GE Energy

International trends in the Biogas business

for Jenbacher gas engines
Thomas Elsenbruch
Marketing Program Manager
Jenbacher gas engines
thomas.elsenbruch@ge.com

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GE Jenbacher Company Overview/
June 13, 2007
Biogas
Overview and Process
Market development
Jenbacher
JB StrengthStrength
Reference Sites
Biogas
Landfill gas Sewage gas

Agricultural waste Organic waste

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Jenbacher biogas application/
June 13, 2007
GE‘s Jenbacher gas engine business offers
customized biogas solutions

(in case of food waste)

Jenbacher biogas-cogeneration units are core part of biogas plant, but
enhanced digester-technology
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Jenbacher biogas application/
June 13, 2007
Operational conditions of the fermentation
process
• Temperature
mesophile process: 35 - 40°C
thermophile process: 50 - 55°C
• Retention time
minimum 15 days
range: 20 - 50 days
typical: 25 - 30 days
Dry matter concentration
dry fermentation: 20 - 30%
wet fermentation: 10 - 15%
• Absence of oxygen
• pH value from 6.5 to 7.5
Gas composition:
50 – 70% methane (CH4)
30 – 50% carbon dioxide (CO2)
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Jenbacher biogas application/
June 13, 2007
Biogas yields of 1t suitable organic materials
Biogas El. Energy El. Output Residue after
Kind of material %DM
[Nm³/t] [kWh/t] [kW*/1000t] fermentation [t]
Meat & Bone meal 90 860 2200 268,3 0,3
Oil-seeds residues 90 600 1443 176,0 0,4
Corn (grain) 73 525 1030 125,6 0,48
Waste bread 70 500 925 112,8 0,5
Slaughterhouse waste (innards) 30 320 770 93,9 0,77
Grease trap residues 25 250 640 78,0 0,82
Corn silage 40 260 510 62,2 0,74
Food waste 18 180 450 54,9 0,87
Pomace (vine) 40 180 430 52,4 0,8
Grass silage 33 200 384 46,8 0,8
Flotate (slaughter house) 15 145 375 45,7 0,87
Blood 20 140 336 41,0 0,86
Organic waste 30 120 290 35,4 0,85
Chicken Manure 25 100 240 30,0 0,95
Draff (beer) 20 75 185 22,6 0,93
Vegetable residues 12 70 174 21,2 0,91
Vinasses (sugar) 65 150 120 14,6 0,85
Whey (dairy) 2 25 60 7,3 0,98
Cow manure 8 40 80 6,6 0,98
Pig manure 6 21 50 6,1 0,98
distiller's wash 4 19 47 5,7 0,98
Sewage sludge 4,4 14 32 3,9 0,98
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* Based on 8, 200 op.hrs/a ; Source: AAT Jenbacher biogas application/
June 13, 2007
Biogas
Overview and Process
Market development
JB Strength
Reference Sites
AD of biomass – Jenbacher biogas fleet:
• Sewage gas: more than 380 installed engines (225 MW )
• Biogas: more than 1 450 installed engines (985 MW )
450 450

400 400

350 350

300 300
# units/a

250 250

MWel/a
200 200

150 150

100 100

50 50

0 0
93

94

95

96

97

98

99

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08
19

19

19

19

19

19

19

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20
• Strong renewable energy laws made this development possible
• GE-Jenbacher is (one of) the preferred suppliers in the European non-natural gas segment
• Jenbacher is preferred supplier for many of the big European (German) biogas EPCs

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Jenbacher biogas application/
June 13, 2007
AD of Biomass – Jenbacher biogas fleet:
Installed in Bio/sewage gas plants until 31.12.2008:
Germany 915 engines 527 MW
Italy 165 engines 112 MW
Austria 121 engines 48 MW
Netherlands 75 engines 76 MW
Spain 46 engines 47 MW
Czech Rep. 43 engines 29 MW
Hungary 20 engines 11 MW
Poland 16 engines 11 MW
India 49 engines 39 MW
Thailand 45 engines 54 MW
Indonesia 30 engines 32 MW

Jenbacher Biogas installations in more than 40 countries

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Jenbacher biogas application/
June 13, 2007
Development of Biogas in Germany
EEG in Germany Developm. of Biogas in Germany

