THE HUMAN BODY

Cardiovascular: Transports oxygen, nutrients, and other substances to the cells and transports wastes, carbon
dioxide, and other substances away from the cells; it can also help stabilize body temperature and ph. Heart, blood,
blood vessels, veins, arteries.

Digestive system: Processes foods and absorbs nutrients, minerals, vitamins, and water: Mouth, salivary glands,
esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, exocrine pancreas, small intestine, and large intestine.

Endocrine system: is the collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and
development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood, among other things. Pituitary,
pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, endocrine pancreas, adrenals, testes, and ovaries.

Integumentary system: Provides protection from injury and fluid loss and provides physical defense against
infection by microorganisms; involved in temperature control. Skin, hair, and nails.

Muscular: Provides movement, support, and heat production. Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles.

Nervous system: an animal’s or person’s nervous system consists of its brain and all the nerves in its body that
together make movement and feeling possible by sending messages around the body. Brain, spinal cord, nerves,
and sensory organs—eyes, ears, tongue, skin, and nose.

Reproductive system: is a collection of internal and external organs that work together for the purpose of
procreating. Fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, ovaries, mammary glands (female), testes, vas deferens, seminal
vesicles, prostate, and penis (male).

Respiratory system: is a series of organs responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide. The primary
organs of the respiratory system are lungs, which carry out this exchange of gases as we breathe. Mouth, nose,
pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and diaphragm.

Skeletal: Supports and protects soft tissues of the body; provides movement at joints; produces blood cells; and
stores minerals Bones, cartilage, joints, tendons, and ligaments.

Urinary system: also known as the renal system or urinary tract, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the
urethra. The purpose of the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood volume and blood
pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulate blood ph. Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder,
and urethra.

Immune system: Defends against microbial pathogens—disease-causing agents—and other diseases Leukocytes,
tonsils, adenoids, thymus, and spleen.

Organ: a part of the human body which has a special purpose.

System: an arrangement of many parts that work together.

Cells: a very small piece of the substance of which all living things are made; the smallest unit of living matter.

Tissues: one of the kinds of substance of which the organs of the body are made.

Excretory system: is responsible for the elimination of wastes produced by homeostasis. There are several parts of
the body that are involved in this process, such as sweat glands, the liver, the lungs and the kidney system. Each
kidney is made up of three sections: the renal cortex, the renal medulla and the renal pelvis.

Organ system: is a group of organs that work together as a biological system to perform one or more functions.
Each organ system does a particular job in the body, and is made up of certain tissues.

Skull: is a bony structure that forms the head in vertebrates. It supports the structures of the face and provides a
protective cavity for the brain
Brain: is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals
and controls your thoughts, feelings, and movements.

Bones: is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the vertebrate skeleton. Bones protect the various organs of the
body, produce red and white blood cells, store minerals, provide structure and support for the body, and enable
mobility.

Ligaments: is a fibrous connective tissue which attaches bone to bone, and usually serves to hold structures
together and keep them stable.

Tendons: is a fibrous connective tissue which attaches muscle to bone. Tendons may also attach muscles to
structures such as the eyeball. A tendon serves to move the bone or structure.

Cartilage: is an important structural component of the body. It is a firm tissue but is softer and much more flexible
than bone.

Muscle: is the tissue of the body which primarily functions as a source of power. There are three types of muscles
in the body: skeletal muscle; cardiac muscle and smooth muscle.

Heart: the heart muscle is special because of what it does. The heart sends blood around your body. The blood
provides your body with the oxygen and nutrients it needs.

Bloodstream: the blood flowing through the circulatory system in the living body.

Erythrocytes: a red blood cell, which (in humans) is typically a biconcave disc without a nucleus. Erythrocytes
contain the pigment hemoglobin, which imparts the red color to blood, and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide to
and from the tissues.

Leukocytes: A type of blood cell that is made in the bone marrow and found in the blood and lymph tissue.
Leukocytes are part of the body’s immune system. They help the body fight infection and other diseases. white
blood cells.

Blood vessels: any of the tubes through which blood flows in the body

Arteries: is a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to other parts of the body.

Veins: in contrast, an artery is a vessel that carries blood that is high in oxygen away from the heart to the body.

Nose: is the body's primary organ of smell and functions as part of the body's respiratory system.

Nasopharynx: is, by definition, the upper part of the throat behind the nose. It is a part of the pharynx, which
comprises three separate segments: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and the hypopharynx.

Trachea: in vertebrates and invertebrates, a tube or system of tubes that carries air

Lungs: the most important function of the lungs is to take oxygen from the environment and transfer it to the
bloodstream.

Esophagus: is a muscular tube connecting the throat (pharynx) with the stomach. The esophagus runs behind the
windpipe (trachea) and heart, and in front of the spine.

Stomach: is a muscular organ located on the left side of the upper abdomen. The stomach receives food from the
esophagus. The stomach secretes acid and enzymes that digest food.

Small intestine: or small bowel is the part of the gastrointestinal tract between the stomach and the large intestine
and is where most of the end absorption of food takes place.

