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Aeroflex Isolators
Isolators
for
for shock
shock and
and vibration
vibration
protection
protection in
in all
all
environments
environments ide
Gu
on
ti
c
ele
S
Aeroflex Wire Rope Isolators
2
Aeroflex isolators meet every need.
Practically unlimited load range. These isolators They work in any position. Aeroflex isolators can
can be attached to almost any machine or enclosure, be loaded in compression, tension, shear or roll in
no matter what its weight. The static load rating of base mount, CG mount or cantilevered mount.
the largest Aeroflex isolator regularly manufactured They can be positioned anywhere in an isolating
exceeds 15,000 pounds. system.
Compact, low-profile envelope. Ability to attenuate They resist destructive environments. Aeroflex
heavy shock loadings with minimum deflection isolators are made entirely of stainless steel and
permits use of Aeroflex isolators where space is at a corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy. They function
premium, an advantage in new equipment and from -400°F to +700°F and resist ozone, oil, grease,
sometimes a necessity when replacing other isolat- sand, salt spray and organic solvents. This imper-
ing media that have failed in service. viousness to environmental attack means that
3-plane, all-axis isolation. Equipment is free to Aeroflex isolators require little or no maintenance
move in any direction on Aeroflex isolators, vertically, and usually will outlast the equipment they isolate.
horizontally, and laterally. They can also be painted to match equipment.
3
Isolator
Isolator Selection
Selection and
and Use
Use
Shock and vibration rank among the most destruc- heavy shock loadings without bottoming or
tive agents in our industrial society. They erode the permanent deformation to provide the large deflec-
life of mechanical and electronic equipment, tions needed to bring the impacts within acceptable
driving it from service long before its time. limits. The load/deflection graph shows these two
Sometimes this premature deterioration stems from distinct regions of isolator performance.
repeated overstress loadings, sometimes from
Vibration control: In the vibration region, the
fatigue failures of vital parts, and sometimes from a
isolator is relatively stiff. Its resonant frequency is
combination of both.
represented by the slope of the curve at the static
The Aeroflex isolation system is the most practical load being supported. As the amplitude of vibration
defense against these damaging effects. Resiliently increases, the mount becomes progressively softer
mounted equipment is protected from these forces shifting the resonant frequency away from the input
in its environment, or is itself prevented from harm- “driving” frequency and isolating the system.
ing its own surroundings. Ideally, a passive isola-
Shock control: Further to the right in the graph,
tion system requires no maintenance, takes little
the non-linear Aeroflex mount softens as the shock
space, and keeps functioning under varying
load is applied. As it deforms, it stores energy.
temperatures and in corrosive environments. It also
The displacement reduces the acceleration level,
should have the strength to restrain its load under
through the controlled buckling of the helical loops.
catastrophic conditions and to return it to its normal
operating position after the deflections caused by A hardening isolator would stiffen rapidly as the
repeated shock loadings. shock load is applied. The Aeroflex helical shows
more nearly uniform energy storage over its entire
The two essential properties
deformation, keeping the maximum deceleration
of an effective isolator
within acceptable limits. It is almost a constant
Shock and vibration so often occur together that an force absorber over most of its stroke, regardless
isolator must have two seemingly incompatible of how rapidly the load is applied. This characteris-
properties to counteract both forces effectively. tic means that its performance can be predicted
and confirmed by actual results.
These are:
How well a helical isolation system does its job
1. Low natural frequency to isolate the relatively
can be seen in these strip chart records of the
high frequency vibrations that lead to fatigue-
shock input and response of a shipping container
caused structural damage.
dropped from a 21” height onto the floor and
2. Ability to deflect in a controlled and repeatable rebounding to impact the floor a second time.
way to absorb the impact loadings that would
otherwise be transmitted into the isolated unit.
