Active and passive voice with Modal

Verbs
Nusaiba December 02, 2018  0

Words shown below are known as modal verbs in English grammar.

         Can

         Could

         May

         Might

         Will

         Would

         Must

         Shall

         Should

         Ought to
 Let’s see how to make passive voice of the sentences which have modal verbs in it.

Normal structure of sentence in active voice with modals in it is

Subject + modal + verb + object. (Active Voice)

Ex: She can cook the food. (Active Voice)

(Here ‘she’ is subject, ‘cook’ is verb and ‘the food’ is object.)

While changing the sentence into passive, this structure becomes

Subject + modal + be + V3 + by + agent. (Passive Voice)

Ex: The food can be cooked by her. (Passive Voice)

(Here ‘The food’ becomes subject in passive voice, ‘cooked’ is V-3 (past participle) of cook, and ‘her’ is

agent (doer))

See some more examples to clarify this

         Shubham should write homework. (Active Voice)

Homework should be written by Shubham. (Passive Voice)

         Simran must learn English. (Active Voice)

English must be learnt by Simran. (Passive Voice)

         Sachin can play cricket. (Active Voice)

Cricket can be played by Sachin. (Passive Voice)

Active And Passive Voice Of

Imperative Sentences
Nusaiba November 27, 2018  2

Imperative sentences are sentences which express advice,

request or command.
For example

 Close the door.

 Please give me the bottle.
 Pick up the phone.
These sentences express advice, request or command.
How to convert imperative sentences into passive
voice?
Let’s see how to convert imperative sentences into passive
voice.

Imperative sentences containing request

Passive voice of sentences containing request start with
‘You are requested to’.

Generally, sentences containing request have the word

‘please’ in it.

Normal structure of sentence in passive voice is as under

You are requested to + verb + ...

Ex:

 Please close the door. (Active Voice)

You are requested to close the door. (Passive Voice)
 Please bring me some apples. (Active Voice)
You are requested to bring me some water. (Passive
Voice)
 Please show me your tickets. (Active Voice)
You are requested to show me your tickets. (Passive
Voice)

Imperative sentences containing advice

Passive voice of sentences containing advice start with
‘You are advised to’
Normal structure of sentence in passive voice is as under

You are advised to + verb + …

Ex:

 Do yoga daily. (Active Voice)

You are advised to do yoga daily. (Passive Voice)
 Do your homework neatly. (Active Voice)
You are advised to do your homework neatly. (Passive
Voice)
 Do not drink. (Active Voice)
You are advised not to drink. (Passive Voice)

Imperative sentences containing command or

order
Passive voice of sentences containing command or order
generally start with ‘Let’

Normal structure of sentence in passive voice is as under

Let + subject + be + V-3

Ex:

 Switch off the fan. (Active Voice)

Let the fan be switched off. (Passive Voice)
 Call the attendant. (Active Voice)
Let the attendant be called. (Passive Voice)
 Cook the food. (Active Voice)
Let the food be cooked. (Passive Voice)
You can change the sentences containing command or
order into passive using ‘You are ordered to’ also.
Normal structure of sentence for that is

You are ordered to + verb + …

Ex:

 Switch off the fan. (Active Voice)

You are ordered to switch off the fan. (Passive Voice)
 Call the attendant. (Active Voice)
You are ordered to call the attendant. (Passive Voice)
 Cook the food. (Active Voice)
You are ordered to cook the food. (Passive Voice)

Imperative sentences containing suggestion

There are some sentences which contain suggestion.

Let’s see how to convert these sentences into passive by

some examples.

Ex:

 Respect parents. (Active Voice)

Parents should be respected. (Passive Voice)
 Love the kids. (Active Voice)
The kids should be loved. (Passive Voice)
 Follow your dreams. (Active Voice)
Your dreams should be followed. (Passive Voice)
Active And Passive Voice Of
Interrogative Sentences
Nusaiba November 27, 2018  5

Here you are going to learn how to change voice of

interrogative sentences.
Questions beginning with do/does
Normal structure of interrogative sentence in active voice
starting with do/does is

Do/does + subject + verb + object ? (Active Voice)

Ex: Does she cook the food? (Active Voice)

(Here ‘she’ is subject, ‘cook’ is verb and ‘the food’ is
object.)

