Lecture 2:

Design of Rectangular
Singly-Reinforced Beam
Strength Design Method
Formerly: Ultimate Strength Design or USD Method

CONCRETE STEEL
Working Stress Design (WSD) Allowable Stress Design
Ultimate Strength Design (USD) Load and Resistance Factor Design
(LRFD)

Design Principle (USD):

Design Strength ≥ Strength Required to

carry factored loads

2
Design Principle (USD):

Design Strength ≥ Strength Required to

carry factored loads

Design Strength provided by a member, its connections to other members, and its cross
sections, in terms of flexure, axial load, shear and torsion, shall be taken as the nominal
strength calculated in accordance with requirements and assumptions of this Section,
multiplied by the strength reduction factor Ø

2010/2015 NSCP For Example:

Flexure (tension-controlled) 0.90

Compression-controlled section with spirals 0.75

Other compression-controlled section 0.65

Shear and Torsion 0.75

Mn = 100 kN.m
Bearing on concrete (except for post- 0.65
tensioned anchorage) Mu = ØMn = 90 kN.m
3 Post-tensioned anchorage zones 0.85
 Design Principle (USD):

Design Strength ≥ Strength Required to

carry factored loads
2015 NSCP:
Where:
D = Dead Load
L = Live Load
R = Rain Load
W = Wind Load
E = Earthquake Load
Lr = Roof Live Load

For Example: 𝑷𝑫 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒌𝑵 → 𝑷𝑫 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝒌𝑵

4
Design Principle (USD):

Design Strength ≥ Strength Required to

carry factored loads

Ø𝑺𝒏 ≥ 𝑼

Ø𝑷𝒏 ≥ 𝑷𝒖

Ø𝑴𝒏 ≥ 𝑴𝒖

Ø𝑽𝒏 ≥ 𝑽𝒖

Ø𝑻𝒏 ≥ 𝑻𝒖
5
 Parameters
Concrete
f’c = compressive strength of concrete at 28 days.
Ec = modulus of elasticity of concrete
𝑬𝒄 = 𝟒𝟕𝟎𝟎 𝒇′ 𝒄 → For normal
weight concrere
Reinforcing Steel
Yield Strength of Steel (fy)
2010 NSCP 2015 NSCP

Intermediate Grade (ASTM Gr. 40) 275 MPa 280 Mpa

High Carbon Grade (ASTM Gr. 60) 415 MPa 420 MPa

6 Es = modulus of elasticity of steel = 200,000 MPa

 Conditions of Design
1. Balanced Design
- condition when tension reinforcement reaches the strain corresponding
to fy just as concrete in compression reaches its assumed ultimate strain
of 0.003 (𝜺𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑)

𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑

𝒇𝒚
𝜺𝒕𝒚 =
𝑬𝒔
7
 Conditions of Design
2. Compression-Controlled (Over Reinforced Design)
- condition when the ultimate strain in concrete is reached without
reaching the yield strain in steel.

𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑

𝜺𝒕 ≤ 𝜺𝒕𝒚

8
 Conditions of Design
3. Tension-Controlled (Under Reinforced Design)
- condition when ultimate strain in steel is reached before the ultimate
strain in concrete.

𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑

𝜺𝒕 ≥ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓

9
 Conditions of Design
Compression- Balanced Tension-
Controlled Strain Controlled
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑

𝜺𝒕 ≤ 𝜺𝒕𝒚 𝒇𝒚 𝜺𝒕 ≥ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓
𝜺𝒕𝒚 =
𝑬𝒔
Brittle Ideal Ductile
Type of Failure:
Failure Failure Failure
10
 Take Note: 𝒂 = 𝜷𝟏 𝒄
410.3 Design Assumptions
𝒇′ 𝒄 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′ 𝒄
𝒃 𝜺𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑
𝑪 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′ 𝒄𝒂𝒃
𝒄 𝒂
𝒅𝒕 𝒅 N.A 𝒂
𝒅− 𝑴𝒏
𝟐
𝜺𝒔
𝑻 = 𝑨𝒔 𝒇𝒚
(𝒊𝒇 𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒍 𝒚𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅𝒔) 𝒂
𝜺𝒕 𝑴𝒏 = 𝑪 (𝒅 − )
Whitney’s rect. 𝟐
Strain Stress 𝒂
𝑴𝒏 = 𝑻 (𝒅 − )
Stress Diagram 𝟐

