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H Be F Ar Mn Ge Rb Ru In Xe Nd Gd Yb Ta Os Hg Bi Th
1 - 99.98% 9 - 100% 19 - 100% 36 - 0.3% 55 - 100% 70 - 21.2% 85 - 72.2% 96 - 5.5% 113 - 4.3% 128 - 1.9% 142 154 - 2.2% 170 - 3.1% 186 - 1.6% 198 - 10.0% 209 - 100% 232 - 100%
- 27.1% 180 - 0.01% 187 - 1.6%
2 - 0.02%
B Ne 40 - 99.6%
Fe 72 - 27.7% 87 - 27.8% 98 - 1.9% 115 - 95.7% 129 - 26.4%
143 - 12.2%
155 - 14.8% 171 - 14.3%
181 - 99.99% 188 - 13.3%
199 - 16.9% Po Pa
Sr
99 - 12.7%
He 10 - 19.9% 20 - 90.5% K 54 - 5.9% 73 - 7.7% 100 - 12.6% Sn 130 - 4.1%
144 - 23.8%
156 - 20.5% 172
173
-
-
21.9%
16.1%
189 - 16.1% 200
201
-
-
23.1%
13.2%
209 - 100%
At
231 - 100%
4 - ~100% 11 - 80.1% 21 - 0.3% 39 - 93.3% 56 - 91.7% 74 - 35.9% 86 - 9.9% 101 - 17.1% 112 - 1.0%
131 - 21.2% 157 - 15.7%
174 - 31.8% W 190
192
-
-
26.4%
41.0% 202 - 29.9%
Li C
22 - 9.3%
41 - 6.7% 57 - 2.1% 78 - 7.4% 87 - 7.0% 102 - 31.6% 132 - 26.9% 145 - 8.3% 158 - 24.8% 176 - 12.7%
Ir
210 - 100% U
Na 88 - 82.6% 116 - 14.5% 182 - 26.3% 204 - 6.9%
6 - 7.5% 12 - 98.9% Ca Co As
104 - 18.6%
117 - 7.7%
134 - 10.4% 146 - 17.2% 160 - 21.9%
Lu Tl Rn 235 - 0.7%
Y
191 - 37.3%
7 - 92.5% 13 - 1.1% 23 - 100%
40 - 96.9% Rh 118 - 24.2%
136 - 8.9% 148 - 5.8% Tb 175 - 97.4%
183 - 14.3%
193 - 62.7% 222 - 100% 238 - 99.3%
N Mg 42 - 0.7%
59 - 100% 75 - 100% 89 - 100% 103 - 100% 119 - 8.6% Cs 150 - 5.6% 159 - 100% 176 - 2.6% 184 - 30.7%
Pt
203 - 29.5%
Fr
1 24 - 79.0% Ni Se Zr Pd Hf
205 - 70.5%
18
14 - 99.63%
25 - 10.0%
44 - 2.1% 120 - 32.6% 133 - 100%
Pm Dy 186 - 28.6% 194 - 32.9%
Pb
223 - 100%
Sc 58 - 68.1% 195 - 33.8%
Ra
Atomic
90 232.0
Atomic
Weight
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Number 3,4 5.54 3,4 5.46 3 5.53 3 5.55 3,2 5.64 3,2 5.67 3 6.15 3,4 5.86 3 5.94 3 6.02 3 6.11 3,2 6.18 3,2 6.25 3 5.43
Radioactive [Xe]4f 1 5d 1 6s 2 [Xe]4f 3 6s 2 [Xe]4f 4 6s 2 [Xe]4f 5 6s 2 [Xe]4f 6 6s 2 [Xe]4f 7 6s 2 [Xe]4f 7 5d 1 6s 2 [Xe]4f 9 6s 2 [Xe]4f 10 6s 2 [Xe]4f 11 6s 2 [Xe]4f 12 6s 2 [Xe]4f 13 6s 2 [Xe]4f 14 6s 2 [Xe]4f 14 5d 1 6s 2
Symbol Th Element
1st Ionization
Cerium
232.0
Praseodymium
231.0
Neodymium Promethium
238.0 237
Samarium
244
Europium
243
Gadolinium
247
Terbium
247
Dysprosium
251
Holmium
252
Erbium
257
Thulium
258
Ytterbium
259
Lutetium
262
Oxidation 4 6.08 Potential
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
States
[Rn]6d27s2 Electron Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Configuration 4 6.08 5,4 5.89 6,5,4,3 6.19 6,5,4,3 6.27 6,5,4,3 6.06 6,5,4,3 5.99 3 6.02 4,3 6.23 3 6.30 3 6.42 3 6.50 3,2 6.58 3,2 6.65 3 4.9
Name Thorium [Rn]6d 2 7s 2 [Rn]5f 2 6d 1 7s 2 [Rn]5f 3 6d 1 7s 2 [Rn]5f 4 6d 1 7s 2 [Rn]5f 6 7s 2 [Rn]5f 7 7s 2 [Rn]5f 7 6d 1 7s 2 [Rn]5f 9 7s 2 [Rn]5f 10 7s 2 [Rn]5f 11 7s 2 [Rn]5f 12 7s 2 [Rn]5f 13 7s 2 [Rn]5f 14 7s 2 [Rn]5f 14 6d 1 7s 2
Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
10.81
rhom 12.01
hex 14.01
gas 16.00
gas 19.00
gas 20.18
bcc hex
FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS 5 6 7 8 9 10 gas
Li Be R = 8.314 J mol-1 K-1 (for energy calculations) Force: Newton, N = J m-1 = kg m s-2
B
B C
C N
N2 O
O2 FF2 Ne
Ne
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quickstudy.com
3 4,2 -2 -1
R = 0.082 1 atm mol-1 K-1 (for gas property calculations) Mass of a proton, mp = 1.673 × 10-27 kg
hundreds of titles at
20900
1 77.5
4.34 41500
2 150.0
6.11 22
3 305.0
6.56 5650
4 429.0
6.83 120
5.3 458.6
6.75 102
6,3,2 348.8 950
6.77 7,6,4,2,3 219.7
7.43 56300
2,3 351.0
7.90 25
2,3 382.4
7.88 84
2,3 371.8
7.64 60
2,1 304.6
7.73 70
2 115.5
9.39 19
3 254.0
5.10 1.5
4 334.0
7.90 +1.8
3,5 31.9
9.81 2,4,6 95.48
+0.05 9.75 1,5 29.96
+2.4 11.81 <0.001
_ 9.08
14.00
Ar]4s 12.33
0.89 [ Ar]4s 28.54
1.54 [ 2.99 14.10
Ar]3d 1 4s 2
[ 4.51 14.15
Ar]3d 2 4s 2
[ Ar]3d 3 4s21.5
6.0 2
[ Ar]3d 5 4s21.0
7.15 1
[ 7.3 12.91
Ar]3d 5 4s 2
[ 7.87 13.81
Ar]3d 6 4s 2
[ Ar]3d 7 4s16.2
8.86 2
[ 8.90 17.48
Ar]3d 8 4s 2
[ 8.96 13.26
Ar]3d 10 4s 1
[ 7.14 7.32
Ar]3d 10 4s 2
[ 5.91 10 4s5.59
Ar]3d 2 1
p [ 5.32 10 4s36.94
Ar]3d 2 2
p [ 5.72 10 4s24.44
Ar]3d 2 3
p [ 4.80 10 4s6.69
Ar]3d 2 4
p [ 3.12 10 4s10.57
Ar]3d 2 5
p [ 3.73 10 4s1.64
Ar]3d 2 6
p [
759
Potassium 64 1484
Calcium 842 2836
Scandium 1541 3287
Titanium 1668 3407
Vanadium 1910 2671 1907
Chromium Manganese2061 1246 2861 Iron 1538 2927
Cobalt 1495 2913
Nickel 1455 2562
Copper 1085 907Zinc420 2204 30
Gallium 2833 939
Germanium 603sp 817tp
Arsenic 685 221
Selenium 59 -7
Bromine -153 -157tp
Krypton
bcc fcc hex hex bcc bcc hex hex fcc fcc fcc hex tetra tetra rhom hex ortho 131.3
54 gas
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I2 Xe
Xe
90 69.2 370 139.0 33 393.0 165 581.6 20 696.6 1.2 594.1 synthetic 585.0 0.001 567.8 0.001 495.4 0.015 393.0 0.075 255.1 0.15 99.87 0.25 226.4 2.3 290.4 0.2 67.9 0.001 114.1 0.45 41.57 <0.001
_ 12.57
12.13
1.53 2.19 2.64 7.43 4.47 11.4 6.52 21.0 8.57 30.0 10.2 37.48 11 33.29 12.1 38.59 12.4 26.59 12.0 16.74 10.5 11.30 8.69 6.19 7.31 3.28 7.26 7.03 6.68 19.87 6.24 17.49 4.92 15.52 5.89 10 5s2.27
Kr]4d 2 6
p [
688 39 1382 777 3345 1522 4409 1855 4744 2477 4639 2623 4265 2157 4150 2334 3695 1964 2963 1555 2162 962 767 321 2072 157 2602 232 1587 631 988 450 184 114 -108 -112tp
Xenon
bcc bcc hex hex bcc bcc hex hex fcc fcc fcc liquid hex fcc rhom cubic -
86 gas222
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Rn
3 65.9 425 140.0 39 399.6 3 661.1 2 753.1 1.3 799.1 <0.001 707.1 0.002 627.6 0.001 563.6 0.005 510.5 0.004 324.0 0.085 59.11 0.85 162.1 14 179.5 0.009 151.0 <0.001 101.0 <0.001 - <0.001
