Presentation - Client Fire Safety Assessment - 15 March 2014

Group 3.3

Pawel Krupa Joakim Sandström Oskar Lind Ross Johnston

CONTENTS

Brief

• Assessment Methodology

-People Movement

-Smoke Management

-Structural Response

• Design Recommendations
Brief Methodology People Smoke Structure Recommendation

Scenario Brief

• Fire heating structure

from underneath balcony.

• Mechanical ventilation

•100% of structural load

•Fire type – ISO 834

• 5 Levels above ground

floor. 200 people occupying
each level
Brief Methodology People Smoke Structure Recommendation

HOLISTIC DESIGN APPROACH

People

Smoke

Structural
Response
Brief Methodology People Smoke Structure Recommendation

ADVANCED CALCULATION – PEOPLE MOVE

Brief Methodology People Smoke Structure Recommendation

ADVANCED CALCULATION – PEOPLE MOVE

Brief Methodology People Smoke Structure Recommendation

ADVANCED CALCULATION – PEOPLE MOVE

Evacuation Time (minutes : seconds)
– based on 200 people per floor. Escape rate 60p/min. Also
considered no escape rate, not as onerous.

Level 5: 3:57
Level 4: 4:16
Level 3: 4:46
Level 2: 4:57
Level 1: 5:21

Ground Floor: 7:03

Bottle neck at ground floor, need additional exits

Brief Methodology People Smoke Structure Recommendation

ADVANCED CALCULATION - FDS

Brief Methodology People Smoke Structure Recommendation

RSET - ASET
21
18
14
Height [m]

Evacuation height
11
7 Smoke filling height
4
0
0 5 Time [min] 10 15
 Brief Methodology People Smoke Structure Recommendation

ADVANCED CALCULATION – LS DYNA

Time-temperature curves
1 000

900

800

700
concrete
Temperature [[°C]

600 web2
web1
500
bottom flange edges

400 bottom flange center

top flange edges
300 top flange center
ISO fire curve
200

100

0
0.00 600.00 1 200.00 1 800.00 2 400.00 3 000.00 3 600.00
Time [s]
Brief Methodology People Smoke Structure Recommendation
 Brief Methodology People Smoke Structure Recommendation

0.14
0.12
(z-
Vertical displacement (z
displacement) [m]

0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
-0.02 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Time [s]
Brief Methodology People Smoke Structure Recommendation
Brief Methodology People Smoke Structure Recommendation

COMPARISON

Advanced model comprised part of overall continuous structure. For

accurate design, required application of additional loading.

Simplified design approach allowed for check. With advanced

analysis, important to sum up forces within model, and compare
with applied permanent + variable.
Brief Methodology People Smoke Structure Recommendation

Design Recommendations:
1. Ensure appropriate cover to concrete and thickness of steel flange.
Small increase in section design leads to reduced need for applied
fire protection. Also need to ensure protection of fire fighters inside
building.

2. Introduce additional exits at rear of each level and at ground floor to

prevent ‘bottleneck’ on ground floor.

3. Move mechanical ventilation away from balcony, forcing smoke flow

diagonally away from where persons will be descending staircases

4. Provide reservoir glazing under balcony parapet at stairs.

5. Include sufficient illuminated escape signage with emergency lighting

to guide persons to safety during escape.
Brief Methodology People Smoke Structure Recommendation
Brief Methodology People Smoke Structure Recommendation
Thank you, Questions?