Values of 𝜷𝟏 : NSCP 2010/2015

For f’c ≤ 28 MPa, 𝜷𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓

𝒇′ 𝒄 − 𝟐𝟖
For f’c ≥ 28 MPa, 𝜷𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 ≥ 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓
𝟕

11
 Take Note: 𝒂 = 𝜷𝟏 𝒄
410.3 Design Assumptions
𝒇′ 𝒄 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′ 𝒄
𝒃 𝜺𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑
𝑪 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′ 𝒄𝒂𝒃
𝒄 𝒂
𝒅𝒕 𝒅 N.A 𝒂
𝒅− 𝑴𝒏
𝟐
𝜺𝒔
𝑻 = 𝑨𝒔 𝒇𝒚
(𝒊𝒇 𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒍 𝒚𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅𝒔) 𝒂
𝜺𝒕 𝑴𝒏 = 𝑪 (𝒅 − )
Whitney’s rect. 𝟐
Strain Stress 𝒂
𝑴𝒏 = 𝑻 (𝒅 − )
Stress Diagram 𝟐

Values of c:
𝒄 𝒅𝒕 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝒅𝒕 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑
=
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑 + 𝜺𝒕
→ 𝒄=
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑 + 𝜺𝒕 𝒄
For Balanced Condition: 𝒅𝒕
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝒅𝒕 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝒅𝒕 Take Note:
𝒄𝒃𝒂𝒍 = 𝒄𝒃𝒂𝒍 = 𝒇𝒚
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑 + 𝜺𝒕𝒚 𝟔𝟎𝟎 + 𝒇𝒚 𝜺𝒕𝒚 =
𝑬𝒔 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑 + 𝜺𝒕
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 Take Note: 𝒂 = 𝜷𝟏 𝒄
410.3 Design Assumptions
𝒇′ 𝒄 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′ 𝒄
𝒃 𝜺𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑
𝑪 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′ 𝒄𝒂𝒃
𝒄 𝒂
𝒅𝒕 𝒅 N.A 𝒂
𝒅− 𝑴𝒏
𝟐
𝜺𝒔
𝑻 = 𝑨𝒔 𝒇𝒚
(𝒊𝒇 𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒍 𝒚𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅𝒔) 𝒂
𝜺𝒕 𝑴𝒏 = 𝑪 (𝒅 − )
Whitney’s rect. 𝟐
Strain Stress 𝒂
𝑴𝒏 = 𝑻 (𝒅 − )
Stress Diagram 𝟐
Steel Ratio (ρ):
From C=T:
𝑨𝒔 𝟎.𝟖𝟓𝒇′ 𝒄 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟑 𝒅𝒕
𝝆= 𝝆=
𝒇𝒚
𝜷𝟏
𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟑+𝜺𝒕 𝒅
→ General Formula of Steel Ratio
𝒃𝒅

For Balanced Condition: For Maximum Steel Ratio (T.C):

𝟎.𝟖𝟓𝒇′ 𝒄 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒅𝒕 𝟎.𝟖𝟓𝒇′ 𝒄 𝟑 𝒅𝒕
𝝆𝒃𝒂𝒍 = 𝜷𝟏 𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝜷𝟏
𝒇𝒚 𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚 𝒅 𝒇𝒚 𝟖 𝒅

