Brene Brown Curajul de A Fi Vulnerabil

J][AC]F
GM A DB
T]FHM[AKBF
J][WMA TMJEM Y]KFBZEBHN
KujurmŜtb, ;914
Gr. K[MHdm K[L^H (h. 124=) mstm prldmslarĊ Ŝb jmrjmtĊtlarm fa Jlfmnbuf Ylstuhbvmrsbtar gm AsbstmhŪĊ ZljbafĊ gm fa ]hbvmrsbtatma gbh
Elustlh, Wmxas. Bh uftbobb trmbsprmzmjm ahb, a stugbat vufhmrakbfbtatma, juracuf, smhtbomhtuf
smhtbomhtuf vaflrbb pmrslhafm Ŝb jmf af ruŜbhbb.
Mstm autlarma a trmb jĊrŪb jarm au acuhs hr. 1 pm fbsta jmflr oab kbhm vëhgutm tbtfurb a jltbgbahufub Wem Hmw Rlr` Wboms. Wem Nbdts ld Bopmrdmjtblh
bopmrdmjŪbuhbb) èh ;919, Garbhn
(Garurbfm bopmrdmjŪbuhbb) èh ;919, Garbhn Nrmatfy (tmxtuaf3
Nrmatfy (tmxtuaf3 èhgrĊzhmŜtm ouft) èh ;91; Ŝb [bsbhn Ztrlhn ([bgbjĊ-tm putmrhbj) èh
putmrhbj) èh ;91=.
77
Mstm dlhgatlarma Ŝb g brmjtlarma jlouhbtĊŪbflr
jlouhbtĊŪbflr gm èhvĊŪarm lhfbhm Wem Garbhn ây (‘Jafma
ây (‘Jafma èhgrĊzhmaŪĊ ) Ŝb Jluranm ^lr`s
(‘Juracuf duhjŪblhmazĊ ), jarm ldmrĊ m-jursurb, atmfbmrm Ŝb sukbmjtm gm bhtmrvburb pmhtru pmrslahmfm prbvatm Ŝb lrnahbzaŪbbfm prmnĊtbtm pmhtru l vbaŪĊ
oab juraclasĊ, pmhtru a bukb Ŝb jlhgujm.
77
JlhdmrbhŪa mb gbh ;919, ‘Yutmrma vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb , gbh smrba WMGx Elustlh, sm huoĊrĊ prbhtrm prbomfm jbhjb jlhdmrbhŪm WMG Ūbhutm èh fuoma
èhtrmanĊ Ŝb a dlst vbzuafbzatĊ lhfbhm gm
lhfbhm gm pmstm ;= gm obfblahm gm utbfbzatlrb.
Krmhm Krlwh fljubmŜtm fa Elustlh, èoprmuhĊ ju slŪuf mb, Ztmvm, Ŝb jmb glb jlpbb. Mffmh Ŝb Jearfbm. Jartma gm
daŪĊ a dlst tragusĊ èh pmstm trmbzmjb gm fbokb, èh tlatĊ fuoma.
J][AC]F
GM A DB T]FHM[AKBF
T]FHM[AK BF
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B]KMŘWB
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K[MHM K[L^H
Wragujmrm gbh fboka mhnfmzĊ gm
FBTB] GAZJċF] Ŝb J[BZWBHA []Z]
Juvëht-èhabhtm
Juvëht-èhabhtm fa mgbŪba èh fboka rloëhĊ gm
NAZYA[ NRL[NR Ŝb LWBFBA OAHWMFM[Z
J][WMA (è TMJEM
TMJEM
Gmsjrbmrma J1Y a Kbkfbltmjbb HaŪblhafm a [loëhbmb

K[L^H, K[MHM
Juracuf gm db vufhmrakbf3 sjebokĊ dmfuf èh jarm trĊbmŜtb, bukmŜtb, mgujb Ŝb jlhgujb /
Krmhm Krlwh 0 juvëht-èhabutm fa mgbŪba èh fboka rloëhĊ
gm NĊspĊr Nybbrny Ŝb Lfbvba Oahtmfmrs 0 trag. gm Fbvbu Gasjëfu
Ŝb Jrbstbha [usu. - KujurmŜtb 3 Jurtma Tmjem Yukfbsebhn, ;914
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1. NĊspĊr
NĊspĊr Nybbrny
Nybbrny (prmd.)
(prmd.)
BB. Oahtmfmrs, Lfbvba (prmd.)
BBB. GasjĊfu, Fbvbu
Fbvbu (trag.)
(trag.)
BBBB. [usu, Jrbstbha (trag.)
1=2.25
Mgbtlr3 Nrbnlrm Arsmhm
[mgajtlrb3 [Ċzvah HĊstasm, O. NadbŪa
Wmehlrmgajtarm Ŝb jlrmjturĊ3 GranlŜ Guobtrmsju, O. NadbŪa
J][WMA TMJEM Y]KFBZEBHN
str. Aurmf Tfabju hr. :=, KujurmŜtb, 9;9921
rmgajŪbm3 9>77 == 7> 4:
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gbstrbkuŪbm3 9;1 ;49 ;; 5>, 9;1 ;;; ;= :4,9>77 :4 2> ;1
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K[MHM K[L^H
Garbhn Nrmatfy3
Nrmatfy3 Eau3 tem Jluranm
Jluranm Bl km Tufhmrakfm
Tufhmrakfm Wrahsdlros
Wrahsdlros
tem ây ^m Fbvm, Flvm, Yarot, ahg Fmag
Jlpyrbnet © ;91; Krmhm Krlwh
Yukfbsemg ky arrahnmomht wbte Nlteao Kll`s,
a omokmr ld Ymhnubh Nrlup (] ZA) Bhj.
A] rbnets rmsmrvmg, bhjfugbhn tem rbnet ld rmprlgujtblh
bh wfblfm lr bh part, bh ahy dlro.
© J][WMA TMJEM Y]KFBZEBHN, ;91:
pmhtru prmz mhta vmrsbu hm èh fboka rloëhĊ
BZKH 2>5-494-=55-547->
J]TAHW-BHABHWM fa mgbŪba èh fboka rloëhĊ

NAspAr NyLrny
psbelfl n jfbh bjbah Ŝb psbe ltmra pmut r mfaŪblh af
Ltbfba Oahtmfmrs
mxpmrtĊ èh parmhtbhn
èh parmhtbhn
J][AC]F GM A DB T]FHM[AKBF mstm
T]FHM[AKBF mstm l plvmstm rmafĊ gmsprm juracuf gm A DB ju agmvĊrat W], gmsprm boplrtahŪa ajjmptĊrbb
gm sbhm
sbhm èhtr-l
èhtr-l pmrblagĊ
pmrblagĊ èh jarm pmrdmj
pmrdmjŪbu
Ūbuhma
hma parm
parm a hm gmdbhb
gmdbhb dbmjarm
dbmjarm nmst,
nmst, afmnmrm
afmnmrm sau obŜjarm
obŜjarm gbh rmpmrtl
rmpmrtlrbu
rbuff
jloplrtaomhtaf. A-Ūb pmrobtm sĊ dbb vufhmrakbf, sĊ èhgrĊzhmŜtb sĊ spub hu, gupĊ
hu, gupĊ jm tlatĊ vbaŪa ab spus ga, sĊ
ga, sĊ jrmzb Ŝb sĊ sboŪb
jĊ-Ūb acuhnb Ūbm èhsuŪb, èhtr- l fuom èh jarm hbobj hu m sudbjbmht gm kuh sau gm bhtmrmsaht, sĊ-Ūb bmb bhboa èh gbhŪb Ŝb sĊ vlrkmŜtb
gmsprm pĊrŪbfm èhtuhmjatm afm sudfmtufub tĊu ‗ tlatm ajmstma hmjmsbtĊ l sjebokarm gm pmrspmjtbvĊ Ŝb l hluĊ vbzbuhm fa hbvmf
pmrslha f Ŝb r mfaŪbl haf.
Jrmgmo jĊ lrbjm sjebokarm èhjmpm ju l rmvlfuŪbm bhtmrblarĊ, ajtbvatĊ gm trahsobtmrma gbrmjtĊ a omsacufub jĊ ‘sm platm Ŝb
aftdmf" ‗ sm platm sĊ trĊbo Ŝb dĊrĊ sĊ tranmo pbmfma gm pm hlb0 sm platm sĊ bukbo Ŝb dĊrĊ sĊ hm oab asjuhgmo gupĊ tlhm gm
arourb Ŝb zbgurb gmdmhsbvm0 sm platm sĊ dbo pĊrbhŪb kuhb Ŝb dĊrĊ sĊ rmhuhŪĊo fa hlb èhŜbhm Ŝb sĊ hm ruŜbhĊo jlpbbb sbstmoatbj0
sm platm sĊ dbo fbgmrb Ŝb dĊrĊ sĊ jrbtbjĊo sau sĊ hm èhgrmptĊo aromfm psbelflnbjm èopltrbva jmflr gm fëhnĊ hlb. Bar gr. Krmhm
Krlwh, jmrjmtĊtlarma jarm a sjls ruŜbhma Ŝb vufhmrakbfbtatma
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J][AC]F GM A DB T]FHM[AKBF
fa fuobhĊ, gmsjrbm omjahbsouf hmjmsar ajmstlr sjebokĊrb, èhtr-uh fbokac sbopfu Ŝb ajjmsbkbf, fĊsëhgu-hm boprmsba jĊ stĊo fa
plvmŜtb ju uh prbmtm h jaf g, nrb cufbu Ŝb, oa b prms us gm tlatm, mxtrmo gm sbhj mr.
èh jafbtatm gm tmrapmuŪb rmfaŪblhafb, èhtëfhbo zbfhbj laomhb jarm suht èh jĊutarm gm rĊspuhsurb Ŝb mxpfbjaŪbb fa l ouftbtugbhm gm
rmajŪbb autloatm sau tbparm jloplrtaomhtafm, gmsprm jarm avmo prlduhga jlhvbhnmrm jĊ hu hm aparŪbh, gar daŪĊ gm jarm hm
ao ataŜat, gbhtr-l fbpsĊ gbspmratĊ gm aftmrhatbvm sĊhĊtlasm pmhtru supravbmŪubrm.
NAZYA[ NRL[NR3 O-ao hĊsjut Ŝb ao jrmsjut èhtr-l daobfbm èh jarm sbhnurmfm olomhtm jëhg sm vlrkma gmsprm molŪbb
mrau atuhjb jëhg sm jĊuta uh vbhlvat sau jëhg ob sm spuhma jm h-ar trmkub sĊ sbot3 sĊ hu sbot drbjĊ, pmhtru jĊ mstm l glvagĊ
gm sfĊkbjbuhm0 sĊ hu sbot durbm, pmhtru jĊ mstm l glvagĊ gm rĊutatm0 sĊ hu sbot kujurbm, pmhtru jĊ ‘oëbhm sbnur vmb pfëhnm".
BatĊ gm jm, pmhtru a-ob pĊstra smhtbomhtuf gm apartmhmhŪĊ, l vbaŪĊ èhtrmanĊ ob-ao boanbhat jĊ, ‘gajĊ sbot, èhsmaohĊ jĊ m gm
rĊu", Ŝb ahb gm zbfm o-ao strĊgubt sĊ-ob èhmj molŪbbfm, pmhtru a jlrmspuhgm uhub tbpar bgmaf ‗ acuhnëhg sĊ gmzvlft, èh tbop,
gbdmrbtm dlrom gm ahxbmtatm Ŝb mvbtëhg èh olg jlhstaht hmhuoĊratm Ŝahsm gm jrmŜtmrm Ŝb gmzvlftarm, huoab pmhtru jĊ hu oĊ
putmao raplr ta fa ajmstm a ja uh lo sjufpta t èh stëhjĊ . Oab ouft sau oab puŪbh jlhŜtbm ht, ao acuhs, ju tbopuf, sĊ-ob dbu
hmjuhlsjut, gmvmhbhg tlt oab strĊbh daŪĊ gm obhm èhsuob Ŝb gm fuoma oma bhtmrblarĊ ‗ pmhtru jĊ ajmastĊ gbstahŪarm daŪĊ gm
vufhmrakbfbtatm (lrbjm uroĊ gm tmaoĊ sau ajtbvarm molŪblhafĊ), a dlst ju agmvĊrat l gmjlhmjtarm, èh prbouf rëhg daŪĊ gm obhm
èhsuob Ŝb aplb daŪĊ gm lomhmsjuf gbh hlb. Bar pmhtru a-ob juftbva bfuzba uhmb vbmŪb èopfbhbtm, o-ao strĊgubt sĊ-b gmtmrobh Ŝb
pm afŪbb sĊ sm èhgrmpt m sprm prljmsu f gm asuoar m a vufhmr akbfbtĊ Ūbb ‗ mu rĊoëhë hg jlhdlr takbf èh dltlfbuf omu gm
psbeltm rapmut , asj uhzëh g èh ob hm tma oa jĊ ‘agmv Ċruf o mu
juvëht-Bhabhtm fa mgbŪba èh fboka rloëhĊ >

hu acuhnm0 sfĊkbjbuhma oma m gmznustĊtlarm Ŝb rmspbhnĊtlarm". Ahbb au trmjut Ŝb oĊ sboŪmao uh Ŝarfatah, jarm hu dajm hbobj
aftjmva, gmjët sĊ sm prmtbhgĊ jmva jm hu mstm, glar ja sĊ dbm ajjmptat Ŝb aprmjbat sljbaf Ŝb rmfaŪblhaf ‗ spuhëhg omrmu3
‘Zbnur, ju oarm gran"0 afmnëhg sĊ fm dbm kbhm aftlra Ŝb, gbh pĊjatm, rĊu obm0 mxanmrëhg ju ouhja Ŝb bnhlrëhgu-ob sĊhĊtatma
Ŝb hmvlba gm lgbehĊ. Wlatm ajmstma o-au sakltat pëhĊ èh uroĊ ju jëŪbva ahb, jëhg ao jlhŜtbmhtbzat jĊ, lrbjët gm ouft aŜ dunb
gm molŪbb, ajmstma
ajmstma oĊ vlr acuhnm omrmu gbh uroĊ0 sau jĊ, lrbjët gm ouft fm-aŜ dajm aftlra pm pfaj, mb ar putma db omrmu
gmzaoĊnbŪb Ŝb hmoufŪuobŪb gm bopmrdmjŪbuhbfm omfm. Řb ajmfa a dlst olomhtuf èh jarm ao afms sĊ hu-ob oab dbm drbjĊ gm
obhm, sĊ hu-ob oab asjuhg vufhmrakbfbtatma Ŝb sĊ èhjmp sĊ trĊbmsj ‘ju tlatĊ bhboa". [mjuhlsjëhg astdmf, gupĊ ahb gm rmpmtatm
mŜmjurb Ŝb hlpŪb hmglrobtm, jĊ a sboŪb molŪbb èhsmaohĊ a rĊoëhm vbu, a fm ajjmpta èhsmaohĊ a oĊ (rm)jlhmjta (fa obhm
èhsuob Ŝb fa jmbfafŪb), bar a fm puhm èh juvbhtm mstm l agmvĊratĊ glvagĊ gm jurac, èhtr-l jufturĊ pfbhĊ gm jbhbso Ŝb jrbtbjĊ.