While changing the sentence into passive, this structure

becomes

Am/is/are + subject + V-3 + by + agent ? (Passive

Voice)

Ex: Is the food cooked by her? (Passive Voice)

(Here ‘The food’ becomes subject in passive voice, ‘cooked’
is V-3 (past participle) of cook, and ‘her’ is agent (doer))

See some more examples to clarify this

 Does Shubham write homework? (Active Voice)
Is homework written by Shubham? (Passive Voice)
 Does Simran learn English? (Active Voice)
Is English learnt by Simran? (Passive Voice)
 Does Sachin play cricket? (Active Voice)
Is cricket played by Sachin? (Passive Voice)
Questions beginning with am/is/are
Normal structure of interrogative sentence in active voice
starting with am/is/are is

Am/is/are + subject + verb + ing + object ? (Active

Voice)

Ex: Is she cooking the food? (Active Voice)

(Here ‘she’ is subject, ‘cooking’ is verb and ‘the food’ is
object.)

While changing the sentence into passive, this structure

becomes

Am/is/are + subject + being + V-3 + by + agent ?

(Passive Voice)

Ex: Is the food being cooked by her? (Passive Voice)

(Here ‘The food’ becomes subject in passive voice, ‘cooked’
is V-3 (past participle) of cook, and ‘her’ is agent (doer))

Note: You might have noticed that whenever there is verb

+ ing in active voice, we are using being + V-3 in passive
voice.

See some more examples to clarify this

 Is Shubham writing homework? (Active Voice)

Is homework being written by Shubham? (Passive
Voice)
 Is Simran learning English? (Active Voice)
Is English being learnt by Simran? (Passive Voice)
  Is Sachin playing cricket? (Active Voice)
Is cricket being played by Sachin? (Passive Voice)

Questions beginning with did

Normal structure of interrogative sentence in active voice
starting with did is

Did + subject + verb + object ? (Active Voice)

Ex: Did she cook the food? (Active Voice)

(Here ‘she’ is subject, ‘cook’ is verb and ‘the food’ is
object.)

While changing the sentence into passive, this structure

becomes

Was/were + subject + V-3 + by + agent ? (Passive

Voice)

Ex: Was the food cooked by her? (Passive Voice)

(Here ‘The food’ becomes subject in passive voice, ‘cooked’
is V-3 (past participle) of cook, and ‘her’ is agent (doer))

See some more examples to clarify this

 Did Shubham write homework? (Active Voice)

Was homework written by Shubham? (Passive Voice)
 Did Simran learn English? (Active Voice)
Was English learnt by Simran? (Passive Voice)
 Did Sachin play cricket? (Active Voice)
Was cricket played by Sachin? (Passive Voice)
Questions beginning with was/were
Normal structure of interrogative sentence in active voice
starting with was/were is

Was/were + subject + verb + ing + object ? (Active

Voice)

Ex: Was she cooking the food? (Active Voice)

(Here ‘she’ is subject, ‘cooking’ is verb and ‘the food’ is
object.)

While changing the sentence into passive, this structure

becomes

Was/were + subject + being + V-3 + by + agent ?

(Passive Voice)

Ex: Was the food being cooked by her? (Passive Voice)

(Here ‘The food’ becomes subject in passive voice, ‘cooked’
is V-3 (past participle) of cook, and ‘her’ is agent (doer))

See some more examples to clarify this

 Was Shubham writing homework? (Active Voice)
Was homework being written by Shubham? (Passive
Voice)
 Was Simran learning English? (Active Voice)
Was English being learnt by Simran? (Passive Voice)
 Was Sachin playing cricket? (Active Voice)
Was cricket being played by Sachin? (Passive Voice)
Questions beginning with have/has/had
Normal structure of interrogative sentence in active voice
starting with have/has/had is

Have/has/had + subject + V-3 + object ? (Active

Voice)

Ex: Has she cooked the food? (Active Voice)

(Here ‘she’ is subject, ‘cooked’ is V-3 (past participle) of
cook and ‘the food’ is object.)

While changing the sentence into passive, this structure

becomes

Have/has/had + subject + been + V-3 + by + agent ?

