The oxenta GioUp Ou3)

The oent,
oent gup i he sel o l tonsonmotions tha presel ve he
he
nner podud o Minkowski spaxe

whene denoles he melric of Minkawsti e

0 0 0

Thiu is he (eaon why we Cal the lcenla bap O,3). The

up Oc4) preseves )+(x" +(U+ (x°):

The
The cunuendional nane s a doenh kasoumahian is A. leler an
we wl deie huw these Hcncaimakions lak lite pialely
4onstom
we

Ond beue his mus hold or albiyy we Conclude

O wifen n Mad ix AnA:

Thi hw the Saen ae donsumadlons ae delined

Sloaing
SHating(om
om h deinHan, we wnow gerive a Weu clusician
for all Jatd ansamokionu.
deleman ad deb (AB) = delCA) delce)
I e ale the ue

We ge the Cundikion
delCA) deb(n) deB tA) =
del(n)
deltA)delnlell A) dela)-|delia): = del (A): #a
(-1) (-1)

tuthemoe, s we uk a V 0 Component u

Ase A'. ev A.r A.: ,

Ard thus onclude

./+EA
We ow dvide the yrena tcnsoumaticns nto wr sub-categones
depending an the signs o delCA)= 1 and A. /11 2 (A
L delCA) + A. 71
L delA) - A.
L d e l l A) : ) , N.s-1

LdetlA) i, A. <-1
The technical eim fo Lis poer ohochioaus lem2 qiup.
Ppe ees Ho he ppedy debta)= 4), which in physiol eims mtangs
hoh
roh ronsgotnois n his cahegay do o ohanue the shial orientatun
Othuchaws ejas to he pcpehy . d eans ia physual
Hems thad he onsolmedionu whh his paly o chnge
he duedin a time. We wi n his 3ub-Calegong
posble Using he
Ord Hg to leaun much as esptnding geneioBas.
The (onsfumdicn n olher Cutegones e aCUmbinohon Ot he
Ofthe
Hcauormahicnshisperial cuteyy ond one
in or bon
boh two
speaal onsmoios Koour as Hme-(evesal nd
nd
spoue-iQuesion D
Where
The subiph P here denoles ukg
which is other ume 40 Ie- nuelsian

Ln physical Heims a puiky AcnyoumoBion. is a eleckion at he

he
Spocial oxes, whereas a Hme-teveud Hansoumahonua eqleckion at the
ime axi. -1o o o o

The
he ou Cumponends he Jaenta gicup are conneded thiaxgh
he 4wo dixele asformatens Krown as fime (yel rand
Spaue -invasion Ap
L
A.I A
A
We on
Con ndetond he mplehe Jovenda giaup as he set

OCl,3) { L'. AL, A L!, A,A,L!I

So L,L', Li.L', ae ot Snothly Conneched to each ofhe
Thee sG94p belueen the 4cans(otmaliun wh del ( )
and hoe with dellA):-l. Theve oe nsormations belueen.
The ume belween N.7ond A.
the
The jump ac
(os his gp an only e ohieved by mokirg
O4 the direle «ns(oumaions and A
One Renesontolicn o he uee i Giap
Les Oe the condikica duen goup

Ho rdlud an xpliat mcdlx epeendution.

 ea 44 malice) when
Lels hink, the daema Gtoup is luenb
(ecl
acho on -pxe vedas. The Ua-pcxe vedor is he
Gohog
is
fau dimensicnal Mokawki seuue 2,3) ond he dAend qup
peyenve 4he 44 melic
deyined as he se ons(mahanu ha
So
Jo, maices u b e (ea. becwse e to krow ow hey ach o
elements o he ed mInowki paue 2L.3)
A Geric. eal 4 malix hes l6 poamelers
The Cunddin he widh is
o doenb qup Ae ,
in
{
l0 andihins his o 6 potametes
esicds
Therete to dexabe a ma Oneio Jaentu nsoinaicn gaometey
needed
when e ind &Lnealy ndependend gaecHos, we hove sard
Cumpl ete oasis o he ie alggba of his qioP
This meuns eVe olhe geelctor Con be witen as a lneor

Combruhion ohee bais qenaas.