Astdmf, dbmjarm gbhtrm hlb arm plsbkbfbtatma sĊ afmanĊ èhtrm autmhtbjbtatm Ŝb bnhlrarma gm sbhm0 èhtrm starma gm kbhm Ŝb bpljrbzbm
‗ boplr taht m stm sĊ Ŝtbo, èhsĊ, jĊ sm platm Ŝb èht r-aftd mf, j Ċ, è h jbug a dap tufub j Ċ hu hm pu tmo sj eboka bstlrba , putm o rm sjrbm
pĊrŪb gbh plvmstm a hl astrĊ, asuoëh gu-hm trmjutu f Ŝb ahnacë hgu-hm jlhŜtbm ht èh p rljmsu f g m bh tmnra rm hu glar jlnhbtb vĊ, gar
Ŝb molŪblhafĊ, a bstlrbmb gm vbaŪĊ. Ymhtru jĊ, lrbjët gm smgujĊtlarm ar db prlobsbuhma uhmb vbmŪb pmrdmjtm, ajmasta sm rmdmrĊ fa
rmhuhŪarm,
rmhuhŪarm, fa ruŜbhm,
ruŜbhm, fa prmdĊjĊtlrbm
prmdĊjĊtlrbm Ŝb sudmrbhŪĊ. èh tbop jm l vbaŪĊ bopmrdmjtĊ mstm l plvmstm plvmstm ju pfusurb
pfusurb Ŝb obhusurb,
obhusurb, ju
gurmrm Ŝb vbhgmjarm, ju vufhmrakbfbtatm Ŝb bopfbjarm, ju ouft jurac Ŝb asuoarm, ju hmhuoĊratm olomhtm gm jĊgmrm Ŝb rbgbjarm.
LWBFFA OAHWMFM[Z3 Ymhtru obhm, prlvljarma jma oab oarm, fa vërsta gm aguft, mstm ajmma gm a oĊ juhlaŜtm Ŝb a sboŪb
jbhm suht mu ju agmvĊrat,
agmvĊrat, gm a oĊ pfĊjma juo suht, ja dmombm. Gm a oĊ ajjmpta, hu huoab huoab ju pĊrŪbfm omfm gm ‘zëha jma
kuhĊ",
5
jarm èoprĊŜtbm kujurbm, fuobhĊ, Ŝb fm zëokmŜtm jmflr gbh cur, jb Ŝb ju pĊrŪbfm gm ‘vrĊcbtlarma jma rma", jĊrmba b sm aprbhg ljebb
jëhg sm èhdurbm, jarm katm gbh pbjblr jëhg hu b sm rmspmjtĊ grmpturbfm, jebar gajĊ uhmlrb prma tarm, Ŝb-b gmrahcmazĊ pm jmb gbh
cur. èhjĊ gm fa jma oab dranmg Ċ vërstĊ , ja sĊ hu pbmrg aprlka rma, ajjmp tarma Ŝb bukbrm a pĊrbhŪb flr Ŝb a pmrsla hmflr gbh curuf
omu,
omu, ob-ao
ob-ao gmzvlft
gmzvlftat
at uh omjahbs
omjahbsoo smgujĊtl
smgujĊtlrr gm a prbob
prbob granls
granlstma
tma33 ajmfa
ajmfa gm a stugba
stugba dbmjarm
dbmjarm pmrslah
pmrslahĊĊ ju jarm
bhtmrajŪblhao zbfhbj, gm a lksmrva gm jm avma hmvlbm Ŝb gm a-b èhgmpfbhb ajma hmvlbm. GajĊ kuhbja sboŪma hmvlbm s-l asjuft,
asta dĊjmao. GajĊ tata avma hmvlbm hmvlbm gm jurĊŪmhbm,
jurĊŪmhbm, atuhjb l dĊjmao0
dĊjmao0 gajĊ aftjbhmva
aftjbhmva avma hmvlbm gm aprmjbmrm
aprmjbmrm Ŝb faugm, mu
bhtubao Ŝb fm ldmrmao. Řb jmf oab èhdrbjlŜĊtlr mstm jĊ acuhsmsmo sĊ daj fujruf ajmsta fa vërsta gm > ahb Ŝb-f dĊjmao ju ouftĊ
haturafmŪm.
haturafmŪm. Mrao jlpbfuf nrlzav, bukbt gm prldmslrb,
prldmslrb, bukbt gm jlfmnb,
jlfmnb, gar...
gar... gmstuf
gmstuf gm sbhnurĊ
sbhnurĊ èh bhtmrblruf
bhtmrblruf omu. ZbhnurĊ,
ZbhnurĊ,
pmhtru jĊ, gmsbnu r, hu putmao cuja rlfuf ajmsta èh tlatm rmfaŪb bfm3 ju p rbmtmh bb a prlpba Ūb, ju dratmf m om u, è ob ‘ gĊgmao araoa
pm da ŪĊ"! Řb a jmast Ċ jl htragb jŪbm ‗ èhtr m j uo mr ao pm rjmpu tĊ èh mxtmrb lr Ŝb dĊŪĊrh bjba pm j arm jrmgm ao j -l a o, pm htru jĊ, èh
agëhjuf omu bhtmrblr, hu mrao zëha jma kuhĊ ‗ oĊ sdëŜba èh gluĊ. Ju jët oĊ sboŪmao oab rma èh bhtmrblr, ju atët èhjmrjao
sĊ dbu oab kuhĊ ju jmb gbh mxtmrblr, ja sĊ oĊ asbnur jĊ prbomao ajma granlstm. Krmhm Krlwh Ŝb ajmastĊ jartm dakuflasĊ au
jlhtrbkubt mhlro fa ajjmptarma pĊrŪbb aŜa-zbjëhg ‘rmfm" gbh obhm, jarm, gm dapt, hu-b aŜa. Ao èhŪmfms jĊ ao Ŝb mu hbŜtm drbjb,
hbŜtm durbb jarm prlvlajĊ ajmfm jloplrtaomhtm pm jarm jmb dlartm aprlpbaŪb fm vĊg Ŝb hu fm pfaj. Ao èhŪmfms gbh ajmastĊ jartm
jĊ ao hmvlbm sĊ-ob juftbv rmfaŪbb gm èhjrmgmrm, èh jarm jmfĊfaft hu sm tmom gm obhm èh plstura gm ‘vrĊcbtlarm", jĊ, gbopltrbvĊ,
l pfajm Ŝb vmgm Ŝb gbhjlfl gm ma3 vmgm l dmtbŪĊ jarm a dlst jëhgva rĊhbtĊ, rĊhbtĊ, bar ajuo vbhm fa fuobhĊ, dbbhgjĊ
dbbhgjĊ asta èŜb glrma
gbhtltgmauha. Ao èhŪmfms gm fa Krmhm Krlwh jët gm mfbkmratlr mstm sĊ hu oĊ sbot ruŜbhatĊ, atuhjb jëhg H] fm daj pm tlatm,
aŜa juo suht lkbŜhubtm dmombfm sĊ augĊ pm tlatm jahafmfm oass- omgbmb3 oĊ arahcmz, ja sĊ arĊt
J]TËHW-ÈHABHWM
J]TËHW-ÈHABHWM FA MGBūBA ÈH FBOKA [LOËHċ 2
kbhm, sĊ a o l jarbm rĊ è h jr mŜtmrm gm f a uh ah fa aftuf, sĊ d bu l dmombm gm ja sĊ m xmopfa rĊ, sĊ nĊ tmsj, sĊ èh nrbcms j, s Ċ ao zbfhbj
mhmrnba smxuafĊ fa jltm oaxbom, sĊ dbu prbmtmhĊ kuhĊ, jlfmnĊ èhŪmfmnĊtlarm, ŜmdĊ gbpfloatĊ, gmlpltrbvĊ mopatbjĊ Ŝb dmroĊ!
vufhmrakbf mstm l jartm pmhtru kĊrkaŪb Ŝb dmomb, pmhtru pĊrbhŪb Ŝb fbgmrb, pmhtru draŪb Ŝb kuhbjb, pmhtru prbmtmhb Ŝb
Juracuf gm a db vufhmrakbf mstm
prldms lrb ‗ pm htru tlŪb jmb jarm jrmg jĊ putmrm a r mfaŪbb flr mstm oab ouft gmjët uh aft jfbŜmu dlrŪa t, èhtr-l fuom globhat Ċ g m
autl-sudbjbmhŪĊ, pmrdmjŪblhbso Ŝb hmèhgmstufarm. Mstm l jartm gmsprm juracuf gm a dajm bhvbzbkbfuf vbzbkbf Ŝb gm a hm asuoa
rbsjuf gm a db gmsjlpmrbŪb. Jmb oab oufŪb laomhb daŪĊ gm jarm hm rmfaŪblhĊo spuh jët gm ouft au lklsbt suk plvara drbjbb gm a
hu nrmŜb, gm a hu db cugmjaŪb, jrbtbjaŪb ‗ ju aftm juvbhtm, juo sm stbhnm, èhjmtuf ju èhjmtuf, tlt jm mstm lomhmsj èh hlb,
mhmrnba gm a dajm fujrurb, spmrahŪa jĊ hm platm db oab kbhm, juracuf gm a vbsa Ŝb fupta pmhtru vbbtlruf oab kuh, èhjrmgmrma èh
gbvbhbtatm Ŝb jlhvbhnmrma jĊ suhtmo oab ouft gmjët ao db jrmzut vrmlgatĊ.
GajĊ ar db sĊ ldmrbo uh Yrmobu Hlkmf pmhtru jma oab kuhĊ jartm gm autl-juhlaŜtmrm Ŝb bhtmfbnmhŪĊ rmfaŪblhafĊ ‗ dĊrĊ
mzbtarm, autlarmb Krmhm Krlwh b-ar db gmjmrhat, pmhtru ouhja gm jmrjmtarm gmpusĊ ahb gm zbfm, èh spbrbtuf èhŪmfmnmrbb Ŝb
prlolvĊ rbb pr mŪubrbb gm sbh m, g ar Ŝb pmhtru autmhtb jbtatm Ŝb tmha jbtatm , jë hg vbh m vlr ka gm sprm autl-g mzvĊfu brm Ŝb tra hspuhm rma
gatmflr ŜtbbhŪbdbjm èhtr-uh fbokac ajjmsbkbf lrbjub. Bar gbhjlfl gm tlatm ajmstma, avmo jlhvbhnmrma jĊ l jlhvmrsaŪbm sbhjmrĊ
gmsprm rmfaŪblharm, ruŜbhm, vufhmrakbfbtatm Ŝb jurac platm sjeboka l vbaŪĊ, l daobfbm, l jlouhbtatm, jebar l èhtrmanĊ haŪbuhm.
[MJ]HLŘWBHūA OMA
Hu kujurb a m jma ja rm hm dajm
rmjuhlsjĊtlrb0
rmjuhlsjĊtlrb0 rmjuhlŜtbhŪa m jma jarm hm
agujm kujurba.
Dratmfm Gavbg Ztmbhgf-[ast*
Ztmbhgf-[ast*
ANMHūB
ANMHūBFL[FL[ OMB FBWM[A
FBWM[A[B,
[B, Cl-F
Cl-Fyhh
yhhmm ^lrfmy
lrfmy Ŝb Clahbm
Clahbm
Zelmoa`mr3 TĊ oufŪuomsj, pmhtru j-aŪb jrmzut èh obhm Ŝb èh ajmastĊ
fujrarm.
Oahanmrufub omu, Ourglje Oa`bhhlh3 MŜtb uh jlpbflt mxtralrgbhar.
Fa jët oab ouftm atmrbzĊrb pmrdmjtm!
[mgajtlrufu
[mgajtlrufubb omu, Ylffy @lje, jarm ob-a dlst Ŝb prldmslr èh afm
sjrbsufub3
sjrbsufub3 H-aŜ db putut sjrbm ajmastĊ jartm dĊrĊ acutlruf
acutlruf tĊu, spuh ju
tlatĊ sbhjmrbtatma. èŪb suht atët gm rmjuhlsjĊtlarm!
CmssbjĊb Zbhgfmr gm fa Nlteao, rmgajtlarma jĊrŪbb3 èŪb oufŪuomsj pmhtru
èhŪmfmpjbuh
èhŪmfmpjbuhma
ma Ŝb bgmbfm
bgmbfm mxjmfmhtm,
mxjmfmhtm, ja Ŝb pmhtru smara dahtastbj
dahtastbj gm
gbstrajtbvĊ pmtrmjutĊ èoprmuhĊ. OĊ sbot, gm parj-aŜ db jëŜtbnat fa
fltmrba rmgajtlrbflr.
Mgbtlrufub omu, Kbff Zebh`mr, Ŝb èhtrmnbb mjebpm gm fa Nlteao3 Olhbja
Kmhafjazar,
Kmhafjazar, Zprbhn Eltmfbhn,
Eltmfbhn, Ymtm Narjmau,
Narjmau, Fbsa Clehslh, Ahhm
@lsols`b, Jasmy Oaflhmy, Faurmh Oarbhl, Zlpeba Outeurac, Mrbja
Dmrnuslh, Jrabn Zjehmbgmr3 TĊ oufŪuomsj pmhtru tafmhtuf, rĊkgarma Ŝb
mhtuzbasouf
mhtuzbasouf vlstru.
vlstru. * JĊfunĊr
JĊfunĊr kmhmgbj
kmhmgbjtbh
tbh (h. 12;4), juhlsjut
juhlsjut pmhtru
bopfbjarma sa èh gbaflnuf gbhtrm jrmgbhŪm Ŝb jmf gbhtrm rmfbnbm Ŝb ŜtbbhŪĊ, (h.
trag)
1;
Ao tlatĊ rmjuhlŜtbhŪa
rmjuhlŜtbhŪa pmhtru naŜja gm fa Zpma`mrs Lddbjm3 Elffb
Jatjeplfm, Cmhhy Jahzlhmrb, @rbstmh Dbhm, Jassbm Nfasnlw, Oarsea
Elrsel`, Objemfm [ukbhl Ŝb @bo Ztar`3 Emb, CJah, uhgm ar trmkub sĊ
dbu, fa Mgolhtl h<
Zuht
Zuht mxtrmo
mxtrmo gm rmjuhlrmjuhlsjĊt
sjĊtlar
larmm pmhtru
pmhtru tafmht
tafmhtuf
uf Ŝb prbjmpm
prbjmpmrma
rma
gmsbnh
gmsbnhmru
mrufub
fub nradbj
nradbj Mfah
Mfah Olrnah
Olrnah Ŝb pmhtru
pmhtru ouhja
ouhja ubobtl
ubobtlarm
arm a
nradbjbahufub
nradbjbahufub Hbjelfas ^bftlh.
^bftlh. Fm oufŪuomsj
oufŪuomsj fub Tbhjmht Eyoah,
pmhtru tafmht uf sĊu mgbtlr baf, Ŝb fub Cayom Clehslh, gm fa ^lrtey
Oar`mtbhn Nrlup, pmhtru olguf èh jarm a Ŝtbut sĊ jlouhbjm ju obhm Ŝb
pmhtru èhŪmfm pjbuhm a mb.