_ 18.1
10.75
1.93 2.09 3.62 7.12 6.15 6.20 13.3 27.2 16.4 36.57 19.3 52.31 20.8 60.43 22.6 57.85 22.5 41.12 21.5 22.17 19.3 12.55 13.53 2.29 11.8 4.14 11.3 4.77 9.79 11.3 9.2 - - - 9.73
Xe]4f 2.89
14 10 2 6
5d 6s p [
671 28 1897 727 3464 918 4603 2233 5458 3017 5555 3422 5596 3186 5012 3033 4428 2446 3825 1768 2856 1064 357 -39 1473 304 1749 328 1564 271 962 254 - 302 Radon-71
-62
bcc bcc fcc hex bcc bcc hex hex fcc bcc bcc hex - - - - - gas
Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
<0.001 - <0.001 136.8 <0.001 418.0 disc. 1964 disc. 1967 disc. 1974 disc. 1981 disc. 1984 disc. 1982 disc. 1994 disc. 1994 disc. 1996 disc. 2004 disc. 1999 disc. 2010 disc. 2000 disc. 2010 disc. 2006
- - 5.0 7.15 10.0 14.2 Dubna, Russia Dubna, Russia Dubna, Russia Darmstadt, Germany Darmstadt, Germany Darmstadt, Germany Darmstadt, Germany Darmstadt, Germany Darmstadt, Germany Dubna, Russia Dubna, Russia Dubna, Russia Dubna, Russia Dubna, Russia Dubna, Russia
Berkeley, CA, US
- 27 - 700 3198 1051
Crystal cubic = simple cubic bcc = body-centered cubic fcc = face-centered cubic
hex = hexagonal ortho = orthohombic rhom = rhombohedral
Structures tetra = tetragonal mono = monoclinic - = unknown
fcc hex hex hex rhom bcc hex hex hex hex hex hex fcc hex
State at Standard Symbol
Temperature & Pressure
Solid Liquid Gas
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
66.5 314.0 9.2 333.0 41.5 284.0 synthetic - 7.05 192.0 2.0 176.0 6.2 312.0 1.2 391.0 5.2 293.0 1.3 251.0 3.5 293.0 0.52 247.0 3.2 159.0 0.8 428.0
fcc Enthalpy of 6.77 5.46 6.77 6.89 7.01 7.14 7.26 7.7 7.52 8.62 5.24 9.21 7.90 10.0 8.23 10.15 8.55 11.06 8.80 17.0 9.07 19.9 9.32 16.84 6.90 7.66 9.84 22.0
Vaporization 3443 798 3520 931 3074 1021 3000 1042 1794 1074 1529 822 3273 1313 3230 1356 2567 1412 2700 1474 2868 1529 1950 1545 1196 819 3402 1663
Ce
Elemental Abundance kJ/mole
mg per kg of crust Liquid→Gas fcc tetra ortho ortho mono hex hex hex hex fcc fcc fcc fcc 131.3
117 hex
Density
Solid, liquid: g/cm3 (20°C & 66.5 314.0 Enthalpy of Fusion
kJ/mole
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
H
1 atm) 9.6 543.9 <0.001 481.0 2.7 423.0 synthetic 337.0 synthetic 344.0 synthetic - synthetic 387.0 synthetic 310.0 synthetic 196.0 synthetic 133.0 synthetic - synthetic - synthetic - +synthetic
1,3,5,7 13.60 -
Gas: g/liter (0°C & 1 atm) 6.77 5.46 Solid→Liquid
∆Hf at Tm 11.7 13.81 15.4 12.34 19.1 9.14 20.2 3.20 19.7 2.82 13.6 14.39 13.5 15.0 14.8 - - - - - - - - - - - Xe]4f- 14 5d 10 6s-2 p 6 [
3443 798 tp = triple point 4788 1750 - 1572 4131 1135 - 644 3228 640 2011 1176 3100 1345 - 1050 - 900 - 860 - 1527 - 827 - 827 - 1627
Lawrencium
Boiling Point
°C and 1atm; Melting Point
Liquid↔Gas °C & 1atm
sp = sublimation point Solid↔Liquid