A non-linear isolator with a softening load profile
and high damping meets these requirements. The
helical wire rope isolating elements of Aeroflex Response
isolated unit
mounts make them unique in this respect. By
selecting wire rope of the proper diameter, number
of loops and loop diameter, we can arrive at an
isolator with a resonant frequency far less than
half the critical frequencies of the isolated
equipment, with a helix that will buckle under
Slope at
load point Maximum
determines allowable
resonant stroke
frequency
Input, 2nd impact
16 mseconds
duration
Softening (.016-second)
curve
Load
lbs.
Response to shock, Aeroflex isolation system.
Energy
dissipation
region
The primary shock to the equipment, mounted on
an isolated platen within the container, is substan-
tially reduced and shows none of the high frequen-
0
cy characteristics of the container. The well damped
Deflection, inches
isolation system decays and smoothes out the
induced vibrations before the second impact
Vib. Shock
occurs, reducing the total shock to the unit by 70%
with few or no secondary vibrations.
Load deflection, Aeroflex isolator in compression.
4
When Vibration is the dominant problem...
Rotating and reciprocating machinery is the most The performance of an isolator in vibration control
common source of vibration. To isolate a machine depends on the applied load and direction of force.
so that the transmitted amplitudes are reduced to Most helical isolation systems provide an amplifica-
acceptable levels, you should have a good idea of tion of 3 to 3.5 at resonance. Under random vibra-
the forces involved and how they are measured. tion, tests have shown amplification of 2 to 2.5 with
better than 70% isolation of the critical higher
The forcing frequency (Ff) is the major vibrational
structural frequencies in the vicinity of 60 to l00 Hz.
frequency of a machine, expressed in cycles per
second, or Hertz (Hz). A diesel engine operating The non-linearity of the Aeroflex helical isolator
at 1200 RPM is generating a forcing frequency of shifts away from the resonant frequency as the load
20 Hz (1200 revolutions divided by 60 seconds). A builds up, limiting force amplification. As resonance
high-speed punch press running at 300 strokes is approached, the effective mass carried by the
per minute generates a forcing frequency of 5 Hz. isolator increases. This means that it is operating
over a shallower slope of the projected load deflec-
The frequency ratio is derived by dividing the
tion curve. The result is an apparent softer unit and
machine’s forcing frequency by the isolating
further decoupling of the resonant frequency from
system’s natural frequency. The isolating efficien-
the exciting vibration frequency.
cy of the system depends on this ratio, and is
expressed as a percentage of the vibration force at Attenuating vibration with
the forcing frequency that is isolated. Aeroflex isolators
The natural frequency of a system is the rate at 1. Determine the static load each isolator in the
which it oscillates as it returns freely to rest after mounting system will have to carry.
having been displaced or agitated by an outside
2. Determine the machine’s lowest forcing
force. It can be calculated by the equation:
frequency.
3. Determine how much isolation is needed. Except
for special cases, 80% isolation will usually be
enough. Using transmissibility curve on page 3,
find required natural frequency, based on percent
isolation required and forcing frequency.
4. Find the static deflection from the natural
frequency. Use the following equation:
5
Isolator
Isolator Selection
Selection and
and Use
Use
Shipping container for military jet engines carries its load on a support frame isolated on Aeroflex mounts
6
4. Next, determine the required system natural As in vibration, chances are that your application
frequency (fs). Note: fs is the average shock will be covered by one of the tables on pages 8
natural frequency, across the isolator entire through 10.
dynamic travel and should not be confused with
Shock response
fn, the vibration natural frequency.
1. Restrain and damp the pitching motion of a tall
unit (one whose height is more than twice its nar-
rower width) with stabilizing mounts near its top.
Arrange the load with the heaviest components
nearest the base to minimize rocking.
2. These stabilizers should provide lateral stiffness
but should not limit vertical play. Too much lateral
deflection at the top will change the characteristics
of the entire system because the base mounts will
then have to supply all the resistance to overturning
moments.
3. Locate the base mounts so that they balance the
static load vertically. The isolators should be under
or in line with the unit’s vertical structural members.