• Long-time tariff-guarantee 1.400

(currently 0.19 €/kWh) for
operators of Eco-power-plants 1.200

Cum. inst. electr. biogas cap. [MW

Total

(20 years) GEJ

1.000
• Fair tariffs including index-
800
adaptation
• Obligation to buy eco-power 600

• Criteria for Energy Efficiency and 400

Innovation bonus
200
EEG as Job engine in Germany
0
• 134,000 Jobs are directly related to 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
the EEG
Germany‘s biogas plants deliver
• German Suppliers play key role decentralized energy at the volume
internationally of large thermal power plant

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Jenbacher biogas application/
June 13, 2007
Leading European biogas EPCs
• More than 100 biogas EPCs active from Europe (Germany)
• All of the below listed companies work with GE-Jenbacher

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Jenbacher biogas application/
June 13, 2007
Biogas production in Europe

Potential of biogas: 1/3 of the EU gas demand

could be covered by biogas (Source: DBFZ Leipzig)
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Jenbacher biogas application/
June 13, 2007
Agricultural Biogas Potential Europe
Western Europe Eastern Europe RUS:
POL: No bio-energy policy
UK: Green certificates as established
2 ROCs/MWh and incentive helped initiate first
new tariff scheme projects (~0.11 ct/kWh) ~8,000MW
creates numerous 1,600/32MW
projects 4.000/3MW GER: 4,200/2MW
2.000/70MW
New EEG gives a re-
launch for biogas in UKR: First two projects
9,100/550MW GER, featuring smaller 1,400/15MW ~5,000MW realized, incentive
11,400/1MW installations 600MW structure not yet in
1,500MW place
ITA: 190/8MW 2,200MW
ROM:
3.000/60MW Most attractive 250/2MW Green
incentives (0,22€/kWh) SVN+ CRO: certificates
5,200/28MW but permission Attract. BGR: not yet
procedures unclear incentives No support established
established mechanism
established
Potential ’09- ’11: 500MW Potential ’09- ’11: 400MW
Policies and Market dynamics: Policies and Market dynamics:
• Most attractive feed-in tariffs currently in ITA • Most attractive feed-in tariffs currently in CZE
(0,22€/kWh) and GER (0,20€/kWh) (0,16 €/kWh), SVK (0,15€/kWh) and CRO
• GER: new EEG supports smaller installations (0,17€/kWh)
• ITA: new rules shall be clear in Jan ‘09 • Around 80 MW/a from biogas to be expected
• UK: numerous projects with German EPCs during the next years from these 3 countries
• FRA: feed-in tariff (~10-12€ct/kWh) initiates • Energa & Enerco in Poland develop each 200
some projects from bio-waste MW biogas during next 5 years.
• NLD: new tariffs support development in 2009
xxx MW TAM Potential in 2020
Source: Fraunhofer-Studie Biogaspotential in Europa bubble size = potential
white bubble = installed base JB 13/
Jenbacher biogas application/
9/17/2009
 Biogas potential from South East Asia
(based on current production)

Sugarcane: 520 MW Lobbying /Sales

THA Sugarcane: • Build relation to key customers
260 MW
Cassava: 533MW • Get in contact with communities in
PHI the field of Cassava, Palm oil and ethanol
MAL producers
Palm oil • Support end customers with financing
355 MW solutions, Carbon developers
Palm oil • Organize seminars for end- customers in
330 MW Sugarcane Ethanol, Cassava and Palm-Oil industry
Cassava: 474MW Cassava
Corn
Rice
IDN
Sugarcane: 214 MW
Palm Oil
Coconut
Product
Potential ’09- ’11: 400MW • Complete package with gas
[MW]SugarCass.PalmTotal Growth Policy Infrastr. conditioning (desulfurization,
dehumidification) as Italthai delivers in
THA 520 530 50 1100 ++ ++ + Thailand
IDN 215 475 330 1020 ++ + -- • Optimal package with J320 C121 from
MAL 10 355 365 0 -- +
Hangzhou

PHI 260 40 300 + + -

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Jenbacher biogas application/
June 13, 2007
 Biogas potential from Indian Ethanol industry
Market Background
• ~400 distilleries in India in total
Sugarcane • 112 distilleries with biogas digesters
Sorghum already installed – TAM 290 MW
Cassava
• Biogas currently used for process steam
Th ce, S

