RESIDENTS’ FEEDBACK IN THE IMPLEMENTATION ON MINIMUM HEALTH

STANDARD/PROTOCOL AND PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY POLICE PERSONNEL

A Research Proposal 
Presented to the Faculty of 
College Criminal Justice 
Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Colleges 
General Santos City

In Partial Fulfilment
of the Requirements in
Criminological Research and Statistics

Cryzel D. Estosos
Peter Rainier P. Ferrer
December 2020
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Content Page

Title Page i

Approval Sheet ii

Acknowledgement iii

Table of contents iv

List of Figures vii

List of Tables                                                                                     viii

Dedication                                                                                          ix

Abstract                                                                                              x

Chapter

1        THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Background of the study                                                           1

Statement of the problem                                                          4

Theoretical framework                                                               5

Conceptual framework                                                               6

Scope and limitation of the study                                               7

Significance of the study                                                            7

Definition of terms                                                                      7

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE                                      9

3 METHODOLOGY                                                                       28

Research design                                                                         28

Locale of the Study                                                                    28

Research Instrument                                                                 28

Respondents and Sampling Used                                             29

 Data Gathering Procedure                                                         29

Statistical Treatment of Data                                                      30

Ethical Considerations                                                                30

4 PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

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 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTINGS

Background of the study

A health standard / protocol is also called a medical guideline, is a set of instructions which

describe a process to be followed to investigate a particular set of findings in a patient, or the method

which should be followed to control a certain disease. Basically, a protocol is a document that's

developed to guide decision-making around specific issues, whether it be how to diagnose, treat and

care for someone with a specific condition, what procedures to follow to halt the spread of infection, or

how to report that a specific event has taken place.

According to the United States Department of Labor, steps to protect workers from exposure to

and infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19),

depend on the type of work being done and the risk of exposure, including the potential for contact

with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 individuals and work environment contamination. Employers

should adjust infection management methods based on a comprehensive risk evaluation, using

acceptable combinations of engineering and administrative controls, safe work practices, and

personal protective equipment (PPE) to prevent worker exposures. Some OSHA standards that apply

to preventing occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 also require employers to train workers on

elements of infection

OSHA has established this interim guideline to help avoid exposure of workers to SARS-CoV-2.

The general guidelines below apply to all U.S. employees and employers. Depending on where their

operations fall within the OSHA Exposure Risk Pyramid (Spanish), staff and employers should also

consult additional, detailed guidelines for those at elevated risk of exposure in the course of their work

duties broken down by exposure risk level.

 The Japanese Ministry of Health provided recommendations for people who believe they have

been contaminated with COVID-19, as officials said 99 more on the Diamond Princess cruise ship,

including 43 Japanese residents, had tested positive. The newly found citizens increased the overall

toll from the vessel to 454. A total of 3,711 passengers and crew were initially on board the liner, but

the total fell to around 3,100 as many elderly people were allowed to disembark and others were

transferred to the hospital on land. Meanwhile, many public events have been scrapped or scaled

down due to fears of an epidemic. The government issued the guidelines — which cover issues like

when to get checked at a hospital — after experts said the coronavirus outbreak in Japan had entered

a new phase, spreading among residents not directly linked to China. Medical workers are concerned

that large numbers of people suffering from cold-like symptoms, whether or not they are infected with

the coronavirus, will flood hospitals and strain resources (Satoshi Sugiyama 2020).

Despite a substantial increase in coronavirus disease in 2019 (Covid-19) cases in that city, the

Department of Health in Region 7 (DOH-7) has observed a low positive rate in Central Visayas as 27

additional recoveries have been recorded in the region.

Dr. Jaime Bernadas, DOH-7 Leader, said on Sunday that of the 2,517 individuals who submitted

their swab specimen for reverse transcription chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing, only 62 tested positive,

showing a positive rate of 2.5.

He said that 54 of the 62 test results were from the Cebu TB Reference Laboratory for Covid-19

Research (CTRL) DOH-7, five from the Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center-Subnational

Laboratory (VSMMC-SNL), two from the Negros Oriental Provincial Molecular Laboratory and one

from Chong Hua, a private hospital in that city.

The DOH-7 Leader noted a low positivity rate in the CTRL molecular laboratory as it found only

54 new cases out of 1,565 swab specimens tested; five out of 597 in the VSMMC-SNL; two out of 14

in the NOPHML; and one out of 71 in the Chong Hua Hospital.

Bernadas also said that out of nine DOH-accredited testing laboratories in Central Visayas that

conducted RT-PCR testing on Sunday, only four centers found new positive results. The remaining
five testing centers — Prima Care Alpha Covid-19 Testing Laboratory, University of Cebu Medical

Center, Cebu Doctors University Hospital in Cebu, and the Gov. Celestino Gallares Memorial Hospital

and Bohol Containerized PCR Laboratory in Tagbilaran City — submitted swab specimens but all

tested negative for Covid-19. Meanwhile, because of the 27 new recoveries, the number of individuals

healed from Covid-19 in the region is now 21,034 or 88.6 percent of the total number of cases

recorded. The DOH-7 said 18 of the 27 new recoveries are from Bohol, six from Cebu province, two

from this capital city, and one from Mandaue City. On Sunday, the DOH-7 recorded 62 new

coronavirus disease cases in the region — 22 from Cebu City, 16 from Cebu City, 14 from Negros

Oriental, eight from Mandaue City, and two from Lapu-Lapu City. (PNA)

Statement of the Problem

1. What are the common feedbacks of resident’s on police implementation of the minimum health

standard/protocol?

2. What are the common problems encountered by the police personnel on implementing

minimum health standard/protocol?

3. What intervention program can be proposed from the result of the study?

Hypothesis

There is no significant relationship between the level of resident’s feedback on police personnel’s

implementation on minimum health standard/protocol and problems encountered by police personnel.

