IoT Based Energy Monitoring System for SMIs
Itrat Hussain, Dr. Tahir Izhar, Azka Khalid, Kinza Farooq, Muhammad Mazhar Javaid
itrat565@gmail.com,tizhar@gmail.com,azkakhalid96@gmail.com,kinza77farooq@gmail.com,mazh879@outlook.com
Abstract—Energy monitoring implies the run-time determina-
tion of energy parameters, calculation of utilized units, energy
consumption trend plotting and data logging. For overcoming the
problems faced by the current monitoring system; the efficient,
low budget, local display assisted, IoT based remote display
enabled system including the remote control is implemented.
Moreover, the cost per day, month and per unit cost with
the globally accessible befitting energy trends are produced by
the system. Electricity and water monitoring is employed using
NodeMCU ESP-32 and ESP-8266 respectively. Voltage, current
and water flow are being determined by using ZMPT 101b,
SCT-013, YF-S201 respectively. The data gathered is fed into
the micro-controller where it is filtered out and the offset is
efficiently being removed. The filtered data collected with the help
of calibrated instruments is used to gain the useful information.
The voltage and current are used for the calculation of the
apparent power, power factor, real power, units consumed in
peak and non-peak hours, bill and per unit cost. The data is
universally accessible and the system can be installed anywhere
spanning from the sole equipment to the main distribution box.
Precisely, the cost efficient, user-friendly and portable system is
established for the efficient energy monitoring purpose.
Index Terms—: Energy Monitoring; Energy Efficiency; Energy
Trends; Small and Medium Industries (SMIs); IoT; Cloud;
ESP32, ESP8266; Billing
I. I NTRODUCTION
Energy monitoring is the process of collecting information
about where, when, how much energy is being used within an
area, so you can increase efficiency, reduce cost and improve
sustainability. The process usually includes collecting perfect,
real-time energy usage data using on ground transformers and
sensors, analyzing this data with software to highlight the
areas of discomfort, inefficiency, and taking action based on
the results of the analysis. Inefficient utilization of the energy
resources in the third world countries is the major factor of
their economic demise. At this verge of industrialization where
energy is the most powerful characteristic in determining the
growth of the country one cannot ignore the significant waste
of the energy in SMIs. With the hype in the competitive
environment for helping the establishment of industry in the
country, it is very important to tackle the widespread need
of the energy. If one keeps on producing the energy while
ignoring its effective use, the production is not going to be
much profitable but the waste of resources. For keeping an
eye on the efficient energy usage, it is important to study the
energy trends particularly in the SMIs. Our one-liner objective
is: An Efficient, Low-Cost and Remote Energy Monitoring
System. The demand to monitor and observe the energy trends
of the given area under inspection it is necessary to access
data from anywhere around the globe. Thus, it is obvious that
there needs to be the technology changes in order to moor and
control future generation electric power systems spanning from
the residential to industrial load [11]. In accordance with the
situation it is the dire need to monitor the energy consumption
trends in the industry so that it may help us to minimize
and optimize the energy consumption and thus effectively
take part in the county progress. To monitor the energy being
utilized in a specific environment we must have to consider
all the major utilities being used. Electricity and Water being
the leading sources of energy are our study area. Internet
of Things (IoT) being the leading trend in the technology is
used for liberating us from the local monitoring and a person
can inspect the energy consumption from anywhere. It also
provides us the ability for creating an online database and
integrating the system output with various computing tools
may bear fruitful results. The efficient results, energy trends,
per unit cost calculation and billing are the key important
features of the system.
II. MOTIVATION
The ignorance of the energy inefficient consumption by
SMIs is the major reason of the expensive products affecting
the economy and the masses. Here, our canvas spans over
the electricity as well as water utility making it a completing
package for the industry. The efficient results, inexpensive
equipment, per unit cost and the global display make the
product unique.
III. LITERATURE REVIEW
Monitoring can give us information regarding power flow
and the demands, also the quality of power. Monitoring can be
a very important procedure, recognizing problem situation on
a power grid before they can create interruptions or intrusion.
