Similarities between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

cells
Similarities in Cell Membrane
1. Both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells have a semi-fluid phospholipid bilayer
cell membrane. This is also known as the plasma membrane.

2. The cell membrane holds all the material inside the cell and the cytoplasm
is the fluid that is present inside the cell membrane.

3. In the plasma membrane, the phosphate head of each phospholipid

molecule is hydrophilic (water-loving). These are oriented towards the outside
and inside of the cell.

4. In the plasma membrane, the lipid tail of each phospholipid molecule is

hydrophobic (water-hating) in nature. These are oriented towards each other
the outside thus remaining away from the water, inside and outside of the cell.

5. Its non-permeable to ions, proteins, and other molecules, while permeable

to other molecules that may move through the membrane.

Similarities in Genetic Materials

1. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells use the double-stranded DNA
(Deoxyribonucleic Acid) as the genetic material of the cell.

2. In both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, the DNA molecules are condensed with
the support of different proteins. In eukaryotes, the DNA is wrapped around
proteins called Histones. In prokaryotes, the DNA is wrapped around proteins
called HU which are not Histone proteins but similar to it..

3. In both the type of cells, transcription takes place to form RNA which later
translates to proteins. Thus, protein synthesis can be seen in both the types of
cells.

4. Both follow the semi-conservative model of DNA replication. In this process,

DNA-dependent DNA Polymerase is used as a catalyst.
5. During DNA replication, DNA Helicase unwinds the double-stranded DNA
chain and then the new DNA strand is replicated from the old strand using
DNA Polymerase.

6. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes both contain non-coding DNA which

helps in the formation of small non-coding RNA molecules that influence gene
expression.

Similarities in Ribosomes
1. Ribosomes are present in both Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells. It consists
of a large subunit and a small subunit.

2. In both the types of cells, ribosomes facilitate RNA translation and then the
synthesis of proteins respectively.

3. These are granule like structures and in both the organisms, the ribosomes
are similar in structure. These ribosomes are complexes of rRNA molecules
and proteins

4. Ribosomes are the sites in a cell in which protein synthesis takes place.
Within the ribosome, the rRNA molecules direct the catalytic steps of protein
synthesis.

Similarities in Cytoplasm
1. The cytoplasm found in the prokaryotic cells is the same as the cytoplasm
in eukaryotic cells. It is a gel-like fluid found bounded by the plasma
membrane.

2. It is a viscous substance present inside the cell in which all of the other
cellular materials remain suspended.

3. It is the gel-like cytosol, a water-based solution that contains ions, small

molecules, and macromolecules.

4. The cytoplasm along with the cell membrane helps in providing the shape
and size to the cell.

5. The cytoplasm also helps in the exchange of materials between the inside
of the cell and the outside world through the plasma membrane.
Similarities in Cell Division
1. Prokaryotes follow Binary Fission of Cell Division and Eukaryotes follow
Mitotic Cell division.  The similarity is that both produces identical daughter
cells.

2. In both the type of cells, cell growth occurs first and later followed by the
division of the genetic material and the entire cell, including replication of the
ribosomes.

3. No matter what, all cells come from preexisting cells through the process

of cell division only in both types of cells.

4.  All of the cell parts and organelles must be duplicated and then separated
when the cell divides.