Theoretical Framework

As previous cataclysmic events have demonstrated, significant changes in perspective and

behavior ultimately arise from collective events. The 1918 global flu outbreak helped to establish

national health systems in many European countries. The twinning crisis of the Great Depression and

the Second World War set the stage for the new welfare state (Baker 2020). Yet there are changes in
government policy and social safety nets. In this context, we want to postulate how consumer

behavior can be affected.

Terms of COVID-19, or the novel coronavirus-19, the general population of each country

responded within approximately two weeks of becoming aware of the existence of the virus in their

country, in order to begin a stock-up mentality. When this preparedness mindset began, the following

categories became a priority: medical supplies, alcohol rubbing, antibacterial wipes, first aid kits,

antiseptics, cold and flu remedies, and cough remedies (Nielsen 2020). And a lot of customers feeling

"caught off guard," It could be seen as a precursor to products that will be kept ready for supply by the

population in the future. As the population fulfilled emergency health supplies, purchasing habits

shifted to stock-up shops. The following groups have seen the biggest market gains: condensed milk,

dried beans, canned meat, chickpeas, rice, tuna, black beans, biscuit mixture, water and pasta

(Ibid).           

   

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework of the study illustrates the independent variable and dependent

variable of the study. Residents' feedback on police personnel’s implementation on minimum health

standard/protocol serve as the independent variable of the study while problems encountered by

police personnel is the dependent variable and the arrow line signifies between two variables.

Independent Variable                                          Dependent Variable

        Resident’s feedback in the

implementation of Problems encountered by
minimum health the police personnel
standard/protocol
  Figure 1: Conceptual Framework of the study

Significance of the Study

The importance of this study is to determine the outcome of health standard/protocol in the

community if the people of the city are cooperating with police personnel’s implementation. 

Benefiting the study are the various sectors as follows:

People in the current city for them to realize that the health standard / protocol is important in our

country to lessen the cases of this so-called Corona Virus/ Covid-19.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study was delimited to the respondents and the police personnel’s implementation about the

health standard / protocol. The respondents of this study only involve the people who live in Alabel

Sarangani.

Definition of Terms

For clarity and specificity of this study, the following terms were defined operationally:

Resident’s feedback on police personnel’s implementation of minimum health

standard/protocol - It refers to information about reactions to a product, a person's performance of a

task, etc. which is used as a basis for improvements in health standard/protocol.

 Problems encountered by the police personnel - it refers to a matter or situation regarded

as unwelcome or harmful and needing to be dealt with and overcome by police personnel.

Operationally, it refers to the situations wherein, the police personnel find it difficult to handle because

of its sudden impact to the law enforces or the situations require new approaches because they are

not familiar to the law enforces.

CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter discusses the related literature and studies which are useful and necessary for

this research and intensive undertakings.

Health (Foreign)

Public Health Emergency Operations Centers (PHEOCs) operate to organize information and

resources to manage responses to public health disasters or emergencies. Emergency Operations

Centers (EOCs) are used in a number of emergencies, including natural disasters; foodborne disease

outbreaks; radio-nuclear events; bioterrorism; environmental incidents; public gatherings;

blackouts; humanitarian emergencies; and outbreaks of disease or pandemics. They are employed at

a number of jurisdictional levels, ranging from field EOCs to local, state, national or international

EOCs. Good communication and coordination within and between the EOCs and the responding

agencies are essential to the successful management of an emergency. The structure and role of the

EOCs varies across countries and organizations; they have different capacities and resources and

use different personnel, terminology, procedures and equipment. These variations pose significant

challenges to interoperability, which are important for successful communication between the

EOCs and the responding agencies. The WHO Department of Global Power, Warning and Response

(GCR) developed the Public Health Emergency Operations Center Network (EOC-NET)2 in 2012.

EOC-NET exists to assist Member States by improving their capacity to respond effectively to 

public health crises, in accordance with the criteria of the 2005 International Health Regulations

(WHO, 2015).
 In December 2013, the WHO carried out a comprehensive review of the Public Health Emergency

Operations Centers in partnership with Emory University. This analysis reported best practices and

obstacles to the establishment and use of EOCs for successful response to public health

emergencies. This analysis was accompanied by four more focused analyses exploring key

elements of the EOCs: communication technology and infrastructure, minimum data sets and

requirements, plans and procedures, and training and exercises. The results of all five reviews will be

used to guide the creation of a range of guidance tools and recommendations for PHEOCs (WHO

2015).

The present study offers a summary of the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19),

which has spread rapidly across the world over a limited period of time. COVID-19 is a highly

infectious respiratory disease caused by a new coronavirus calledSARS-CoV-2 (severe acute

respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2). SARS-CoV-2 varies from the normal corona viruses responsible

for mild disease, such as common human cold. It is important to consider the effect and result of the

pandemic. We therefore take stock of the changes in the curves of the reported cases of COVID-19

and the fatality rate in China and outside of China from 31 December 2019 to 25 March 2020. We

also tried to determine the temporal trends and death rates of COVID-19 in China and around the

world. More than 414,179 confirmed cases of COVID-19 have been registered in 197 countries,

including 81,848 in China and 332,331 outside China. In addition, 18,440 infected patients died from

infection with COVID-19; 3,287 cases. Were from China and 15,153 fatalities were reported

worldwide. Among the worldwide infected cases, 113,802 patients have been recovered and

discharged from different hospitals. Effective prevention and control measures should be taken to

control the disease. The presented Chinese model (protocol) of disease prevention and control could

be utilized in order to curb the pandemic situation (S. Baloch, M. Baloch, T. Zheng, X. Pei 2020).

Local

However, since the adoption of the Millennium Declaration, health has been a priority of the

Philippine Development Agenda. Among the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), there are

three health-specific priorities – child health, maternal health and the war against HIV/AIDS, malaria
and other diseases. In addition, the poverty reduction target incorporates nutrition goals that have a

direct effect on health; and three other priorities discuss the social aspects that are key to improving

health—education, gender equity, and environmental sustainability. Due to weak progress in

achieving some of the above objectives, they remain important in the Philippines beyond 2016. The

articulation of the health priorities for 2016 and beyond must also take into account both the emerging

and the pervasive the country's health problems. These include growing prevalence of non-

communicable diseases (NCDs) and accidents, and rising health care inequities and outcomes.

