187 Board #28 May 30 9:30 AM - 11:00 AM

Posture Influence on Recovery Intervals in Sprint Cycling

Deanna Emnott, Lorrie Brilla, FACSM, Harsh Buddhadev, Wren McLaughlin. Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA. (Sponsor: Lorrie
Brilla, FACSM)
(No relevant relationships reported)

There is a paucity of research on how trunk posture affects recovery during a race or practice immediately between cycling sprints, although there is speculation that posture may
influence recovery. This study included 13 competitive male cyclists, with an average of nearly 10 competitions in the past year. Participants completed two 30-s maximal effort sprints
on a cycle ergometer followed by two 4-min active recovery intervals at 75 W and the same cadence for each session. Participants assumed one of two trunk posture conditions during
the recovery intervals on two separate days. They were randomly assigned to either a flexed thoracic spine position greater than 14° (FC) or a neutral thoracic spine position (NC) on the
first testing day and completed the other no less than 48 hours later. Recorded variables included heart rate recovery (HRR), tidal volume (V T), carbon dioxide output (VCO2), change in
sprint mean power (ΔMP), and change in sprint fatigue index (ΔFI). There were no significant differences between conditions in any of the variables (p>0.05). Results of FC versus NC
for each variable were: HRR 23.5±0.4 vs. 21.3±5.0 bpm; V T 3.00±0.51 vs. 3.19±0.54 L; VCO2 3.28±0.25 vs. 3.26±3.60 L/min; ΔMP -29.7±17.0 vs. -28.8±19.0 W; ΔFI 0.59±0.25 vs. -
0.43±1.90 W/s. Using the Cohen’s d statistic, there was a small effect of thoracic spine position during recovery on HRR (d=0.33), VT (d=0.34), and ΔFI (d=0.45) from one sprint to
another. However, there was no effect of thoracic position on VCO 2 (d=0.062) or the ΔMP (d=0.051) from sprint to sprint and recovery intervals. There may be little to no benefit to
recovery in assuming a more flexed thoracic position between cycling sprints.
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188 Board #29 May 30 9:30 AM - 11:00 AM

Effects Of Cycling Cadence On Physiological Variables
Daniel J. Blackwood, John W. Farrell, III, Rebecca D. Larson. University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK. (Sponsor: Christopher Black, FACSM)
(No relevant relationships reported)

The rate of muscular contractions during cycling can be modified by increasing or decreasing pedaling revolutions. The manipulation of cadence (revolutions per minute, rpm) may lead
to alterations in the physiological response at a given work rate and cadence selection may affect overall cycling performance.
PURPOSE: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the relationships between cadence selection and accumulated energy (AE), time to exhaustion (TTE), and VO2peak.
METHODS: 20 individuals age 18-45 participated in the current study. Participants were grouped into two groups, cycling experience (CE=8) and no cycling experience
(NCE=12).Subjects in both groups each completed 3 graded exercise tests (GXT) at 3 different cadences over the course of 3 visits. The initial GXT (visit 1) was at a self-selected (SS)
cadence and the subsequent 2 visits consisted of a GXT at either a Low (55-70 rpm) or High (100-115 rpm) cadence. The cadence for visits 2 and 3 were randomly selected. A two-way
repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine if significant differences existed between groups as well as between cadences.
RESULTS: A significant group by condition interaction was present. Significant group differences existed for AE (CE 196.17 ± 57.95 vs. NCE 100.67 ± 37.00), TTE (CE 1368.67 ±
207.37 vs. NCE 990.11 ± 174.64) and VO2peak (CE 47.71 ± 8.21 vs. NCE 36.16 ± 4.87). Significant differences were observed between the High and Low cadences for AE (High
135.53 ± 66.14 vs Low 156.28 ± 66.97) and TTE (High 1123.42 ± 285.69 vs. Low 1218.167 ± 254.32). Significant differences were also observed between the High and SS cadences
for AE (High 135.53 ± 66.14 vs SS 153.4 ± 66.68) and TTE (High 1123.42 ± 285.69 vs. SS 1196.58 ± 254.28). No significant differences were observed between the Low and SS
cadences for AE and TTE (p > 0.05). No significant differences were observed at the different cadences for VO 2peak.
CONCLUSION: Cadence selection appears to have a significant effect on TTE and AE, but no effect on VO2peak. These findings suggest that selecting a higher cadence will lead to
earlier development of fatigue and volitional exhaustion compared to that of lower cadences. This indicates that improper cadence selection could have a detrimental effect on cycling
performance and should be individualized.

