PRINCIPLE OF REINFORCED/PRESTRESSED

Module: CONRETE

05 Analysis and Design

of Singly-Reinforced
Concrete Beam
PREPARED BY: FRANKLYN F. MANGGAPIS
MODULE 5: Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams
Textbook and Reference:

Design of Reinforced Concrete, 10th Edition, NSCP 2015 Volume 1, 7th

Jack C. McCormac and Russel H. Brown Edition, ASEP
MODULE 5: Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams
Learning Objectives

At the end of the discussion the students will be able to:

Understand the concept of singly-reinforced concrete beam
0
1
0Learn the procedures of analysis and design of singly-reinforced
1concrete beam in accordance with NSCP 2015

Evaluate and solve problems regarding singly-reinforced

concrete beam
MODULE 5: Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams
Discussion of first learning objectives

Understanding the concept

of Singly-Reinforced
Concrete Beam
MODULE 5: Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams
Understanding the concept

Uncracked Cracked Ultimate

Concrete Stage Concrete Stage Strength Stage

𝒇𝒄 = 𝒇𝒕 𝒇𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟓𝒇𝒄 ′ 𝒇𝒄 > 𝟎. 𝟒𝟓𝒇𝒄 ′

Maximum bending
stress @ compression
Compression extreme fiber Compression
Compression Zone Zone
Zone N.A N.A
N.A
Tension Zone Tension Zone Tension Zone
𝒇𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝒇𝒚 𝒇𝒔 > 𝟎. 𝟓𝒇𝒚
Maximum tensile stress
of reinforcement steel

𝒇𝒕 < 𝒇𝒓 𝒇𝒕 ≥ 𝒇𝒓 𝒇𝒕 ≥ 𝒇𝒓
If the load in the concrete beam increases until it
Singly or Doubly exceeds the allowable bending stress of 𝟎. 𝟒𝟓𝒇𝒄 ′ ,
and the maximum tensile stress of reinforcing steel
Reinforced Concrete of 𝟎. 𝟓𝒇𝒚 then, the ultimate strength stage occurs.
The ultimate-strength stage – Stress Diagram
0.85 𝑓𝑐 ′

N.A
𝑑
The stress distribution of ultimate
strength design, since this is too
complicated for analysis, Sir
Charles Whitney in 1937
proposed a simplified method.

Stress Diagram Whitney Rectangular

Stress Distribution
𝑏
MODULE 5: Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams
Understanding the concept

The ultimate-strength stage – Stress Diagram

0.85 𝑓𝑐 ′

𝑎
𝑐 𝑪 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇𝒄′ 𝒂𝒃

N.A
𝑑 Moment Capacity of the Section:
𝑎
𝑑−𝑐 𝑑− 𝒂 𝒂
2 𝑴𝑵 = 𝑻 𝒅 − = 𝑨𝒔𝒇𝒔 𝒅 −
𝟐 𝟐
𝒂 𝒂
𝑴𝒄 = 𝑪 𝒅 − = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇𝒄′ 𝒂𝒃 𝒅 −
𝑓𝑠
𝑻 = 𝑨𝒔𝒇𝒔 𝟐 𝟐

Whitney Rectangular
Stress Distribution
𝑏
MODULE 5: Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams
Understanding the concept

The ultimate-strength stage – Strain Diagram

𝝐𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑

N.A

𝑑−𝑐

𝝐𝒔
Strain Diagram
𝑏
MODULE 5: Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams
Understanding the concept

Modes of Design
𝝐𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑 Balanced Design

• Both steel and concrete fails at the

𝑐
same time
• 𝜖𝑐 = 0.003

• 𝜖𝑠 = 𝜖𝑦 ≈ 0.002 (Balanced Condition)

𝑑 N.A
• 𝑓𝑦 = 𝑓𝑠 = 𝜖𝑡 𝐸𝑠 means steel yields

𝑑−𝑐

𝒇𝒚
𝝐𝒔 = ≈ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐
𝑬𝒔
𝑏 Strain Diagram
MODULE 5: Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams
Understanding the concept