Recognizing that many nations have not accomplished the MDGs and that other critical health

problems have arisen, the Member States of the United Nations adopted the Sustainable

Development Goals (SDGs) to replace the MDGs in September 2015 the same 195 countries that

weighed in on the MDGs committed to achieving the SDGs between 2016 and 2030 (Cabral 2016).

According to the World Health Organization (2012), the most significant health issue in the

Philippines is inequity in health status and access to services. Population surveys, special studies and

regular data collection consistently indicate negative views of the level of treatment in

public/government health care facilities, a lack of knowledge of programs and available benefits

packages. While PhilHealth, the country's national health insurance program, is regulated by the

National Health Insurance Act of 1995 or the Republic Act 7875, replaced the Medicare Act of 1969

after two years of high enrolment in 2004 and 2006, the new payment scheme does not provide

Participants with adequate financial security. Starting in 2000, health system reforms appeared to

have little or no effect on a healthcare network controlled by high-end, non-profit private institutions.

As a result, adverse health outcomes for the lowest income groups and geographic areas continue.

The prolonged inequity in results can be traced back to the historical pattern of inadequate basic

health services at primary and secondary level of treatment. Despite the substantial progress made in

the Philippine health system, successive changes have failed to resolve adequately the chronic

inequity problem (Department of Health [DOH]) of the Philippine Health System at a glance. Such

reforms do not guarantee change, external change can only be a short-term solution to a deeper

problem that needs to be healed or at least dealt with first before planning and implementation, thus
saying, 'prevention is better than cure,' stop treating symptoms and go straight to the root cause

of the problem (Guerrero, 2017).

Foreign Police Problems

Law enforcement officers continue to operate on the front lines as mental health interventionists

and as such have undergone a wave of first generation" reform designed to improve their capacity to

respond to crises. However, this emphasis on crisis intervention has not responded to recent

demands to step "upstream" and improve early intervention in the name of long-term recovery. This

paper reports on the results of an action research project in Philadelphia aimed at exploring

possibilities for enhanced upstream participation. Research approaches include spatial analysis of

eight-year police transport (2004–2011) and qualitative data from twenty-three "framing

conversations" with collaborators and other stakeholders, seven focus groups with police and

outreach staff, five primary informant interviews, as well as a document analysis of the Philadelphia

service delivery system. Recommendations include the need to shift from focusing on what the police

can do to a greater view of city agencies and business partners who can affect marginalized residents

and vulnerable urban areas. We argue for the need to establish common values and rules of

engagement that explain responsibilities and determine how best to enlist city resources in a variety

of circumstances. Since the problems of mental health, drug use and disorder are so closely related,

we emphasize the importance of developing a data-driven approach to crime and disorder reduction

in areas of the city that we call "hotspots of vulnerability." In line with the philosophy of rehabilitation,

such an approach should minimize the opportunities for anti-social behavior among "dually labeled" in

a manner consistent with "procedural justice." Furthermore, crime and disorder data flowing from

police and security to mental health analysts could lead to more oriented case management of

"repeat users" between the two systems. Our core point is that a twin focus on "case management"

and "place management" will provide the foundations needed to step upstream and improve

approaches along a spectrum of engagement (Elsevier, 2014). 

With the criminal justice system vulnerable to the rapid spread of COVID-19, keeping the status

does mean placing the lives of those associated with the system at risk. Many officials and advocates
rightly focused on the need to immediately reduce prison and prison populations, particularly because

the lack of proper medical care, insanity, and overcrowding, among other barriers, combine to create

conditions where corona virus can spread precipitously. Cook County prison in Chicago, for example,

currently has the largest cluster of COVID-19 cases in the world. Policy analysts and advocates have

given advice on how to reduce the jail and prison population efficiently and expeditiously, and

governors in Illinois and Kentucky have taken initial steps. Federal funds may also be available to do

this as Congress included $850 million in the CARES Act to prevent and respond to coronavirus (Ed

Chung, B. Pearl, and L. Hunter, April 14, 2020)

The Miami Police Department has started to restrict entry to its buildings by screening visitors and

staff for coronavirus symptoms. Before entering the house, guests and staff are asked a few

questions about whether they have a cough or fever. Then they're given a test to see what their

temperature is, and they're given a band to show they've passed the test. The law also extends to all

officers who go on patrol. Roll calls are also being made in the sector, and fever tests are being

carried out at the beginning of their shift, in the middle of their shift, and at the end of their shift. Miami

Police Chief Jorge Colina said they're doing all they can to keep their officers and the public safe and

sound. "Last week, we started to screen our employees when they get to work, just as we screened

you guys today, and you got your little band, we change color every day. The idea is that we want our

workers to feel like it's healthy to be around other employees," Colina said. "We want the general

public, if they see an officer coming up and seeing them with a band, to know that they've been

cleared just to help ease the anxiety (Reporter A. Browning 2020)

The police here are putting fewer people behind bars to try to minimize the possible exposure of

officers and prisoners to the latest coronavirus. For more than a week, Rockford police officers and

Winnebago County Sheriff's deputies have given notices to people to appear in court for

misdemeanor criminal charges rather than to be taken to jail. Just a few exceptions will lead to

convictions for these low-level crimes.

On March 16, Rockford Police Chief Dan O'Shea released a recommendation to his officers not to

make arrests for misdemeanor offences, but instead to order the accused to appear before the judge. 
 Previously non-critical contacts with the public had already been suspended in order to comply

with the social distance guidelines designed to avoid coronavirus spread.

