HILONGOS NATIONAL VOCATIONAL SCHOOL

HILONGOS, LEYTE

LECTURE MATERIAL 1

States of Matter

1. Solid – have definite shape and volume. The particles are tightly packed together;

solids are almost incompressible. Solids have high densities and expand only when

heated.

2. Liquid – have no definite shape but has definite volume. The particles in liquid are

close with one another, but not as close as those in a solid. They generally have

medium densities and tend to expand slightly when heated.

3. Gas – like liquids, take the shape of their container. However, they have no definite

volume. The particles are much farther apart than those in a liquid. They have low

densities and they greatly expand when heated.

4. Plasma – formed by heating and ionizing a gas. They are usually made up of groups

of negatively and positively charged particles. They have neither a definite volume

nor a definite shape.

5. Bose-Einstein Condensate – produced when a cloud of bosons (a type of elementary

particle of matter) is cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero such that a

large fraction of the bosons condense. This state of matter includes clod liquid helium

and superconductors like nucleons inside a neutron star.

 Properties of Matter

 Physical Properties – one that can be observed without changing the composition

of a substance. Physical properties include (but are not limited to): phase, color,

solubility, density, melting and boiling points, volatility, viscosity, and

conductivity.

 Chemical Properties – are characteristics that can be observed with an

accompanying change in the chemical composition of a substance. Chemical

properties include (but are not limited to): flammability and chemical reactivity.

 Extensive Properties – also known as “Extrinsic Properties” include mass,

length, volume and size. This type of property depend on the amount of matter.

 Intensive Properties – also known as “Intrinsic Properties” include, density,

color, physical state, melting, boiling, and freezing points. This type of property

depend on the type of matter.

Classifications of Matter

Matter

Pure Substances Mixtures

Elements Compounds Homogenous Heterogenous

 Measurements

Fundamental SI Units
Quantity Unit Symbol
Length Meter m
Mass Kilogram kg
Time Second s
Electric Current Ampere A
Temperature Kelvin K
Amount of Matter Mole mol
Luminosity Candela cd

Metric and English Conversion

Quantity Metric English Conversion
1 lb = 454 g
Mass g, kg lb, oz 1 kg = 2.2 lb
1 oz = 28.35 g
1 in = 2.54 cm.
1 m = 39.37 in
Length cm, m, km in, ft, mi 1 ft = 12 in
1 mi = 1.609 km
1 km = 0.62137 mi
1 qt = 946 mL
1 L = 1.057 qt
1 L = 2.12 pints
qt, pints, cups, tsp, 1 L = 4.23 cups
Volume mL, L
tbsp., fl oz, gal 1 tsp = 4.93 mL
1 tbsp = 14.79 mL
1 fl oz = 29. 6 mL
1 gal = 3.79 L
 Metric Prefixes and their Equivalents
Prefix Symbol Multiplying Factor
Exa- E 1018
Peta- P 1015
Tera- T 1012
Giga- G 109
Mega- M 106
Kilo K 103
Hecto- h 102
Deca- da 10
Deci- d 10-1
Centi- c 10-2
Milli- m 10-3
Micro- µ 10-6
Nano- n 10-9
Pico- p 10-12
Femto- f 10-15
Atto- a 10-18