Corn
Ri
e G ug

Wheat & partly for power gen with steam

an arc

Rice
turbines
ge an

Potato
s r e,

• Power-gen potential with gas engines 4

ive W
r b hea

times higher
as t
in

• Critical topic: high H2S content in biogas

Project Approach
• Establish cooperation with
companies with know-how in the
field of desulfurization
Southern India
Sugarcane, Rice,
(BioGasclean, Ecoboard)
Cassava • Team up with local EPC-company and
Clarke India
Potential ’09- ’11: 150 MW • Build up relations with local sub-
suppliers
• Organize seminars for distilleries
• Create pilot projects
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Jenbacher biogas application/
June 13, 2007
 Biogas Potential Americas
Brazil - Ethanol North America - Farms

CAN:
New biogas tariff in
3,000* /3 MW
preparation (0.15
CAN$/kWh)

1,000/0 MW
5,000*/5 MW
USA:
First farm based
projects initiated,
funded by
renewable credits

Project status:
• Currently vinasse from ethanol plants is
unused
• 50 plants in operation, with a potential of 15-
30 MW each
• Evaluation of appropriate bio-digester systems
+ desulfurization
• Create a financial model based on different
digestion technologies
• Discussion w/ target customers started
• Plans for first reference plant in ’09/’10
Project :
• First projects with Cargill in verification
• Discussions w/ European Biogas EPCs (EnviTec,
MWK, …)
• Analysis of access to rights for manure
ongoing
• Projects with Stormfisher in CAN in progress
xxx MW TAM Potential 2020 (* based on manure only)
bubble size = potential
white bubble = installed base JB 16/
Jenbacher biogas application/
9/17/2009
Biomass Digestion:

Investment costs – based on European figures:

30%
70%

Biomass preparation, Containerized

digester, Gas holder,… Cogeneration plant

European spec. investment for biogas plant

• 500 kWel. plant – approx. 3,000 – 3,500 € per kW
• 1000 kWel. Plant - approx. 2,300 – 2,800 € per kW

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Jenbacher biogas application/
June 13, 2007
Biomass Digestion:
Initial cost of electricity – € Cent/kWhel:
• assumption – University Leipzig 2003 - for Germany:
– 8000 operation hours per year
– 12 years

330KW 1000KW
Biomass: 95% manure ~ 10 ~8
Biomass: 2/3 energy crops ~ 16 ~ 13
(Corn silage cost: 30 €/t)

Calculation – for Asia:

- 8000 operation hours per year
- 10 years

500KW
Biomass: palm oil mill effluent ~ 4-6

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Jenbacher biogas application/
June 13, 2007
Source: http://www.bmu.de/files/pdfs/allgemein/application/pdf/stromerzeugung_biomasse.pdf
Biogas development in the future?

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Jenbacher biogas application/
June 13, 2007
What is the right path with biogas?

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Jenbacher biogas application/
June 13, 2007
What is the right path with biogas?

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Jenbacher biogas application/
June 13, 2007
Summary – Biogas in CHP

• Biogas plants are operated – weather independent – for base

load supply
• Biogas plants can be seen as state-of-the-art technology
• Because of low energetic density of source materials, biogas
should be used decentralized
• Using biogas in CHP-modules generates highest GHG-
savings

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Jenbacher biogas application/
June 13, 2007
Biogas
Overview and Process
Market development
Jenbacher Strength
Reference Sites
LEANOX® - Lean-burn combustion control

• Sensors in non critical measurement ranges (pressure, temperature, deposits...)

• Reliable and durable compliance with exhaust emission limit at changing
operational conditions (fuel gas compositions...)
• Controlled combustion and subsequently controlled stress of various
components (valves, cylinder heads, spark plugs...)
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Jenbacher biogas application/
June 13, 2007
 Product Program 2009:
Biogas, Sewage Gas and Landfill Gas
3.500
Electrical output [kW]
3.000 Thermal output (70°/90°C) [kW]

2880
2737
2.500 Natural gas standard
NOx ≤ 500 mg/Nm3

2403
2190
2.000 (dry Exhaust gas; based on 5 % O2)

1802
1.500

1635
1421
1415
1.000

1138
1131
1088
1065
910

854
844
836
744
703
680

500
625
558
526
330
400
294
250

0
J 208 J 312 J 316 J 412 J 320 J 416 J 420 J 612 J 616 J 620
GS-B.L GS-B.L GS-B.L GS-B.L GS-B.L GS-B.L GS-B.L GS-B.L GS-B.L GS-B.L