"We're looking for the safety of the officers, as well as the general population, to go to jail,"

O'Shea said. "We're trying to do our part of it." As a result, there has been a sharp decrease in the

number of people in prison and a reduction in their everyday population (K. Haas March 25, 2020).

Although other critical, highly threatening police events, such as terrorism, have only had a short-

term effect on a small geographical area, the COVID-19 pandemic has spread internationally and has

remained a public health emergency for an extended period of time. During the pandemic, law

enforcement agencies (LEAs) play a vital role in attempts to monitor the spread of the epidemic,

preserve public order and foster healthy neighborhoods.  In their duty to implement these measures,

street patrol officers face a range of challenges: the persistent risk of contamination, changes in

government measures leading to a shift in call for services, and a number of changes in police

procedures (Stogner, Miller, & McLean, 2020).

A police officer enforcing social-distance laws broke up a group of people on a stoop during a

night-time cooking in East New York, Brooklyn, hitting a man in the chest. Another conflict between

police and residents of the same predominantly black neighborhood over the rules led to the

unconscious beating of a man. Days later, three men were arrested after taking part in a vigil at the

Queensbridge House for rappers who were said to have died of coronavirus.

Tensions are that in black and Hispanic communities over the implementation of social-distancing

laws by officers, causing some influential elected officials to argue that the New York Police

Department is engaged in racial double standards as it tries to transition to the role of public health in

the corona virus epidemic.

The arrests of Black and Hispanic residents, some of whom were filmed and posted online,

occurred on the same balmy days that other images circulated showing police officers handing masks

to predominantly white tourists at parks in Lower Manhattan, Williamsburg and Long Island City.

Video showed crowds of sunbathers, many without masks, seated close together in a park on the

Manhattan pier, uninterrupted by the police (A. Southall May 7, 2020).

 The implementation of the Extraordinary Operational Protocols adopted by the Penitentiary Police

Corps inside the Penitentiary Institutes to resolve the Pandemic of COVID-19 is a complex of specific

and scrupulous preventive exercises aimed at preserving the Order and Security, as well as ensuring

and safeguarding the health of police officers and all civil and health staff working in the field, The

General Management shall prepare unique operational intervention plans, which shall be structured in

a centralized and enveloping total defense to help all the restricted ones, constituting a priority that

requires action in the face of complex problems common to all penitentiary divisions within their

respective roles, as well as the promotion of clear and continuous interrelationships. Implementation

of the Extraordinary Emergency Protocols of the Penitentiary Security System in the case of

Pandemic, includes the implementation of stringent preventive measures to counteract the spread of

the COVID-19 virus, aimed at improving the individual operating protocols with the goal of enhancing

and strengthening the coordination of security plans in prisons and related facilities, In addition to the

introduction of specific measures adopted by rapid response initiatives aimed at avoiding adverse

effects that may occur from sources of risk. The condition determined by CORONAVIRUS inside the

various Penitentiaries is continuously monitored by the Situation Room of the Inspection and Control

Office, which receives and tracks information simultaneously transmitted by the Penitentiary Institutes

and relevant systems, assisted by the Head of the Department and by the Head of the Department

and by the General Management, prepares specific operational intervention plans (M. Pignatelli, G. D.

Roberto Napoli,  G. Cipolla,  C. Grillo, G. S. Anselmi 2020).

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered societal disruption and modified standards for all members of

society, but its impact on first responders were especially profound. Law enforcement officers were

required to organize municipal shutdowns, promote social distancing, and implement stay-at-home

mandates while performing the duties for which they are still understaffed and underfunded. The

effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on officer tension, mental wellbeing, resistance and misconduct is

discussed in the light of reactions to the HIV outbreak two decades earlier and the terrorist attacks of

11 September 2001. COVID-19 Police are expected to act as a major stressor for officers and

compound the general and organizational stress associated with the occupation. Avenues for offering
official assistance are discussed and suggestions for study on the phenomenon are provided (J.

Stogner, B. L. Miller & K. McLean 2020).

COVID-19 presents unparalleled obstacles to the Street Level Bureaucrats (SLB). Whereas

debates are taking place on the effect of the pandemic on health staff, little is understood about how it

affects the reaction of the police officer. Drawing on inductive qualitative research that follows the

ethnographic sensibility-inspired approach of the major Brazilian police force, we argue that political,

technical and material-related disputes can negatively affect the response of police officers in

financially and institutionally restricted settings. By unveiling how identified conflicts could jeopardize

efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19, and by suggesting that the usual discretion of street

bureaucrats could be both a blessing and a curse, our work informs existing SLB literature and sheds

light on practical issues that police officers face in constrain settings when dealing with the pandemic

(R. Alcadipani, S. Cabral, A. Fernandes & G. Lotta 2020).

Law enforcement is the mechanism by which attempts are made to create or operate legal norms

as a real guide to traffic conduct or legal ties in the life of society and the state. Community law

enforcement requires a sense of fairness, legal certainty and social benefits. At this time, the Covid-

19 Pandemic was spreading across the world. While the Covid-19 Pandemic still persists, law

enforcement continues. Law enforcement is conducted by law enforcement agencies. The National

Police, the Attorney General's Office, the Supreme Court (MA) and the KPK were law enforcement

agencies that continued to carry out law enforcement during the Covid-19 Pandemic phase. Law

enforcement continues to take place throughout the Covid-19 Pandemic. With the goal of ensuring a

sense of justice, legal certainty and community benefits throughout the Covid-19 Pandemic period

(Dr. P. S.i Saraswati, SH, MH, I N. Susrama, SH, MH 2020).

Local Police Problems

In order to avoid the spread of coronavirus disease in 2019, the city government will put the

region under the general community quarantine from 23 March (Covid-19).

Mayor Eliordo Ogena said that the Directive, through the Executive Order of Wednesday night,

refers to the increasingly reported cases of Covid-19 in several parts of the world. 
 Ogena said that despite the lack of reported cases in the region, the threat cannot be taken lightly

due to the lack of test kits to assess the level of community infection (Allen Estabillo March 19, 2020).