(Passive Voice)

Ex: Has the food been cooked by her? (Passive Voice)

(Here ‘The food’ becomes subject in passive voice, ‘cooked’
is V-3 (past participle) of cook, and ‘her’ is agent (doer))

See some more examples to clarify this

 Has Shubham written homework? (Active Voice)
Has homework been written by Shubham? (Passive
Voice)
 Has Simran learnt English? (Active Voice)
Has English been learnt by Simran? (Passive Voice)
 Had Sachin played cricket? (Active Voice)
Had cricket been played by Sachin? (Passive Voice)
Questions beginning with modals
Normal structure of interrogative sentence in active voice
starting with modals is

Modal + subject + verb + object ? (Active Voice)

Ex: Can she cook the food? (Active Voice)

(Here ‘she’ is subject, ‘cook’ is V-3 verb and ‘the food’ is
object.)

While changing the sentence into passive, this structure

becomes

Modal + subject + be + V-3 + by + agent ? (Passive

Voice)

Ex: Can the food be cooked by her? (Passive Voice)

(Here ‘The food’ becomes subject in passive voice, ‘cooked’
is V-3 (past participle) of cook, and ‘her’ is agent (doer))

See some more examples to clarify this

 Should Shubham write homework? (Active Voice)
Should homework be written by Shubham? (Passive
Voice)
 Would Simran learn English? (Active Voice)
Would English be learnt by Simran? (Passive Voice)
 May Sachin play cricket? (Active Voice)
May cricket be played by Sachin? (Passive Voice)
‘Wh’ questions
Questions starting with what, why, where, when, who,
whom etc are known as ‘wh’ questions

Normal structure of ‘wh’ questions in active voice is

‘Wh’ word + auxiliary + subject + verb + object ?

(Active Voice)

Ex: Why did she punish you? (Active Voice)

(Here ‘she’ is subject, ‘punish’ is verb and ‘you’ is object.)

While changing the sentence into passive, this structure

becomes

‘Wh’ word + auxiliary + subject + V-3 + by + agent ?

(Passive Voice)

Why were you punished by her? (Passive Voice)

(Here ‘you’ becomes subject in passive voice, ‘punished’ is
V-3 (past participle) of punish, and ‘her’ is agent (doer))
See some more examples to clarify this

 Why have you bought this ticket? (Active Voice)

Why has this ticket been bought by you? (Passive
Voice)
 When will you return the book? (Active Voice)
When will the book be returned by you? (Passive Voice)
 What did she buy? (Active Voice)
What was bought by her? (Passive Voice)
Questions beginning with ‘who’
In such kind of sentences who acts as subject.

See some examples to clear this

 Who wrote this letter? (Active Voice)

By whom was this letter written? (Passive Voice)
 Who will call him? (Active Voice)
By whom will he be called? (Passive Voice)
 Who painted this beautiful painting? (Active Voice)
By whom was this beautiful painting painted? (Passive
Voice)
 Who invited you? (Active Voice)
By whom are you invited? (Passive Voice)
 Who can break Sachin’s record? (Active Voice)
By whom can Sachin’s record be broken? (Passive
Voice)

Questions beginning with ‘whom’

 Whom has the principal honoured? (Active Voice)
Who has been honoured by the principal? (Passive
Voice)
 Whom has the police arrested? (Active Voice)
Who has been arrested by police? (Passive Voice)
 Whom have the people elected? (Active Voice)
Who has been elected by the people? (Passive Voice)
  Whom have the selectors selected? (Active Voice)
Who has been selected by the selectors? (Passive
Voice)
 Whom has she called? (Active Voice)
Who has been called by her? (Passive Voice)
 Changing Passive Voice to Active Voice.
 While changing Passive Voice into Active Voice, we must
keep in mind all the rules of the Active Voice in the
reverse order. We come across sentences in the Passive
Voice without subject or agent. In this case, supply the
appropriate subject.
To decide whether the given passive voice sentence is in
passive voice, any one of the following constructions
should be present.
          1. is, was ,are, were, am + past participle
          2. be + past participle
          3. being + past participle
          4. been + past participle
          5. Let ...be + past participle

 Changing Passive Voice to Active Voice.


Passive Voice Active Voice

The thief was finally The police finally arrested the

arrested thief

We were taught grammar The teacher taught us grammar

My purse has been stolen Somebody has stolen my purse

The patients were looked The doctor looked after the

after patients


 Passive voice / Impersonal passive
 Differences between passive voice with by phrase and impersonal
passive:
 Compare these two sentence:
          Last year, the Green-India scheme was
announced by the Government.
          Rare plants are found in Silent Valley.
 In the first sentence, the doer/agent is explicitly
mentioned because the doer is important in that sentence.
But in the second sentence it is not so, because either the
agent or doer of the action is too obvious or unknown.