TĊ oufŪuomsj vluĊ, prbmtmhbflr omb, jmb jarm o-aŪb prlvljat sĊ oĊ arĊt
jmflrfafŪb, sĊ dbu juraclasĊ Ŝb sĊ èhgrĊzhmsj ju lrbjm prmŪ3 Cbooy Kartz,
Hmnase Kmreah u, Zebdmr aw Kmreah u, Darra e Krahbdd , ^mhgy Kur`s,
@atemrbhm Jmhtmr, Wrajmy Jfar`, [lhga Gmarbhn, Faura Mastlh, @rbs
Mgmfembt, Kmvmrfy Ŝb Jebp Mgmhs, Ob`m Mrwbh, Drbmga Drlomh, Ymtmr
Duga, Abb Mgwargs,
Mgwargs, OĊrnĊrbtĊ
OĊrnĊrbtĊ Dflrms, Cmh Nrmy, Gawh Dèmgnmpmte,
Dèmgnmpmte,
[lkmrt Ebffb`mr,
Ebffb`mr, @armh Elfoms,
Elfoms, Ahgrma Jlrlha
Jlrlha Cmh`bhs,
Cmh`bhs, Oyrbao
Oyrbao
Clsmpe, Cmh Fmm, Jearfms @bfmy, Cmhhy Fawslh, Cmh Fmomh, Earrbmt
Fmrhmr,
Fmrhmr, Mfbzakmte
Mfbzakmte Fmssmr, Zusbm Flrmgl,
Flrmgl, Faura Oayms, OaŪb [lsm
OjGlhlune, Yatrbj` Obffmr, êbthmy Lnfm, Clmy [myhlfgs, @mffy [am
[lkmrts, Tbrnbhba [lhgmrl-Emrhahgmz, Nrmtjemh [ukbh, Ahgrma Zjemr,
Ymtmr Zemaeah, Gbaha Ztlros, Afmssah- gra gm Zluza, [ba ]hslh, @armh
âfrlhg, Cmss ^mbhmr, Oabfm ^bfslh, Mrbj ^bffbaos Ŝb Faura ^bffbaos.
Juratlrbflr gm fa WMGx Elustlh3 Cavbmr Daguf, @ara Oatemhy Ŝb Wbo
GmZbfva3 TĊ oufŪuomsj, pmhtru j-aŪb avut èhjrmgmrm èh obhm Ŝb v-aŪb
asuoat uh asmomhma rbsj.
Ymhtru
Ymhtru daobfb
daobfbaa mxtbhs
mxtbhsĊĊ a jlhdmrb
jlhdmrbhŪm
hŪmflr
flr WMG3 èh fuha
fuha oab 1225, èb
spuhmao slŪufub omu, Ztmvm, jĊ vbsuf omu mra sĊ prlvlj l gbsjuŪbm fa
hbvmf haŪblhaf gmsprm ruŜbhm. TĊ oufŪuomsj
oufŪuomsj vluĊ j-aŪb dĊjut plsbkbfĊ
plsbkbfĊ
èopfbhbrma ajmstub vbs. Fm plrt rmjuhlŜtbhŪĊ
[MJ]HLŘWBHūA OMA 1:
fub Jerbs Ahgmrslh, @mffy Ztlmtzmf, Cuhm Jlemh, Wlo [bmffy, Hbjelfas
^mbhkmr
^mbhkmrn,n, Ob`m Fuhgnrmh Ŝb èhtrmnbb
èhtrmnbb flr mjebpm gm laomhb jarm
rĊspëhgmsj bgmb vaflrlasm Ŝb trahsdlroĊ vbsurbfm èh rmafbtatm.
AsbstmhŪbflr gbh jagruf ajtbvbtĊŪbb omfm gm jmrjmtarm, Zaka @elhsarb Ŝb
Rlfahga
Rlfahga Tbffarmaf3 TĊ oufŪuomsj pmhtru ahnacaomht, rĊkgarm Ŝb ouhjĊ
bhtmhsĊ.
YĊrbhŪbflr hlŜtrb, Gmahhm [lnmrs Ŝb Gavbg [lkbhslh, Olffy Oay Ŝb
Jeuj` Krlwh, Cajlkbha
Cajlkbha Ŝb Kbff Affmy,
Affmy, Jlr`y Ŝb Caj` Jrbsjb3
Jrbsjb3 TĊ
oufŪuo
oufŪuobobo j-aŪb
j-aŪb jrmzut
jrmzut èhtltg
èhtltgmauh
mauhaa èh hlb,
hlb, hm-aŪb
hm-aŪb bukbt
bukbt ju atëta
atëta
eltĊrërm, aŪb dlst èhhmkuhbŪb gupĊ jlpbbb hlŜtrb Ŝb hm-aŪb èhvĊŪat sĊ avmo
juracuf gm a db vufhmrakbfb.
DraŪbflr Ŝb surlrbflr omfm, Asefmy Ŝb Aoaya [ubz, Karrmtt, Drah`bm Ŝb
Nakb Nubffmh, Caslh Krlwh, Ŝb Cmh Ŝb Gavbg Affmy3 TĊ oufŪuomsj
pmhtru bukbrm a, sus Ūbhmrm a, rë suf, fa jrbobf m Ŝb èhjura cĊrbfm vlastr m.
Fub Ztmvm, Mffmh Ŝb Jearfbm3 Tlb aŪb dĊjut tltuf plsbkbf. Hu Ŝtbu jm-ao
dĊjut, ja sĊ omrbt sĊ dbu atët gm hlrljlasĊ. TĊ bukmsj.
‘J][AC Dċ[ċ FBOBWM"
ÈHW[-]H GBZJ][Z BHWBW]FAW ‘JmtĊŪmhba èh rmpukfbjĊ", uhmlrb jbtat Ŝb suk tbtfuf ‘Louf gbh armhĊ", Ūbhut fa Zlrklha, èh
zbua gm ;: aprbfbm 1219, Wemlglrm [llsmvmft ‗ pm atuhjb, dlst YrmŜmgbhtm af Ztatmflr ]hbtm ‗ spuhma uroĊtlarmfm vlrkm,
prbh j arm d ranomh tuf a gmvmhbt dabols3
‘Boplrtaht hu m jmf jm jrbtbjĊ0 hbjb ajmfa jarm aratĊ juo sm èopbmgbjĊ louf putmrhbj sau jarm spuhm juo ar putma
jmf jarm dajm uh fujru sĊ-f dajĊ oab kbhm. Fauga b sm juvbhm juvbhm jmfub jm sm adfĊ èh armhĊ, a jĊrub daŪĊ m hĊjfĊbtĊ gm
prad, sëhnm Ŝb s uglarm 0 jm fub jm sm f uptĊ ju o uft j urac0 jmfub jarm gĊ nrmŜ bar Ŝb b ar, p mhtru jĊ hu m xbstĊ mdlrt dĊrĊ
nrmŜmafĊ
nrmŜmafĊ Ŝb hmacuhsurb0
hmacuhsurb0 jmfub jm sm strĊgubmŜtm
strĊgubmŜtm sĊ èhdĊptubasjĊ
èhdĊptubasjĊ tlt jm trmkubm èhdĊptubt0
èhdĊptubt0 jmfub jm juhlaŜtm
mhtuzbasouf Ŝb gmvltaomhtuf Ŝb jarm sm gĊrubmŜtm uhmb jauzm gmohm gm faugĊ0 jmfub jarm, èh jmfm gbh uroĊ,
juhlaŜtm, èh jmf oab kuh jaz, trbuoduf uhmb oĊrmŪm rmafbzĊrb, bar èh jmf oab rĊu jaz, gajĊ gĊ nrmŜ, oĊjar nrmŜmŜtm
glvmgbhg uh jurac dĊrĊ fbobtm... "
Yrboa g atĊ jëh g ao jbt bt ajmst m rëhgur b, ob- ao spus3 Asta èhs maohĊ s Ċ dbb v ufhmrakbf . Wlt jm-ao è hvĊŪat è h jmb zmjm ahb ( Ŝb
oab kbhm) gm jëhg stugbmz vufhmrakbfbtatma o-a jlhgus fa ajmmaŜb jlhjfuzbm. Tufhmrakbfbtatma
Tufhmrakbfbtatma hu èhsmaohĊ glar sĊ juhlŜtb
vbjtlrba sau èhdrëhnmrma, jb sĊ èhŪmfmnb jĊ aokmfm suht hmjmsarm0
hmjmsarm0 èhsmaohĊ sĊ tm bopfbjb ju tlatĊ dbbhŪa ta èh jmma jm dajb.
14
Tufhmrakbfbtatma hu èhsmaohĊ sfĊkbjbuhm, bar hmsbnurahŪa, rbsjuf Ŝb mxpuhmrma molŪblhafĊ ju jarm hm jlhdruhtĊo zb gm zb suht
bhmvbtakbfm. Zbhnura hlastrĊ lpŪbuhm mstm sĊ hm bopfbjĊo ju agmvĊrat èh jmma jm dajmo. Gbsplhbkbfbtatma gm a hm asuoa Ŝb a
èhŪmfmnm prlprba vufhmrakbfbtatm gmtmrobhĊ prlduhzboma juracufub Ŝb jfarbtatma lkbmjtbvufub pm jarm hb-f prlpuhmo. Bar nraguf
èh jarm hm dmrbo gm vufhmrakbfbtatm mstm l oĊsurĊ a drbjbb Ŝb a èhstrĊbhĊrbb hlastrm.
]hbb laomhb aŜtmaptĊ fa hmsdërŜbt sĊ dbm pmrdmjŪb sau bhvufhmrakbfb, Ŝb akba aplb bhtrĊ èh armhĊ. èhsĊ ajmŜtba sajrbdbjĊ rmfaŪbb Ŝb
lplrtuhbtĊŪb jarm hu fb sm vlr ldmrb a glua larĊ, pbmrg tbop prmŪbls Ŝb hu-Ŝb gmzvlftĊ prlprbbfm tafmhtm ‗ ajmfm garurb pm jarm
glar mb plt sĊ fm ldmrm jmflrfafŪb.
M tmhtaht sĊ dbb
dbb pmrdmjt Ŝb
Ŝb bhvufhmrakbf,
bhvufhmrakbf, èhsĊ astdmf gm mxpmrbmhŪm hu suht spmjbdbjm loufub. Wrmkubm sĊ bhtrĊo èh armhĊ ‗
bhgbdmrmht
bhgbdmrmht gajĊ m vlrka gm l hluĊ rmfaŪbm, l èhtëfhbrm boplrtaht boplrtahtĊ,
Ċ, l jrmaŪbm
jrmaŪbm gm a hlastrĊ sau l gbsjuŪbm
gbsjuŪbm gbdbjbfĊ ju uh aft
omokru af daobfbmb ‗ ju ouft jurac Ŝb ahboaŪb gm glrbhŪa gm a hm bopfbja èh olg rmaf. èh flj sĊ stĊo pm oarnbhm, sĊ
cugmjĊ o Ŝb sĊ èopĊrŪbo sdaturb , trmkubm sĊ èhgrĊzhbo sĊ hm arĊtĊo Ŝb sĊ hm fĊsĊo vĊzuŪb gm jmbfafŪb. Asta èhsmaohĊ sĊ dbb
vufhmrakbf. Asta èhsmaohĊ sĊ
èhsmaohĊ sĊ ab uh jurac dĊrĊ fbobtm.
Jartma gm daŪĊ mstm l bhvbtaŪbm agrmsatĊ jbtbtlrufub gm a oĊ èhslŪb èh èhjmrjarma gm a rĊspuhgm fa uroĊtlarmfm èhtrmkĊrb3
• Ju jm sm erĊhmŜtm drbja hlastrĊ
hlastrĊ gm a db vufhmrakbfb<
vufhmrakbfb<
• Juo hm prltmcĊo gm prlprba
prlprba vufhmrakbfbtatm<
• Jarm m prmŪuf pm jarm-f pfĊtbo, atuhjb jëhg hm èhjebgmo èh hlb èhŜbhm Ŝb hm èhstrĊbhĊo<
• Juo sĊ hm asuoĊo Ŝb sĊ èhŪmfmnmo vufhmrakbfbtatma èh aŜa dmf, èhjët sĊ sjebokĊo
sjebokĊo gmlpltrbvĊ
olguf gm a trĊb Ŝb bukb, Ŝb rmfaŪba ju jlpbbb sau ahnacaŪbb hlŜtrb<
BHW[LG]JM[M Avmhturbfm omfm èh armhĊ

AO Y[BTBW-L ÈH LJEB ŘB B-AO ZY]Z3
‗ Hu supl rt sĊ dbu vu fhmrak bfĊ.
OĊ nëhgmao jĊ, èh tlatĊ jarbmra mb gm psbelfln,
psbelfln, sbnur èhtëfhbsm
èhtëfhbsm jazurb oab gbdbjbfm gmjët af omu. èh pfus,
pfus, ju jët adfa oab
jurëhg jarm mra prlkfmoa, ju atët oab rmpmgm ao db nĊsbt èoprmuhĊ l rmzlfvarm.
‗ Hu s uplrt bhjmrtb tugbhma . Hu suplrt sĊ hu Ŝtbu tltuf gmsprm fujrur bfm ju jarm oĊ ljup. Hu s uplrt sĊ oĊ mxpuh rbsjufu b
gm a db rĊhbtĊ sau gmzaoĊnbtĊ. M nrlazhbj. Tufhmrakbfbtatma m jmva jlopfbjat. Řb bhsuplrtakbf. èhŪmfmnb jm vrmau sĊ spuh<
Gbaha a gat gbh jap adbroatbv3
‗ Ga, Ŝt bu jm èhsmaoh Ċ sĊ dbb vu fhmrak bf. Ř tbu mx ajt gm sprm jm vlr kmŜtb. M l st arm è hjëhtĊ tlarm .
Aplb, a prbvbt èh sus Ŝb a sjebŪat uh zëokmt, ja Ŝb juo s-ar db nëhgbt fa jmva dlartm druols. Zuht sbnurĊ j-ao avut l mxprmsbm
gm jlhduzbm ‗ hu putmao sĊ-ob boanbhmz fa jm ahuom sm nëhgma. [majŪba mb hu ob s-a pĊrut èh rmnufĊ. Juo putma ma sĊ oĊ
oab acutm<
‗ Ao spus jĊ m stm stm bhsuplrtakbfĊ, hu
bhsuplrtakbfĊ, hu èhjëhtĊtlarm, b-ao atras atmhŪba. H-aŜ db acuhs abjb, sĊ gbsjut
ju tbhm, gajĊ stugbbfm omfm
hu ob-ar db arĊtat jĊ mxbstĊ l fmnĊturĊ èhtrm vufhmrakbfbtatm Ŝb a-Ūb trĊb vbaŪa gbh pfbh. èhsĊ mu hu suplrt sĊ dbu vufhmrakbfĊ.
‗ Juo tm sboŪb j ëhg mŜ tb vuf hmrakbf Ċ<
‗ OĊ sbo t dla rtm an btatĊ. Trmau sĊ puh tlt uf èh l rgbhm, sĊ èhgr mpt fu jrurbf m.
‗ Řb ga jĊ hu plŪb da jm a sta<
‗ Atuhjb , èob vbhm sĊ -b tr an ju bva uh puoh èh daŪĊ!
‗ Řb da jb a sta<
‗ Hu, kbhmèhŪm fms jĊ hu.
‗ Jm da jb, è h sjeb ok<
‗ Daj jurĊŪm hbm. OĊhëhj uht gm a raebgm . èb jrbtbj pm jmbfafŪ b, è hjmrj sĊ d aj tltuf pmrdm jt. ZĊ jlhtr lfmz jm oab plt jlhtrlf a
‗ uhgm sm oab platm bhtmrv mhb.
‗ Jëhg s boŪb jĊ mŜtb j mf oab vufhmr akbfĊ<
‗ Jëhg ob -m dr bjĊ.
O-ao ubtat fa Gbaha, jët a dĊjut l pauzĊ mhmrvahtĊ, gëhg gbh jap aprlkatlr, aŜa juo daj psbelflnbb jëhg vlr sĊ tm tranĊ gm
fbokĊ, gupĊ jarm ao jlhtbhuat3
‗ OĊ sbo t vufh mrakbf Ċ jë hg suh t èhn rbclra tĊ Ŝb hmsbnur Ċ gm olguf èh ja rm va mvlfua l sbtua Ūbm, sau jëhg plrt l jlh vmrsaŪ bm
jlopfbjatĊ, sau jëhg èhjmrj fujrurb hlb, sau jëhg daj jmva jm-ob prlgujm gbsjlhdlrt sau oĊ mxpuhm jrbtbjbflr sau
mvafuĊrbflr.