PHYSICAL Distant rapists will soon be penalized, as the Health Committee of the 19th Davao

City Council is in the process of drafting an ordinance mandating its surveillance to curb the spread of

coronavirus (Covid-19).

Councilor Mary Joselle Villafuerte, Chairperson of the Committee, chaired a committee hearing

on Wednesday, August 12, on the subject of a formal "Ordinance for the Strict Implementation

of the Social or Physical Distantiation of People and Other Relevant Measures to Curb the Disorder of

COVID-19 – 19 Disease in the City of Davao, Providing Penalties for Violation of Human Rights

and Other Purposes (R. LAWRENCE G. LLEMIT August 13, 2020).

President Rodrigo Duterte's hometown of Davao City will return to the status of General

Community Quarantine (GCQ) until November 30, following a peak in COVID-19 cases in the city,

Malacañang announced Friday.

Presidential spokesperson Harry Roque said Melquiades Feliciano, Deputy Chief

Implementation Officer of the National Task Force (NTF) Against COVID-19 for the cities of

Bacolod and Cebu, was assigned to head the Organized Operations to Defeat the Epidemic (CODE)

teams to be deployed in Davao City to assist in the response activities (D. John Esguerra - Reporter

2020).

On Tuesday, Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte approved the extension of locking and home

quarantine measures to cover more than half of the population, a crisis panel official said in an

attempt to curb the spread of coronavirus. The Strengthened Group Quarantine was supposed to end

next week but would be extended until April 30, said Karlo Nograles, Secretary of the Cabinet, at a

daily news conference. 

Policies limiting travel and gatherings have been in effect in and around the capital of Manila for

almost a month in response to the announcement of the first domestic broadcast. The

Philippines was one of the first countries to implement strict home quarantine measures (Reuters April

7, 2020).
 The police are now tracking social media sites to hunt for and arrest hard-headed individuals

breaching coronavirus quarantine protocols.

Lt. Gen. Guillermo Eleazar, Deputy Chief of Administration of the Philippine National Police

(PNP), yesterday ordered police officers to periodically search social media sites such as Facebook

and Instagram for images and videos showing people who are partying or breaching the

government's guidelines against COVID-19. 

Among these are drinking sessions, parties and other mass gatherings that breach the prohibition

of such gatherings (E. Tupas The Philippine Star 2020).

On Saturday, the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) urged all local

government units (LGUs) to provide a uniform punishment for violators of quarantine. 

According to DILG Spokesperson and Undersecretary Jonathan Malaya, they're looking for a

"Consistent" method of penalizing individuals who have violated health and quarantine protocols (D.

Pesco July 26, 2020).

It is a human right to travel and move either temporarily as a merchant or permanently as a

migrant. This right is recognized by the Philippine Constitution. There are however, some situations

and occasions when the government may enforce travel restrictions. Individuals suspected of having

committed a crime are prohibited from traveling outside the country. This is only one event that we

normally hear in the evening news. However, there are still large-scale constraints. The Philippines

has reported significant travel restrictions, such as the outbreak of cholera during the American

period. This large-scale constraint is once again on us Filipinos as a result of the COVID-19

pandemic. There are also other countries that have closed their borders to the rest of the world. Also,

internal travel has been temporarily suspended. This essay presents scenarios in Negros Oriental,

central Philippines created by the Philippine government's response to COVID-19, specifically

quarantine, contract tracking, and how gossip can be found in this emergency situation (E. G. Oracion

2020).

The planet comes to a halt with the COVID-19 pandemic as it speeds up the annihilation of the

human race and causes immense misery. Both the local and global economies are impacted by the
catastrophic effect of this pandemic on health and, ultimately, on the social facets of life. The working

class and the marginalized sector, particularly the day-to-day wage earners and unemployed, bear

the brunt of increased poverty stemming from forced community quarantine and militarized lock-up. In

this essay, I present my background as a community organizer, a senior citizen who is forbidden from

going out during the quarantine era, and how I used the online forum to continue my extension work.

In doing so, I shall offer my experience of working (1) with the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

project; (2) with the Bajau group of Iligan City; and (3) with the Meranaw IDPs. In this article, I would

like to remind all group extension staff that the pandemic is a cheap excuse to justify not continuing

with our extension work (N. L. Bracamonte 2020).

Fake news has been circulating since the end of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially via social

media, emails and instant messaging apps. As the World Health Organization (WHO) proclaimed

COVID-19 to be a global pandemic, a lot of misinformation about the virus proliferated mainly online.

How it began, why it started and who started it was concluded as a matter of fact, but none of it has

been proved. In addition, news about the cure has proliferated, which has prompted some people to

try it out but eventually died as a result of misinformation. This paper discusses how fake news

spreads, why it spreads, and why it makes people fear during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also looks

at how important the role of the media is in these tough times (D. L. Alfaro 2020).

With recorded rising cases of COVID-19 and home quarantine being introduced, the Internet has

become a medium for successful human interaction. Doing much of the work online has contributed to

a growing number of online fraudsters leveraging public anxiety and using the pandemic to attack

people and committing cybercrime to their advantage. This paper has introduced what cybersecurity

is all about. Using the available data and literature on pandemic-related issues, this paper described

some of the cyber security issues that are currently being addressed. In addition, it addressed the

types of attacks being faced and made suggestions about how to be secure online (M. V. Fontanilla

2020).

The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 and its subsequent COVID-19 challenge national preparedness

and capacity to respond to pandemics. No one is well prepared, but governments across the world
must react to pandemics as quickly and efficiently as possible, and any instance of such a global

epidemic must be a lesson in preparedness. Although strategies and programs may be in place to

avoid the rapid spread of the virus, the effectiveness of any state intervention relies heavily on how

cohesive the community is how trustworthy the people are and how trustworthy the government is.