The passive construction is quite common in scientific /

technical / business writing. In these types of objective
writing the emphasis is usually on the action or process or
thing that is described. So the ‘by’ phrase is generally
omitted in these writings. It is called Impersonal
Passive.
          They say that might is right.
It is said that might is right.
          One finds mosquitoes everywhere.
Mosquitoes are found everywhere.

          He gave us a cheque.
A cheque was given to us.
 Active and Passive Voice Tense-wise Rules – Present
Continuous Tense




 Active sentences in the present continuous tense have the following structure:
Subject + is/are/am + -ing form of the verb + object
Passive sentences in the present continuous tense have the following structure:
Object of the active sentence + is/are/am + being + past participle form of the
verb + by + subject of the active sentence.
 Examples are given below.
 Active: I am reading a story.
Passive: A story is being read by me.
Active: The engine is driving the train.
Passive: The train is being driven by the engine.
Active: She is singing a song.
Passive: A song is being sung by her.
Active: The carpenter is making furniture.
Passive: Furniture is being made by the carpenter.
 When the verb is followed by a preposition
 Read the sentence given below:
 My mother is talking to a stranger.
Here the noun a stranger is the object of the preposition to, and not the verb talking.
But this sentence can be changed into the passive:
 Passive: A stranger is being talked to by my mother.
Active: The children are laughing at the old beggar.
Passive: The old beggar is being laughed at by the children.
Active: I am waiting for him.
Passive: He is being waited for by me.
 Changing a negative sentence into the passive
 When a negative sentence is changed into the passive, not will come
between is/am/are and being.
 Active: She is not writing a story.
Passive: A story is not being written by her.
 Changing an interrogative sentence into the passive
 The passive forms of these sentences will begin with be (is/am/are). When the active
sentence begins with a question word such as when, whose, why, which and how,
the passive sentence will also begin with a question word. When the active sentence
begins with who or whose, the passive sentence will begin with by whom or by
whose. When the active sentence begins with whom, the passive sentence will
begin with who.

  Active: Are the masons building a house?
Passive: Is a house being built by the masons?
Active: Who is waiting for you?
Passive: By whom are you being waited for?
Active: Whom are you waiting for?
Passive: Who is being waited for by you?
Active: Why is he not learning his lessons?
Passive: Why are his lessons not being learnt by him?
Active: Whose father is helping you?
Passive: By whose father are you being helped?

Active and Passive Voice Rules -

Simple Present tense
Nusaiba November 27, 2018  0

Active and Passive Voice: Tense-wise

Rules

Simple Present tense

An Active sentence in the simple present tense has the following

structure:
Subject + first form of the verb + object
A passive sentence in the simple present tense has the following
structure:
Object of the active sentence + is/am/are + past participle form of
the verb + by + subject of the active sentence
Changing an assertive sentence into the passive
Active: I write a letter.
Passive: A letter is written by me.
Active: I help you.
Passive: You are helped by me.
Active: I love my parents.
Passive: My parents are loved by me.
Active: We love our country.
Passive: Our country is loved by us.
Changing a negative sentence into the passive
Active: I do not write a letter.
Passive: A letter is not written by me.
Active: I do not abuse my servants.
Passive: My servants are not abused by me.
Active: I do not write novels.
Passive: Novels are not written by me.
Active: He does not tease her.
Passive: She is not teased by him.
Changing an interrogative sentence into the passive
Structure: Is/are/am + object of the active verb + past participle form of
the verb + by + subject of the passive verb
Active: Do you write a letter?
Passive: Is a letter written by you?
Active: Do you write stories?
Passive: Are stories written by you?
Active: Does she make candles?
Passive: Are candles made by her?
Active: Who does not obey you?
Passive: By whom are you not obeyed?
Active: Which newspaper do you read?
Passive: Which newspaper is read by you?
Active: Does she do her duty?
Passive: Is her duty done by her?
Notes:
The object of the active verb becomes the subject of the passive verb.
Therefore, sentences which do not have an object cannot be changed
 into the passive. The following sentences, for instance, cannot be
changed into the passive because they do not have objects.