Large intestine: also known as the large bowel, is the last part of the gastrointestinal tract. Water is absorbed here,
and the remaining waste material is stored as feces before being removed by defecation.
Rectum: the lowest end of the bowels, down which solid waste travels before leaving the body through the anus.

Mouth: the opening in the face of a person or animal, consisting of the lips and the space between them, or the
space behind containing the teeth and the tongue

Spinal cord: the set of nerves inside the spine that connect the brain to other nerves in the body

Eyes: are organs of the visual system. They provide organisms with vision, the ability to receive and process visual
detail, as well as enabling several photo response functions that are independent of vision.

Ears: the ear is made up of three different sections that work together to collect sounds and send them to the
brain: the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear.

Tongue: is a muscular organ in the mouth of most vertebrates that manipulates food for mastication and is used in
the act of swallowing. It is of importance in the digestive system and is the primary organ of taste in the gustatory
system.

Hormones: are the body’s chemical messengers and are part of the endocrine system. Endocrine glands make
hormones, which travel through the bloodstream to tissues and organs, and control most of our body’s major
systems.

Skin: is the largest organ of the body which protects us from microbes and the elements, helps regulate body
temperature, and permits the sensations of touch, heat, and cold.

Gland: is an organ which produces and releases substances that perform a specific function in the body. There are
two types of gland: endocrine gland and exocrine gland.

Hair: is a bundle of protein called keratin that grows up out of a structure called the hair follicle.

Nails: is a horny sheath protecting the upper end of each finger and toe of humans and most other primates.

Kidneys: the kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located just below the rib
cage, one on each side of your spine. Healthy kidneys filter about a half cup of blood every minute, removing
wastes and extra water to make urine.

Ureters: is a tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. There are two ureters, one attached to
each kidney. The upper half of the ureter is in the abdomen and the lower half is in the pelvic area.

Bladder: is a muscular sac in the pelvis, just above and behind the pubic bone. Urine is made in the kidneys and
travels down two tubes called ureters to the bladder.

Urethra: is a tube that connects the urinary bladder to the urinary meatus for the removal of urine from the body.
In males, the urethra travels through the penis and carries semen.

Virus: is a very small particle that can infect a cell and potentially causing disease. The cell that is infected by a virus
is called the "host cell".

Bacteria: are microscopic, single-celled organisms that thrive in diverse environments. Humans' relationship with
bacteria is complex. Sometimes bacteria lend us a helping hand, such as by curdling milk into yogurt or helping with
our digestion. In other cases, bacteria are destructive, causing diseases like pneumonia and methicillin-resistant

Infection: is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the
reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce.

Agent: a substance that is made from a living organism or its products and is used in the prevention, diagnosis, or
treatment of cancer and other diseases. Biological agents include antibodies, interleukins, and vaccines.

Germ: is a pathogen. A pathogen is a microbe that causes disease. A microbe is a living thing that is too small to see
without a microscope.
Symptom: any subjective evidence of disease. In contrast, a sign is objective. Blood coming out a nostril is a sign; it
is apparent to the patient, physician, and others. Anxiety, low back pain, and fatigue are all symptoms; only the
patient can perceive them.

Treatment: medical care given to a patient for an illness or injury.

Antibiotic: also known as antibacterial, are medications that destroy or slow down the growth of bacteria. They
include a range of powerful drugs and are used to treat diseases caused by bacteria.

Cold: is the presence of low temperature, especially in the atmosphere. Also known simply as a cold, is a viral
infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that primarily affects the nose.

Heat: is the transfer of kinetic energy from one medium or object to another, or from an energy source to a
medium or object. Such energy transfer can occur in three ways: radiation, conduction, and convection.

Pain: an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.

Pressure: pressure is an expression of force exerted on a surface per unit area. The standard unit of pressure is the
pascal (Pa), equivalent to one newton per meter squared (N/m 2 or N · m -2). As the amount of gas increases,
assuming the volume of the chamber and the temperature remain constant, the pressure increases.

Cough: also known as tussis, is a voluntary or involuntary act that clears the throat and breathing passage of
foreign particles, microbes, irritants, fluids, and mucus; it is a rapid expulsion of air from the lungs.

Phlegm or sputum: is a liquid secreted by the mucous membranes of mammals. Its definition is limited to the
mucus produced by the respiratory system, excluding that from the nasal passages, and particularly that which is
expelled by coughing (sputum).

Nausea: is an unpleasant sensation of discomfort or unease in the stomach (queasy stomach), accompanied by an
urge to vomit. Nausea often precedes vomiting.

Vomiting: vomiting or throwing up describes the forceful expulsion of the contents of the stomach via the mouth
or sometimes the nose, also known of as emesis.

Fever: is when a human's body temperature goes above the normal range of 36–37°C (98–100°F). A high body
temperature, or fever, is one of the ways our immune system attempts to combat an infection.

Sweating: is a bodily function that helps regulate your body temperature. Also called perspiration, sweating is the
release of a salt-based fluid from your sweat glands.