Social harmony engenders trust, and trust engenders obedience and calm. The lack of social stability

induces social instability and social degradation, the lack or lack of social trust produces risk societies

and disobedience. When these conditions occur, the transmission of the virus is inevitable. They also

establish a pandemic of misunderstanding and terror, stigmatization and prejudice. The key

determinants of how nations respond to the present pandemic and how society reacts to state acts

will be their lot and fate in the coming decades or even in the next elections. The pandemic

demonstrates the standard of the leaders and people a nation has. Governments that are effective in

controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and minimizing the deaths of COVID-19 will enjoy much

greater social stability and public trust, while those that delayed vigorous interventions to control the

spread of SARS-CoV-2 will experience greater social stress and mistrust, leading to a paralysis of

public confidence in leaders and government institutions (M. Patrick P. Lofredo 2020).

The concept of confidentiality and privacy of medical data is an essential protection for patients

and is embedded in the basic principles of human rights and ethics. The call for a voluntary waiver of

confidentiality and privacy by COVID+ and alleged patients participating in healthcare and legal

organizations in the Philippines put its ethical and legal admissibility on the table of discussion. The

general concept is confidentiality and the protection of information is not absolute and there are

legislation specifying particular grounds for violation. The basic basis for infringement is the primacy

of public health and protection over the right to privacy of individuals. The common interest remains

the primary concern when divergence of principles arises in cases of pandemics such as COVID-19.

However, caution must be taken to ensure that patients are not discriminated against and stigmatized

as a result of violations of confidentiality and privacy of medical data. The rule of thumb of the

Philippine National Privacy Commission is to obtain only what is required and to report only to the

relevant authorities. Bending does not mean that the disclosed data is universally available.
Governments must ensure that secrecy remains secure even if the right is temporarily withheld as

required by the Commission principles of respect for persons, human dignity, autonomy, and justice

(M. Patrick P. Lofredo 2020).

Information and communication technology plays an important role in sectors such as healthcare,

banking, manufacturing, education, forecasting and industry in building a sustainable and powerful

infrastructure. The Covid-19 outbreak has resulted in the imposition of enhanced community

quarantine in different countries, especially in places where the number of Covid-19 cases is high.

This paper discusses the various ICT technologies used and which can be used for data collection,

data processing, data management and data communication during the outbreak. It also looks at how

innovations work and how they offer help to people at this time of need. It also focuses on Big Data

and how information can be used (D. L. Alfaro 2020).

The Philippine National Police are mainly responsible for providing leadership and structure to the

Department in order to efficiently fulfill the community's demands for an organized and secure place

to live and work. The purpose of this study is to classify the Philippine National Police Services in

Nasipit, Agusan Del Norte. The research used a descriptive approach using the survey methodology.

The approach explains the effectiveness of the services rendered to the community by police officers.

The Philippine National Police Department of Nasipit, Agusan del Norte, Philippines has carried out a

satisfactory operation. They are evident and can be depended upon in times of crisis, calamity and

other types of emergency. The police patrol ensures the protection and security of life and property in

our society. Police offer services to the community and maintain the reduction of crime, e.g.,

checkpoints and patrols have the highest ranking among other fields of the Preservation of Law and

Order (G. Venci T Alonzo | D. Orven T Belar | I. T Herana | I. Jr C Lumasag | I. S. Tampan 2020).
 CHAPTER 3 

METHODOLOGY 

In this chapter, researchers will discuss the research design, locale of the study, research

instrument, respondents and sampling used, data gathering procedure, statistical treatment of data,

and the ethical considerations.

Research Design

A descriptive correlation method of research in which the researchers are primarily interested

in describing relationships among variables, without seeking to establish a causal connection.

(Quaranta 2017).

Locale of The Study

Researchers will conduct a study at Alabel Sarangani, one of the provinces in the Philippines

commonly called as “the land of beauty “. It is located within the Socsargen area in Mindanao.

Research Instrument

The needed data of this study will be gathered using the researcher - made survey

questionnaire. It will be checked and validated by the adviser and the panelists. The questionnaire will

be used to figure out the two sets of variables. First set is the residents' feedback. While the second
set is the problem encountered by police personnel of Alabel Sarangani during the implementation of

minimum health standard/protocol.

Respondents and Sampling Use

The respondents of this study are the residents of Alabel Sarangani. The researchers will use

pure random sampling.

Data Gathering Procedures

   To conduct this study, these gathering data process must observe:

Ask permission to conduct study. The researchers will send a letter to the municipal

chairman and for the residents to let them know the purpose of this study and have a consent to

gather information from them.

Formulate a survey questionnaire. The researchers will formulate a questionnaire for this

study.

Validation of questionnaire. The researchers' questionnaire must be validated and checked

by the adviser and the panelists.

Distribution of questionnaire. After validation, the researcher will distribute the questionnaire

to respondents.

Retrieval of the questionnaire. If the respondents are done to answer the questionnaire, the

researcher must immediately retrieve it.

Tallies and collection of data. The researchers should tabulate, analyze, and interpret the

results with the help of a statistician who can give appropriate tools in data analysis.
Statistical Treatment of Data

Weighted mean and ranking will be used to determine the feedback and problems encountered

by the respondents.

The mean can be determined using the formula:

x = (Σ xi) / n.

Pearson Product Moment of Correlation Coefficient (Pearson “r”) will be used to determine

the significant relationship between the two (2) variables using the formula:  

r = ∑ (xi - x̅) (yi - ȳ) / √∑ (xi – x̅)² ∑ ( yi - ȳ)²

Ethical Considerations

All residents who will participate in the evaluation should be free from coercion and the

researchers should not be in a position to force respondents to participate. Researchers must ensure

that the information gathered from the respondents will remain confidential and anonymous.

Researchers must ensure that the person participating in the evaluation is fully informed about the

evaluation being conducted. Participants need to be made aware of the purpose of the project, who or

what group is funding it, how the findings will be used, if there are any potential adverse impacts of

their participation and who will have access to the findings. The main purpose of informed consent is

that the participant is able to make an informed decision as to whether they will participate in the

evaluation or not. Additional information should also be provided in the event that the participant

becomes distressed in any way during their participation.