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 Take Note: 𝒂 = 𝜷𝟏 𝒄
410.3 Design Assumptions
𝒇′ 𝒄 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′ 𝒄
𝒃 𝜺𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑
𝑪 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′ 𝒄𝒂𝒃
𝒄 𝒂
𝒅𝒕 𝒅 N.A 𝒂
𝒅− 𝑴𝒏
𝟐
𝜺𝒔
𝑻 = 𝑨𝒔 𝒇𝒚
(𝒊𝒇 𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒍 𝒚𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅𝒔) 𝒂
𝜺𝒕 𝑴𝒏 = 𝑪 (𝒅 − )
Whitney’s rect. 𝟐
Strain Stress 𝒂
𝑴𝒏 = 𝑻 (𝒅 − )
Stress Diagram 𝟐
Other Derived Equations:
Coefficient of resisting moment, Rn Reinforcement Steel Ratio, 𝝆
𝑴𝒖
𝑹𝒏 =
∅𝒃𝒅𝟐
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′ 𝒄 𝟐𝑹𝒏
𝝆= 𝟏− 𝟏−
𝝆𝒇𝒚
𝟐 𝒇𝒚 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′ 𝒄
𝑹𝒏 = 𝝆𝒇𝒚 −
𝟏. 𝟕𝒇′ 𝒄

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Design of Rectangular Beam Sections
1. Calculate the resisting moment coefficient, Rn 4. Determine the required number of bars.
𝑴𝒖 𝑨𝒔
𝑹𝒏 = 𝑵=
∅𝒃𝒅𝟐 𝑨𝒃

2. Compute the steel reinforcement ratio, ρ

Limitations for values of steel ratio, ρ
′
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇 𝒄 𝟐𝑹𝒏
𝝆= 𝟏− 𝟏− 𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 ≤ 𝝆 ≤ 𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝒇𝒚 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′ 𝒄

Take Note:
≥
𝒇′ 𝒄 𝟏. 𝟒
𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 =
𝟒𝒇𝒚 𝒇𝒚
Check the limitation values of steel ratio, ρ
𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 ≤ 𝝆 ≤ 𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙
(2001, 2010, and 2015 NSCP)
3. Calculate the required number of bars
𝑨𝒔 = 𝝆𝒃𝒅
Problem Set 1
Problem 1
A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300mm and an effective depth of 618mm, Compressive
reinforcement (if required) will be placed at d’ = 60mm. f’c = 28MPa and fy = 415MPa. Use 2010 NSCP.
The beam is to support a factored bending moment of 600 kN.m. Use Ø=0.90 for flexure.

1. Calculate the steel ratio for a balanced section.

2. Determine the theoretical steel ratio required for the beam to support the given factored moment.
3. Following NSCP requirements, determine the required area of steel reinforcement.
4. Determine the number of 28mmØ bars that tension reinforcement.
5. Determine the maximum number of 28mmØ bars that can be used for given section, if it is singly-
reinforced.
Problem Set 1
Problem 1
A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300mm and an effective depth of 618mm, Compressive
reinforcement (if required) will be placed at d’ = 60mm. f’c = 28MPa and fy = 415MPa. Use 2010 NSCP.
The beam is to support a factored bending moment of 600 kN.m. Use Ø=0.90 for flexure.

Solution: 1. Calculate the steel ratio for a balanced section.

𝒃 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎
Given: 𝟎.𝟖𝟓𝒇′ 𝒄 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒅𝒕
𝝆𝒃𝒂𝒍 = 𝜷𝟏
𝒇𝒚 𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝒇𝒚 𝒅
𝒅 = 𝟔𝟏𝟖𝒎𝒎
𝑨𝒔 For f’c ≤ 28 MPa, 𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝜷𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓

𝟎.𝟖𝟓 𝟐𝟖 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟔𝟏𝟖

𝝆𝒃𝒂𝒍 = (𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)
𝟒𝟏𝟓 𝟔𝟎𝟎+𝟒𝟏𝟓 𝟔𝟏𝟖
𝒇′ 𝒄 = 𝟐𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝒇𝒚 = 𝟒𝟏𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝝆𝒃𝒂𝒍 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟖𝟖𝟐
𝑴𝒖 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎

∅ = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎
Problem Set 1
Problem 1
A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300mm and an effective depth of 618mm, Compressive
reinforcement (if required) will be placed at d’ = 60mm. f’c = 28MPa and fy = 415MPa. Use 2010 NSCP.
The beam is to support a factored bending moment of 600 kN.m. Use Ø=0.90 for flexure.