Monitoring can also provide information about power flow
and assist to recognize the cause of power system disturbances
[3]. Checking frameworks are utilized generally in mechanical
plants and structures to watch the energy utilization. We are
not only offering to monitor the data but also calculate the
bill according the usage of resources whether it is water or
electricity.
In public residencies, in contrast to the business is com-
prised of numerous little private clients, for example, houses,
manufactured homes, and lofts. Research has demonstrated
that these private vitality purchasers squander practically 41%
of the power provided to their homes [1]. Clients wants to
know precisely when vitality utilization happens and where
it happens are ready to take more illuminate choices about
how to bring down their building vitality utilization rates. Our
project provides the facility to know about the utilization of
energy source and reduce its cost by cutting the needs.
 Change of voltage, vitality utilization, control factor, and
current parameters must be estimated for structures. Basic
understandings of how vitality is devoured, checked, and con-
trolled are key requirements for a vitality preservation process.
Clients that know precisely when vitality utilization happens
and where it happens are ready to take more illuminate choices
about how to bring down their building vitality utilization
rates [2]. By using ML we can increase the efficiency of the
local resources usage and we can calculate the bill manually.
Studies have recommended that investment funds of over 35%
of the different electrical loads all people utilize might be
conceivable [5]. By shifting the load on non-peak hours is
also a option our project is going to offer. When the usage
cost is shown every second, users will be careful to use the
electricity in peak hours i-e hours where the rate of electricity
per unit is increased and will shift the load to non-peak hours.
Many industries have recently used and applied web-based
user interfaces, so a homeowner can adjust thermostat settings Fig. 1: Flow Chart
or turn off lights from a smart phone, or a web browser [6].
Our project is providing this at a cheaper price and with more
efficient way which shows the usage only by 3s delay without insight, the situation it is required to monitor the energy
any miscalculations. consumption trends in the industry so that it may help us
to minimize and optimize the energy consumption and thus
IV. PROPOSED SOLUTION effectively take part in the country progress. To monitor the
The main idea is to provide an energy monitoring system energy being utilized in a specific environment we must have
for small and medium industries. In order to cutoff the running to consider all the major utilities being used. For the sake of
cost of the industry it is very important to monitor the efficient monitoring of energy consumption, the data from cur-
utilization of resources. We would constrain ourselves to the rent transformer (SCT013), voltage transformer (ZMPT101B),
aforementioned major utilities of the industry. In order to make and flow sensor (YF-S201) is being used. The CT produces
our solution cost effective the readily available and inexpensive current at the secondary that is to be read by the MCU but the
technology is used. IoT provides the versatility of viewing the controller only read the voltages, for the purpose of conversion
live data from computers and smartphones. The objectives of of current to voltage burden resistor is used at the output of
the project are as follows: the CT. Its calculations are as under:
• To display the Voltage, Current, Power, Energy, Units SCT013 is step down transformer from 100A to 50mA.
consumed and Cost in real time.
• To display the Water used in terms of Gallons per month Ip/Is = 100A/50mA (1)
and its bill.
Ip/Is = 2000 (2)
• Per unit cost calculation to optimize profitability.
• Uploading all the calculated values to the cloud. Where, Ip is primary current and Is is the secondary current.
• Real time access to the data using the internet through Burden resistor for maximum Ip can be calculated as follow
computers/smart phones.
• Comparison of data with previous months/days for effec- Rb = V peak/Is (3)
tive energy management.
• Controlling the appliances or loads through internet. Here, Vpeak is the peak voltage of analog pin of micr-
controller and Rb is the burden resistance. The peak-to-peak
V. FLOW CHART voltage of analog pin of microcontroller is 3V. Thus Vpeak is
The system working flow is described in figure 1. Firstly, 1.5V.
data is acquired using electricity and flow sensors. After
filtering and refining the data is sent to cloud by using Rb = 30ohms (4)
microcontroller, ESP-32 and ESP8266, then the data can be
accessed by smart phones or laptops. Now calculating Rb for the minimum Ip of 10A.

