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Contents  Chemistry
Design and Implementation of Text–to-Speech (Audio) System Civil Engineering
ABSTRACT Computer Engineering
CHAPTER ONE
Computer Science
INTRODUCTION
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Criminology

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY Economics

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Education
1.5 LIMITATION OF STUDY Electrical & Electronics Engineering
1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Engineering

English Language & Literature

Design and Implementation of Text–to-Speech (Audio) Entrepreneurship

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ABSTRACT Français

Geology
Design and Implementation of a Text-to-speech/audio system is the generation
History
of synthesized speech from text. The purpose of this paper is to make
synthesized speech as intelligible, natural and pleasant to listen, as human Human Resource Management

speech. Speech is the primary means of communication between people. Insurance

International Relations

During synthesis very small segments of recorded human speech are Law

concatenated together to produce the synthesized speech. Library Science

Linguistics
The quality of a speech synthesizer is judged by its similarity to the human voice Marketing
and by its ability to be understood. A text-to-speech synthesizer allows people Mass Communication
with visual impairments and reading disabilities to listen to written works on a Masters Dissertation
home computer. Mathematics

Mechanical Engineering
The system was developed using JAVASCRIPT, HTML and css.
Medical & Health Science

Microbiology
CHAPTER ONE New Topics

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INTRODUCTION O ce Technology Management

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Language is the ability to express one’s thoughts by means of a set of signs Pharmaceutical Sciences
(text), gestures, and sounds. It is a distinctive feature of human beings, who are
Philosophy
the only creatures to use such a system. Speech is the oldest means of
Physics
communication between people and it is also the most widely used. ‘Speech
Political Science
synthesis’ also called ‘Text to speech synthesis’ is the artificial production of
Project Management
human speech. A computer system used for this purpose is called a speech
Projects
synthesizer and can be implemented in software.
Psychology

Public Administration
A text-to-speech (TTS) system simply converts text to speech. Many computer
Public Health
operating systems have included speech synthesizers since the early 1990s.
Quantity Survey

Recent progress in speech synthesis has produced synthesizers with very high Science Laboratory Technology

intelligibility but the sound quality and naturalness still remain a major problem. Sociology

However, the quality of present products has reached an adequate level for Statistics

several applications, such as multimedia and telecommunications. Supply Chain Management

Theatre Arts
The following thesis presents a brief overview of the main text-to-speech Theology & Biblical Studies
synthesis problems, and the initial work done in building a TTS in English. UNIBEN Post UTME

Urban & Regional Planning

At first sight, this task does not look too hard to perform. After all we all have a
Veterinary Medicine
deep knowledge of reading rules of our mother tongue. They were transmitted
to us, in a simplified form, at primary school, and we improved them year after
year. But in the context of TTS synthesis, it is impossible to record and store all
the words of the language. Some other method has to be implemented for this
purpose. The quality of a speech synthesizer is judged by its similarity to the
human voice and by its ability to be understood. A text-to-speech synthesizer
allows people with visual impairments and reading disabilities to listen to written
works on a home computer. Many computer operating systems have included
speech synthesizers since the early 1990s.

Astro- physician Stephen Hawkins, who is completely paralyzed, gives all his
lectures using a TTS system.

Text-to-speech synthesis -TTS – is the automatic conversion of a text into

speech that resembles, as closely as possible, a native speaker of the language
reading that text. Text-to-speech/ Audio system is the technology which lets
computer speak to you. The TTS system gets the text as the input and then a
computer algorithm which called TTS engine analyses the text, pre-processes
the text and synthesizes the speech with some mathematical models. The TTS
engine usually generates sound data in an audio format as the output.

The text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis procedure consists of two main phases. The
first is text analysis, where the input text is transcribed into a phonetic or some
other linguistic representation, and the second one is the generation of speech
waveforms, where the output is produced from this phonetic and prosodic
information. These two phases are usually called high and low-level synthesis.
The input text might be for example data from a word processor, standard ASCII
from e-mail, a mobile text-message, or scanned text from a newspaper. The
character string is then pre-processed and analyzed into phonetic representation
which is usually a string of phonemes with some additional information for
correct intonation, duration, and stress. Speech sound is finally generated with
the low-level synthesizer by the information from high-level one. The artificial
production of speech-like sounds has a long history, with documented
mechanical attempts dating to the eighteenth century.

Speech synthesis can be described as artificial production of human speech. A

computer system used for this purpose is called a speech synthesizer, and can
be implemented in software or hardware. A text-to-speech (TTS) system
converts normal language text into speech. Synthesized speech can be created
by concatenating pieces of recorded speech that are stored in a database.
Systems differ in the size of the stored speech units; a system that stores
phones or diaphones provides the largest output range, but may lack clarity. For
specific usage domains, the storage of entire words or sentences allows for high-
quality output.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The problem area in speech synthesis is very wide. There are several problems
in text preprocessing, such as numerals, abbreviations, and acronyms. This
system will help solve the problems of those with learning disabilities, some
people have basic literary levels. They often get frustrated trying to browse the
internet because so much of it is in text form. People with visual impairment –
Text to speech can be a very useful tool for the mild or moderately visually
impaired.

Even for people with the visual capability to read, the process can often cause
too much strain to be of any use or enjoyment. With text to speech, people with
visual impairment can take in all manner of content in comfort instead of strain.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

The main objective of the paper is to design and implement a Text-to-
Speech/Audio System. The Speech/Audio system focuses precisely on the
following objectives:

– To Design and Implement a Speech synthesizer that converts text to audio.

– To Design and Implement a System that can read out text in any frequency
that user specifies.

– To design and implement a speech synthesizer that can read out text in both
female and male voices.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of this study is:

The application will build a platform to aid people with disabilities especially on
reading and also help get information easily without any stress.

The project could also help children learn how to pronounce words and how to
read.

The study will serve as a foundation and guide to other research students
interested in researching on Text-to-Speech systems.

1.5 LIMITATION OF STUDY

Text to Speech also has limitations. The most obvious drawback of text as a
knowledge building and communication tool is that it lacks the inherent
expressiveness of speech. When speech is transcribed into text, it loses many of
its unique qualities – tone, rhythm, pace and repetition that helps to reduce
memory demands and support comprehension. A transcript may accurately
record the spoken words, but the strategic and emotive qualities and impact of
speech are diminished on the page. Furthermore, the cognitive demands of
organizing ideas into acceptable syntax, conventions, and presentational form
can pose significant barriers to using text for expression among both novice and
expert writers alike. We think in images or word fragments. Ideas float in and
out of our heads—and rarely in a linear or conventional way. Writing attempts to
shape that free-forming, dynamic process of thought into a single, sequential
output of sentences and paragraphs. Some individuals may have all these
creative ideas in their imaginative mind, but because their mind is so much
quicker and richer than the pen, when they put ink to parchment, the outcome
is a blank sheet of paper.

1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Text-to-speech: text to speech application is used whenever there is a
difficulty in reading or whenever a reading is not the priority as of the moment.

Synthesized: produce (sound) electronically.

Communication: the imparting or exchanging of information by speaking,

writing, or using some other medium.

Transmitted: cause (something) to pass on from one person or place to

another.

Reading disabilities: is a condition in which a sufferer displays difficulty

reading.

System: a set of things working together as parts of a mechanism or an

interconnecting network; a complex whole.

Rhythm: the measured flow of words and phrases in verse or prose as

determined by the relation of long and short or stressed and unstressed
syllables.

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TOPICS Text–to-Speech Text–to-Speech (Audio) System

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