189 Board #30 May 30 9:30 AM - 11:00 AM

Do High-Intensity Intervals 24hr Prior to a Simulated Cycling Race Enhance 40km Time Trial Performance?
G. Alan Garvick, Edward K. Merritt, R. Andrew Shanely. Appalachian State University, Boone, NC.
(No relevant relationships reported)

Previous endurance exercise studies suggest that a high-intensity low-volume taper period improves performance over a low-intensity taper period. However, few, if any, studies have
examined different exercise intensities in the two days preceding a race, a period often manipulated during training.
PURPOSE: To compare performance in a simulated 40km cycling time trial (TT) 24hr after a high-intensity interval - low volume cycling session (HII), commonly described as an
“openers,” or a low-intensity effort session (LIE).
METHODS: Eight subjects (6 males/ 2 females, 29.6±4.5 yrs, VO2max 62.3±2.21 ml kg-1 min-1) completed two simulated 40km time trials following the familiarization 40km TT (FAM). The
FAM trial was completed 5-10 d prior to the first performance trial. Performance trials, HII and LIE, were completed in a random crossover repeated measures design. Subjects rested the day
before FAM, HII, and LIE trials to mimic normal pre-race structure. HII consisted of 1hr of cycling (15-min warm up at 63% of FAM power (FAMp)), three 1-min efforts at 150% FAMp
separated by 5-min at 63% FAMp, three 30-sec efforts at maximum FAMp separated by 5-min at 63% FAMp, and 15.5-min cool down at 65% FAMp). LIE consisted of 1hr cycling at 35%
FAMp. Time to complete the TT, average power, VO2, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured.
RESULTS: Neither time to completion nor average power differed between HII and LIE trials (63.2±3.51 min vs. 62.9±4.09 min, p=0.545; 219±36.3 watts vs. 222±38.6 watts, p=0.374). The
time taken to reach each 5km interval over the 40km distance did not differ between trials (p=0.362). The pattern of change in VO 2, RER, and RPE did not differ between trials (p=0.775,
p=0.281, p=0.508, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Despite previous reports that high-intensity low-volume taper paradigms improve performance over a low-intensity taper, exercise performance, average power, VO 2,
RER, and RPE did not differ in trained cyclists during 40km time trials completed 24hr after HII and LIE sessions.

190 Board #31 May 30 9:30 AM - 11:00 AM

Novice Cyclists Using Shorter Crank Lengths Produced Greater Power at Same V̇O2
Boe M. Burrus1, Jessie Armendariz1, Brian M. Moscicki2. 1Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA. 2Indiana University, Bloomington, IN.
(Sponsor: Vincent J Paolone, FACSM)
(No relevant relationships reported)

Compared to trained runners, novice runners employ lower stride frequencies and shorter stride lengths as they run at lower speeds vs trained runners. Novice cyclists may benefit from a
similar paradigm, utilizing shorter crank lengths as an analog to the lower stride frequencies and shorter stride lengths used by novice runners.
PURPOSE: To determine the impact of short crank arms on novice cyclist’s performance and comfort during a bout of moderate intensity cycling.
METHODS: A total of 14 male novice cyclists (25.9 ± 6.9 yrs.) were included in the current study. Subjects completed an incremental cycle test to determine V̇O2peak. Experimental trials
were performed in a randomized counterbalanced format. The experimental trials consisted of 30 min cycling bouts at 60% of V̇O2peak, with one session using crank arms set to 175mm
(normal length), and the other session the crank arms set to 145mm (short length). Bike fit was replicated for all trials. Repeated Measures ANOVAs were used to compare blood lactate,
power output, RPM, HR, RER, V̇E, and RPE across experimental trials and time.
RESULTS: Power output was significantly greater during the short crank arm trial when compared to the normal crank arm trial at 10 min (136.8 ± 8.1 vs. 132.5 ± 7.9 W, p = 0.012) , 15
min (138.9 ± 8.5 vs. 133.6 ± 7.9 W, p = 0.002), 20 min (139.3 ± 8.4 vs. 132.1 ± 8.0 W, p = 0.002), 25 min (136.1 ± 8.0 vs. 130.0 ± 8.0 W, p = 0.002), and 30 min (134.3 ± 8.1 vs. 128.6 ±
8.0 W, p = 0.006) at 60% of V̇O2peak. All other variables did not differ between crank length trials.

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