In the case of cabinets or consoles fabricated of
sheet metal, it may be necessary to attach a sup-
1.6 is a factor for half sine type shock
plementary base plate to bring the shock load into
pulses (use 1.4 as a factor for sawtooth or terminal
the rigid columns and avoid using the panel enclo-
peak) with approximately 15 percent damping
sures to distribute the shock.
(C/Cc = 0.15).
4. Spread the base mounts to provide the largest
With the required fs to provide the specified
possible footprint for uniform support. Because
response, next calculate the average spring
shock may occur at an oblique angle, allow suffi-
rate necessary from:
cient room to sway in all directions.
This all-terrain vehicle carries a 2-ton payload of sensitive geophysical instruments and self-
contained power supply in a "doghouse" isolated from the chassis on twelve Aeroflex mounts.
7
Isolator
Isolator Selection
Selection and
and Use
Use
Choosing the right Aeroflex Isolator for the job.
The tables and nomograph presented here will help travel of 1.7 inches. Referring to the columns for
you determine deflection and response for a variety “Shock Average K” and “Maximum rated shock load
of environments. They cover loads such as, aircraft and dynamic travel” in the Series tables that begin
landings, shipping containers, and Navy shock. on page 11, we find the isolator we need, the
Knowing the severity of the applied impact, the Aeroflex CB-1280-30. Four of these will meet our
designer can preselect the characteristics of the requirements.
isolation system. From these, he can evaluate the Example 2. Cabinet mounting
resulting deflection and response in g’s. In the
same way, knowing the space available for deflec- An electronic rack weighing 1100 pounds is
tion, he can find the necessary stiffness of the installed on four base mounts loaded in compres-
isolation system. sion, and two stabilizers in shear or roll. It must be
protected to 25 g’s during MIL-S-901C medium
Example 1. Shipping container weight hammer tests. What isolators provide the
A unit weighing 88 Ibs. is suspended on four necessary deflection under shock?
mountings oriented at 45° compression-roll. It Assume that the center of gravity (CG) is at the
must be protected to 15 g’s for a 18” flat drop (h). geometric center of the cabinet, and that the load
Which isolators will provide the necessary rates will be taken on four base mounts located at the
and deflections? corners of the cabinet and that the shocks will be
Refer to the nomograph and the Shipping experienced in the vertical axis. Neglect the stabiliz-
Container table. ing mounts. The load on each base mount will be
275 Ibs. (1100 divided by 4).
On the nomograph, the intersection of h = 18 and
g =15 gives values of K/W =8 and δ DYN.= 1.7” Using The maximum expected shock response is 15 g’s.
the stiffness equation, we have: Referring to the Shipboard/MIL-S-901C table, we
select four CB1400-20 isolators as the base
K=8 X 88/4
mounts, the stabilizers can be the same or the next
=176 Ibs./in. total for four isolators
softest in the same series.
in 45° compression-Roll.
The CB1400 Series table on page 15 shows an
Dividing by 4, we must find a specific isolator with average K for the CB1400-20 of 1365 Ibs./in. in
an average K equal to 176 Ibs./inch and a dynamic compression and maximum deflection of 2.00”.