A A
A2N,)-1 L 1,2,3

N, o fv
Nehe ho he otaHon malice 3-dimensiona Eudledion spate
Spae
which inuue only Spaue nd pukil he
leave fime unconged Pulil yhe
CondHicn O dovena cnsfomohicn, This follows beause
he aial a o the Minkowski melis is plopotiona o the
he
3 idenhy mdox

Penenbe O01

and ij 0 foitj
.4he tnsormaiun iouoluing anly e ls he Jolowung:
-RIRR'RI RLusR: R'R I
This
This is eally he desining ndion 0 OL3) Togohe wih he

Cundilion del CA) =

hee he deni Cundions a SOC3)
ore
e nclude ho he Clepudinyle kanijoimaion ae gion b

Ao Wth he (clakon madices 2

Whee he as cokhan Cand the hiee aXes

Con be dexibed by he slauing malices
Coye) o ine) - Sino) o
o Cone) -Jin6)
SIntb) Costo) o
lo Sinte) lae), Sine) o Coxe)

we emenber he generaBes and ie algebia Of SOC3

and del o) 1
We Con wnte eve gfaup elemen O In teims Of a genetotor :
PotHr his ino he sicst ndkhon

o'o e
Usia he condicn del to)= 1 nd Ihe idenhly dete) :er(A)
We see
dell)- dell e) e
Thiee linaly independent malices ul puling bolh ondHicns ore

oo
 Thee maides sum a sL fo he gereaBon of he giup )
This mans Gng geiatou o he gCp Cun ebe wten as a inear
Oumbinahcn o hee tas genetdas J a al bJa 4 CJs whae
a,b, dervhe (eal cunshands

La PhySUCS
Ln it Couhiond to deine he gerechas of So3) wth
on exlha
exka e . Cunielely hs me thd indeud of e we wite
write

wlth :-6. O g@ectas oe ben

O

Lo o -t o o

We Idudue he jn physics to ge KemiHian geoeclors,

which maons geneatos SaHs :C')- 3. this is nice because
Hemtian maices haue eal eigen valuer and his beame
in quontum methanics whde the
impoltant
eigervdes ot he g4veoHos
gneoBos ale
he valves 0pedes to maule n
experimends
o, he geneadus Ole orabgaus to hoe thee
hee oaial dimansians:

Sdim
J
tor evcmple,
o o 0 o
djn

Too inueigple t(nyoumalas uoluing ame and seace we will SHar

aluas in Jle theu. u
aalus on inineim fayotmahion

A 6,Ek
Wle p his into he deining rdikon Nl A Ar

-Kl+ K o K'-NK
bw we haue 4he ondikicn fa he
gmeclus o4 (onsoimojions
these
wolung ae ad time. A dtuanahon qnei eBed b
haatos Culed a boost
Sstem
mo th maes with
oidinote
A Last change
meons o a

a dipeend Cancdond velcaky mpored with he oigino dingle sgskem

els make an exCmple: AAboos along he X-oxis

Beccause we row he ond he geneator S Ohe çoim

We anly need to Sohve a 22

K madix equatuon

ab

bd
Which is olud by
-)
aluy x-axis is thereje
The Complete geneaBon fon omts
O OO

K-
0ooo

for bost alag he

And equally we un find he gunelcdoas
-Bdtedicns
 O 0 0

K o oo
l oo o0

Ue aloody Know om die heay how we ge om he qeeatels

ginieiniHe tcnssamaoions
A.o) e
We can hen evaluohe he ecrenticl Punchion singiks Sees exponsion
on ho ik
104E

Ato): e Ci.)
0 n

A.)( I . lahlo)I +iSuk(0)K.

00 -0 CnL)!

Siah a)
A.e).") -Sioht4) o/

| Cohuo) -Swhtd)
A.co) -siohton QOshlo)
The Coinplele yy nsumahn ohix 40 a wt alng the

Oxis S heefore

Coshio)Sinht0) o o
-Siohto) coshto) o o
O

Analogoushy, we an dewe he fcayamaion Malnce tor

aldng he olhe oxis
 Coshto) O Sunh)

YohLo) coshto)
O O

Cah Co) -Snh)

O O
A, O O

-Sinho) O O Cushlb)
mukiplkckian o hee
An abhiay bacs Cun be mosed b
3 asoohicn mahices