Solution: 2. Determine the theoretical steel ratio required for the beam
𝒃 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎 to support the given factored moment.
Given:
𝑴𝒖 𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝑵 𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝒎𝒎
𝟔𝟎𝟎𝒌𝑵. 𝒎( )( )
𝒅 = 𝟔𝟏𝟖𝒎𝒎 𝑹𝒏 = 𝑹𝒏 = 𝒌𝑵 𝒎
∅𝒃𝒅𝟐 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎(𝟑𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎)(𝟔𝟏𝟖𝒎𝒎)𝟐
𝑨𝒔
= 𝟓. 𝟖𝟏𝟖 𝑵/𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′ 𝒄 𝟐𝑹𝒏
𝝆= 𝟏− 𝟏−
𝒇′ 𝒄 = 𝟐𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂 𝒇𝒚 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′ 𝒄
𝒇𝒚 = 𝟒𝟏𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝑴𝒖 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟖) 𝟐(𝟓. 𝟖𝟏𝟖)
𝝆= 𝟏− 𝟏− = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟔𝟑𝟓
(𝟒𝟏𝟓) 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟖)
∅ = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎
Problem Set 1
Problem 1
A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300mm and an effective depth of 618mm, Compressive
reinforcement (if required) will be placed at d’ = 60mm. f’c = 28MPa and fy = 415MPa. Use 2010 NSCP.
The beam is to support a factored bending moment of 600 kN.m. Use Ø=0.90 for flexure.

Solution: 3. Following NSCP requirements, determine the required area

𝒃 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎 of steel reinforcement.
Given:
𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 ≤ 𝝆 ≤ 𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝒅 = 𝟔𝟏𝟖𝒎𝒎
𝝆 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟔𝟑𝟓
𝑨𝒔
𝟎.𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟖) 𝟑
𝟎.𝟖𝟓𝒇′ 𝒄 𝟑 𝒅𝒕 𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟐𝟖
𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝜷𝟏 (𝟒𝟏𝟓) 𝟖
𝒇𝒚 𝟖 𝒅

𝒇′ 𝒄 = 𝟐𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝒇𝒚 = 𝟒𝟏𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂 𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 =
𝒇′ 𝒄
≥ 𝟏. 𝟒 𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟏𝟗 ≥ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟑𝟕
𝟒𝒇𝒚 𝒇𝒚 𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟑𝟕
𝑴𝒖 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
ok ok 𝑨𝒔 = 𝝆𝒃𝒅 = (𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟔𝟑𝟓)(𝟑𝟎𝟎)(𝟔𝟏𝟖)
∅ = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟑𝟕 ≤ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟔𝟑𝟓 ≤ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟐𝟖
𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆 𝒖𝒔𝒆: 𝝆 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟔𝟑𝟓 𝑨𝒔 = 𝟑𝟎𝟑𝟏. 𝟐𝟗 𝒎𝒎𝟐
Problem Set 1
Problem 1
A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300mm and an effective depth of 618mm, Compressive
reinforcement (if required) will be placed at d’ = 60mm. f’c = 28MPa and fy = 415MPa. Use 2010 NSCP.
The beam is to support a factored bending moment of 600 kN.m. Use Ø=0.90 for flexure.

