Unit 3 - Land-Based Empires 1450-1750
(use presentations and all unit 3 chapters in the AMSCO)
Political / Military
● HOW did rulers legitimize and
consolidate power?
● Include any special military
units and use of bureaucratic
elites.
Expansion
● What methods did this empire
utilize to expand their empire?
Resistance & Rivalries
● Did they encounter internal
rebellions? External conflicts?
Qing Dynasty China
Location: China
To consolidate the empire,
the Kangxi Emperor
personally led China on a
series of military campaigns
against Tibet, the Dzungars,
and later Russia. He
arranged the marriage of his
daughter to the Mongol
Khan Gordhan to avoid a
military conflict.
Through the use of
advanced warfare tactics
and advancements in
weaponry the Qin dynasty
was able to successfully
expand its control and unify
its empire. They
implemented advanced
military techniques and
strategies, using it's direct
control over the workforce
and clear chain of
command.
The main internal causes of
the fall of the Qing Dynasty
Russian Empire
Location: Russia
Lenin promised the people of
Russia 'Peace, Land and
Bread'. Almost immediately
after coming power, Lenin
signed the 'Decree on Land'
which abolished private
property and distributed the
land among the peasants.
Principal methods of state
expansion included military
conquest, frontier settlement,
and expansion into territories
not under effective jurisdiction
by other states, and alliances
and diplomatic deals with
local ruling elites, who
became clients or subjects of
Russia.
They have fought three major Japan and many Japanese
wars, two of them being World under the Tokugawa
Tokugawa Japan
Location: Japan
In order to legitimize their
rule and to maintain stability,
the shoguns espoused a
Neo-Confucian ideology that
reinforced the social
hierarchy placing warrior,
peasant, artisan, and
merchant in descending
order.
In addition to an emphasis
on agricultural production
(including the staple crop of
rice as well as sesame oil,
indigo, sugar cane, mulberry,
tobacco and cotton), Japan's
commerce and
manufacturing industries
also expanded, leading to the
rise of an increasingly
wealthy merchant class
 were political corruption,
peasant unrest, and
governmental
incompetence. Some
external causes included
pressure from Western
powers and the
developments in ships and
guns.
Wars. The Russian Empire shogunate suffered from
fought wars against France economic impoverishment,
four times (the 1805-1807 War, political corruption and rigid
the War of 1812, and the class structures.
Crimean War). Russia and the
Soviet Union also fought four
wars against Japan, and three
times participated in military
conflicts with China.

Religion / Culture Prince Vladimir I, who was The dominant religion in

(pgs. 167-173)
● HOW was religion used to maintain
●
and legitimize political authority?
How was the use of this
religion/belief a continuity from
previous periods?
Confucianism was the major converted by missionaries Tokugawa Japan was
philosophy at the time. It from Byzantium, adopted Buddhism.
was not really used to Christianity as the official
legitimize the authority but religion for Russia, and for
to reinforce the old nearly 1,000 years thereafter
traditions. It was a the Russian Orthodox church
continuity because it kept was the country's dominant
old traditions. religious institution.

Economics Farming Economy with
(pgs. 155-163)
Be sure to include methods of tax Proliferation of Markets China's
collection, if applicable economy during the Qing dynasty
was still largely a farming
economy. Eighty percent of the
population lived in the countryside
at the end of the Qing dynasty.
The empire had a The early economy was
predominantly agricultural based on agriculture, with
economy, with low rice as the measured unit of
productivity on large estates wealth.
worked by Russian peasants,
known as serfs, who were tied
to the land in a feudal
arrangement.

Social Structure & The role of women during The public sphere belonged to Women were in all ways
Gender Roles the Qing Dynasty was men, and the private one subordinate to men. Women
limited to inside the home. belonged to women. As a began to be classified under

Decline of Empire
How and why did this empire
collapse? Be SPECIFIC.
Often women were
responsible for educating
their children in math and
literature. They were also to
obey their husbands and be
seen as property. A woman
could expect to be one of
several wives or
concubines.
After more than a century of
Western humiliation and
harassment, the Qing
dynasty collapsed in the
early 1900s. Internal
changes played a major role
in the downfall of the Qing
dynasty, including:
corruption, peasant unrest,
ruler incompetence, and
population growth which led
to food shortages and
regular famine.
result, women were supposed
to be wives, mothers, or
hostesses.
During the Russian Revolution
of 1917, Bolshevik
revolutionaries toppled the
monarchy, ending the
Romanov dynasty. Czar
Nicholas II and his entire
family—including his young
children—were later executed
by Bolshevik troops.
men during the Tokugawa
period. Even though a
woman may be married to a
man of higher social order,
her position and ruling did
not change based on her
new status, but by her
gender as a female in
Japanese society.
The final collapse of the
Shogunate was brought
about by the alliance of
Satsuma and Choshu.In
January 1868, they attempted
a coup d'etat to overthrow
the newly throned Shogun
Tokugawa Keiki. After a
short period of fighting,
Emperor Meiji took supreme
control of the country.