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Jenbacher biogas application/
June 13, 2007
Fully engineered packages
Package J 312 for the German market:

Fully containerized unit

including all auxiliary
systems

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Jenbacher biogas application/
June 13, 2007
GE‘s Jenbacher ORC System (GE CORE)
Using both heat sources
• Cascading ORC (CORE) with two ORCs and two specialized fluids
• Heat is being cascaded from high temperature to low temperature loop

„CORE“ Konzept
Advantages
Thermo oil loop
• Higher power
Evap.
• Lowest specific CAPEX
HT ORC
perheater cond. / evap. Disadvantages
• More complex system
LT ORC
condenser

High power output, at low specific cost

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Jenbacher biogas application/
June 13, 2007
Engine ORC Technical Specs

Reciprocating Containerised
engine CORE

CORE M CORE L
Engine power 1 MW 3 MW
Fuel Biogas, landfill, NG Natural Gas, diesel
Specs

ORC power boost 110 - 130 kW 340 - 370 kW

Efficiency increase > 4% pts > 5% pts

ORC: Bottoming cycle for reciprocating engines

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Jenbacher biogas application/
June 13, 2007
Every (operation) hour counts
RWP Bioenergie – data from customer
2005: 8.658 oph
Feb. 04 – Aug. 06: 21.574 oph
operation and full load hours
24,00

20,00
oh/day
16,00 full load-h/day

12,00

8,00 2005
4,00

0,00
Feb.04 Mai.04 Aug.04 Nov.04 Feb.05 Mai.05 Aug.05 Nov.05 Feb.06 Mai.06 Aug.06

Electr. Efficiency is essential but not enough! It is important to have:

- Well designed, reliable engine and system integration
- Great SERVICE
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Jenbacher biogas application/
June 13, 2007
Biogas
Overview and Process
Market development
JB Strength
Reference Sites
Biogas plant – Bösch Herisau - Switzerland:
Biomass: up to 40.000 to/a:
• manure from pigs
• waste from slaughter houses
• food waste

Used biomass will be dehydrated – reduce amount to 25% - sold as fertilizer

1 x JGS 320 GS-B.L.C

Power output:
1064 kWel.

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Jenbacher biogas application/
June 13, 2007
Biogas plant- Bio Energie Gosdorf in AUT:

The plant operator

reached in the year 2005
8740 operation hours

1 x JMC 312 GS-B.L.C

Outpput data:
500kW el.
268 kW th.

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Jenbacher biogas application/
June 13, 2007
Biogas plant DeQingYuan, China

No. of units and engine type: 2 x JMS 320 GS-B.L

Fuel: Biogas from Chicken Dung (3 Mio chicken)
Electrical output: 2126 kW
Thermal output: 1234 kW
Commissioning: Sept 2008

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Jenbacher biogas application/
June 13, 2007
Cow manure biogas plant in Ludhiana/India

Biomass Input: 235 ton/day cattle manure

Electrical output: 1 MW
Organic fertilizer: 35 ton/day

No. of units and engine type: 1 x JMC 320 GS-B.L

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Jenbacher biogas application/
June 13, 2007
AD of biomass – Kanoria I + II - India:
Biomass:
Spent wash – 675 m3/d
-> effluent removed after fermenting sugar cane
molasses (ethanol production)

1 x JMS 320 GS-B.L

1 x JMS 420 GS-N/B.L
Power output:
1034 kWel. / 1416 kWel.
Thermal output:
Water:586 kWth. / 748 kWth.
Steam: ~ 1350 kg/h; 10bar
Commissioning: 1998 / 2003
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Jenbacher biogas application/
June 13, 2007
AD of biomass – Natural palm Oil - Thailand
Biomass:
– POME - palm oil mill effluent
Basic conditions:
- 12m3/h PMOE
- Temperature of PMOE fresh from mill
80°C -> cooling-down in open lagoon

1 x JGS 320 GS-B.L.C

Power output:
1064 kWel.
Commissioning:
2005
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Jenbacher biogas application/
June 13, 2007
Where do you find information?
Jenbacher intranet - Webportal
https://information.jenbacher.com

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Jenbacher biogas application/
Source: https://information.jenbacher.com/index_en.php?{..} June 13, 2007