8
VEHICULAR INSTALLATIONS – SHIPBOARD – MIL-S-901D
TANKS, TRUCKS, TRACTORS, SHELTERS SHOCK & VIBRATION MOUNRINGS
Smooth Highway Back Roads – Rough Travel 15-25G Fragility 25-35*G Fragility
Rated Isolator Sizes Isolator Sizes Load (lbs) Isolator Size Isolator Size
Load Per Rating Per
Isolator Base Stabilizer Base Stabilizer Base Isolator Base Stabilizer Base Stabilizer
15- 20 CB1280-3806 CB1280-3806 CB1280-35 CB1280-38 20- 25 CB1280-50 CB1280-50 CB1280-40 CB1280-40
20- 25 CB1280-38 CB1280-38 CB1280-30 CB1280-35 25- 30 CB1280-40 CB1280-50 CB1280-38 CB1280-40
25- 35 CB1280-35 CB1280-38 CB1280-25 CB1280-30 30- 40 CB1280-38 CB1280-40 CB1280-35 CB1280-38
40- 50 CB1280-35 CB1280-38 CB1280-25 CB1280-30
35- 45 CB1280-30 CB1280-38 CB1280-20 CB1280-25 50- 60 CB1280-35 CB1280-38 CB1280-25 CB1280-30
45- 60 CB1280-25 CB1280-35 CB1280-10 CB1280-20
60- 75 CB1380-35 CB1380-35 CB1380-30 CB1380-30 60- 80 CB1380-40 CB1380-50 CB1380-25 CB1380-35
75- 90 CB1380-25 CB1380-35 CB1380-20 CB1380-30 80- 100 CB1380-35 CB1380-40 CB1380-30 CB1380-25
90- 110 CB1380-30 CB1380-35 CB1380-15 CB1380-20 100- 125 CB1380-25 CB1380-35 CB1380-20 CB1380-25
125- 150 CB1380-30 CB1380-35 VB1380-20 CB1380-30
110- 140 CB1380-20 CB1380-30 CB1400-20 CB1400-20 150- 170 CB1380-20 CB1380-25 CB1400-20 CB1400-30
140- 170 CB1380-15 CB1380-30 CB1400-17 CB1400-20
170- 210 CB1400-20 CB1400-20 CB1400-15 CB1400-17 170- 200 CB1380-20 CB1380-30 CB1400-17 CB1400-20
210- 250 CB1400-17 CB1400-20 CB1500-20 CB1500-20 200- 250 CB61400-20 CB61400-30 CB1400-15 CB1400-17
250- 300 CB1400-15 CB1400-17 CB1500-15 CB1500-20 250- 300 CB1400-20 CB1400-30 CB1500-30 CB1500-30
300- 400 CB1500-30 CB1500-40 CB1500-20 CB1500-30
300- 400 CB1500-20 CB1500-20 CB1500-12 CB1500-15 400- 500 CB1500-30 CB1500-40 CB1500-15 CB1500-20
400- 500 CB1500-20 CB1500-20 CB1500-12 CB1500-15
500- 600 CB1500-15 CB1500-20 CB1500-12 CB1500-12 500- 600 CB1500-20 CB1500-30 CB1500-12 CB1500-15
600- 700 CB1500-15 CB1500-15 CB1700-20 CB1700-30 600- 700 CB1500-15 CB1500-12 CB1700-17 CB1700-20
700- 800 CB1700-20 CB1700-30 CB1700-17 CB1700-20 700- 800 CB1500-12 CB1500-15 CB1700-15 CB1700-17
800- 900 CB1700-30 CB1700-40 CB1900-15 CB1900-15
800- 900 CB1700-20 CB1700-20 CB1700-15 CB1700-17 900-1000 CB1700-20 CB1700-30 CB1900-12 CB1900-15
* Base isolators without stabilizers will result in 35G transmission. When stabilizers are used with
Smoth Highway Rough Roads base isolators figure 25G transmission.
9
Isolator
Isolator Selection
Selection and
and Use
Use
DIESEL ENGINE — GENERATOR SETS This selection guide is designed to allow you to determine
Operating Speed — 1600-1800 RPM which isolators are required to offer protection from the
System Natural Frequency — 10 Hz; vibration inputs as specified in MIL-E-5400, MIL-E-5272,
MIL-T-5422, MIL-STD-167, and MIL-C-172. Properly selected,
Rated
Load (lbs.) Base 45° the mountings will not bottom under shock inputs of 15G 11ms
Per Isolator Mounted C/R and will survive 30G 11ms crash safety tests. The guide is
45- 60 CB1280-35 CB1280-30 intended for those applications where vibration is your
60- 75 CB1280-30 CB1280-25 primary consideration. As a rule of thumb, applications in
75- 90 CB1280-25 CB1300-30
90- 110 CB1300-30 CB1300-30 fixed wing aircraft require 10 Hz fn , mobile, 15 Hz; and
110- 140 CB1300-30 CB1300-25 helicopters, 7 Hz.