Solution: 4. Determine the number of 28mmØ bars that tension

𝒃 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎 reinforcement.
Given:
𝑨𝒔 𝟑𝟎𝟑𝟏.𝟐𝟗 𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝒅 = 𝟔𝟏𝟖𝒎𝒎 𝑵= 𝑵= 𝝅 = 𝟒. 𝟗𝟐𝟑 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔
𝑨𝒃 (𝟐𝟖𝟐 )
𝟒
𝑨𝒔 = 𝟓 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔

5. Determine the maximum number of 28mmØ bars that can

be used for given section, if it is singly-reinforced.
𝒇′ 𝒄 = 𝟐𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝒇𝒚 = 𝟒𝟏𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂 𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟐𝟖 𝑨𝒔 = 𝝆𝒃𝒅 = (𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟐𝟖)(𝟑𝟎𝟎)(𝟔𝟏𝟖)
𝑴𝒖 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎 𝑨𝒔 = 𝟑𝟑𝟖𝟗. 𝟏𝟏𝟐 𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝟑𝟑𝟖𝟗.𝟏𝟏𝟐 𝒎𝒎𝟐
∅ = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎 𝑵= 𝝅 = 𝟓. 𝟓𝟎𝟒 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔 = 𝟔 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔 = 𝟓 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔
𝟒
(𝟐𝟖𝟐 )
Problem Set 1
Problem 2
Determine the required steel reinforcement of a simple beam with a 200mm width and 350mm
effective depth to carry a DL=10kN/m (including self weight) and LL=10kN/m over a simple span of 4m.
f’c = 28MPa, fy= 275 Mpa. Use Ø=0.90 for flexure. At ultimate condition 1.2DL+1.6LL. Use 16mmØ bars.

Solution: 𝒌𝑵
𝒃 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎 𝑫𝑳 = 𝟏𝟎 (𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒍𝒖𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒇 𝒘𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕)
𝒎
Given: 𝑳𝑳 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝑵/𝒎
𝒅 = 𝟑𝟓𝟎𝒎𝒎
𝑨𝒔 =?
𝟒𝒎

𝑴𝒖
𝒇′ 𝒄 = 𝟐𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂 𝑹𝒏 = 𝑼 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝑫𝑳 + 𝟏. 𝟔𝑳𝑳
∅𝒃𝒅𝟐
𝒇𝒚 = 𝟐𝟕𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝑼 = 𝟏. 𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝒌𝑵/𝒎 + 𝟏. 𝟔 𝟏𝟎𝒌𝑵/𝒎
∅ = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎
𝒌𝑵
𝑼 = 𝟐𝟖
𝒎
𝑴𝒖 =? ?
Problem Set 1
Problem 2
Determine the required steel reinforcement of a simple beam with a 200mm width and 350mm
effective depth to carry a DL=10kN/m (including self weight) and LL=10kN/m over a simple span of 4m.
f’c = 28MPa, fy= 275 Mpa. Use Ø=0.90 for flexure. At ultimate condition 1.2DL+1.6LL. Use 16mmØ bars.
𝒌𝑵
Solution: 𝑼 = 𝟐𝟖
𝒎
𝒃 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎
Given:

𝒅 = 𝟑𝟓𝟎𝒎𝒎
𝟒𝒎
𝑨𝒔 =? 𝑹𝑨 𝑹𝑩

𝑽
′
𝒇 𝒄 = 𝟐𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝒇𝒚 = 𝟐𝟕𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝑴𝒖 = 𝟓𝟔 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
∅ = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎

𝑴
Problem Set 1
Problem 2
Determine the required steel reinforcement of a simple beam with a 200mm width and 350mm
effective depth to carry a DL=10kN/m (including self weight) and LL=10kN/m over a simple span of 4m.
f’c = 28MPa, fy= 275 Mpa. Use Ø=0.90 for flexure. At ultimate condition 1.2DL+1.6LL. Use 16mmØ bars.

Solution: 𝑴𝒖 = 𝟓𝟔 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎
𝒃 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎
Given:
𝑴𝒖 𝟓𝟔 𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟔
𝑹𝒏 = 𝑹𝒏 = = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟒𝟎
𝒅 = 𝟑𝟓𝟎𝒎𝒎 ∅𝒃𝒅𝟐 (𝟎. 𝟗𝟎)(𝟐𝟎𝟎)(𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟐 )
𝑨𝒔 =?

𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′ 𝒄 𝟐𝑹𝒏 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝟐𝟖 𝟐(𝟐. 𝟓𝟒𝟎)

𝝆= 𝟏− 𝟏− 𝝆= 𝟏− 𝟏−
𝒇𝒚 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′ 𝒄 (𝟐𝟕𝟓) 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟖)
𝒇′ 𝒄 = 𝟐𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝒇𝒚 = 𝟐𝟕𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂 𝝆 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟕𝟗
∅ = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎
𝟎.𝟖𝟓(𝟐𝟖) 𝟑
𝟎.𝟖𝟓𝒇′ 𝒄 𝟑 𝒅𝒕 𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟕𝟓𝟗
𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝜷𝟏 (𝟐𝟕𝟓) 𝟖
𝒇𝒚 𝟖 𝒅
Problem Set 1
Problem 2
Determine the required steel reinforcement of a simple beam with a 200mm width and 350mm
effective depth to carry a DL=10kN/m (including self weight) and LL=10kN/m over a simple span of 4m.
f’c = 28MPa, fy= 275 Mpa. Use Ø=0.90 for flexure. At ultimate condition 1.2DL+1.6LL. Use 16mmØ bars.

Solution: 𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟕𝟓𝟗

𝒃 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎 𝝆𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒅 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟕𝟗
Given:

𝒅 = 𝟑𝟓𝟎𝒎𝒎 𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 =
𝒇′ 𝒄
≥ 𝟏. 𝟒 𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟖𝟏 ≥ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟎𝟗
𝟒𝒇𝒚 𝒇𝒚
𝑨𝒔 =? 𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟎𝟗

𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 ≤ 𝝆 ≤ 𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝑨𝒔 = 𝝆𝒃𝒅 = (𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟕𝟗)(𝟐𝟎𝟎)(𝟑𝟓𝟎)
𝒇′ 𝒄 = 𝟐𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂 ok ok
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟎𝟗 ≤ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟕𝟗 ≤ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟕𝟓𝟗
𝑨𝒔 = 𝟔𝟖𝟓. 𝟑 𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝒇𝒚 = 𝟐𝟕𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆 𝒖𝒔𝒆: 𝝆 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟕𝟗
∅ = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎
𝟔𝟖𝟓.𝟑 𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝑵= 𝝅 = 𝟑. 𝟒𝟎𝟖 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔 = 𝟒 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔
𝟒
(𝟏𝟔𝟐 )
Do you have any questions?

25
 Homework/Practice No.1
Problem 1
A reinforced concrete beam has total depth limited to 500mm due to
architectural clear floor height requirement. Effective concrete cover is 65mm.
f’c = 28MPa and fy = 415MPa. Total factored moment is 260 kN.m

1. Determine the approximate required value of As if the architect also wishes

to have the smallest possible beam width. Design singly-reinforced, tension-
controlled section based on 2010 NSCP. Hint: To be able to have a smallest
beam width, the steel reinforcement should be maximized.

2. If the width is 350 mm, determine the maximum number of 25mmØ that can
be used for a tension-controlled, singly reinforced section based on 2010
NSCP.

26
 Homework/Practice No.1
Problem 2
Determine the required steel reinforcement of a simple beam with a 150mm width
and 400mm effective depth to carry a DL=30kN/m (including self weight) and
LL=5kN/m over a simple span of 8m. f’c = 30MPa, fy= 415 Mpa. Use Ø=0.90 for flexure.
At ultimate condition 1.2DL+1.6LL. Use 25mmØ bars.

Deadline: April 8, 2021 Thursday 5:30 pm

Take Note:
1. Please follow the solution format and also write the
problems.

2. File Name Format: SECTION_SURNAME_FIRSTNAME

Ex. 3CEA_PENETRANTE_KSHATRIYA

3. Save in PDF or JPEG Format (Unreadable and blurred

solution will be rejected and will be scored as 0).

4. I will announce where you can pass your homework.

5. Do your best to answer.

27
STUDY WELL!