Itching: also known as pruritus, is a general sensation arising from the irritation of skin cells or nerve cells
associated with the skin.

Rashes: is an area of irritated or swollen skin. Many rashes are itchy, red, painful, and irritated. Contact dermatitis
is a common type of rash.

Allergies: also known as allergic diseases, are several conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system
to typically harmless substances in the environment. These diseases include hay fever, food allergies, atopic
dermatitis, allergic asthma, and anaphylaxis.

Insect bites: are puncture wounds or lacerations made by insects. An insect may bite in self-defense or when
looking to feed. Insects typically inject formic acid. This can lead to blisters, inflammation, redness, swelling, pain,
itching, and irritation.

Syndrome: are defined by a group of signs or symptoms. And you may not have to have all of them, but you might
have two from one group and one from the other to have a syndrome.

Weakness: the state or quality of being weak; lack of strength, firmness, vigor, or the like; feebleness.
Bleeding: also known as a hemorrhage or hemorrhage, is blood escaping from the circulatory system from
damaged blood vessels. Bleeding can occur internally, or externally either through a natural opening such as the
mouth, nose, ear, urethra, vagina or anus, or through a wound in the skin.

Immunity: the ability of an organism to resist an infection or toxin by the action of specific antibodies or sensitized
white blood cells.

Prescription: an instruction written by a medical practitioner that authorizes a patient to be issued with a medicine
or treatment.

Diarrhea: is characterized by loose, watery stools or a frequent need to have a bowel movement.

Hit:

Cut: to break the surface of something, or to divide or make something smaller, using a sharp tool, especially a
knife

Headache: is pain in the head or face, and sometimes also includes pain in the upper neck. Pain sensitive structures
in the head and face include the skin, bone and structures in the eyes, ears, nose and mouth.

Stomachache: pain in or in the region of the stomach

Muscle ache: often, people who experience muscle aches can easily pinpoint the cause. This is because most
instances of myalgia result from too much stress, tension, or physical activity.

Joint pain: refers to discomfort, aches, and soreness in any of the body’s joints. Sometimes, joint pain is the result
of an illness or injury. Arthritis is also a common cause of joint pain.

Sore throat: you have an infection to go along with it. But your throat could also get irritated by things such as dry
air, heavy pollution, or tobacco smoke.

Mouth ulcer: is the loss or erosion of the delicate lining tissue of the mouth (mucous membrane). The most
common cause is mechanical injury, such as accidentally biting the inside of your cheek.

Genital ulcers: defined as single or multiple vesicular, ulcerative or erosive lesions of the genital tract, with or
without inguinal lymphadenopathy, should lead to consideration of sexually transmitted infection

Weight loss: is a decrease in body weight resulting from either voluntary (diet, exercise) or involuntary (illness)
circumstances.

Break a bone or fracture: if more pressure is put on a bone than it can stand, it will split or break. A break of any
size is called a fracture. If the broken bone punctures the skin, it is called an open fracture (compound fracture). A
stress fracture is a break in the bone that develops because of repeated or prolonged forces against the bone.
 DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE BODY.

ENGLISH SPANISH ENGLISH SPANISH

LEG PIERNA TOOH / TEETH DIEZ / DIENTES
ANKLE TOBILLO THROAT GARGANTA
CALF PANTORRILLA UPPER JAW MANDÍBULA
SUPERIOR
FEMUR FÉMUR UPPER LIP LABIO SUPERIOR
FOOT / FEET PIE / PIES TRUNK TRONCO
KNEE RODILLA ARMPIT AXILA
THIGH MUSLO BACK ESPALDA
TOE DEDO (PIE) BLADDER VEJIGA
ARM BRAZO CHEST PECHO
ELBOW CODO GROIN INGLE
FINGER DEDO (MANO) HEART CORAZÓN
FOREARM ANTEBRAZO HIP CADERA
HAND MANO KIDNEY RIÑÓN
INDEX FINGER DEDO ÍNDICE LIVER HÍGADO
NAIL UÑA LUNG PULMÓN
SHOULDERS HOMBROS NAVEL OMBLIGO
UPPER ARM PARTE SUPERIOR DEL SPLEEN BAZO
BRAZO
WRIST MUÑECA STOMACH ESTÓMAGO
HEAD CABEZA THORAX TÓRAX
BRAIN CEREBRO WAIST CINTURA
CHEEK MEJILLA SKELETON EAQUELETO
CHIN BARBILLA BACKBONE COLUMNA
VERTEBRAL
EARS OREJAS BREASTBONE ESTERNÓN
FOREHEAD FRENTE CLAVICLE / CLAVÍCULA
COLLARBONE
HAIR CABELLO HUMERUS HÚMERO
LIPS LABIOS PELVIS PELVIS
LOWER JAW MANDÍBULA RIB COSTILLA
INFERIOR
LOWER LIP LABIO INFERIOR SKULL CRÁNEO
NECK CUELLO SPINE ESPINA
NOSE NARIZ STERNUM ESTERNÓN
TONGUE LENGUA
TONSIL AMÍGDALA