The old man sat in a corner.

The child sleeps.
The wind blows.
The dog barks.
The fire burns.
He laughed aloud.

Active and passive voice Rule with

modals
Nusaiba June 25, 2018  0

Modals Auxiliary Verb in Passive Voice Active Voice

I can solve these sums. These sums can
I cannot solve these sums. These sums can
Can/ Could Can/Could+ be+ 3rdverb Can I solve these sums? Can these sums
Has to/ Have to Has to/ Have to+3rdverb He has to complete his assignment. His assignment
Must Must+3rd verb You must learn this book. This book must
May may+be+3rd verb I may buy the book. The book may b
Might might+ be+ 3rd Verb They might play chess. Chess might be
Should should+ be+3rd verb Students should learn all lessons. All lessons shou

Active and passive voice with

Imperative Sentences
Nusaiba June 25, 2018  0
         Identify
the subject, the verb and the object: SVO
         Change the object into subject
         Putthe suitable helping verb or auxiliary verb. In case helping
verb is given, use the same. But note that the helping verb
given agrees with the object.
         Change the verb into past participle of the verb.

         Add the preposition "by"

         Change the subject into object.

Active Voice Passive Voice

I write a letter A letter is written by me

We must keep the rule The rule must be kept by us

You bought a book A book have been bought by you

He closed the window The window was closed by him

She was writing letters Letters were being written by her

I had posted a letter A letter had been posted by me

I do not drink tea Tea is not drunk by me

She does not eat a

mango A mango is not eaten by her

He will have finished his The work will have been finished
work by him

They are digging a well A well is being dug by them

Imperative Sentence :
If the given sentence in the active voice is in the imperative, to
get the passive voice use ‘Let’. HencePassive Voice = Let +
Object + be + Past Participle
Active Voice Passive Voice

Help me Let me be helped

 Sing a song Let a song be sing

Open the door Let the door be opened

Don’t eat this

fruit Let not this fruit be eaten
Questions in the Passive :
If the question in the Active Voice begins with a Helping verb
the Passive voice must also begin with a suitable helping verb.
Supposing the question begins with ‘Wh or How’ form (what,
when, how ...) the Passive Voice must begin with the same.
Active Voice Passive Voice

Are you writing a letter? Is a letter being written by you?

Is she beating the child? Is the child beaten by her?

Will you accept the Will the position be accepted by

position? you?

By whom was the window

Who broke the window? broken?

Why did you write such a Why was such a letter written
letter? by you?

Where can you hide this Where can this box be hidden
box? by you?

Sentence with two objects:

If a sentence contains two objects namely Indirect Object and

Direct Object in the Active Voice, two forms of Passive Voice
can be formed.
         She brought me a cup of coffee. (AV)

I was brought a cup of coffee by her. (PV) (or)

A cup of coffee was brought [to] me by her. (PV)
         The teacher teaches us grammar. (AV)
We are taught grammar by the teacher. (PV) (or)
Grammar is taught [to] us by the teacher. (PV)
         They made him king. (AV)

He was made king by them. (PV)

Infinitive and Gerund :

         I
want to shoot the tiger. (AV)
I want the tiger to be shoot. (PV)
I remember my father taking me to the theatre. (AV)
I remember being taken to the theatre by my father. (PV)

Active and passive voice: overview

chart
Nusaiba June 25, 2018  0
Here is a quick overview of the active and passive voice verb forms.
Tense Active voice Passive voice
Verb form: first form of the Verb form: is / am / are + past
verb participle form of the verb
Examples Examples
They speak English here. English is spoken here.
Simple present He speaks English. English is spoken by him.
tense
Verb form: is/am/are + being + past
Verb form: is/am/are + -ing participle form of the verb
form of the verb
Examples
Examples A letter is being written by her.
She is writing a letter. My lessons are being learnt by me.
Present I am learning my lessons. A cake is being made by you.
continuous tense You are making a cake.
Verb form: has/have + past Verb form: has/have + been + past
participle form of the verb participle form of the verb

Examples: Examples:

I have written a novel. A novel has been written by me.

resent perfect She has finished the job. The job has been finished by her.
tense You have written letters. Letters have been written by you.
Simple past Verb form: past tense form of Verb form: was/were + past
the verb participle form of the verb