Gbaha a dĊjut èhjĊ l pauzĊ mhmrvahtĊ, èh tbop jm aprlka gbh jap a èhŪmfmnmrm3
‗ Jëhg oĊ n ëhgmsj fa j ët gm ouft èob bukmsj jlpbbb Ŝb pm Ztmvm , Ŝb juo vbaŪa oma s-ar sdërŜb , g ajĊ fb s- ar èhtëopf a j mva.
Jëhg vĊg jĊ laomhbb granb obm au nrmutĊŪb, bar mu hu plt sĊ-b acut. Jëhg tlt jm plt sĊ daj mstm sĊ dbu afĊturb gm mb.
‗ èhŪmfm n.
‗ OĊ sbot vufhmra kbfĊ atuhjb jëhg suht èhnrbcl ratĊ jĊ fujrur bfm omrn prma kbhm.
prma kbhm. Zau, gbopltrbvĊ, jëhg omrn prma prlst.
Jebar aŜ vrma ja vufhmrakbfbtatma sĊ ob sm parĊ èhjëhtĊtlarm,
ATMHW][BFM OMFM BH A[MHA 12

gar gmljaogatĊ, pmhtru obhm, mstm bhsuplrtakbfĊ. A rmuŜbt sĊ sjebokm jbhmva jmva, èh prbvbhŪa asta<
‗ Ga, jrmg jĊ uh bb rmu Ŝmsj.
‗ Ab put ma sĊ -ob ga b l tm oĊ pm htru a jasĊ , lrb jmva asmoĊh Ċtlr< Ar trmkub sĊ-ob rmvĊg stugbbfm <
‗ Hu-b hmvlbm gm tmom pmhtru ajasĊ , hbjb gm rmvĊz ut stugbb. H-l sĊ-Ūb gau prlbmj tm, hu-Ūb gau jafbd bjatbvm . Ta tr mkub sĊ
nëhgmŜtb oab puŪbh Ŝb sĊ sboŪb oab ouft.
‗ Ylt sĊ acuhn sĊ trĊ bmsj Ŝb mu aj ma sta rm èhj ëhtĊtl arm, dĊrĊ sĊ tr mkubasj Ċ sĊ oĊ sbot dlartm vufhmra kbfĊ, pm par jurs<
‗ Hu.
‗ Dbr-ar sĊ db m!... Jm vrm ourb ob huhatm oĊ aŜ tmaptĊ !
GajĊ hu oĊ juhlŜtb gbh jmfmfaftm jĊrŪb pm jarm fm-ao sjrbs, gm pm kfln sau gbh jlhdmrbhŪmfm WMG ‗ jarm au gmvmhbt vbrafm èh
omgbuf
omgbuf lhfbhm ‗
lhfbhm ‗ èŪb vlb spuhm jëtmva fujrurb
fujrurb gmsprm obhm, ja sĊ-Ūb dajb l bgmm. Ym gm aftĊ partm, gajĊ daptuf jĊ ao vlrkbt
gmsprm uh psbeltmrapmut tm-a dĊjut gmca sĊ tm sboŪb bhjlhdlrtakbf, plŪb sĊ sarb pmstm ajmst japbtlf Ŝb sĊ omrnb gbrmjt fa ahmxa
èh jarm mstm vlrka gmsprm jmrjmtĊrbfm omfm. Ob-ao pmtrmjut
pmtrmjut èhtrmana vbaŪĊ èhjmrjëhg sĊ-ob gmpĊŜmsj sau sĊ-ob pĊjĊfmsj
pĊjĊfmsj
vufhmrakbfbtatma. Daj partm gbhtr-a jbhjma nmhmraŪbm a uhmb daobfbb gm tmxahb, a jĊrmb gmvbzĊ mstm3 ‘Ztrëhnm gbh gbhŪb Ŝb omrnb
oab gmpartm . BatĊ gm uhgm ao olŜtmhbt mu avmrsbuhma daŪĊ gm bhjmrtbtugbhm Ŝb mxpuhmrma molŪblhafĊ ‗ aprlapm jĊ m jmva
nmhmtbj. Ao èhjmput sĊ-ob gmzvlft Ŝb sĊ-ob pmrdmjŪblhmz akbfbtĊŪbfm gm mvbtarm a vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb èh nbohazbu ‗ pmrblaga èh
jarm oab-tlatĊ fuoma èhjmpm sĊ sm jlhdruhtm ju prlprba vufhmrakbfbtatm.
èh tbop, fm-ao èhjmrjat
èhjmrjat pm tlatm, gm fa rlfuf gm ‘datĊ kuhĊ", jarm dajm tltuf pmrdmjt, pëhĊ fa jmf gm plmtmsĊ jarm duomazĊ
ŪbnĊrb ju jubŜlarm, gm ajtbvbstĊ durblasĊ, gm jlrplratbstĊ jarbmrbstĊ Ŝb pmtrmjĊrmaŪĊ sjĊpatĊ gm suk jlhtrlf. Fa prboa vmgmrm,
tlatm ajmstma par a db mtapm hlroafm, gajĊ hu jebar prmvbzbkbfm,
èh gmzvlftarma jubva, gar pmhtru obhm, mfm au èhsmohat oab ouft gmjët atët. Wlatm stagbbfm gmzvlftĊrbb omfm au dlst arourb
gbdmrbtm, jarm o-au acutat sĊ hu oĊ bopfbj prma ouft Ŝb sĊ hu gmvbh prma vufhmrakbfĊ. Dbmjarm stratmnbm avma fa kazĊ ajmmaŜb
prmobsĊ 3 ūbhm-b fa gbstahŪĊ pm jmbfafŪb Ŝb dbb omrmu prmnĊtbtĊ sĊ faŜb tltuf èh uroĊ.
Ym fëhnĊ drbja gm vufhmrakbfb
vufhmrakbfbtatm,
tatm, ao oab olŜtmhbt gm fa ab omb nmhmrlzbtatma
nmhmrlzbtatma Ŝb mopatba.
mopatba. BatĊ gm jm, pm fa ;> gm ahb, ao
rmhuhŪat fa uh plst gm jlhgujmrm fa AW&W, ob-ao fuat l sfuckĊ gm jemfhmrbŪĊ Ŝb o-ao pus gbh hlu pm èhvĊŪat, ja sĊ gmvbh
asbstmht sljbaf. H-l sĊ ubt hbjblgatĊ jm ob-a spus Ŝmda oma gm fa AW&W jëhg o-ao gus fa ma ju gmobsba3 ‘GĊ-ob vlbm sĊ
nebjmsj. Trmb sĊ tm dajb a sbstmhtĊ sljbafĊ sau prmzmhtatlarm fa OWT,OWT, fa ‘Emagkahnmr's Kaff"*<"
11
Ja ouftlr aftlra atraŜb gm glomhbuf asbstmhŪmb sljbafm, ob-a pfĊjut bgmma gm a ‘rmpara laomhbb Ŝb bhstbtuŪbbfm. èhsĊ, gupĊ jm
ao tmrobhat dajuftatma Ŝb oastmratuf, ob-ao gat smaoa jĊ ouhja gm asbstmht sljbaf hu èhsmaohĊ sĊ ‘rmparb" jmva. èhsmaohĊ
sĊ èhŪmfmnb jlhtmxtuf Ŝb sĊ ajjmpŪb prlvljĊrbfm, èhsmaohĊ sĊ èhdruhŪb gbsjlhdlrtuf aokbnubtĊŪbb Ŝb af bhjmrtbtugbhbb Ŝb sĊ dbb
omrmu mopatbj ju jmbfafŪb, astdmf èhjët ajmŜtba sĊ sm platĊ mxprboa ju agmvĊrat. èhtr-uh juvëht3 Jlopfbjat.
èh tbop jm oĊ strĊgubao sĊ nĊsmsj uh rĊspuhs fa èhtrmkarma ‘Jm èhsmaohĊ sĊ dbb asbstmht sljbaf<", ao gat pmstm l adbroaŪbm
surprbhzĊtlarm dĊjutĊ gm uhuf gbhtrm prldmslrbb omb gm statbstbjĊ3 ‘Jm hu platm db oĊsurat, hu mxbstĊ". Yrldmslruf spuhma jĊ,
sprm gmlsmkbrm gm aftm oatmrbb pm jarm fm stugbmo, statbstbja èhsmaohĊ prmgbjŪbm Ŝb jlhtrlf asupra varbakbfmflr. Ao avut uh dmf
gm rmvmfaŪbm, èh
ajmf olomht. AgbjĊ, èh flj sĊ dbu mopatbjĊ Ŝb sĊ èhdr uht gbsjlhdlrtuf aokbnubtĊŪbb Ŝb af bhjmrtbtugbhbb,
* Wbtfuf uhmb mobsbuhb gmgbjatm ouzbjbb emavy omtaF (h. trag.)
ATMHW][BFM OMFM È H A[MHċ ;1

putmao sĊ-ob pmtrmj tbopuf dĊjëh g prmg bjŪbb Ŝb oĊs urĊtlr b< èob nĊsbsmo jemoar ma.
Jmf oab boplrtaht fujru pm jarm f-ao èhŪmfms gbh stugbbfm omfm èh glomhbuf asbstmhŪmb sljbafm (èh dajuftatm, fa oastmrat Ŝb
aplb fa gljtlrat) mstm jĊ hmvlba uhmb fmnĊturb prlduhgm ju jmbfafŪb hm oltbvmazĊ. Zuhtmo prlnraoaŪb sĊ stakbfbo fmnĊturb ju
jmbfafŪb ‗ asta gĊ sjlp Ŝb smhs vbmŪbflr hlastrm, bar boplsbkbfbtatma gm a l dajm jlhgujm fa sudmrbhŪĊ. BatĊ gm jm ob-ao prlpus
sĊ stugbmz ‘ahatloba* hmvlbb hlastrm gm a rmfaŪblha.
Ztugbmrma hmvlbb gm a rmfaŪblha pĊrma l bgmm sbopfĊ, fa èhjmput. Jurëhg, sjlpuf jmrjmtĊrbb ob-a dlst gmturhat gm partbjbpahŪbb
fa jmrjmtarm, jarm, gm dbmjarm gatĊ jëhg fm jmrmao sĊ-ob gmsjrbm rmfaŪbbfm flr jmfm oab boplrtahtm Ŝb dmfuf èh jarm duhjŪblhau,
èob vlrkmau gmsprm gurmrbfm flr sudfmtmŜtb, gmsprm trĊgĊrb Ŝb ruŜbhm ‗ gmsprm drbja gm a hu db gmohb gm fmnĊturb autmhtbjm.
Laomhbb au tmhgbhŪa sĊ gmdbhmasjĊ uh fujru prbh jmma jm hu m. Bar asta-b agmvĊrat oab afms èh prbvbhŪa mxpmrbmhŪmflr hlastrm
molŪblhafm.
DĊrĊ sĊ-ob db prlpus, tmomfm omfm gm jmrjmtarm au gmvmhbt ruŜbhma Ŝb mopatba. Ob-ao pmtrmjut Ŝasm ahb, gmzvlftëhg l tmlrbm
jarm mxpfbjĊ jm mstm ruŜbhma, jarm suht omjahbsomfm mb gm ajŪbuhm Ŝb juo dajmo daŪĊ jlhvbhnmrbb jĊ hu suhtmo sudbjbmht gm
vaflrlŜb, ja pmrslahm ‗ jĊ hu omrbtĊo sĊ dbo bukbŪb Ŝb ajjmptaŪb gm jmbfafŪb. èh ahuf ;994, ob-ao gat smaoa jĊ hu putmao
èhŪmfmnm ruŜbhma, dĊrĊ sĊ stugbmz rmvmrsuf mb3 jm au èh jlouh pmrslahmfm rmzbfbmhtm fa ruŜbhm, jarm jrmg èh vaflarma flr
uomsj laomhb jarm trĊbmsj gbh pfbh.
pmrslha fĊ< M u èb h uomsj laomhb
Zpmrao gbh tlt sudfmtuf ja rĊspuhsuf fa ajmastĊ èhtrmkarm sĊ dbm uroĊtlruf3 ‘Zuht jmrjmtĊtlrb Ŝb stugbazĊ ruŜbhma. Ymhtru a
trĊb gbh pfbh, trmkubm sĊ Ŝtbb l
Ŝtbb l oufŪbom gm fujrurb gmsprm ruŜbhm." Gar oĊ èhŜmfao. èhŪmfmnmrma ruŜbhbb m huoab uha gbhtrm
varbakbfmfm jarm jlhtrbkubm fa l vbaŪĊ trĊbtĊ gbh pfbh ‗ mstm uh olg
;;
gm a èhŪmfmnm fuoma, jm arm fa kazĊ smhtbomhtuf prlprbmb vaflrb, èh jartma Garurbfm bopmrdmjŪbuhbb, ao gmdbhbt zmjm ‘prbhjbpbb"
afm vbmŪbb trĊbtm gbh pfbh, jarm hm aratĊ jm m gm dĊjut Ŝb fa jm trmkubm sĊ rmhuhŪĊo, pmhtru a gujm l astdmf gm vbaŪĊ.
1. GmzvlftĊ-Ūb autmhtbjbtatma3 hu tm oab oab nëhgb omrmu fa jm spuh jmbfafŪb.
;. GmzvlftĊ-Ūb jlopasbuhma daŪĊ gm tbhm èhsuŪb3 rmhuhŪĊ fa pmrdmjŪblhbso.
:. GmzvlftĊ-Ūb rmzbgmhŪa3 jlokatm-Ūb apatba Ŝb smhtbomhtuf gm hmputbhŪĊ.
7. GmzvlftĊ-Ūb smhtbomhtm gm gm rmjuhlŜtbhŪĊ Ŝb kujurbm3 fuptĊ ju drbjbfm hmèhtmombatm
hmèhtmombatm Ŝb hu tm oab
nëhgb fa jm-Ūb fbpsmŜtm.
=. GmzvlftĊ-Ūb bhtubŪba Ŝb èhjrmgmrma èh tbhm Ŝb èh jmbfafŪb3 rmhuhŪĊ fa fa hmvlba gm jmrtbtugbhm.
4. GmzvlftĊ-Ūb jrmatbvbtatma3 hu tm tm oab jlopara ju afŪbb
afŪbb tlt tbopuf.
tbopuf.
>. GmgbjĊ oab ouft tbop cljufub
cljufub Ŝb lgbehmb3 hu oab dajm gbh mpubzarm l oarjĊ a statutufub tĊu Ŝb
hu-Ūb oab gmdbhb smhtbomhtuf gm vaflarm prbh prbsoa rmzuftatmflr ouhjbb.
5. GmzvlftĊ-Ūb l starm gm gm jafo Ŝb gm fbhbŜtm3
fbhbŜtm3 rmhuhŪĊ fa ahxbmtatm
ahxbmtatm ja stbf gm vbaŪĊ.
2. GmgbjĊ-tm ouhjbb jarm arm smhs pmhtru tbhm3 hu tm tm oab èhglb gm prlprba pmrslahĊ Ŝb hu èhjmrja
omrmu sĊ tm jlhdlromzb aŜtmptĊrbflr jmflrfafŪb.
