STUDY OF VIBRATION ISOLATORS

By,
Y.Shiva kumar,
K.Sudhir kumar,
S.Vivek.
INTRUDUCTION

 Vibration is the oscillation of a rigid or elastic body that is

created by the transfer of energy from one body to another.
 Transportation vehicles, portable devices and consumer
electronics all contain parts that are constantly in motion
and subject to vibration.
 The movement of these parts creates energy that radiates
audible noise in the form of vibration.
 Vibration can damage sensitive equipment and reduce the
reliability of an otherwise durable product.
 To avoid the possibility of damage and ensure proper
performance for the long term, sensitive components
should be isolated from vibration energy.
 The principle of Vibration isolation can be used
in two basic ways:
1. To protect sensitive items,such as delicate
electronic components, from high
environmental vibration levels.
2. To significantly reduce the transmission of
energy from one body to another by providing
an elastic and resilient connection between
them.
VIBRATION ISOLATORS

 Isolators act as springs that deflect energy as

vibrations impact their surface and then
rebound to return the vibration energy back
towards the source.
 Reducing structure-borne excitation can extend
the life of transportation vehicles, portable
devices and consumer electronics and prevent
performance problems.
 The amount an isolator deflects, rebounds or absorbs energy is
characterized by the material’s stiffness, elasticity and loss modulus.
 Materials with a high storage modulus, or modulus of elasticity, can
isolate more energy.
 A poor isolator may reduce vibration at high frequencies, but will
amplify vibration at low frequencies, which is where most vibration
tends to occur in vehicles.
 Materials with high stiffness may experience vibration amplification
while products are in use.
 The region of vibration amplification occurs around the resonant of
natural frequency as demonstrated in Figure 1 below. The natural
frequency is based on material stiffness, system loads and damping
performance.
1. Many isolation systems involve center-of-gravity
installations of the equipment. That is, the center-
of-gravityof the equipment coincides with the
elastic center of the isolation system.
2. Many equipment isolation systems are required to
be isoelastic. That is, the system translational
spring rates in all directions are the same.
3. Many pieces of equipment are relatively light in
weight and upport structures are relatively rigid
incomparison to the stiffness of the isolators used
tosupport and protect the equipment.
 It is important to distinguish between vibration
damping and vibration isolation.
 The damping of a structural mode consists in reducing
the response of the structure near the corresponding
natural frequency: the e®ects of damping are very
narrow-band and hardly noticeable far from the
resonance frequencies.
 Isolation, on the other hand, consists in reducing the
vibration transmission from one part of the structure
(sometimes called \noisy side") to the other(\quiet
side"): the reduction of the transmission generally
occurs in a large frequency region.
 12. VIBRATION ISOLATION

 High vibration levels can cause machinery failure, as well as objectionable

noise levels. A common source of objectionable noise in buildings is the
vibration of machines that are mounted on floors or walls. Obviously, the
best place to mount a vibrating machine is on the ground floor.

 Unfortunately (but fortunately for noise control consultants), this is not

always possible. A typical problem is a rotating machine (such as a pump,
AC compressor, blower, engine, etc) mounted on a roof, or on a floor
above the ground floor. The problem is usually most apparent in the
immediate vicinity of the vibration source.

 However, mechanical vibrations can transmit for long distances, and by

very circuitous routes through the structure of a building, sometimes
resurfacing hundreds of feet from the source. A related problem is the
isolation of vibration-sensitive machines from the normally occurring
disturbances in a building (car or bus traffic, slamming doors, foot traffic,
elevators…).
 A vibration problem can also be nicely described by the same source
– path – receiver model we previously used to characterize the noise
control problem.
 Source: a mechanical or fluid disturbance, generated internally by
the machine, such as unbalance, torque pulsations, geartooth
meshing, fan blade passing, etc. These typical occur at frequencies
which are integer multiples of the rotating frequency of the machine.
 Path: the structural or airborne path by which the disturbanceis
transmitted to the receiver
 Receiver: the responding system, generally having many natural
frequencies which can potentially be excited by vibration
frequencies generated by the source. (Murphy says the natural
frequency of the system will always coincide with an excitation
frequency.)
 Vibration-isolator 
 A device that reflects and absorbs waves of oscillatory energy, extending from the
working gear or an electrical equipment, with the aid of effect of a vibration
insulation.
 Vibration-isolator is established between a body transferring fluctuations and a
body which defend (for example, between the gear and the foundation). On an
illustration is presented the image vibration-isolator a series «ВИ» which are
applied in shipbuilding of Russia. Shown «ВИ» allow loadings 5, 40 and 300 kg.
They differ in the sizes, but have a similar structure .
 In a structure is used the rubber envelope, which is reinforced by a spring. Rubber
and a spring are strongly connected during transformation of crude rubber into
rubber envelope by a method of vulcanization.
 Under action of weight loading of the gear the rubber envelope is of deformation ,
and a spring are compressed or stretch. Thus, in springs cross section, occurs the
twig twist with a material of rubber envelope, causing deformation of shift in
rubber envelope.
 It is known, that the vibration insulation basically cannot be carried out without
presence of vibration absorption .
 The size of deformation of shift in elastic material of isolator- vibration it basis for
definition of size of absorption of fluctuations.
 At action of vibration or shock loadings of deformation increase. Being thus cyclic,
it considerably strengthens efficiency of the given device.
 In the upper part of a design the sleeve, and in the lower part a flange by means of
 A vibration isolation system prevents one object from
affecting another. Such systems are used extensively to
isolate machinery (industrial and marine), civil engineering
structures (base isolation in building, bridges, etc.), and
sensitive components from the foundation/base.
 Vibration isolation schemes are to
1) reduce the propagation of base vibration to the isolated
object (machinery) and
2) abate the transmission of vibration energy of machinery to
the base. Moreover, in vehicular/marine, some industrial
machines (such as mechanical presses), as well as seismic
applications, isolators are also expected to lower the impact
of shock from base to isolated object or vice-versa.
VIBRATION ISOLATORS

 A vibration isolation system

prevents one object from
affecting another.
 Such systems are used extensively
to isolate machinery (industrial
and marine), civil engineering
structures (base isolation in
building, bridges, etc.), and sensitive
components from the
foundation/base.