Examples:
I wrote a letter.
Ram broke a glass.
You missed the chance.
Verb form: was/were + -ing
form of the verb
Examples
I was learning my lessons.
Past continuous She was writing a report.
tense They were making toys.
Verb form: had + past
participle form of the verb
Examples
I had finished the project.
Past perfect tense She had learned her lessons.
Verb form: will/shall + first
form of the verb
Examples
Simple future I will finish the job.
tense She will solve the problem.
Verb form: will/shall + have +
past participle form of the
verb
Examples
I will have finished the job.
She will have solved the
problem.
Future perfect
Examples:
A letter was written by me.
A glass was broken by Ram.
The chance was missed by you.
Verb form: was/were + being + past
participle form of the verb
Examples
My lessons were being learnt by me.
A report was being written by her.
Toys were being made by them.
Verb form: had + been + past
participle form of the verb
Examples:
The project had been finished by
me.
Her lessons had been learned by
her.
Verb form: will/shall + be + past
participle form of the verb
Examples:
The job will be finished by me.
The problem will be solved by her.
Verb form: will/shall + have + been
+ past participle form of the verb
Examples
The job will have been finished by
me.
The problem will have been solved
by her.
Rules of changing voice
Nusaiba November 13, 2015  1
Active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম:

Rule 1:
a)Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়ে যায়।
b) Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject এ রুপান্তর হয়।
c) মূল verb এর past participle হয় এবং subject ও tense অনুসারে auxiliary
verb/be verb হয়।

Rule 2:

Indefinite tense:
a)Present indefinite – am, is, are.
b) Past indefinite – was, were.
c) Future indefinite – shall be, will be.

Continuous tense:

a)Present Continuous- am being, is being, are being.

b) Past Continuous – was being, were being
c) Future Continuous - shall be being, will be being.

Perfect tense:

a)Present Perfect – has been, have been.

b) Past Perfect- had been.
c) Future Perfect- shall have been, will have been.

Rule 3:
a) Present indefinite tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive
voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + am/is/are + v3+ by + subject এর object.

Active – I play football.

Passive- Football is played by me.
Active- They eat rice.
Passive- Rice is eaten by them.

b) Present continuous tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive

voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + am being/is being/are being + v3+ by +
subject এর object.
Active: I am playing football.
Passive: football is being played by me.
Active: He is eating rice.
Passive: Rice is being eaten by him.

c) Present perfect tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive

voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + have been/ has been + v3+ by +
subject এর object.

Active: He has eaten rice.

Passive: Rice has been eaten by him.
Active: I have played football.
Passive: Football has been played by me.

d) Past indefinite tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive

voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + was/were + v3+ by + subject এর object

Active: I ate rice.

Passive: Rice was eaten by me.
Active: They played football.
Passive: Football were played by them.

e) Past continuous tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive

voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure:
Object এর subject + was being/were being + v3+ by +
subject এর object.

Active: I was eating rice.

Passive: rice was being eaten by me.
Active: They were catching fishes.
Passive: Fishes were being caught by them.

f) Past perfect tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive

voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + had been + v3+ by + subject এর object.

Active: I had eaten rice.

Passive: Rice had been eaten by me.
Active: we had dug the cannel.
Passive: The cannel had been dug by us.

g) Future indefinite tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive

voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure: Object এর subject + shall be/will be + v3+ by +

subject এর object.

Active: I will eat rice.

Passive: Rice will be eaten by me.
Active: They will play football.
Passive: Football will be played by them.
h) Future continuous tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive
voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + shall be being/will be being + v3+ by +
subject এর object.

Active: I will be eating rice.

Passive: Rice will be being eaten by me.
Active: They will be playing football.
Passive: Football will be being

i) Future perfect tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive

voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + shall have been /will have been + v3+ by +
subject এর object.

Active: I will have eaten rice.

Passive: Rice will have been eaten by me.
Active: They will have caught the fish.
Passive: The fish will have been caught by them.

Rule 4:
May, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to active voice কে passive
voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + may, might, can, could, must, ought to, going
to এর পরে be + v3+ by + subject এর object.
Active: I may help you.
Passive: you may be helped by me.
Active: you must do the work.
Passive: The work must be done by you.
Active: we ought to obey our teachers.
Passive: our teachers ought to be obeyed by us.
Active: we are going to open a shop.
Passive: A shop is going to be opened by us.

