SEMM1113

SOLID MECHANICS

DR. MUHAMMAD ASYRAF BIN MUHAMMAD RIZAL

Department of Applied Mechanics and Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
Room: C25-322
Email: muhammadasyraf.mr@utm.my / m.asyraf@mail.fkm.utm.my
Chapter 2 – Stress &
Strain
Mechanics of Solids I (SEMM 1113)
Lesson 2 – Strain
Learning Outcomes

Define normal and shear strain

quantities

Determine normal and shear strain

in engineering applications

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Deformation
Fig.1

• Deformation is the change in

solid body’s shape and size when
force is applied to it.
• The change can be visible or
unnoticeable.
• Change in temperature can also
caused deformation.
• A typical example is the thermal
Note the before and after positions of three
expansion or contraction of a different line segments on this rubber
roof caused by the weather. membrane which is subjected to tension.

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Strain
• In a nutshell -
strain is defined as the
change in dimensions
of a material (based
on the original
dimensions) as a result
of an applied stress.

Damontallen, CC BY-SA 4.0

<https://creativecommons.org/lice Fig.2
nses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia
Commons

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Strain
• If a body is deformed and we
measure the dimension of the L
deformed body (e.g. its 2L

elongation) this a geometry- ∆L

dependent quantity.
F 2∆L
• We want to get away from this!

Fig.3 F

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Normal Strain
• If an axial load P is applied to the bar in Fig.4, it will
change the bar’s length L0 to a length L.
• We will define the average normal strain (epsilon) of the
bar as the change in its length (delta) = L - L0 divided by
its original length, that is

Dimensionless quantity
Fig.4

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 Normal
Strain

Tensile ∆𝑙 ∆𝑙 Compressive

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Example C2.6
If the force P causes the rigid arm ABC
to rotate clockwise about pin A
through an angle of 0.02°, determine
the normal strain in wires BD and CE. Fig.6

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Shear strain
• If we select two line segments that are originally
perpendicular to one another, then the change in angle
that occurs between them is referred to as shear strain.
• This angle is denoted by (gamma) and is always
measured in radians (rad).
Fig.8

Undeformed body Deformed body Deformed body

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Shear strain
Δ𝑙

𝑙
or
𝜃

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C2.7
The rectangular plate is
deformed into the shape
shown by the dashed lines.
Determine the average
normal strain along diagonal
BD, and the average shear
strain at corner B relative to
the x, y axes.

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Example C2.7 (cont.)

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Excerpt from (© Russell C. Hibbeler)
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