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Hands-on Certified Training on

Mechatronics

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with
Arduino

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Training by
Naveed ur Rehman

In assistance with

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Muhammad Amin Qureshi
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Lecture #3
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PLEASE NOTE
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Softcopy of study material will be shared on

Google Drive:
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http://goo.gl/2xij0V
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During class, use this link:

http://192.168.5.123/arduino
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Keep in touch and give us feedback at

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FB Event Page:
http://goo.gl/z4eWkF
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Arduino Programming: Digital Read

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1.It is used to read the state of a digital sensor (or
may be switch), whether it is HIGH or LOW.

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2.It can be used to read the state of a push
button, on/off switch, float sensor, flame sensor,

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capacitive touch sensor etc.

REMEMBER:

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Receiving HIGH doesn’t mean that physical
switch is ON! Rather, it all depends upon the
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circuitry being deployed.
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Digital Read: “Switch” Circuit

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Step #0: Schematic of circuit

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There are mainly two kinds of circuit

configurations, one may build to read
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the state of a switch:

1. Pulldown Resistance Configuration

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2. Pullup Resistance Configuration

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Digital Read: “Switch” Circuit

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Pulldown Resistor Configuration:

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Switch Read
Pressed (Close) HIGH (1)
Unperssed (Open) LOW (0)

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Digital Read: “Switch” Circuit

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Pullup Resistor Configuration:

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Switch Read
Pressed (Close) LOW (0)
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Unperssed (Open) HIGH (1)

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Digital Read: “Switch” Sketch

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Step #0: Schematic of circuit (Pulldown)

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Switch

10 kΩ
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Digital Read: “Switch” Sketch

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Step #1: Global space

Declare an integer variable with suitable name
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and define it with the digital I/O pin # (0 to 13) or

analog-in pin (A0 to A5).
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For example:
int sensor = 3;
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or
int sensor = A3;
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Digital Read: “Switch” Sketch

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Step #2: Configure in setup()
As we want to read data from a switch, use INPUT

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mode. For our program, we should write:

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pinMode(3, INPUT);
or
pinMode(A3, INPUT);
or
pinMode(sensor, INPUT); du
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Digital Read: “Switch” Sketch

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Step #3: Read in loop()

In loop() you can actually read the state (or signal)
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of switch.
A statement used to read the digital data is:
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int state = digitalRead(pin# or pin variable);

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As we are dealing with “Digital” signals, we may

receive either HIGH or LOW.
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Digital Read: “Switch” Sketch

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int sensor = 3;
void setup() {

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// put your setup code here, to run once:
pinMode(sensor,INPUT);

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}

void loop() {

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// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
int state = digitalRead(sensor);
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}
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Digital Read: “Switch” Sketch

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Input?
1. You may connect a real “Switch” which can be
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a push (or reset) button, on/off button or a

two-way switch.
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2. Several sensors work as a switch (e.g. float

level sensor), so you may connect them to
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work as switch.
3. It can also be simulated by simply touching ad
un-touching two jumpers.
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Digital Read: “Switch” Sketch

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Output?
There can be several ways to indicate or utilize

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sensor output – We will discuss them later today.
For illustration, we are showing output in terms of

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glow of LED.

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When received HIGH When received LOW
LED = ON LED = OFF
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Digital Read: “Switch” Sketch

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Step #0: Schematic of circuit with LED (Pulldown)

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Digital Read: “Switch” Sketch

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Step #0: Schematic of circuit with LED (Pulldown)

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Digital Read: “Switch” Sketch

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int sensor = 3;
int led = 7;
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void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
pinMode(sensor,INPUT);
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pinMode(led,OUTPUT);
}
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void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
int state = digitalRead(sensor);
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digitalWrite(led, state);
}
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Arduino Programming: Digital Read

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Making an Arduino circuit:
Reset button to glow LED (Pulldown)

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Digital Read: “Switch” Sketch

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Step #0: Schematic of circuit with LED (Pullup)

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Digital Read: “Switch” Sketch

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Step #0: Schematic of circuit with LED (Pullup)