Rule 5:
Imperative sentence এর active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তরকরার নিয়ম-

A) শুধু মাত্র মূল verb দিয়েশুরু যুক্ত active voice কে passive
voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Let + object এর subject + be + v3

Active: close the door.

Passive: Let the door be closed.
Active: shut the window.
Passive: Let the window be shut.

B) Do not দিয়ে শুরু যুক্ত যুক্ত active voice কে passive

voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Let not + object এর subject + be + v3

Active: Do not close the door.

Passive: Let not the door be closed.
Active: Do not shut the window.
Passive: Let not the window be shut.
C) Let এর পর যদিকোন ব্যক্তিবাচক object (me, us, you, them, him,
her)থাকে এবং তাযদি Imperative sentence হয়, তাহলে active voice কে passive
voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Let + object এর subject + be + v3 + by + ব্যক্তিবাচক object.

Active: Let me play football.

Passive: Let the football be played by me.
Active: Let us sing a song.
Passive: let a song be sung by us.
Active: let him give the chance.
Passive: let the chance be given by him.

D) Never যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Let not + object এর subject + ever be + v3

Active: Never tell a lie.

Passive: Let not a lie ever be told.
Active: Never go there.
Passive: let not there ever be gone.

E) মূল verb এর পরযদি কোন ব্যক্তিবাচক object (me, us, you, them, him,

her) থাকে এবং তাযদি Imperative sentence হয়, তাহলে active voice কে passive
voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure: Let + direct
object টি বসবে (মূল verb এর পর যে object টি থাকে + be + v3 + for
+ব্যক্তিবাচক object

Active: Buy me a shirt.

Passive: let a shirt be bought for me.
Active: Give me a glass of water.
Passive: Let a glass of water be given for me.
Interrogative sentence

Rule 6:
Interrogative sentence যুক্ত active voice কে passive
voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

A) Structure:
Interrogative sentence কেAssertive
sentence এরুপান্তর করে নিতেহবে + রুপান্তরিত Assertive sentence এর active
voice থেকে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করতে হবে + এবাররুপান্তরিত passive
voice এর auxiliary verb টিকে প্রথমে বসাতে হবে + শেষেপ্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে। ****
Tense অনুসারে করতে হবে।

Active: Have you eaten rice?

Assertive: You have eaten rice.
Assertive এর passive: Rice has been eaten by you.
Passive এ রুপান্তর: Has rice been eaten by you?
Active: Is he reading a book?
Assertive: He is reading a book.
Assertive এর passive: A book is being read by him.
Passive এ রুপান্তর: Is a book being read by him?
Active: Did you play football?
Assertive: you played football.
Assertive এর passive: Football was played by you.
Passive এ রুপান্তর: Was football played by you?

B) Who যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Who এর পরিবর্তে  By whom + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb +
object এর subject + অনেক সময় tense অনুযায়ী কর্ত ার পরে be/ being/
been বসাতে হয় + V3+ ?.

Active: Who is playing football?

Passive: BY whom is football being played?
Active: who will help me?
Passive: By whom will I be helped?

C) Whom যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Whom এর পরিবর্তে  who + tense ও person অনুযায়ী

Auxiliary verb + V3 + by + subject এর object +?

Active: Whom did you see on the road?

Passive: who was seen by you on the road?
Active: Whom has he murdered in this home?
Passive: Who is murdered by him in this home?

D) What যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
What + tense ও person অনুযায়ীAuxiliary verb + V3 + by +
subject এর object +?

Active: What do you want?

Passive: What is wanted by you?

Rule 7:
Subject + verb + object + present participle যুক্ত active voice কে passive
voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + tense ও person অনুযায়ীAuxiliary verb + v3 +
present participle যুক্ত অংশটি + by + subject এর object.

Active: I saw him playing cricket.

Passive: He was seen playing cricket by me.
Active: I took him for my friend.
Passive: He was taken for my friend by me.

Rule 8:
Double object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
দুইটা object এর যে কোনএকটি subject করতে হয় (personal
object কে subject এরুপান্তর করলে ভাল) + v3 +
tense ও person অনুযায়ীAuxiliary verb + প্রদত্তবাকি object টি বসে + by +
active voice এর subject টিobject রুপে হয়।

Active: I gave him a flower. Passive: He was given a flower by me.

