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MAPEH 6
Quarter 4 – Module 1
MAPEH – Grade 6
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4– Module 1: Health
First Edition, 2020

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HEALTH
FOURTH QUARTER
 Over the counter
Lesson and prescription
5 medicines.

As you go through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. Explains the uses of some over the counter and prescription
medicines.

What’s In

In the last lesson, you learned about the difference between

prescription of drugs and OTC drugs. Can you still remember the difference
of prescription and OTC drugs?
In this lesson, you will learn the uses of some over the counter and
prescription medicines. You will explain how this two kinds of medicines
can be available in the market place.

What’s New

A drug is a substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure,

mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease. Here are the main
differences between OTC drugs and prescription drugs.

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Prescription drugs are:
 Prescribed by a doctor
 Bought at a pharmacy
 Prescribed for and intended to be used by one person
 Regulated by FDA through the New Drug Application (NDA) process.
This is the formal step a drug sponsor takes to ask that the FDA
consider approving a new drug for marketing in the United States. An
NDA includes all animal and human data and analyses of the data, as
well as information about how the drug behaves in the body and how
it is manufactured. For more information on the NDA process, please
see "The FDA's Drug Review Process: Ensuring Drugs Are Safe and
Effective.

 OTC drugs are:

 Drugs that do NOT require a doctor's prescription
 Bought off-the-shelf in stores
 Regulated by FDA through
OTC Drug monographs. OTC

drug monographs are a kind of "recipe book" covering acceptable

ingredients, doses, formulations, and labeling. Monographs will continually
be updated adding additional ingredients and labeling as needed. Products
conforming to a monograph may be marketed without further FDA
clearance, while those that do not, must undergo separate review and
approval through the "New Drug Approval System.

What is it

Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines are drugs you can buy without a

prescription. Some OTC medicines relieve aches, pains, and itches. Some
prevent or cure diseases, like tooth decay and athlete's foot. Others help
manage recurring problems, like migraines and allergies.

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 In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration decides
whether a medicine is safe and effective enough to sell over-the-counter.
This allows you to take a more active role in your health care. But you also
need to be careful to avoid mistakes. Make sure to follow the instructions on
the drug label. If you don't understand the instructions, ask your
pharmacist or health care provider.
Also keep in mind that that there are still risks to taking OTC medicines:

 The medicine you are taking could interact with other

medicines, supplements, foods, or drinks
 Some medicines are not right for people with certain medical
conditions. For example, people with high blood pressure should not take
certain decongestants.
 Some people are allergic to certain medicines
 Many medicines are not safe during pregnancy. If you are
pregnant, check with your health care provider before taking any medicine.
 Be careful when giving medicines to children. Make sure that
you give your child the correct dose. If you are giving your child a liquid
medicine, don't use a kitchen spoon. Instead use a measuring spoon or a
dosing cup marked in teaspoons.
If you have been taking an OTC medicine but your symptoms don't go away,
contact your health care provider. You should not take OTC medicines
longer or in higher doses than the label recommends.
Food and Drug Administration

What’s More

What are prescription drugs?

Prescription drugs are often strong medications, which is why they require a prescription from a
doctor or dentist. There are three kinds of prescription drugs that are commonly misused:

 Opioids—used to relieve pain, such as Vicodin®, OxyContin®, or codeine

 Depressants—used to relieve anxiety or help a person sleep, such as
Valium® or Xanax®
 Stimulants— used for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),
such as Adderall® and Ritalin®

A prescription drug misuse has become a large public health problem, because misuse can lead
to addiction, and even overdoses deaths.

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What Makes Prescription Drug Misuse Unsafe

Every medication has some risk for harmful effects, sometimes serious ones. Doctors and
dentists consider the potential benefits and risks to each patient before prescribing medications and
take into account a lot of different factors, described below. When prescription drugs are misused,
they can be just as dangerous as drugs that are made illegally.

 Personal information. Before prescribing a drug, health providers consider a

person's weight, how long they've been prescribed the medication, other
medical conditions, and what other medications they are taking. Someone
misusing prescription drugs may overload their system or put themselves at
risk for dangerous drug interactions that can cause seizures, coma, or even
death.
 Form and dose. Doctors know how long it takes for a pill or capsule to
dissolve in the stomach, release drugs to the blood, and reach the brain.
When misused, prescription drugs are sometimes taken in larger amounts or
in ways that change the way the drug works in the body and brain, putting the
person at greater risk for an overdose. For example, when people who misuse
OxyContin® crush and inhale the pills, a dose that normally works over the
course of 12 hours hits the central nervous system all at once. This effect
increases the risk for addiction and overdose.
 Side effects. Prescription drugs are designed to treat a specific illness or
condition, but they often affect the body in other ways, some of which can be
uncomfortable, and in some cases, dangerous. These are called side effects.
Side effects can be worse when prescription drugs are not taken as
prescribed or are used in combination with other substances. See more on
side effects below.

How Prescription Drugs are Misused

 Taking someone else’s prescription medication, even if it is for a
medical reason (such as to relieve pain, to stay awake, or to fall asleep).

 Taking a prescription medication in a way other than prescribed—for instance,

taking more than the prescribed dose or taking it more often, or crushing pills
into powder to snort or inject the drug. 
 Taking your own prescription in a way that it is not meant to be taken is also
misuse. This includes taking more of the medication than prescribed or
changing its form—for example, breaking or crushing a pill or capsule
and then snorting the powder.
 Taking the prescription medication to get “high.” 
 Mixing it with alcohol or certain other drugs. Your pharmacist can tell you what
other drugs are safe to use with specific prescription drugs. 

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 What I Have Learned

What is the difference between prescribed medicines and over the counter
medicines?

What I can Do
ACTIVITY 1
Match the Column A with their meaning in Column B. Write the
letters only.

A B.
______1. It is a substance intended for A. Drug
use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation,
treatment, or prevention of disease.
______2. It is used for treating attention deficit B. Opioids
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),
such as Adderall® and Ritalin®
______3. What do you call in the medicines C. depressants
that you can buy without a prescription?
______4. It is used to relieve anxiety or help a D. Over-the-counter
person sleep, such as Valium® or Xanax® (OTC)
______5. It is used to relieve pain, such as Vicodin®,
OxyContin®, or codeine E. Stimulants

ANSWER KEY
What I can do
1. A
2. E
3. D
4. C
5. B

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