Modes of Design
𝝐𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑 Over-Reinforced Design

• Compression-controlled design

𝑐 • Concrete will fail first

• Steel does not yield

𝑑
N.A
𝑑−𝑐

𝒇𝒚
𝝐𝒔 <
𝑬𝒔
𝑏 Strain Diagram
MODULE 5: Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams
Understanding the concept

Modes of Design
𝝐𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑

𝑐
N.A

𝑑−𝑐

𝝐𝒔𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟒

𝑏 Strain Diagram
MODULE 5: Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams
Understanding the concept

Modes of Design
𝝐𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑 Under-Reinforced Design

• Tension-controlled design
𝑐
• Steel will fail first
N.A

𝑑 • 𝑓𝑦 = 𝑓𝑠 = 𝜖𝑡 𝐸𝑠 means steel yields

𝑑−𝑐

𝝐𝒔 ≥ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓

𝑏 Strain Diagram
MODULE 5: Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams
Understanding the concept

How to determine if the section is singly-reinforced or not?

𝑐
1. fy = fs = ϵt Es means steel
yields
N.A

𝑑 2. We’re going to check its

strain or check the steel
𝑑−𝑐
ratio

𝑏
MODULE 5: Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams
Learning Objectives

At the end of the discussion the students will be able to:

✓ 0
Understand the concept of singly-reinforced concrete beam

1
0Learn the procedures of analysis and design of singly-reinforced
1concrete beam in accordance with NSCP 2015

Evaluate and solve problems regarding singly-reinforced

concrete beam
MODULE 5: Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams
Discussion of second learning objectives

Procedures in Analyzing and

Designing Singly Reinforced
Beam
MODULE 5: Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams
Procedures in Accordance with NSCP 2015

Procedures in Analysis of Singly-Reinforced Concrete Beam

1. Solve for the value of steel ratio 𝜌 and maximum steel ratio 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥

𝐴𝑠 0.85𝛽1 𝑓𝑐 ′ 3 𝑑
𝜌= 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑦 7 𝑑𝑡

2. Check if SRB or DRB

If 𝜌 ≤ 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 , SRB → Proceed to Step #3
If 𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 , DRB → Use DRB analysis
MODULE 5: Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams
Procedures in Accordance with NSCP 2015

Procedures in Analysis of Singly-Reinforced Concrete Beam

3. Determine the depth of the compression block (𝑎) using the equilibrium state
of the section
𝑎
𝐶 = 𝑇 , to find 𝑎 , then determine 𝑐 = where 𝛽1 depends on the given
𝛽1
compressive strength as specified in NSCP 2015 Table 422.2.2.4.3
MODULE 5: Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams
Procedures in Accordance with NSCP 2015

Procedures in Analysis of Singly-Reinforced Concrete Beam

4. Check if the steel yields

600 𝑑−𝑐
𝑓𝑠 = then compare it to the given 𝑓𝑦
𝑐

If 𝑓𝑠 ≥ 𝑓𝑦 , then the steel yields → use the value of 𝑓𝑦 and accept the value of 𝑎
proceed to step #5
If 𝑓𝑠 < 𝑓𝑦 , then the steel does not yield → use now the value of computed 𝑓𝑠 , then
recompute the value of 𝑎 as specified in step #3
MODULE 5: Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams
Procedures in Accordance with NSCP 2015

Procedures in Analysis of Singly-Reinforced Concrete Beam

5. Solve for the value of Nominal Moment Capacity, 𝑀𝑁

𝑎 𝑎
𝑀𝑁 = 𝑇 𝑑 − 𝑜𝑟 𝐶 𝑑 −
2 2
6. Solve for the value of Ultimate Moment Capacity, 𝑀𝑢
𝑀𝑢 = ∅𝑀𝑁 , where ∅ is the reduction factor that can be found in NSCP 2015
MODULE 5: Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams
Procedures in Accordance with NSCP 2015