19. Hu ubta sĊ rëzb, sĊ sĊ jëhŪb Ŝb sĊ gahsmzb3 hu oab èhjmrja sĊ parb ‘tarm"Ŝb stĊpëh pm sbtuaŪbm tlt tbopuf.
Ym oĊsurĊ jm ahafbzao gatmfm, ob-ao gat smaoa jĊ uroao huoab gluĊ gbhtrm jmfm zmjm prbhjbpbb afm uhmb vbmŪb trĊbtm gbh
pfbh. Jlhjfuz ba a dlst gmvast atlarm . Asta sm èht ëopfa ju jë tmva sĊptĊoë hb èha bhtm sĊ èo pfbhmsj 71 gm ahb Ŝ b ob- a pr lgus uh
gurmrls olomht gm jlhŜtbmhtbzarm a olgufub èh jarm-ob gujmao vbaŪa. BatĊ, aŜagar, jĊ èhŪmfmnmrma raŪblhafĊ a ajmstlr
jemstbuhb hu mstm ajmfaŜb fujru ju a trĊb Ŝb a bukb gbh pfbh.
ATMHW][BFM OMFM È H A[MHċ ;:

Ao sjrbs dlartm ouft, èh Garurbfm bopmrdmjŪbuhbb, gmsprm jm èhsmaohĊ sĊ trĊbmŜtb gbh pfbh Ŝb gmsprm trmzbrma spbrbtuafĊ hĊsjutĊ
gbh jlhŜtbmhtbzarma olgufub omu gm a db. èhsĊ, èh jlhtbhuarm, vlb èhjmrja sĊ gmdbhmsj jm èhsmaohĊ ‘l vbaŪĊ trĊbtĊ gbh pfbh",
prmjuo Ŝb jmfm jbhjb bgmb jmfm oab boplrta htm, jarm sm gmsprb hg gbh jmrjm tĊrbfm omfm Ŝb jarm o-au jlhgus fa gmsjlp mrbrbfm
gmsprm jarm vlb vlrkb èh jartma gm daŪĊ. Astdmf, èŪb vmb dajm l bgmm gmsprm jmma jm uromazĊ.
A trĊb gbh pfbh èhsmaohĊ sĊ tm bopfbjb èh vbaŪa ta, dbbhg jlhŜtbmht gm prlprba vaflarm. èhsmaohĊ sĊ juftbvb juracuf,
jlopasbuhma Ŝb fmnĊturbfm prlduhgm ju jmbfafŪb, astdmf èhjët sĊ-Ūb spub gbobhmaŪa, jëhg tm trmzmŜtb3 ‘Lrbjm vlb rmuŜb sĊ daj Ŝb
lrbjët gm ouftm fujrurb èob vlr rĊoëhm gm dĊjut, mu èhsuob suht gm acuhs". èhsmaohĊ, tltlgatĊ, sĊ plŪb sĊ-Ūb spub hlaptma,
jëhg omrnb fa jufjarm3 ‘Ga, suht bopmrdmjt Ŝb vufhmrakbf, Ŝb uhmlrb oĊ tmo, gar asta hu sjebokĊ ju hbobj agmvĊruf daptufub
jĊ suht, gm asmomhma, juracls Ŝb gmoh sĊ dbu bukbt Ŝb ajjmptat gm jmbfafŪb".
b
AjmastĊ gmdbhbŪbm sm kazmazĊ pm uroĊtlarmfm bgmafurb duhgaomhtafm3
1. Bukbrma
Bukbrma Ŝb smhtbomhtuf
smhtbomhtuf gm apartmhmhŪ
apartmhmhŪĊĊ suht hmvlb duhgaomh
duhgaomhtafm
tafm pmhtru
pmhtru tlŪb laomhbb
laomhbb ‗ kĊrkaŪb,
kĊrkaŪb, dmomb, Ŝb jlpbb.
jlpbb. Hmvlba
Hmvlba
gm a stakbfb fmnĊturb prlduhgm m èhsjrbsĊ èh tbparmfm hlastrm kblflnbjm Ŝb gĊ smhs Ŝb sjlp vbmŪbflr hlastrm. Fbpsa bukbrbb,
a smhtbomhtufub gm apartmhmhŪĊ Ŝb a fmnĊturbflr uoahm guj fa sudmrbhŪĊ.
;. GajĊ ar db sĊ-b èopart pm tlŪb jmb pm jarm b-ao bhtmrvbmvat
bhtmrvbmvat èh gluĊ nrupurb ‗ jmb jarm trĊbmsj uh
smhtbomht prlduhg gm apartmhmhŪĊ Ŝb gm bukbrm Ŝb jmb jarm glar sm strĊgubmsj sĊ fm lkŪbhĊ ‗, l sbhnurĊ varbakbfĊ èb
gbdmrmhŪbazĊ. Jmb jarm sm sbot bukbŪb, bukmsj fa rëhguf flr Ŝb trĊbmsj uh
smhtbomht gm apartmhmhŪĊ jlhsbgmrĊ, pur Ŝb sbopfu, jĊ suht gmohb
suht gmohb gm
gm a db bukbŪb Ŝb ajjmptaŪb gm jmbfafŪb. Hu au l vbaŪĊ
oab kuhĊ
;7
sau oab uŜlarĊ, sm jlhdruhtĊ fa dmf gm gms ju gmpmhgmhŪa sau gmprmsba Ŝb au trmjut prbh tlt atëtma trauom, gbvlrŪurb Ŝb
dafbomhtm. Řb tltuŜb, èh obcfljuf tuturlr ajmstlr èhjmrjĊrb afm vbmŪbb, mb au glkëhgbt lkbjmburb jarm-b acutĊ sĊ-Ŝb omhŪbhĊ
jlhvbhnmrma jĊ suht, èh lrbjm olomht gmohb gm a db bukbŪb, ajjmptaŪb Ŝb jebar dmrbjbŪb.
:. èhjrmgmrma putmrhbjĊ èh prlprba vaflarm hu mstm jmva jm sm glkëhgmŜtm pmstm hlaptm ‗ ma sm
gmzvlftĊ, jëhg laomhbb èhŪmfmn jĊ prbhjbpbbfm uhmb vbmŪb trĊbtm gbh pfbh suht lpŪbuhb Ŝb lkbjmburb zbfhbjm.
7. Yrbhjbpafa prmljuparm a laomhbflr jarm-Ŝb trĊbmsj vbaŪa gbh pfbh
pfbh mstm sĊ sm fasm jlhguŜb gm jurac,
gm jlopasbuhm Ŝb gm hmvlba uhlr fmnĊturb uoahm.
=. Jmf jarm trĊbmŜtm gbh pfbh vmgm èh vufhmrakbfbtatm uh jatafbzatlr af juracufub, jlopasbuhbb Ŝb
hmvlbb
hmvlbb uhmb fmnĊturb
fmnĊturb prlduhgm. Jmrt m jĊ, gbh jmrjmtĊrbfm
jmrjmtĊrbfm omfm a rmbmŜbt
rmbmŜbt jĊ gbsplzbŪba
gbsplzbŪba gm a db vufhmrakbf
vufhmrakbf mstm jma oab
boplrtahtĊ vaflarm pm jarm l au èh jlouh tlŪb laomhbb jarm èŜb trĊbmsj vbaŪa gbh pfbh. AjmŜtba èb atrbkubm japajbtĊŪbb gm a
db vufhmrakbfb tlatm rmafbzĊrbfm flr ‗ gm fa sujjmsuf prldmsblhaf Ŝb jĊshbjba dmrbjbtĊ, pëhĊ fa jmfm oab druolasm olomhtm
gbh rmfaŪba ju jlpbbb.
Ao oab sjrbs gmsprm vufhmrakbfbtatm èh prbomfm omfm jĊrŪb0 gm dapt, jebar Ŝb èh tmza oma gm gljtlrat mxbstĊ uh japbtlf gmgbjat
vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb. èhjĊ gm fa èhjmputuf jmrjmtĊrbflr omfm, ao tlt vlrkbt gmsprm boplrtahŪa ajjmptĊrbb prlprbmb vufhmrakbfbtĊŪb.
Ao èhŪmfms, gm asmomhma, jĊ mxbstĊ l fmnĊturĊ èhtrm vufhmrakbfbtatm Ŝb jmfmfaftm molŪbb pm jarm fm-ao stugbat. Gar, èh jĊrŪbfm
ahtmrblarm, ao prmsupus jĊ rmfaŪba gbhtrm vufhmrakbfbtatm Ŝb gbdmrbtmfm jlhstrujtm prmjuo ruŜbhma, apartmhmhŪa Ŝb smhtbomhtuf
prlprb mb va flrb m oa b gm nrakĊ èhtëopf Ċtlarm . Akba gupĊ glbsprm zmjm ahb gm jmrjm tĊrb aprld uhgatm , a o acu hs sĊ èhŪmfmn rlfuf
pm jarm ajma sta èf clajĊ èh vbmŪbfm hlastr m. Tufhmrakb fbtatma mstm jmhtr uf, bhboa, mstm obmzuf èhsuŜb af mxpmr bmhŪmf lr uoahm
jmfm oab boplrtahtm.
ATMHW][BFM OMFM ÈH A[MHċ

;=
GatlrbtĊ ajmstmb hlb bhdlroaŪbb, o-ao jlhdruhtat ju l gbfmoĊ gm aopflarm. Ym gm-l partm, juo aŜ putma sĊ vlrkmsj gmsprm
boplrtahŪa vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb ju lhmstbtatm Ŝb jrmgbkbfbtatm, dĊrĊ sĊ dbu mu èhsĊob vufhmrakbfĊ< Ym gm aftĊ partm, juo aŜ putma sĊ
dbu vufhmrakbfĊ, dĊrĊ sĊ-ob sajrbdbj autlrbtatma gm jmrjmtĊtlr< Ja sĊ dbu sbhjmrĊ, jrmg jĊ, èh jazuf jmrjmtĊtlrbflr Ŝb af
prldms lrbflr uhbvmrs btarb, gbsplhb kbfbtatm a molŪbl hafĊ mstm uh gmjfa hŜatlr af ruŜbhbb. èhjĊ gm fa èhjmput uf prmnĊtb rbb
ajagmobjm, suhtmo èhvĊŪaŪb jĊ atbtugbhma gbstahtĊ, bhajjmsbkbfĊ, jlhtrbkubm fa prmstbnbuf prldmsblhaf, bar, gajĊ mŜtb prma
jlrgbaf, jmb gbh cur sm vlr èhglb gm jlopmtmhŪa ta.
GajĊ a db huob t ‘pmga ht" mstm l bhsu ftĊ èh jbrjuostah Ūm lkbŜh ubtm, èh turhuf gm dbfgmŜ af Ŝtb bhŪmb, suhtmo èhvĊŪaŪb sĊ purt Ċo
mtbjemta gm pmgahŪb ja pm l arourĊ3 Juo sĊ rbsj sĊ gmvbh ju agmvĊrat vufhmrakbfĊ Ŝb sĊ fm plvmstmsj jmflrfafŪb gmsprm
mvlfuŪba oma jlopfbjatĊ, gm-a fuhnuf jmrjmtĊrbflr dĊjutm, dĊrĊ sĊ par l pmrslahĊ jarm hu prmzbhtĊ èhjrmgmrm<èhjrmgmrm< Jm s-ar afmnm
gm aroura oma prldmsblhafĊ<
Olomhtuf èh jarm ao gmolhstrat uh ‘jurac dĊrĊ fbobtm", aŜa juo èhgmoha Wmggy [llsmvmft oab gmouft, a vmhbt èh buhbm
;919, jëhg ao dlst bhvbtatĊ sĊ vlrkmsj fa WMGx Elustlh, uhuf gbhtrm huomrlasmfm mvmhbomhtm lrnahbzatm bhgmpmhgmht,
gupĊ olgmfuf WMG. Ajmstma gbh uroĊ suht l smrbm gm jlhdmrbhŪm nflkafm, lrnahbzatm gm l asljbaŪbm aomrbjahĊ hlh-prldbt,
gmgbjatĊ ‘bgmbflr jarm omrbtĊ rĊspëhgbtm" gbh glomhbbfm tmehlflnbmb, gbvmrtbsomhtufub Ŝb gmsbnh-uebb. Lrnahbzatlrbb
gmsbnh-uebb. Lrnahbzatlrbb WMG Ŝb
WMGx èb aguhĊ falfaftĊ pm ‘jmb oab bhtmrmsahŪb nëhgbtlrb Ŝb laomhb gm ajŪbuhm gbh èhtrmana fuom" Ŝb-b prlvlajĊ sĊ-Ŝb
prmzbh tm bgm bfm èh lptsprm zmjm obhutm sau oa b puŪbh.
Gbrmjtlrbb gm fa WMGx Elustlh hu smaoĊhĊ ju hbjb uhuf gbhtrm lrnahbzatlrbb gm mvmhbomhtm pm jarm-b juhlsj. Bhvbtëhg uh
jmrjmtĊtlr jarm stugbazĊ ruŜbhma Ŝb vufhmrakbfbtatma, oaclrbtatma lrnahbzatlrbflr ar db puŪbh èhnrbclraŪb Ŝb jëŪbva ar èhjmrja,
;4
platm, sĊ stakbfm asjĊ ahuobtm fbobtm èh p rbvbhŪa jlhŪbhu tufub prmfmn mrbb. Jëhg b-ao èhtrmk at pm jmb gm fa WMGx gmsprm jm ar
vrma sĊ vlrkmsj, ob-au rĊspuhs3 ‘Hm pfajm tlt jm dajb. TlrkmŜtm gmsprm jmma jm tm pasblhmazĊ, gmsprm fujrurbfm jarm tm-au
dĊjut jmfmkrĊ. Zuhtmo kujurlŜb jĊ hm putmo pmtrmjm tbopuf afĊturb gm tbhm." Hu plt sĊ-ob gau smaoa juo a dlst fuatĊ
gmjbzba sĊ dbu fĊsatĊ sĊ vlrkmsj gmsprm jmma jm oĊ dĊjusm jmfmkrĊ. Hbjb hu Ŝtbao, èhabhtma prmfmnmrbb, j-aŜ db jmfmkrĊ pmhtru
jmfmkrĊ pmhtru
jmva ahuom.
Ob-a pfĊjut dlartm ouft jĊ ao avut fbkmrtatm tltafĊ gm mxprboarm, gar, èh ajmfaŜb tbop, ob-a dlst bhjrmgbkbf gm nrmu. Gbh hlu,
o-ao trmzbt jĊ mzbtao èhtrm èhjmrjarma gm a èhdruhta gbsjlhdlrtuf Ŝb jĊutarma uhub rmdunbu prbhtrm vmjebb omb prbmtmhb,
a. ZbhjmrĊ sĊ dbu, hbjb hu Ŝtbao èh jm oĊ kan.
prmgbj Ūba Ŝb jlhtrl fuf va rbakbfm flr. O-a o eltĊ rët sĊ ajjmp t prlv ljarm a. ZbhjmrĊ
EltĊrërma oma gm a èhgrĊzhb ju lrbjm prmŪ hu a bzvlrët gbh èhjrmgmrma èh obhm èhsĊob, jb, oab gmnrakĊ, gbh èhjrmgmrma èh
jmrjmtarma oma. Řtbao jĊ suht uh jmrjmtĊtlr kuh Ŝb avmao èhjrmgmrm jĊ bgmbfm pm jarm fm-ao gmsprbhs gbh stugbbfm omfm mrau
vafbgm
vafbgm Ŝb kbhm duhgaomhtatm.
duhgaomhtatm. Tufhmrakbf
Tufhmrakbfbtatma
btatma uroa sĊ oĊ gujĊ ajlfl uhgm glrmao sau trmkuba sĊ acuhn. èh pfus, o-ao
jlhvbhs pm obhm èhsĊob jĊ, gm dapt, hu mra jbhm-Ŝtbm-jm3 ‘Zuht fa Elustlh, fa obhm ajasĊ. èh jmf oab rĊu jaz, jbhjb sutm gm
laomhb lr sĊ oĊ jrmagĊ hmkuhĊ ‗ pfus èhjĊ vrml jëŪbva jarm sm vlr ubta fa jlhdmrbhŪĊ pm Bhtmrhmt."