140- 170 CB1300-25 CB1300-20
170- 210 CB1300-20 CB61400-30 Example:
210- 250 CB61400-30 CB61400-25 Select isolators for a package weighing 100 Ibs., in a base
250- 300 CB61400-25 CB61400-20
300- 400 CB61400-20 CB61400-17 mounting arrangement with four support points. Assume that
400- 500 CB61400-17 CB1400-20 the package or one of its components has a resonant
500- 600 CB1400-20 CB1500-20 frequency of 50 Hz.
600- 700 CB1500-20 CB1700-30
700- 800 CB1700-30 CB1700-20 For a 10 Hz system, the transmissibility at 5 X the resonant
800- 900 CB1700-20 CB1900-12 frequency will be approximately .05...a 95% reduction of the
900- 1000 CB1900-12 CB1900-10 impressed vibration (refer to the transmissibility curve on
page 3.)
Refer to the 10 Hz column of recommended isolators. For a
loading of 25 Ibs. (100 divided by 4), the correct isolator is the
C4-H-808.
Electronics and computer system of weather research plane used to study hurricanes are mounted
on Aeroflex mounts to attenuate high-amplitude vibrations.
10
For Design Purposes Only HELICAL C2 SERIES
Consult Aeroflex for Load-Deflection Curves 1/16" WIRE ROPE
C3 SERIES
3/32" WIRE ROPE
11
C4 SERIES HELICAL For Design Purposes Only
1/8" WIRE ROPE Consult Aeroflex for Load-Deflection Curves
C6 SERIES
3/16" WIRE ROPE
12
For Design Purposes Only HELICAL C1260 SERIES
Consult Aeroflex for Load-Deflection Curves 3/16" WIRE ROPE
C1280 SERIES
1/4" WIRE ROPE
13
CB1300 SERIES HELICAL For Design Purposes Only
3/8" WIRE ROPE Consult Aeroflex for Load-Deflection Curves
CB1380 SERIES
3/8" WIRE ROPE
14
For Design Purposes Only HELICAL CB61400
CB61400 SERIES
SERIES
Consult Aeroflex for Load-Deflection Curves 1/2" WIRE ROPE
CB1400 SERIES
1/2" WIRE ROPE
15
CB1500 SERIES HELICAL For Design Purposes Only
5/8" WIRE ROPE Consult Aeroflex for Load-Deflection Curves
CB1700 SERIES
7/8" WIRE ROPE
16
For Design Purposes Only HELICAL CB1900
CB1900 SERIES
SERIES
Consult Aeroflex for Load-Deflection Curves 1-1/8" WIRE ROPE
CB2000 SERIES
1-1/4" WIRE ROPE
17
CA2L SERIES CIRCULAR ARCH For Design Purposes Only
1/16" WIRE ROPE Consult Aeroflex for Load-Deflection Curves
CA2 SERIES
1/16" WIRE ROPE
18
For Design Purposes Only CIRCULAR ARCH CA3SERIES
CA3 SERIES
Consult Aeroflex for Load-Deflection Curves 3/32" WIRE ROPE
CA4 SERIES
1/8" WIRE ROPE
19
CA6 SERIES CIRCULAR ARCH For Design Purposes Only
3/16" WIRE ROPE Consult Aeroflex for Load-Deflection Curves
CA8 SERIES
1/4" WIRE ROPE
20
For Design Purposes Only ARCH A2
A2 SERIES
SERIES
Consult Aeroflex for Load-Deflection Curves 1/16" WIRE ROPE
MOUNTING HOLES
A3 SERIES
3/32" WIRE ROPE
MOUNTING HOLE
SUFFIX OPTIONS
21
A4 SERIES ARCH For Design Purposes Only
1/8" WIRE ROPE Consult Aeroflex for Load-Deflection Curves
MOUNTING HOLE
SUFFIX OPTIONS
A5 SERIES
5/32" WIRE ROPE
MOUNTING HOLE
SUFFIX OPTIONS
22
For Design Purposes Only ARCH A6 SERIES
Consult Aeroflex for Load-Deflection Curves 3/16" WIRE ROPE
MOUNTING HOLE
SUFFIX OPTIONS
A7 SERIES
7/32" WIRE ROPE
MOUNTING HOLE
SUFFIX OPTIONS
23
A8 SERIES ARCH For Design Purposes Only
1/4" WIRE ROPE Consult Aeroflex for Load-Deflection Curves
MOUNTING HOLE
SUFFIX OPTIONS
24
Isolator Specifications
Painting
Because they are all-metal and corrosion resistant,
Aeroflex isolators can be left as is or painted any
color to harmonize with the equipment.