 Chapter 4

PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents, analyses and interprets the data of the study.

The various results regarding Resident’s feedback in the Implementation on Minimum Health

Standard/Protocol and Problems Encountered by Police Personnel.

Table 1 presents the distribution on the common feedbacks of residents on police

implementation of the minimum health standard/protocol. As presented, the respondents strongly

agree that the constant hand washing and sanitizing will keep them safe and healthy (4.60) and day

and night patrolling is necessary to ensure public safety (4.52). 

Furthermore, they agree on the following indicators: wearing of mask will prevent individuals

being infected from virus or bacteria (4.48), having curfew hours will keep individuals safe in their

respective places (4.40), maintaining distance between people will help to avoid any infectious

diseases (4.34), war on drugs is necessary to lessen individuals being addicted to drugs (4.28),

having health quarantine checkpoints will prevent viruses and bacteria from scattering (4.16), children

under 18 years old should be banned in any internet café (4.08), liquor should be banned in many

stores and bars (4.08), and people should stay at home to be safe from viruses or bacteria (3.98).
 As a whole, the total mean of 4.29 indicates that the respondents agree on the indicators

regarding their feedbacks on the implementation of health protocol.

Table 1 Distribution on the Common Feedbacks of Residents on Police Implementation of the

Minimum Health Standard/Protocol

Indicator Weighted
Description
s Mean
1 4.48 Agree
2 3.98 Agree
3 4.34 Agree
4 4.16 Agree
5 4.60 Strongly Agree
6 4.08 Agree
7 4.28 Agree
8 4.40 Agree
9 4.52 Strongly Agree
10 4.08 Agree
Total  4.29 Agree

Table 2 shows the distribution on the common problems encountered by the police personnel

in implementing minimum health/standard protocol. As shown, the respondents always encounter

working beyond their capacity (4.54). Oftentimes, they experienced mental, physical, and emotional

stress (4.08), and encountered budgeting and planning difficulty on implementing protocols (3.70).
 Moreover, they sometimes encountered disobedient people during implementation of protocols

(3.14), have a hard time implementing health protocols (3.06), and encountered vehicular and

transportation difficulties (3.02). Rarely, they encountered personnel deployment difficulty (2.00), and

PPE shortages (1.72).

Furthermore, they never encountered hard times of getting public attention (1.42), and lack of

community relations (1.28).

As a whole, the total mean of 2.8 indicates that the respondents sometimes encountered

difficulties in implementing health protocols.

Table 2 Distribution on the Common Problems Encountered by the Police Personnel in

Implementing Minimum Health/Standard Protocol

Indicator Weighted
Description
s Mean
1 4.08 Often 
2 1.72 Rarely
3 3.06 Sometimes 
4 3.02 Sometimes 
5 3.14 Sometimes
6 2.00 Rarely 
7 1.28 Never
8 1.42 Never
9 4.54 Always
10 3.70 Often
Total  2.80 Sometimes

INTERVENTION PROGRAM

Nowadays, following the minimum health standard protocol is very necessary to mitigate the

spread of the virus. The success of the implementation of these practices can be determined using

the participation of the residents and the execution of those who are in authority.
 The result of the study shows that the residents agree that the implementation of the health

protocols is necessary for them to be guarded from the virus and any casualty. With this, an

enhancement program can be given to the respondents in order for them to fully realize the purpose

of the protocols by intensifying their knowledge about the implementation.

Meanwhile, as to the implementation of police on the said protocols, they sometimes encounter

difficulties in general. However, the problem of overworking where they always encountered should

be taking into consideration. Since, this might affect the health status of the police officers. This is an

indication that there is a need of an intervention program for the said problem. There must be a stress

management program to help them cope up with the challenges they are facing. In addition, a policy

must be created on the work hour limits of the respondents and redesigning of their job/task

assignment.

Tally Sheet: Variable 1

Indicators 5 4 3 2 1 Total

1. Do you agree that wearing of face mask will /////-/////-/////- /////-/////-/////- /// 50
prevent individuals being infected from virus or /////-/////-// = ///// =20
bacteria 27

2. Do you agree that people should stay at /////-/////-/////- /////-/////-/////- /////-/ /// = // = 50
home to be safe from viruses or bacteria? ////= 19 /// = 18 //  3 2
=8

3. Do you agree that maintaining distance /////-/////-/////- /////-/////-/////- / = 1 /= 50

between people will help to avoid any /////-/ = 21 /////-/////-// = 1
infectious diseases? 27

4. Do you agree that having health quarantine /////-/////-/////- /////-/////-/////- ///// // = /= 50

checkpoints will prevent viruses and bacteria ///// = 20 /////-// =5 2  1
from scattering?  = 22

5. Do you agree that constant hand washing /////-/////-/////- /////-/////-//// /// = 50

and sanitizing will keep ourselves safe and /////-/////-/////- = 14  3 
healthy? /// 
= 33

6. Do you agree that liquor should be banned /////-/////-/////- /////-/////-/ = /////-/ /// = // = 50
in many stores and bars? /////-///// = 25 11 ///  3  2 
=9
7. Do you agree that war on drugs is /////-/////-/////- /////-/////-/////- /////-/ 50
necessary to lessen individuals being addicted /////-// = 22 /////  //
to drugs? = 20  = 8

8. Do you agree that having curfew hours will /////-/////-/////- /////-/////-/ = /= /// = // = 50
keep individuals safe in their respective /////-/////-/////- 11 1  3  2 
places? /// 
= 33

9. Do you agree that day and night patrolling /////-/////-/////- /////-/////-/////- /= 50

is necessary to ensure public safety? /////-/////-//// = /////  1 
29 = 20

10. Do you agree that children under 18 years /////-/////-/////- /////-/////-/////- /// = //// /// 50
old should be banned in any internet cafe? /////-//// = 24 / = 16 3  = 4  =
3 

Variable 1:

Indicators 5 4 3 2 1 Mean

1. Do you agree that wearing of face mask will 13 80 9 224/50 =

prevent individuals being infected from virus or 5 4.48
bacteria

2. Do you agree that people should stay at home to 95 72 2 6 2 199/50 =

be safe from viruses or bacteria? 4 3.98

3. Do you agree that maintaining distance between 10 108 3 1 217/50 =

people will help to avoid any infectious diseases? 5 4.34

4. Do you agree that having health quarantine 10 88 1 4 1 208/50 =

checkpoints will prevent viruses and bacteria from 0 5 4.16
scattering?