Procedures in Analysis of Singly-Reinforced Concrete Beam

MODULE 5: Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams
Learning Objectives

At the end of the discussion the students will be able to:

✓ 0
Understand the concept of singly-reinforced concrete beam

✓
1
0Learn the procedures of analysis and design of singly-reinforced
1concrete beam in accordance with NSCP 2015

Evaluate and solve problems regarding singly-reinforced

concrete beam
MODULE 5: Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams
Discussion of Third learning objectives

Singly-RC beams
Problems
MODULE 5: Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams
Discussion of Third learning objectives

Analysis
MODULE 5: Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams
Analysis of Singly-Reinforced Concrete Beam Problems

Problem #1
Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams
Analysis of Singly-Reinforced Concrete Beam Problems

Problem #3
MODULE 5: Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams
Analysis of Singly-Reinforced Concrete Beam Problems

Problem #2
MODULE 5: Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams
Procedures in Accordance with NSCP 2015

Procedures in Design of Singly-Reinforced Concrete Beam

1. Solve for the value of coefficient of resisting moment 𝑅𝑛

𝑀𝑢 Note: Use ∅ = 0.90 for tensioned
𝑅𝑛 = 2 controlled section (Assumption
∅𝑏𝑑 and will verify later).

2. Solve for the value of steel ratio (𝜌), maximum steel ratio (𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 ), and minimum
steel ratio, (𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 )

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑅𝑛 0.85𝛽1 𝑓𝑐 ′ 3 𝑑

𝜌= 1− 1− 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑓𝑦 7 𝑑𝑡
MODULE 5: Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams
Procedures in Accordance with NSCP 2015

Procedures in Design of Singly-Reinforced Concrete Beam

3. Check if SRB or DRB

If 𝜌 ≤ 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 , SRB → Proceed to Step #4
If 𝜌 > 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 , DRB → Use DRB design procedure
4. Solve for the area of steel, 𝐴𝑠
𝐴𝑠
𝜌=
𝑏𝑑
5. Compute for the value of 𝑎 and 𝑐
MODULE 5: Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams
Procedures in Accordance with NSCP 2015

Procedures in Design of Singly-Reinforced Concrete Beam

6. Check if tensioned-controlled,
If Tensioned Controlled, SRB → Proceed to Step #7
If Compression Controlled, DRB → Proceed to DRB design procedure
7. Solve for the number of bars
MODULE 5: Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams
Discussion of Third learning objectives

DESIGN
MODULE 5: Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams
Design of Singly-Reinforced Concrete Beam Problems

Problem #1
MODULE 5: Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams
Design of Singly-Reinforced Concrete Beam Problems

Problem #2
The beam section is b = 300 mm, h = 450 mm. Effective depth is 380 mm. Compressive strength of 30 MPa,
and the steel yield strength of 415 MPa. The beam is simply supported on a span of 5 meters and carries the
following loads:
Superimposed dead load = 16 kN/m
Unit weight of concrete = 23.6 kN/m3
Live load = 14 kN/m

Using NSCP 2015, determine the following:

a. What is the maximum moment at the ultimate condition?
b. What is the area of steel required as tension steel reinforcement?
c. Find the number of 16 mm diameter bars required for steel reinforcement at tension side only?
MODULE 5: Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams
Learning Objectives

At the end of the discussion the students will be able to:

✓ 0
Understand the concept of singly-reinforced concrete beam

✓
1
0Learn the procedures of analysis and design of singly-reinforced
1concrete beam in accordance with NSCP 2015

✓ Evaluate and solve problems regarding singly-reinforced

concrete beam
MODULE 5: Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams

ANY QUESTION?
MODULE 5: Analysis and Design of Singly RC Beams

THANK YOU!