Load Modes
25
Aeroflex All-Environment Shock and Vibration Isolators
Shock VIBRATION
The non-linear, highly-damped load vs. deflection Damping. The helically-wound cables of Aeroflex
characteristics and the rapid decay pulse typical of isolators are inherently damped through internal wire
Aeroflex’s helical isolators offers excellent shock flexure hysteresis, classically described as elastically
attenuation. The unique combination of materials and connected coulomb damping. Average percent of
construction (using wire rope as a resilient element) critical damping, (C/Cc is 15% - 17%). Large resonant
permits the large excursions necessary for good motions are highly damped, whereas small motions
attenuation at a reduced profile height, compared to are essentially undamped, providing excellent
conventional elastomeric devices. isolation.
Aircraft. 15 g 11 ms - operating, 30 g 11 ms - crash Fatigue Life. Testing has demonstrated the helical
safety. Aeroflex helical isolators are currently used to isolators provide exceptional service life. For example,
protect avionics, navigation, fire control systems and a 25 Ib. mass mounted on four Type C3 helical
engines aboard the latest jet attack, turboprop, piston isolators was vibrated at resonance – 13 Hz – with
and helicopter aircraft, and can effectively reduce 30g, .060 inch DA input 150 hours, TR = 3.0 Inspection
11 ms shocks below 10 g’s. after testing revealed no physical deformation...no
change in Fn...no change in loaded height. Test time
Shipboard. Helical isolators are approved for all
was equal to l0 million cycles.
MIL-S-SO1D Tests, including Light and Medium Weight
Hammer and Barge testing. Shock attenuation to 20 g’s High-frequency isolation. With a dummy load mounted
across the isolators is recorded under maximum blows. on four type C2 helical isolators and .25 g input out
to 10 KHz, isolation efficiency equaled 95%, thus
Transit cases, ground support and mobile equipment. proving that helical isolators provide excellent isolation
Helical isolators provide optimum protection from the against small input, high-frequency vibration such as
high g loads experienced under rough handling, structure-borne noise.
corner drops, rotation drops, and flat drops. Built-in
overload capability also offers protection from those They resist destructive environments. Aeroflex
field conditions that exceed the specification require- isolators are made entirely of stainless steel and
ments. Aeroflex shock isolators reduce the input corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy. They function
of a 20-inch rotational drop to below 15 g’s and from a from -400°F to +700°F and resist ozone, grease,
51-inch corner drop to below 45 g’s. Standard helical sand, salt spray and organic solvents. Their imper-
isolators are also incorporated in structural support viousness to environmental attack means that
members or skids to protect an entire shelter. Aeroflex isolators require no maintenance and will
outlast the equipment they isolate. They can also be
painted to match equipment.
26
Aeroflex All-Environment
Shock and Vibration Control
■ For sensitive mobile equipment ■ For reuseable shipping containers
■ For shipboard electronics and navigational equipment
■ For avionics and other airborne gear ■ For nuclear and seismic applications
27
AEROFLEX
INTERNATIONAL
A UNIT OF VIBRATION MOUNTINGS & CONTROLS, INC.
2M 1/2001