Graph Theory

Lebanese University
Faculty of Science
BS Computer Science
2nd year – Fall Semester
Introduction to graphs and
their uses
Week 2

I2205 - Graph Theory ** Dr Siba Haidar - Dr Antoun Yaacoub 2

Outline
• Graphs as models
• Subgraphs and types of graphs
• Isomorphic graphs
• Graph operations

I2205 - Graph Theory ** Dr Siba Haidar - Dr Antoun Yaacoub 3

Graphs as models
Question 1
Let 𝐺 be the graph with vertex set 𝑉(𝐺) = {𝑎, 6, 𝑐, 𝑑, 𝑒, 𝑓, 𝑔} and edge
set E(G) = {ab, ac, ae, af, be, ce, ef, fg}.
1. Draw a geometric representation of the graph 𝐺.
2. Suppose that the vertices of 𝐺 represent people, and two vertices
are adjacent if the corresponding people are friends. Find two
groups of three mutual friends.
3. List the degrees of the vertices of 𝐺.
4. Verify Euler Theorem for the graph you have drawn.

I2205 - Graph Theory ** Dr Siba Haidar - Dr Antoun Yaacoub 4

Graphs as models
Question 2
Explain why it is impossible for the list of degrees of the vertices of a
graph to be
• 5,4,2,2,2,1,1
• 10,6,3, 2,2, 1,1,1

I2205 - Graph Theory ** Dr Siba Haidar - Dr Antoun Yaacoub 5

Graphs as models
Question 3
• Draw a 3-regular graph on six vertices.

I2205 - Graph Theory ** Dr Siba Haidar - Dr Antoun Yaacoub 6

Graphs as models
Question 4
• Explain why there is no 3-regular graph on seven vertices.

I2205 - Graph Theory ** Dr Siba Haidar - Dr Antoun Yaacoub 7

Outline
• Graphs as models
• Subgraphs and types of graphs
• Isomorphic graphs
• Graph operations

I2205 - Graph Theory ** Dr Siba Haidar - Dr Antoun Yaacoub 8

Subgraphs and types of graphs
Question 5
• Describe all 2-regular graphs (connected and disconnected).

I2205 - Graph Theory ** Dr Siba Haidar - Dr Antoun Yaacoub 9

Subgraphs and types of graphs
Question 6
• Why is 𝐾𝑛 (𝑛 − 1)-regular?

I2205 - Graph Theory ** Dr Siba Haidar - Dr Antoun Yaacoub 10

Subgraphs and types of graphs
Question 7
Determine the number of edges in each of the following graphs
without actually drawing the graphs.
1. 𝐾14
2. 𝐾9,6
3. 𝑃25
4. 𝐶80
5. 𝐾1,19

I2205 - Graph Theory ** Dr Siba Haidar - Dr Antoun Yaacoub 11

Subgraphs and types of graphs
Question 8 – part 1
• Determine which of
the following graphs
are subgraphs of graph
𝐺. Explain.
• Which of the graphs
are induced subgraphs
of graph 𝐺? Explain.

I2205 - Graph Theory ** Dr Siba Haidar - Dr Antoun Yaacoub 12

Subgraphs and types of graphs
Question 8 – part 2
• Find all 𝑎 − 𝑓 walks of length 4 in 𝐺.
• Which of the walks that were found are paths?
• Find an 𝑎 − 𝑓 trail of length 6 in 𝐺.
• Why can there be no 𝑎 − 𝑓 path of length 6 in 𝐺?
• Find all geodesics between 𝑏 and 𝑑 in 𝐺.

I2205 - Graph Theory ** Dr Siba Haidar - Dr Antoun Yaacoub 13

Outline
• Graphs as models
• Subgraphs and types of graphs
• Isomorphic graphs
• Graph operations

I2205 - Graph Theory ** Dr Siba Haidar - Dr Antoun Yaacoub 14

Isomorphic graphs
Question 9
• Draw the graph having degree sequence 2 1 1 0.

I2205 - Graph Theory ** Dr Siba Haidar - Dr Antoun Yaacoub 15

Isomorphic graphs
Question 10
• Show that the sequence 3, 3,3,3,3,3,3,3 is graphical. Then draw two
graphs with this degree sequence, one connected and the other
disconnected.

I2205 - Graph Theory ** Dr Siba Haidar - Dr Antoun Yaacoub 16

Isomorphic graphs
Question 11
• Prove that 𝐶4 and 𝐾2,2 are isomorphic.

I2205 - Graph Theory ** Dr Siba Haidar - Dr Antoun Yaacoub 17

Outline
• Graphs as models
• Subgraphs and types of graphs
• Isomorphic graphs
• Graph operations

I2205 - Graph Theory ** Dr Siba Haidar - Dr Antoun Yaacoub 18

Graph operations
Question 12
• Draw the wheel 𝑊1,6 .

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Graph operations
Question 13
• How many edges does 𝑊1,𝑛 have?

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Graph operations
Question 14
• Consider 𝐾3 with vertices 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐. Now obtain a new graph, 𝐴, by
adding two more vertices, 𝑟 and 𝑠, and edges r𝑎 and 𝑠𝑏. Show that 𝐴
is self-complementary.

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Graph operations
Question 15
• What familiar graph is 𝐾𝑚 + 𝐾𝑛 isomorphic to?

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