Active: He teaches us math. Passive: we are taught English by him.
Rule 9:
Complex and compound sentence যুক্ত active voice কে passive
voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Complex and compound sentence যুক্ত active

voice এ রূপান্তরের সময় উভয় clause এর voice পরিবর্ত ন হয়।

Active: I know that he did the work.

Passive: It is known to me that the work was done by him.
Active: He told me that he had done the work.
Passive: I was told that the work had been done by him.
Note: Active voice “people say” দিয়েশুরু হলে It is said দিয়েpassive
voice করাই ভাল।

Active: people say that the lion is the king of forest.

Passive: It is said that the lion is the lion is the king of forest.

Rule 10:
Intransitive verb যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

সাধারনত Intransitive verb এর passive voice হয় না। তবেIntransitive

verb এরপরে preposition যুক্ত হয়ে যদিgroup verb গঠন করে এবং তাIntransitive
verb হিসেবেব্যবহৃত হয় তাহলে–

Structure: Object টি subject + tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + v3

+ প্রদত্ত preposition + by + subject টির object।

Active: The truck run over the boy.

Passive: The boy was run over by the truck.
Active: they looked at the poor man.
Passive: The poor man was looked at by them.
Rule 11:

Reflexive object (myself, ourselves, yourselves, yourself, themselves,

himself, herself) যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Active voice subject টিঅপরিবর্তি ত অবস্থায় passive
voice এর subject হিসেবে হবে + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + v3 +
by + Reflexive object বসবে।

Active: He hanged himself.

Passive: He was hanged by himself.
Active: you killed yourself.
Passive: you were killed by yourself.

Rule 12:
Factitive object/Complementary object যুক্ত active voice কে passive
voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Factitive object/Complementary object( select, elect, nominate, make,

call, name ইত্যাদিtransitive
verb থাকাসত্ত্বেও সম্পূর্ণ রুপে অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে পারে না। পরিপূর্ণঅর্থ প্রকাশ করার জন্য 
অতিরিক্ত object আনতে হয়। এইরুপঅতিরিক্ত object কেFactitive
object/Complementary object বলে।

Structure:
নামবাচক object টির (me, us, you, them, him, her)
object টিsubject হয়।+ tense ও person অনুযায়ীAuxiliary verb + v3 +
Factitive object + by + subject এর object।
Active: They made me captain.
Passive: I was made captain by them.
Active: we call him liar.
Passive: He is called liar by us.

Rule 13:
Cognate object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Cognate object এর সংজ্ঞা– কিছু  intransitive

verb তাদের সমর্থক object নিয়ে transitive
verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। এধরনের object কে Cognate object বলে।

Structure: Object টি subject + tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + v3 + by

+ subject টির object।

Active: he caught a fish.

Passive: A fish was caught by him.
Active: you ran a race.
Passive: A race was run by you.

Rule 14:
Infinitive যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject + মূল verb + infinitive এর পরের object
(যদি থাকে) + to be + infinitive এর পরের verb এর v3.

Active: He wants someone to take camera.

Passive: He wants camera to be taken.
Active: He wants you to write a letter.
Passive: He wants a letter to be written.

Rule 15:
Gerund combinations অর্থাৎ advise/ propose/ recommend/ suggest +
gerund + object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject + মূল verb + that +
gerund এর পরের object টি + should be
+ প্রদত্ত gerund টি verb এ রূপান্তরিত হয়ে v3 বসে।

Active: He suggested giving up smoking.

Passive: He suggested that smoking should be given up.
Active: He wanted playing football.
Passive: He wanted that football should be played.

Rule 16:

Agree, be anxious, arrange, determine, be determined, decide, demand,

+ infinitive + object object যুক্ত active voice কে passive
voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject + মূল verb + that + infinitive এর পরের +
object + should be + infinitive এর পরের verb এর v3.

Active: He decided to buy the house.

Passive: He decided that the house should be bought.
Active: you agreed to sell the house.
Passive: You agreed that the house should be sold.
Rule 17:
One + should যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

Structure:
Object এর subject + should be + v3

Active: one should take care of one’s education.

Passive: Education should be taken care of.
Active: one should tell the truth.
Passive: Truth should be told.