5. Do you agree that constant hand washing and 16 56 9 230/50 =

sanitizing will keep ourselves safe and healthy? 5 4.60

6. Do you agree that liquor should be banned in 12 44 2 6 2 204/50 =

many stores and bars? 5 7 4.08

7. Do you agree that war on drugs is necessary to 11 80 2 214/50 =

lessen individuals being addicted to drugs? 0 4 4.28

8. Do you agree that having curfew hours will keep 16 44 3 6 2 220/50 =

individuals safe in their respective places? 5 4.40
9. Do you agree that day and night patrolling is 14 80 1 226/50 =
necessary to ensure public safety? 5 4.52

10. Do you agree that children under 18 years old 12 64 9 8 3 204/50 =

should be banned in any internet cafe? 0 4.08

Weighted 42.92/10 =
Mean 4.29

Tally Sheet: Variable 2

Indicators 5 4 3 2 1 Total

1. Police experienced stress /////-/////-///// /////-///// /////-///// = /=1 50

mentally, physically and -/ = 16 -////-///// 10
emotionally. -///// 
= 25

2. Police encounter PPE // = 2  /// = 3  /////-/////-/ /////-/////-/////-/ 50

shortages.  ////-/////  ////-/// = 23
= 20

3. Police have a hard time ///// = 5 /////-/ = /////-/////-/////- ///// = 5 //// =4  50
implementing protocols like 6 /////-/////-//// 
health. = 30

4. Police encounter vehicular / = 1  //// = 4  /////-/////-/////- ///// = 5 50

and transportation difficulties. /////-/////-/////-
/////-///// =
40

5. Police encounter disobedient /// = 3  ///// = 5 /////-/////-/////- // = 2 50

people during implementation /////-/////-/////-
of protocols. /////-///// =
40

6. Police encounter personnel / = 1  //// = 4 ///// = 5  /////-/////-/ /////-/////-/////-/  50

deployment difficulty. ////-/////-// = 16
 // = 24

7. Police have a lack of // = 2  /=1 //// = 4  /////-/////-/////-/ 50

community relations. ////-/////-/////-//
///-/////-/// =
43

8. Police encounter hard times / = 1  / =1  ///// = 5 //// = 4  /////-/////-/////-/ 50

of getting public attention. ////-/////-/////-//
///-//// = 39

9. Police work beyond their /////-/////-///// /// = 3  //// = 4  //// = 4 50

capacity (overworked). -/////-/////-////
/-/////-//// =
39

10. Police encounter budgeting ///// - ///// = /////-///// /////-/////  /// = 3 /// = 3 50
and planning difficulty on 10 -/////-//// = 10 
implementing protocols. /-////
 = 24 

Variable 2: 

Indicators 5 4 3 2 1 Mean

1. Police experienced stress mentally, physically and 80 92 30 2 204/50 =

emotionally. 4.08

2. Police encounter PPE shortages.  8 15 40 23 86/50 = 1.72

3. Police have a hard time implementing protocols like 25 24 90 10 4 153/50 =

health. 3.06

4. Police encounter vehicular and transportation 5 16 120 10 151/50 =

difficulties. 3.02

5. Police encounter disobedient people during 15 20 120 2 157/50 =

implementation of protocols. 3.14

6. Police encounter personnel deployment difficulty. 5 16 15 48 16 100/50 =

2.00

7. Police have a lack of community relations. 10 3 8 43 64/50 = 1.28

8. Police encounter hard times of getting public attention. 5 4 15 8 39 71/50 = 1.42

9. Police work beyond their capacity (overworked). 195 12 12 8 227/50 =

4.54

10. Police encounter budgeting and planning difficulty on 50 96 30 6 3 185/50 =

implementing protocols. 3.70

Weighted 27.96/10 =
Mean 2.80
 Chapter 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary, conclusions and recommendations of the study.

Summary

The study was conducted to determine the resident’s feedback in the implementation on

minimum health standard/protocol and problems encountered by police personnel.

Specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What are the common feedbacks of residents on police implementation of the minimum

health standard/protocol?

2. What are the common problems encountered by the police personnel on implementing

minimum health standard/protocol?

3. What intervention program can be proposed from the result of the study?

Descriptive correlation was utilized in the conduct of the study with the use of a survey

questionnaire to the 100 respondents.

Conclusion
 The following conclusions were down based from the findings of the study: 

1. The researchers conclude that the residents agree on the indicators regarding their

feedback on the implementation of health standard/protocol.

2. The researchers conclude that the police personnel encountered overworking in

implementing health protocols.

3. The researchers conclude that an enhancement program can be given to the residents

in order for them to fully realize the purpose of the protocols and there must be a stress

management program to help police personnel to cope up with the challenges they are

facing.

Recommendations

The following were the recommendations:

1. The problem of police personnel overworking should be taking into consideration because this

might affect the health status of police officers.

2. Personnel on field duty and office duty should be divided and their mutual contact should be

avoided as much as possible.

3. Police force has to be divided into two or three groups and each group can be put on 10 days

duty. The other groups can be kept as reserves in the camps or at their home and can be

called for duty if any emergency occurs or staff shortage in the event of more police officers

going in for quarantine.