èh gbobhmaŪa gm gupĊ jlhdmrbhŪĊ, o-ao trmzbt ju oaeourmafa tbpbjĊ prlvljatĊ gm uh mxjms gm vufhmrakbfbtatm. Řtbb fa jm oĊ
rmdmr ‗ ajma smhzaŪbm, jëhg tm trmzmŜtb Ŝb tltuf Ūb sm parm èh rmnufĊ, pëhĊ jëhg aobhtbrma daptufub j-ab dlst ajlfl, èh
ajlfl, èh vĊzuf
tuturlr, tm jlpfmŜmŜtm, Ŝb-Ūb vbhm sĊ tm asjuhzb suk aŜtmrhuturb. ‘Tab, jm-ao putut sĊ daj<! Jbhjb sutm gm laomhb suht jlhvbhŜb
jĊ suht hmkuhĊ, bar
asta, pur Ŝb sbopfu, mstm bhsuplrtakbf. Ao ubtat sĊ vlrkmsj gmsprm gluĊ fujrurb dlartm boplrtahtm. Larm jebar ao avut uh
sfbgm ju gmprmsba, jarm susŪbhma plvmstma aba,
sfbgm ju
ATMHW][BFM OMFM ÈH A[MHċ ;>

pm ja rm hbj b oĊja r h-a r db trmkubt s-l spu h< Oab kbhm oĊ out èh aft lraŜ. "
Gar hu avmao uhgm sĊ oĊ asjuhg. Fa Ŝasm fuhb gupĊ jlhdmrbhŪĊ, ao prbobt uh m-oabf gm gm fa lrnahbzatlrbb WMGx Elustlh, èh
jarm mrao dmfbjbtatĊ pmhtru daptuf jĊ gbsjursuf omu uroa sĊ dbm prmzmhtat pm sbdm-uf prbhjbpaf af jlhdmrbhŪmflr WMG. Řtbao jĊ
mra uh fujru kuh, ka jebar l jbhstm jbhstm rëvhbtĊ gm oufŪb,
oufŪb, gar mrao èhnrlzbtĊ.
èhnrlzbtĊ. èh prbouf
prbouf rëhg, akba rmuŜbsmo
rmuŜbsmo sĊ oĊ èopaj ju
nëhguf jĊ ‘huoab" jbhjb sutm gm laomhb gbh èhtrmana fuom oĊ jrmgmau hmkuhĊ. èh af glbfma rëhg, èhtr-l jufturĊ pfbhĊ gm
jrbtbjb Ŝb gm jbhbso, oĊ sboŪmao oab èh sbnurahŪĊ, èh jarbmra oma, uhgm hu atrĊnmao atmhŪba asupra ouhjbb omfm. Yrbvbhg
rmtrlspmjtbv, h-ao bgmm juo aŜ db rĊspuhs ajmfub moabf,
ajmfub moabf, gajĊ
gajĊ aŜ db Ŝtbut jĊ gbsjursuf omu ‗ avëhg obfblahm gm vbzblhĊrb ‗
gmsprm vufhmrakbfbtatm Ŝb boplrtahŪa gm a ajjmpta sĊ hm mxpuhmo èh daŪa jmflrfafŪb, o-ar db dĊjut sĊ oĊ sbot (jm brlhbm!) atët
gm vufhmrakbfĊ Ŝb gm mxpusĊ.
AstĊzb, ajmf gbsjurs mstm uhuf gbhtrm jmfm oab uroĊrbtm gm pm sbèm-uf WMG.jlo, ju pmstm jbhjb obfblahm gm vbzblhĊrb, dbbhg
suktbtrat èh :5 gm fbokb. Hu o-ao ubtat hbjblgatĊ fa èhrmnbstrarm. OĊ kujur j-ao Ūbhut gbsjursuf, gar asta hu oĊ dajm sĊ oĊ
sbot oab puŪbh vufhmrakbfĊ.
GupĊ juo vĊg mu fujrurbfm, ;919 a dlst, pmhtru obhm, ahuf jlhdmrbhŪmb WMGx Elustlh, bar ;911 ‗ ahuf èh jarm a trmkubt sĊ
prlplvĊ gubmsj omsacuf mxpus èh jlhdmr bhŪĊ. Ao strĊkĊ tut Ūara tlatĊ èh fuhn Ŝb-h fat, vlrkbhg èh daŪa uhlr nrupurb dlartm
mtmrlnmhm ‗ gm fa jlopahbb gbh jfasaomhtuf Dlrtuhm =99, prldmslrb gm fmagmrsebp Ŝb fmagmrsebp Ŝb obfbtarb, pëhĊ fa avljaŪb, asljbaŪbb gm
pĊrbhŪb Ŝb gbst rbjtm Ŝjlfar m*. è h ;91;, ao dl st bhvbt atĊ sĊ susŪbh
* Gbstrbjtmfm suht mhtbtĊŪb Ŝjlfarm jllrglhatlarm, sbobfarm bhspmjtlratmflr cugmŪmhm gbh [loëhba, èhsĊ oab objb, gmsmrvbhg uh huoĊr gm
jëtmva zmjb gm Ŝjlfb mfmomhtarm,
mfmomhtarm, smjuhgarm sau fbjmm. (h. trag)
;5
uh aft gbsjurs fa prbhjbpafa jlhdmrbhŪĊ WMG gm fa Flhn Kmaje, Jafbdlrhba. Ymhtru obhm, prmfmnmrma gbh ;91; a dlst prbfmcuf
gm a èopĊrtĊŜb rmzuftatmfm uhlr stugbb jarm au rmprmzmhtat kaza Ŝb puhjtuf gm pfmjarm afm jmrjmtĊrbb omfm. Ao vlrkbt gm ruŜbhm
‗ juo trmkubm s-l è hŪmfmnm o Ŝb s-l gm pĊŜbo, gajĊ vrmo ju agm vĊrat sĊ èhg rĊzhbo ju lr bjm pr mŪ.
èopĊrtĊŜbrma rmzuftatmflr prlprbbflr jmrjmtĊrb mstm mxpmrbmhŪa jarm o-a dĊjut sĊ sjrbu ajmastĊ jartm. GupĊ jm ao gbsjutat ju
mgbtlruf omu plsbkbfbtatma gm a sjrbm l jartm gmsprm fuoma adajmrbflr sau parmhtbhn Ŝb Ŝb èhjĊ uha pmhtru prldmslrb, ob-ao gat
smaoa jĊ mra sudbjbmht
sudbjbmht sĊ sjrbu l sbhnurĊ jartm, dbbhgjĊ lrbuhgm
lrbuhgm o-aŜ db gus Ŝb bhgbdmrmht ju jbhm aŜ db vlrkbt, prlkfmomfm
prlkfmomfm
msmhŪbafm suht ajmfmaŜb3 tmaoa, gmtaŜarma molŪblhafĊ, glrbhŪa gm a avma oab ouft jurac.
GbsjuŪbbfm omfm gbh omgbuf jlrplratbst sm jlhjmhtrau, èhtltgmauha pm tmoa fmagmrsebp-ufub
fmagmrsebp-ufub bhlvatbv Ŝb jma a jrmatbvbtĊŪbb.
Yrlkfmomfm jmfm oab èhsmohatm gmsprm jarm-ob vlrkma tlatĊ fuoma, gm fa gbrmjtlrb gm tlt dmfuf, pëhĊ fa ahnacaŪbb [mfaŪbbflr
ju Yukfbjuf, èŜb au lrbnbhma èh gmtaŜarma molŪblhafĊ, èh fbpsa dmmgkaj`-ufub, èh
dmmgkaj`-ufub, èh drbja gm a hu db gmpĊŜbŪb gm vbtmza ju jarm sm
pmtrmj sjebokĊ rbfm Ŝb hmvlba gm a avma uh sjlp kbhm gmdbhbt . GajĊ vrmo sĊ rmapr bhgmo sjëhtmb a bhlvaŪbm b Ŝb a pasbuhb b,
trmkubm sĊ rmuoahbzĊo ouhja. GajĊ Ŝb jëhg daptuf jĊ fm prlvljĊo ruŜbhm ahnacaŪbflr gmvbhm uh stbf gm a jlhgujm l dbroĊ,
bopfbjarma ajmstlra gbsparm. Atuhjb jëhg mŜmjuf hu m tlfmrat suk hbjb l dlroĊ, hu hm putmo aŜtmpta ja ahnacaŪbb sĊ èhvmŪm, sĊ
dbm jrmatbvb Ŝb bhlvatlrb.
Jët prbvmŜtm parmhtbhn-VA,
prbvmŜtm parmhtbhn-VA, lkbjmbuf
lkbjmbuf gm a-b prmzmhta pm pĊrbhŪb grmpt dbm kuhb, dbm rĊb, mstm, èh ajmfaŜb tbop, l mxanmrarm Ŝb uh
trahsdlroĊ parmhtbhn-uf bhtr-uh
dapt gbstrujtbv ‗ trahsdlroĊ parmhtbhn-uf bhtr-uh jëop obhat gm ruŜbhm. èhtrmkĊrbfm pm jarm ar trmkub sĊ fm agrmsĊo pĊrbhŪbflr
suht, oab gmnrakĊ, ajmstma3 ‘ZuhtmŪb bopfbjaŪb èh jmma jm dajmŪb< Fm ajlrgaŪb sudbjbmhtĊ atmhŪbm jlpbbflr vlŜtrb<"
ATMHW][BFM OMFM ÈH A[MHċ ;2

Bar gajĊ rĊspuhsuf m adbroatbv, sĊ sm prmnĊtmasjĊ sĊ ba l oufŪbom gm gmjbzbb prlastm Ŝb sĊ dajĊ l oufŪbom gm nrmŜmfb. Ajmstma
gmvbh l kbhmdajmrm pmhtru rmfaŪba pĊrbhtm-jlpbf, èh olomhtuf èh jarm jlpbfuf èŜb lksmrvĊ pĊrbhtmfm èhjmrjëhg sĊ-Ŝb gma smaoa
uhgm a nrmŜbt Ŝb jm platm sĊ dajĊ oab kbhm gata vbbtlarm. ZĊ dbb uh pĊrbhtm pmrdmjt Ŝb sĊ jrmŜtb jlpbb dmrbjbŪb hu m jmf oab
boplrtaht fujru. YmrdmjŪbuhma hu mxbstĊ, gm aftdmf, Ŝb ao gmsjlpmrbt jĊ fujrurbfm jarm-b daj dmrbjbŪb pm jlpbb hu èhtltgmauha èb
prmnĊt msj sĊ dèm agufŪb juracl Ŝb Ŝb bopfbja Ūb. Ajmfa Ŝb fujru m vafak bf Ŝb èh prbvbhŪ a Ŝjlfbfl r. H-ao èhtëfh bt hbjb oĊjar l
prlkfmo Ċ, jarm sĊ hu dbm mxpfbj atĊ prbhtr- l jlokbha Ūbm èhtrm gmtaŜ arma molŪblha fĊ gmolhst ratĊ gm pĊrbhŪb , prldm slrb,
autlrbtĊŪb Ŝb mfmvb sau prbh daptuf jĊ pĊrŪbfm rĊspuhzĊtlarm gm mgujaŪba jlpbbflr h-au rmuŜbt sĊ sm puhĊ gm ajlrg Ŝb sĊ
uroĊrmasjĊ uh lkbmjtbv jlouh.
Ao gmsjlpmrbt jĊ, èh ouhja oma, prlvljarma jma oab gbdbjbfĊ Ŝb oab pfbhĊ gm satbsdajŪbb mstm sĊ dbb, èh ajmfaŜb tbop, Ŝb
jartlnraduf, Ŝb jĊfĊtlruf. EĊrŪbfm omfm ‗ tmlrbbfm ‗ prbvbhg rmzbgmhŪa fa ruŜbhm, vbaŪa trĊbtĊ gbh pfbh Ŝb vufhmrakbfbtatm hu
suht uh rmzuftat af jĊfĊtlrbbflr omfm, jb af gatmflr ŜtbbhŪbdbjm pm jarm fm-ao aguhat èh uftbobb glbsprmzmjm ahb ‗ mxpmrbmhŪmfm
a obb gm kĊrkaŪb Ŝb dmomb, jarm Ŝb-au jrlbt gruouf èhtr-l gbrmjŪbm èh jarm mu, Ŝb oufŪb afŪbb, glrbo sĊ hm èhgrmptĊo. 1 1 )m-a
fuhnuf ahbflr, ao èhvĊŪat jĊ uh jartlnrad hmŜlvĊbmfhbj Ŝb dmro hu mstm uh jĊfĊtlr nr Ċkbt. Oao pltbjhbt agmsmlrb Ŝb ao jĊzut,
gm dbmjarm gatĊ sboŪbhg jĊ trmkuba sĊ sjebok gbrmjŪba. Jebar gajĊ èhjmrj sĊ uroĊrmsj earta pm jarm tlt mu ao sjebŪat-l, sm
èhtëopfĊ agmsmlrb sĊ dbu jlpfmŜbtĊ gm drustrarm Ŝb sĊ oĊ èhglbmsj gm obhm èhsĊob, suht olomhtm jëhg oltltlfmsj earta Ŝb l
aruhj èh smrtaruf ju hbobjurb gbh kujĊtĊrbm. Gruouf gm fa ‘bhsuplrtakbf" fa ‘èhjëhtĊtlr" h-a dlst uŜlr, gar a omrbtat dbmjarm
pas pm jarm f-ao d Ċjut.
:9
Ju tlŪbb suhtmo èh plsmsba uhub agmvĊr ‗ fm vlrkmsj fbgmrbflr, pĊrbhŪbflr Ŝb mgujatlrbflr gm ahb gm zbfm gmsprm mf ‗ jarm stĊ
daŪĊ3 jlhtmazĊ jmma jm Ŝtbo, èhsĊ jbhm suhtmo jlhtmazĊ oab ouft. Ja sĊ
fa tmomfba jĊrŪbb gm daŪĊ3 jlhtmazĊ Ja sĊ dbo ‗
dbo ‗ hu glar ja sĊ
ja sĊ juhlaŜtmo
‗, tr mkubm sĊ hm oa hbdmst Ċo, sĊ-b dajmo pm j mbfafŪ b sĊ hm vagĊ. Bar pmhtru asta, trmkubm sĊ avmo uh j urac dĊrĊ fbobtm èh a hm
arĊta vufhmrakbfb. Yrbouf pas pm ajmst gruo mstm sĊ èhŪmfmnmo uhgm hm adfĊo, ju jm hm jlhdruhtĊo Ŝb uhgm vrmo sĊ acuhnmo.
Gbh puhjtuf omu gm vmgmrm, putmo adfa tlatm ajmstm fujrurb, mxaobhëhg juftura fub ‘HbjblgatĊ hu-b gmstuf".