VI. METHODOLOGY Is = Ip/2000 (5)

The high energy consumption at the industry level yielding Is = 5mA (6)
the far less production is the major hindrance in implementing
the strategy if sustainable development in the country. Keeping The value of Rb for minimum Ip with Vpeak of 1.5V is
 over
Rb = V peak/Ip (7) the total number of samples and then taking the square root
Calculating the rms apparent power
Rb = 300ohms (8)
Power factor = real power/apparent power
Hence, the range of burden resistor with power rating of Calculating the bill
0.25Watt is Calculating the per unit cost of product
Sending the values to cloud
30ohms <= Rb <= 300ohms (9)
For Water
In our system we have selected the Rb of 150 ohms, to
have the intermediate values in the most appropriate error Variables initialization
range. According to the very application of the system in the Time1 = Time2 = 0
industrial environment the current per phase is estimated by Calibration value of flow sensor is defined
10A - 65A and the value of the resistor is selected accordingly. Interrupt function is defined to calculate the flow frequency
After, the keen calibration of the sensors the data is fed Cloud connections initiation
to the microcontrollers where the digital filters are applied Samples of liter per hour and minute are being taken and
for collecting the reliable data. The data is used for the stored in an array by using these relations
calculation of Vrms and Irms. The sample of current and Liter per hour = flow frequency * 60 / calibration
voltage is averaged after every 20 milliseconds. The raw data Liter per minute = flow frequency / calibration
received from the sensors is passed through various digital If time is greater than a second
filters to get the reliable data. The power factor is calculated {
using the real and the apparent power. The apparent power is Taking average of samples
calculated using Vrms and Irms and the real power is attained GPM, GPS and gallon are calculated
by multiplying the values of voltages and the current at the Bill for an hour, day and month is calculated
specific sample and then averaging it over the length of the Values are passed through channels to cloud
waveform. The instantaneous values of V and I provide us the }
real power as the waves are already displaced and the values
gives us the actual consumption. On the basis of consumed VII. RESULTS
electricity unit electricity bill is measured in accordance to
The values of current, voltage and flow leading to the
LESCO tariff 2017. The flow is calculated using frequency
calculation of apparent power, real power, power factor, units
counter method. For water consumed gallons per minute of
(power and water) consumed, cost analysis lead to the com-
flow rate is measured and bill is calculated using WASA tariff
pletion of the system.The results as shown on the web-server
2017. This data measured is wirelessly transmitted to cloud
dashboard is given as under: Then are results extracted from
using Node MCU ESP32 and ESP 8266 for electricity and
water respectively. The protocol used for messaging is Publish-
subscribe based MQTT (message queuing telemetry transport).
This wirelessly transmitted data can easily be accessed from
anywhere around the globe by using laptop or mobile which
supports WiFi. Moreover, the consumption of every minute,
day and month can be monitored which is vital for the efficient
use of energy. For the better understanding of the methodology
the pseudo-code is provided as under:
For Power

Variables initialization Fig. 2: Results with CT and PT on Cayenne Dashboard

Calibration of CT and PT
Reading the voltages from VT and CT across burden resistor
Filtering the values in the mean spectrum
Offset removal
Dividing the waveform in 20 samples
Converting the retrieved voltages to actual current and
voltage using calibration specifiers
Summing all the voltages and currents
Calculating the instantaneous power from the instantaneous
V and I
Summing the instantaneous values over the waveform
Calculating the rms values by averaging the sumV and sumI Fig. 3: Results with CT and PT

Fig. 4: Results with Water Sensor on Cayenne Dashboard
Fig. 5: Results with Water Sensor
water flow sensor. All the data was sent to cayenne and that
showed the required results sent to it:
Fig. 6: CT with inductive and relatively dominant resistive
load
Fig. 7: Inductive load
Fig. 8: Inductive load showing Voltage and Current
Fig. 9: For resistive dominant
VIII. B ENCHMARKING WITH P OWER A NALYZER (FLUKE
435)
For checking out the efficiency of the results, the system
results were compared with the Fluke 435 power analyzer
and the results of the system in comparison with the analyzer
results are plotted as under:
(a) Power Factor (b) Current
(c) Voltage (d) Apparent Power
(e) Real Power
Fig. 10: Benchmarking using Fluke 435 Power Analyzer
IX. C ONCLUSION
Efficient, low-cost and remotely accessible energy monitor-
ing system is developed by collecting impeccable, real-time
energy and water usage data using CT, PT and water flow
sensors. This data is wirelessly transmitted on cloud using
NodeMCU ESP32 and ESP8266. Cayenne web-server is being
used for data display and logging. The consumption trends of
consumed energy units and water gallons are monitored and
the electricity and water bill are calculated in accordance with
the company rates. The trends and log is remotely accessible
with any device device having internet facility.
 F UTURE W ORKS
• Forecasting load.
• Optimized energy trend for cutting off the running cost
of the industry.
• Automated control of the devices based on the optimized
trend.
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