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Digital Read: “Switch” Sketch

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Remember, the sketchs for pulldown and pullup

configuration circuits are exactly
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THE SAME
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Arduino Programming: Digital Read

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Making an Arduino circuit:
Reset button to glow LED (Pullup)

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Arduino Programming: Digital Read

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Internal Pullup Configuration:

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Arduino Programming: Digital Read

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Internal Pullup Configuration:

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Internal Pullup resistance

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Digital I/O
From
Switch

Inside Arduino
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Digital Read: “Switch” Sketch

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int sensor = 3;
int led = 7;
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void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
pinMode(sensor, INPUT_PULLUP); Only change in sketch is
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pinMode(led,OUTPUT); this configuration part!

}
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void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
int state = digitalRead(sensor);
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digitalWrite(led,state);
}
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Arduino Programming: Digital Read

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Making an Arduino circuit:
Reset button to glow LED (Internal pullup)

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Arduino Programming: Digital Read

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Making an Arduino circuit:

Float sensor
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Arduino Programming: Digital Read

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Making your own float sensor for a water tank!

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Digital Sensors/Modules

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Mostly, sensors come along with their electronic
modules which contains all the necessary things

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required to transfer relevant signal (voltage) to
Arduino.

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Usually, they have 03 pins:

VCC
Ground du
to be connected at +5V
to be connected at GND
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Signal to be connected at Digital I/O
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Digital Sensors
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Making an Arduino circuits :

U-Sensor
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Tilt sensor
Capacitive touch
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Flame sensor
Smoke sensor
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CO sensor
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Inverted Logic

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If you receive HIGH signal when sensor is not
active (or sensing), the sensor is said to be

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working on Inverted Logic.

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To reverse the inverted logic, you can use LOGICAL
NEGATION (!) just before digitalRead statement.

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int value = !digitalRead(sensor);
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Other outputs
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Serial monitor:
Display any streaming response or calculations on
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computer screen using Serial monitor.

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Other outputs

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Serial monitor:
In Setup():

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Serial.begin(9600);

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Anywhere in Loop():
Print but don’t move to next line:

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Serial.print(“The output is: ”);
Or print and move to next line:
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Serial.println(value);
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Other outputs
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Serial monitor:
When your program is running on board, press
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Serial monitor button.

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Other outputs

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Buzzer:
When you don’t want to monitor, just listen!

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Other outputs
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7-Segment:
Love numbers, show them!
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Other outputs

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7-Segment:
You are provided with a Common Anode 7-Segment

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Display.

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NOTE:

To power display: pin#3 or pin#8 = +5V

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Connect segments: with resistors!
To ON segment (LED): digitalWrite LOW (or 0)
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To OFF segment (LED): digitalWrite HIGH (or 1)
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Other outputs
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7-Segment:
Connect pins of Arduino and 7-Segment with 200-
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400Ω resistors.
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Other outputs

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7-Segment:

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Other outputs
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7-Segment:
void setup() void loop() // write '0'
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{ { digitalWrite(2, 0);
pinMode(2, OUTPUT); // write '1' digitalWrite(3, 0);
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pinMode(3, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(2, 1); digitalWrite(4, 0);

pinMode(4, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(3, 0); digitalWrite(5, 0);
pinMode(5, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(4, 0); digitalWrite(6, 0);
digitalWrite(5, 1);
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pinMode(6, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(7, 0);

pinMode(7, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(6, 1); digitalWrite(8, 0);
pinMode(8, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(7, 1); delay(1000);
pinMode(9, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(8, 1); }
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} delay(1000);
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Other outputs

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7-Segment:

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Class work assignment!

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Naveed ur Rehman Muhammad Amin Qureshi

r R #3

Expert Trainer Training Assistant

wwwnaveedurrehman.com fb.com/ameen85
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Hands-on Certified Training on Mechatronics with Arduino

held at NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi
Lecture

16 May to 14 Jun, 15
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Thank You!
We’ll love to hear from you!!
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http://goo.gl/z4eWkF
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