JAYBWLF]F
JAYBWLF]F 1 HmoufŪuobrma3 l ahafbzĊ a jufturbb fub ‘HbjblgatĊ hu-b
gmstuf"
G]Yċ GLBZY[MSMJM AHB, èh jarm ao stugbat ajmastĊ tmoĊ Ŝb ao vĊzut mdmjtmfm gmzastrulasm afm jufturbb
hmoufŪuobrbb asupra daobfbbflr, lrnahbzaŪbbflr Ŝb jlouhbtĊŪbflr, aŜ spuhm jĊ uh fujru pm jarm-f avmo èh jlouh ju
tlŪbb mstm jĊ hm-ao sĊturat sĊ hm dbm drbjĊ. Hm glrbo sĊ avmo uh jurac dĊrĊ fbobtm. Hm-ao sĊturat gm gmzkatmrbfm
purtat m pm èhtrm nuf tmrbtlr bu af Ztatm flr ]hbtm, pm tmomfm3 ‘Gm jm ahuom trmkubm sĊ hm dbm drbjĊ <" Ŝb ‘Ym jbhm
trmkubm sĊ gĊo vbha<" Ju tlŪbb vrmo sĊ dbo juraclŜb. ‘Hu plŪb s-aruhjb hbjĊbmrb l oëŪĊ olartĊ,
dĊrĊ sĊ hbomrmŜtb uh harjbsbst"
Sbjmrma gm oab sus a dlst, rmjuhlsj, olomhtuf gm mfljvmhŪĊ oaxboĊ gbh tlatm gbsjursurbfm pm jarm fm-ao susŪbhut. BhtmhŪba
oma h-a dlst, èh hbjb uh jaz, sĊ cbnhmsj pm jbhmva, èhsĊ atuhjb jëhg suht surmsjbtatĊ sau hmoufŪuobtĊ, ao tmhgbhŪa sĊ oĊ
èhtlrj fa dmfuf gm a vlrkb pm jarm-f olŜtmhmsj gm fa nmhmraŪbbfm gm tmxahb gbhabhtma oma. Ob sm èhtëopfĊ sĊ ‘aruhj èh laomhb
ju oëŪm", jëtmlgatĊ ao uh ‘nebopm èh jlastĊ" Ŝb, gm jmfm oab ouftm lrb, ‘jm-ao èh nuŜĊ, ao Ŝb-h jĊpuŜĊ". Gm lkbjmb,
vlrkmsj aŜa ajasĊ lrb jëhg suht èoprmuhĊ ju daobfba sau prbmtmhbb, gar jëtmlgatĊ, jëhg suht prlst gbspusĊ, èob oab sjapĊ
jëtm l astdmf gm mxprmsbm Ŝb pm sjmhĊ.
:;
Sbjmrma ju aruhjatuf oëŪmb ao auzbt-l Ŝb dlflsbt-l gm atëtma lrb, jĊ hu ob-ao èhjebpubt jĊ l kuhĊ partm gbhtrm spmjtatlrb vlr
avma gbhabhtma ljebflr boanbhma oma zvërfbhg uh jagavru gm dmfbhĊ èhsprm uh nrup gm laomhb prma pfbhb gm sbhm. Ao prbobt
huomrlasm m-oabf -urb
huomrlasm m-oabf -urb èh jarm ob sm atrĊnma atmhŪba jĊ omsacuf omu jmhtrat pm vufhmrakbfbtatm Ŝb mopatbm hu m jlopatbkbf ju
jruzboma daŪĊ gm ahboafm. èh apĊrarma oma, fm-ao mxpfbjat jĊ vlrka hu arm hbjb l fmnĊturĊ ju ahboafmfm. Fa lrbnbhm, mstm l
mxprmsbm
mxprmsbm gbh Oarbha KrbtahbjĊ
KrbtahbjĊ Ŝb sm rmdmrma fa gbdbjuftatm
gbdbjuftatmaa gm a dlflsb, pm vas, l ‘oëŪĊ ju hluĊ jlzb" ‗ uh kbjb ju hluĊ
jurmfm, pmhtru pmgmpsm ‗ dĊrĊ sĊ pljhmŜtb pm jbhmva gbh nrmŜmafĊ, gat dbbhg spaŪbuf rmstrëhs. Ga, Ŝtbu. Jëhg tm nëhgmŜtb gm
uhgm vbhm, nfuoa oma hu oab mstm aŜa gm aouzahtĊ.
èh ajmst jaz, boanbhma ju aruhjatuf oëŪmb ob-a vmhbt èh obhtm, atuhjb jëhg l dmombm gbh pukfbj o-a èhtrmkat3 ‘Jlpbbb gbh
zbua gm astĊzb sm jrmg atët gm spmjbafb... Gm jm, larm, atët gm oufŪb laomhb
laomhb gmvbh harjbsbŜtb<
harjbsbŜtb<"" [Ċspuhsuf
[Ċspuhsuf omu (hu dlartm
bhspbrat) a dlst jao sarjastbj3 ‘Ga, aŜa mstm. Hu plŪb s- aruhjb hbjĊbmrb l oëŪĊ olartĊ, dĊrĊ sĊ hbomrmŜtb uh harjbsbst." èhsĊ mf
mxprboa drustrarma pm jarm l sbot gm dbmjarm gatĊ, jëhg aug pm jbhmva dlflsbhg juvëhtuf harjbsbso ju
harjbsbso ju atëta farnemŪm. ‘Jmb
jarm bhtrĊ pm Dajmkll` suht hbŜtm harjbsbŜtb. Gm jm jrmg laomhbb jĊ tlt jm daj mstm aŜa gm boplrtaht<" ‘Jlpbbb gbh zbua gm azb
suht atët gm harjbsbŜtb. Jrmg jĊ tltuf sm èhvërtm èh curuf flr." ‘Řmda oma m l harjbsbstĊ Ŝb cuoĊtatm. Zm jrmgm oab kuhĊ gmjët
tlŪb jmbfafŪb, Ŝb-htltgmauha èb jrbtbjĊ pm jmb gbh cur."
èh tbop jm laomhbb lkbŜhubŪb dlflsmsj juvëhtuf harjbsbso ja
harjbsbso ja mtbjemtĊ pmhtru l oufŪbom gm gmdmjtm, gm fa arlnahŪĊ pëhĊ fa
lkrĊzhbjbm,
lkrĊzhbjbm, jmrjmtĊtlrbb
jmrjmtĊtlrbb Ŝb pmrslahmfm jarm sm ljupĊ ju acutatuf acutatuf jmflrfafŪb
jmflrfafŪb (omgbjb, psbelflnb,
psbelflnb, prldmslrb
prldmslrb mtj.) tmstmazĊ
mfastbjbtatma jlhjmptufub èh tlatm olgurbfm boanbhakbfm. Gm jurëhg, uh nrup gm jmrjmtĊtlrb a dĊjut l ahafbzĊ jloputmrbzatĊ a
pbmsmfl r ouzb jafm gm tl p gbh u ftbobb t rmbzmj b gm ahb. Jmrjmt Ċtlrbb
L AHAFBSċ A J]FW][BB
J]FW][BB F]B ‘HBJBLGAWċ
‘HBJBLGAWċ H] B GMZW]F'
::
au arĊtat jĊ mxbstĊ, èh ouzbja plp, l tmhgbhŪĊ, smohbdbjatbvĊ gbh puhjt gm vmgmrm statbstbj, jĊtrm harjbsbso Ŝb anrmsbvbtatm.
Jlhdlro bpltmzmb flr, au gmsjlpmrbt jĊ mxprmsbb prmjuo hlb Ŝb
hlb Ŝb pm hlb suht
hlb suht dlflsbtm tlt oab rar, èh tbop jm mu Ŝb
mu Ŝb pm
pm obhm apar
obhm apar
tlt oab gms.
Au oab jlhstatat Ŝb uh gmjfbh èh dlflsbrma juvbhtmflr jm trbobt fa fmnĊturbfm sljbafm Ŝb molŪbbfm plzbtbvm, prmjuo Ŝb l jrmŜtmrm
èh utbfbzarma juvbhtmflr fmnatm gm durbm Ŝb jloplrtaomhtmfm ahtbsljbafm, juo ar db urĊ sau a sau a ujbgm.
ujbgm. Glb gbhtrm jmrjmtĊtlrbb
jarm au èhtrmprbhs stugbuf, Cmah Wwmhnm Ŝb @mbte Jaopkmff, autlrbb jĊrŪbb Mpbgmoba gm harjbsbso, susŪbh jĊ, èh uftbobb zmjm
harjbsbso, susŪbh
ahb, huoĊruf jmflr jarm sudmrĊ gm tufkurĊrb gm pmrslhafbtatm gm tbp harjbsbst s-a gukfat, èh Ztatmfm ]hbtm.
Jm oab, èhjĊ uh smoh jĊ fuoma m ju duhguf èh sus, juo ar db spus kuhbja!
Jebar aŜa sĊ dbm< ZĊ dbm agmvĊrat jĊ suhtmo èhjlhcuraŪb
èhjlhcuraŪb gm harjbsbŜtb<
harjbsbŜtb< WrĊbo
WrĊbo hlb, larm, èh obcfljuf
obcfljuf uhmb jufturb
jufturb pfbhm gm
bhgbvbzb mnljmhtrbjb Ŝb bhdatuaŪb, bhtmrmsaŪb glar gm putmrm, sujjms, druousmŪm Ŝb gm juo ‘sĊ basĊ èh mvbgmhŪĊ' < Avmo grmptuf
sĊ jrmgmo jĊ fm suhtmo supmrblrb jmflrfafŪb jebar Ŝb atuhjb jëhg hu ao rmafbzat hbobj vaflrls< ZĊ dbm agmvĊrat jĊ hm fbpsmŜtm
mopatba hmjmsarĊ pmhtru a db laomhb pfbhb gm jlopasbuhm, ju fmnĊturb autmhtbjm<
GajĊ mŜtb asmomhb obm, prlkakbf jĊ gmca tm-ab molŪblhat puŪbh Ŝb tm nëhgmŜtb fa jmva gm nmhuf3 ‘Ga, mxajt asta m prlkfmoa.
Hu ju obhm, kbhmèhŪ mfms. Gar, èh nmhmr af, m dlartm jlrmj t!"
d kbhm jëhg avmo fa èhgmoëhĊ l mxpfbjaŪbm, oab afms uha jarm hm acutĊ sĊ hm sboŪbo kbhm èh pbmfma hlastrĊ Ŝb hm spuhm jĊ gm
vbhĊ suht jmbfafŪb.
suht jmbfafŪb. èh
èh rmafbtatm, aprlapm gm dbmjarm gatĊ, jëhg vlrkmŜtm jbhmva gmsprm harjbsbso, l dajm pm uh tlh ajuzatlr, ju
durbm Ŝb gbsprmŪ. H-arm rlst sĊ oĊ asjuhg gupĊ gmnmt ‗ ao sboŪbt ajmstm molŪbb mu èhsĊob, sjrbbhg ajmst paranrad.
:7
Gm rmnufĊ, prboa hlastrĊ rmajŪbm mstm sĊ èhjmrjĊo sĊ-b ‘vbhgmjĊo" pm harjbsbŜtb, gmoasjëhgu-b. Hu jlhtmazĊ gajĊ gbsjut ju
pĊrbhŪb , prldm slrb, gbrmjt lrb gm jlopah bb sau ju vmjbhb b omb, ju tlŪbb èob spuh ajmfaŜ b fujru3 ‘Bhgbv bzbb ĊŜtba pfbhb gm sbhm
trmkubm sĊ-Ŝb gma smaoa jĊ hu suht spmjbafb, jĊ hu suht jebar atët gm nrlzavb, jĊ hu m jazuf sĊ sm uodfm èh pmhm Ŝb j-ar trmkub
sĊ rmvbhĊ ju pbjblarmfm pm pĊoëht. Hu-b pasĊ hboĊhub gm amrmfm flr." (Asta mstm vmrsbuhma jmhzuratĊ a jm ob-au auzbt obm
urmjebfm!)
Huoab jĊ fujrur bfm suht ouft oab jlopfbj atm, gmjët par fa prboa vmgmrm . Jmma jm mstm drustr aht. Řb platm jebar gurmr ls.
Wmoa harjbsbsoufub a pĊtruhs sudbjbmht gm ouft èh jlhŜtbbhŪa jlfmjtbvĊ, èhjët oaclrbtatma laomhbflr plt s-l asljbmzm jlrmjt
ju uh tbpar jloplrtaomht
jloplrtaomhtaf af jarm bhjfugm
bhjfugm lstmhtaŪba,
lstmhtaŪba, hmvlba pmroahmhtĊ
pmroahmhtĊ gm a db agobrat
agobrat Ŝb fbpsa mopatbmb.
mopatbmb. Jmma jm hu sm
èhŪmfmnm mstm jĊ dbmjarm gbhtrm ajmstm sboptlom afm harjbsbsoufub mstm asljbat ju ruŜbhma. Jmma jm èhsmaohĊ jĊ hu putmo
‘jlrmjta" harjbsbsouf, gmoasjëhgu-b pm laomhb Ŝb rmaobh- tbhgu-fm gmdmjtmfm Ŝb fbpsurbfm flr. Jmf oab prlkakbf, ruŜbhma mstm
jauza ajmstlr jloplrtaomhtm, Ŝb hu trataomhtuf flr.
Yrbvbhg harjbsbsouf prbh prbsoa vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb

A-b mtbjemta Ŝb gbanhlstbja pm jmb afm jĊrlr gbdbjuftĊŪb suht rmzuftatuf bhtmrajŪbuhbb ju omgbuf sau af prljmsufub èhvĊŪĊrbb, oab
gmnrakĊ gmjët jmva èhhĊsjut sau olŜtmhbt, dajm rĊu gmsmlrb prljmsufub gm vbhgmjarm Ŝb sjebokarm. Bar atuhjb jëhg hm
jlhdruhtĊo ju l mpbgmobm, gajĊ hu m vlrka gmsprm jmva jlhtanbls gbh puhjt gm vmgmrm dbzbj, jauza mstm, ouft oab prlkakbf,
uh rmzuftat af bhtmrajŪbuhbb ju omgbuf, Ŝb hu jmva èhhĊsjut. Mtbjemtarma uhmb prlkfmom èh aŜa dmf, èhjët sĊ sm puhĊ ajjmhtuf pm
jbhm ahuom m l pmrslahĊ,
pmrslahĊ, Ŝb hu pm afmnmrbfm
afmnmrbfm pm jarm ajmasta
ajmasta fm dajm, l sjutmŜtm gm rmsplhsakbfbtatm
rmsplhsakbfbtatmaa gm a Ŝb sjeboka
jloplrtaomhtuf3 ‘èob parm rĊu. AŜa suht mu."
L AHAFBSċ A J]FW][BB F]B ‘HBJBLGAWċ H]-B GMZW]F"

:=
Jrmg ju tĊrbm jĊ laomhbb suht rĊspuhzĊtlrb pmhtru jmma jm daj, aŜa jĊ hu jrmg èh mxpfbjaŪbbfm jarm gau vbha pm sljbmtatm, pm
juftura èh jarm trĊbo mtj. Tlb gbsjuta gmsprm jët gm boplrtaht mstm sĊ sm èhŪmfmanĊ lrbnbhma uhmb prlkfmom, ja sĊ platĊ db
slfuŪblhatĊ oab aplb.
Agmsma, mstm utbf sĊ rmjuhlaŜtmo tbparm jloplrtaomhtafm Ŝb sĊ èhŪmfmnmo jm hm bhgbjĊ mfm, gar asta hu èhsmaohĊ sĊ ajjmptĊo
jĊ laomhbb plt db gmdbhbŪb gm uh gbanhlstbj. Gbanhlstbjuf, jrmg mu ‗ bar jmrjmtĊrbfm susŪbh ajmst fujru ‗ mxajmrkmazĊ ruŜbhma
Ŝb-b èopbmgbjĊ pm oufŪb laomhb sĊ jautm acutlr.
