Unit 3 – Assignment: Patterns in the Periodic Table

Submit for Evaluation: 25 marks

In the guide, you drew Bohr-Rutherford diagrams for the first 20 elements. These diagrams are
arranged in the pattern of the periodic table. Using these diagrams, answer the questions below
to reveal patterns about the periodic table.

1. A ​row​ in the periodic table is called a ​period​.

a. How many orbitals does Li (lithium) have? __2__

How many does Ne (neon) have? ___2__ (1 mark)

b. How many orbitals does Mg (magnesium) have? _3_

How many does P (phosphorus) have? _3____ (1 mark)

c. Are Li and Ne in the same ​period​ (row)? _yes____

Are Mg and P in the same ​period​ (row)? __yes___

d. What pattern do you notice about the number of orbitals of each of the elements
in the same row? ​(1 mark)

They seem to have the same quantity of orbitals in eachother.

e. How does this relate to the period number (written on the left side of the periodic
table)? See the periodic table on the last page of Pearson ​Investigating Science
9.​ ​(1 mark)

Both of them are in the same row.

f. Using the pattern you’ve discovered, as well as the periodic table in Pearson
Investigating Science 9,​ predict how many orbitals each of the following elements
would have. ​(2 marks)

N __2___ K __4___
Pb ___6__ Xe __5___
2. A ​column ​in the periodic table is called a ​family/group​.

a. How many orbitals does Be (beryllium) have? __2___

How many orbitals does Mg (magnesium) have? __2___ (1 mark)
b. Are Be and Mg in the same ​period​? ___no__
Which element is in the lower number period? __​Be​___

c. What pattern do you see when you move down a ​family/group​ (column)? ​(1
mark)

They have the same amount of orbitals.

3. Look at the pattern between a group on the periodic table and the number of ​valence
electrons​.​ ​Remember that the valence electrons are the ones in the outermost orbital of
an atom.

a. How many valence electrons does Na (sodium) have? __1___

How many does Li (lithium) have? ___1__
(1 mark)

b. How many valence electrons does Mg (magnesium) have? __2___

How many does Ca (calcium) have? ___2__ ​ (1 mark)

c. Are Na and Li in the same ​group​ (column)? _yes____

Are Mg and Ca in the same ​group​ (column)? __yes___

d. What pattern do you notice about the number of valence electrons of elements in
the same group? ​(1 mark)
Sodium and lithium have a different amount than magnesium and calcium.

4. On the periodic table found on the last page of Pearson ​Investigating Science 9​, the
groups are labelled 1 – 18. Or, the one attached to U3 on Brightspace. Use this, as well
as the Bohr-Rutherford periodic table you drew in your unit guide, to discover the
relationship between group number and ​valence electrons​ (electrons in the outermost
energy level).

a. What ​group number​ is Be (beryllium) under? __2___

How many ​valence electrons​ does Be have? __2___ (1 mark)
b. What ​group number​ is K (potassium) under? ___1__
How many ​valence electrons​ does K have? __1___ (1 mark)
 c. What ​group number​ is O (oxygen) under? _16____
How many ​valence electrons​ does O have? __1-___ (1 mark)
d. What ​group number​ is N (nitrogen) under? __15___
How many ​valence electrons​ does N have? _3-____ (1 mark)

e. What is the pattern between what ​group number​ an element is under and the
number of valence electrons that element has? Be specific! ​(2 marks)
HINT:​ Be sure to mention how this pattern is different when the group number is
greater than 10.

Each element is placed in a specific specific spot to its atomic structure. Each
row and column has particular attributes. Magnissium and calcium are found in
column two and share certain similarities, while potassium and calcium from
row four have distinctive aspects. Magnesium and sodium also share qualities
because they are in the same period.

f. Are there any exceptions to this rule? If so, explain. ​(1 mark)
HINT:​ Look at Group 18 on the Bohr-Rutherford periodic table in your unit guide.

Noble gases are a grouping of non-metals in group 18 that are mostly

described as chemically odourless, colourless and highly unreactive.Includes
helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon, and oganesson. Noble gases,
attributable to their full outer shell of electrons, are extremely unreactive.

5. Using the pattern you’ve discovered, as well as the periodic table in Pearson
Investigating Science 9,​ predict how many valence electrons each of the following
elements would have. ​(2 marks)

Cs __1__ Cl ___3__
He __2__ Xe ___5__

6. Complete the following chart using the periodic table.

Number of Number of
Element Orbitals (Shells) Valence
Electrons
fluorine 2 9
(1 mark)
sulfur 3 16
(1 mark)
vanadium 4 5
(1 mark)
hydrogen 1 1
 (1 mark)
Aluminum 3 3

😊
The End
(1 mark)

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