Wrmkubm sĊ èhŪmfmnmo tmhgbhŪmfm Ŝb jlhsmjbhŪmfm ajmstlra. èhsĊ ob sm parm ouft oab utbf ‗ Ŝb ajmst fujru platm avma uh
bopajt urbaŜ èh ouftm sbtuaŪbb ‗ sĊ prbvbo ajmstm tbparm jloplrtaomhtafm prbh prbsoa vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb. Gm mxmopfu, gajĊ
gm drbja gm a db uh lo lkbŜhubt, jarm-Ŝb arm
prbvmsj harjb sbsouf prbh prbsoa vufhmra kbfbtĊŪ bb, plt sĊ vĊg jĊ, gm dapt, m v lrka gm drbja arm
rĊgĊjbhbfm èh ruŜbhm. TĊg
ruŜbhm. TĊg drbja gm a hu tm sboŪb èhgmacuhs gm gmlsmkbt, pmhtru a db lksmrvat gm jmb gbh cur, pmhtru a db bukbt Ŝb
ajjmptat sau pmhtru a sboŪb jĊ vbaŪa ta mstm uha boplrtahtĊ. Gm ouftm lrb, sbopfuf nmst gm a uoahbza prlkfmomfm aruhjĊ l
fuobhĊ rmvmfatlarm asupra flr, fuobhĊ jarm gbsparm bomgbat jm sm rmjurnm fa l mtbjemtĊ stbnoatbzatlarm.
AjmastĊ hluĊ gmdbhbŪbm a harjbsbsoufub aratĊ, èh ajmfaŜb tbop, jarm suht lrbnbhma prlkfmomb Ŝb slfuŪbbfm plsbkbfm. Ob-m dlartm
jfar gm jm tlt oab oufŪb laomhb au gbdbjuftĊŪb èh a jrmgm jĊ suht gmstuf gm vaflrlŜb. èhtëfhbo pmstm tlt, èh juftura hlastrĊ,
jlhjmpŪba pltrbvbt jĊrmba l vbaŪĊ lkbŜhubtĊ mstm fbpsbtĊ gm smhs. Jlpbbb jarm jrmsj uroĊrbhg mobsbuhb WT gm tbp rmafbty selw,
sau gmgbjatm vmgmtmflr, Ŝb utbfbzmazĊ hmsupravmnemaŪb rmŪmfmfm gm sljbafbzarm asbobfmazĊ ajmastĊ jlhjmpŪbm Ŝb-Ŝb jlhstrubmsj l
boanbhm gmdlroatĊ asupra fuobb3 ‘Taflarma oma, ja pmrslahĊ, gmpbhgm gm huoĊruf gm fb`m-urb gm fb`m-urb pm
pm jarm fm prbomsj
prbomsj pm Dajm-
kll` sa u Bhsta nrao".
:4
Ju tlŪbb suhtmo bhdfumhŪaŪb, oab ouft sau oab puŪbh, gm bgmbfm jarm bhguj asmomhma jloplrtaomhtm. GajĊ prbvbo sbtuaŪba,
èhsĊ, prbh prbsoa vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb, vlo rmhuhŪa sĊ oab jrmgmo jĊ suhtmo atët gm gbdmrbŪb gm ‘harjbsbŜtbb ĊŜtba bhsuplrtakbfb".
Juhlsj hmvlba prlduhgĊ gm a jrmgm jĊ mstm boplrtaht jmma jm dajb Ŝb jët gm uŜlr mstm s-l jlhduhzb ju glrbhŪa gm a db jbhmva
bmŜbt gbh jlouh. Juhlsj tmhtaŪba gm a-Ūb oĊsura prlprba vaflarm ju uhbtatma gm oĊsurĊ ldmrbtĊ gm juftura jmfmkrbtĊŪbb. Řb, gm
asmomhma, èhŪmfmn dmfuf èh jarm smhtbomhtuf jĊ mŜtb jbhmva boplrtaht, jĊ ab omrbtm bmŜbtm gbh jlouh, prmjuo Ŝb agobraŪba
jmflrfafŪb suht ja uh kafsao jarm hm afbhĊ sudmrbhŪa gm a db laomhb atët gm lkbŜhubŪb Ŝb gm bopmrdmjŪb. Mstm agmvĊrat, asmomhma
nëhgurb Ŝb jloplrtaomhtm guj, èh jmfm gbh uroĊ, fa oab ouftĊ sudmrbhŪĊ Ŝb fa l oab oarm èhstrĊbharm gm jmbfafŪb, èhsĊ, atuhjb
jëhg sudmrbo, jëhg sboŪbo jĊ hu suhtmo bukbŪb Ŝb ajjmptaŪb gm jmbfafŪb, hm èhgrmptĊo jĊtrm ajmfm fujrurb gmsprm jarm jrmgmo
jĊ hm vlr prltmca jmf oab ouft.
Ju sbnurahŪĊ, mxbstĊ sbtuaŪbb èh jarm gbanhlstbjuf mstm hmjmsar, pmhtru a gmsjlpmrb ‘trataomhtuf" agmjvat. Ym gm aftĊ partm, hu-
ob vbhm èh obhtm hbjb l sbhnurĊ sbtuaŪbm èh jarm sĊ hu avmo gm jëŜtbnat, gajĊ mxaobhĊo prbh prbsoa vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb
gbdbjuftĊŪbfm ju jarm sm jlhdruhtĊ laomhbb.
èhtltgmauha putmo èhvĊŪa jëtm jmva, gajĊ Ŝb jëhg rmdfmjtĊo fa uroĊtlarmfm èhtrmkĊrb3
1. Jarm
Jarm suht bgmb
bgmbfm
fm Ŝb aŜtmpt
aŜtmptĊrb
Ċrbfm
fm jarm
jarm gmdbhmsj
gmdbhmsj juftu
juftura
ra èh jarm
jarm trĊbo
trĊbo Ŝb èh jm
dmf hm bhdfumhŪmazĊ mfm
jloplrtaomhtuf<
;. Jm fmnĊtur
fmnĊturĊĊ mxbstĊ
mxbstĊ èhtrm
èhtrm jloplrt
jloplrtaom
aomhtm
htmfm
fm Ŝb gbdbju
gbdbjuftĊ
ftĊŪbf
Ūbfmm hlastrm,
hlastrm, pm gm-l
gm-l
partm, Ŝb hmv lba hl astrĊ
gm prltmjŪbm, pm gm aftĊ partm< :. Jm fmnĊturĊ mxbstĊ èhtrm nëhgurbfm, molŪbbfm Ŝb jloplrtaomhtmfm hlastrm, pm gm-l
partm, Ŝb vufh mrakbf btatma Ŝb hmv lba gm a hm gmzvlf ta uh putmrh bj sm htbomht af vaf lrbb pm rslhafm , pm gm aft Ċ par tm<

:>
èhtlrjëhgu-hm fa èhtrmkarma bhbŪbafĊ, gajĊ suhtmo sau hu èhjlhcuraŪb gm laomhb ju l tufkurarm gm pmrslhafbtatm gm tbp
harjbsbst, rĊspuhsuf omu m hmnatbv. MxbstĊ l bhdfumhŪĊ jufturafĊ dlartm putmrhbjĊ èh prmzmht, jarm-b dajm pm laomhb sĊ
gmzvlftm trĊsĊturb harjbsbstm, bar drbja gm a db glar uh lo lkbŜhubt Ūbhm gm ajmastĊ bhdfumhŪĊ. Jrmg, èhsĊ, jĊ mxpfbjaŪba m ouft
oab prlduhgĊ. Ymhtru a gmsjlpmrb lrbnbhma ajmstmb prlkfmom, trmkubm sĊ rmhuhŪĊo fa dlflsbrma gm mtbjemtm.
Yrbh prbsoa vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb, ao putut prbvb èh gmtafbu jëtmva jloplrtaomhtm spmjbdbjm, gar, gajĊ èhgmpĊrtĊo fmhtbfa gm
lkbmjtuf jmrjmtat, pmrspmjtbva sm sjebokĊ. Hu pbmrgmo gbh vmgmrm prlkfmomfm pm jarm fm gbsjutĊo, jb fm vmgmo ja partm
gbhtr-uh
gbhtr-uh jlhtmxt oab farn. Fujruf ajmsta hm pmrobtm
pmrobtm sĊ bgmhtbdbjĊo
bgmhtbdbjĊo ju prmjbzbm
prmjbzbm jma oab boplrtahtĊ
boplrtahtĊ bhdfumhŪĊ jufturafĊ
jufturafĊ a
vrmourbflr hlastrm, jarm hu glar fĊourmŜtm jmma jm dbmjarm gbhtrm hlb jlhsbgmrĊ a db l ‘mpbgmobm gm harjbsbso", jb ldmrĊ, gm
asmomhma, l boanbhm pahlraobjĊ asupra nëhgurbflr, molŪbbflr Ŝb jloplrtaomhtmflr jarm hm sjebokĊ bgmhtbtatma, olguf èh
jarm trĊbo, bukbo, fujrĊo, dmfuf èh jarm hm jlhgujmo adajmrbfm, hm jrmŜtmo jlpbbb, Ŝb èh jarm laomhbb nuvmrhmazĊ, prmgau Ŝb
rmfaŪblhmazĊ uhbb ju jmbfafŪb. Omgbuf gmsprm jarm vlrkmsj mstm l jufturĊ a hmoufŪuobrbb, gm dapt.
Juftura
Juftura hmoufŪuo
hmoufŪuobrbb
brbb33 prlkfmo
prlkfmoaa fub
‘hu suht gmstuf gm..."
]h aspmjt msmhŪbaf af jmrjmtĊrbb omfm mstm jĊutarma uhub fbokac jarm sĊ trahsobtĊ ju ajuratmŪm gatmfm ŜtbbhŪbdbjm lkŪbhutm gm
obhm, gar jarm, èh ajmfaŜb tbop, sĊ-b dajĊ pm jmb jm oĊ asjuftĊ sĊ rmzlhmzm ju prlkfmomfm aklrgatm. Řtbu jĊ hu-ob rmuŜmŜtm
asta, jëhg jmb gbh daŪa oma au amruf jĊ sm prmdaj a èhŪmfmnm, lrb gajĊ rmajŪba flr mstm sĊ spuhĊ fujrurb gm nmhuf3 ‘ZuhĊ
bhtmrmsaht", sau3 ‘Jm jemstbm!" ūbhëhg jlht gm tmomfm pm jarm fm aklrgmz, Ŝtbu jĊ suht pm jafm sĊ daj l gmsjlpmrbrm
boplrtahtĊ,
:5
atuhjb jëhg asjuftĊtlrbb omb sm ubtĊ èh aftĊ partm sau jëhg èŜb ajlpmrĊ daŪa rapbg ju oëha, sau rĊspuhg3 ‘Fa habka!", ‘Eab sĊ
dbo smrblŜb!" sau3 ‘Hu plt sĊ jrmg aŜa jmva". Gm lkbjmb, uftboa drazĊ l aug jëhg partbjbpahŪbb jbtmsj sau asjuftĊ prlplzbŪba3
‘Hu suht gmstuf gm..M hmvlbm glar gm jëtmva smjuhgm, ja mb sĊ jlopfmtmzm juvbhtmfm fbpsĊ3
• Hu su
suht gmgmstuf gm gm ku
kuh.
• Hu suh
suh t p mrd
mrdmjm jtt èh
èh hhbo
bobjbj g bh bh jmm
jm maa jm
jm daj
da j..
• Hu su
suht gmgmstuf gm gm su
supfu.
• H u s uh
uh t gm st
st uf
uf gmgm pu
put mrmrh bj
bj .
• H u s uh
uh t gm st
st uf
uf gmgm pr
pr ls
ls pm
pm r.r.
• H u s uh
uh t gm st
st uf
uf gmgm bh
bht mf
mf bn
bnm ht ht.
• H u s uh
uh t gm st
st uf
uf g m e lltt Ċr
Ċrë t.t.
• H u s uh
uh t gm st
st uf
uf gmgm sb
sb nu
nu r pm ob obh m.
m.
• Hu suh
suh t l ppmr
mrsl
slah ahĊĊ mx
mx tra
trall rg rg bh
bh arĊ
arĊ..
Zuhtmo hmoufŪuobŪb, tljoab pmhtru jĊ trĊbo èhtr-l jufturĊ a hmoufŪuobrbb Ŝb jrmgmo èh ma.
]ha gbhtrm autlarmfm
autlarmfm omfm prmdmratm,
prmdmratm, jarm au sjrbs gmsprm juftura hmoufŪuobrb
hmoufŪuobrbbb mstm Fyhhm Wwbst,
Wwbst, ajtbvbstĊ
ajtbvbstĊ nflkafĊ,
juhlsjutĊ pmhtru ajtbvbtĊŪbfm jarbtakbfm èh jarm sm bopfbjĊ. èh jartma mb, Zudfmtuf kahbflr,
kahbflr, Fyhhm vlrkmŜtm gmsprm juftura
hmoufŪuobrbb, ja dbbhg l ‘oarm obhjbuhĊ".
BatĊ jm sjrbm3
Ymhtru obhm Ŝb pmhtru oufŪb gbhtrm hlb, prbouf fujru fa jarm hm nëhgbo, gupĊ jm hm trmzbo, mstm3 H-ao glrobt
sudbjbmht. Bar af glbfma mstm3 H-ao
mstm3 H-ao gmstuf tbop.
tbop. Bhgbdmrmht gajĊ m agmvĊrat sau hu, nëhguf jĊ hu avmo gmstuf hm
trmjm prbh obhtm autloat, dĊrĊ sĊ oab apujĊo sĊ-f puhmo suk smohuf èhtrmkĊrbb lrb sĊ-f mxaobhĊo ju atmhŪbm. Hm
pmtrmj mo l oarm partm gbh vbaŪĊ, faomht ëhgu-h m sau èhnrb- clrëhgu -hm jĊ hu hm acuhnm uh fujru sau aftuf.
Gbhabhtm
‘HBJBLGAWċ H] B GMZW]F" :2
sĊ hm rbgbjĊo gbh pat, gbhabhtm sĊ atbhnmo plgmaua ju pbjblarmfm, sboŪbo jĊ fujrurbfm hu omrn aŜa juo ar trmkub,
jĊ suhtmo èh uroĊ, j-ao pbmrgut jmva, jĊ hm fbpsmŜtm jmva. Bar smara, jëhg hm kĊnĊo èh pat, obhtma hlastrĊ
rmpmtĊ, ja pm l runĊjbuhm, tlatm fujrurbfm pm jarm fm-ao lkŪbhut sau hu fm-ao dĊjut èh zbua rmspmjtbvĊ. Hm jufjĊo
suk plvara nëhgurbflr Ŝb hm trmzbo ju obhtma fa jmma jm hm fbpsmŜtm... AjmastĊ jlhgbŪbm bhtmrhĊ a hmoufŪuobrbb, Ŝb
ahuom juftura hmoufŪuobrbb, mstm jma jarm stĊ fa lrbnbhma nmflzbmb, a fĊjlobmb, a bhtlfmrahŪmb hlastrm Ŝb a daptufub
jĊ suhtmo sĊtub gm prlprba vbaŪĊ...
Juftura hmoufŪuobrbb, gm dapt, mstm prlkfmoa fub ‘mu èhsuob hu suht gm acuhs". Zmhtbomhtuf gm hmoufŪuobrm èhdflrmŜtm èhtr-l
jufturĊ èh jarm dbmjarm mstm ebpmrjlhŜtbmht gm jmma jm-b fbpsmŜtm. Wltuf ‗ gm fa sbnurahŪĊ Ŝb bukbrm, fa kahb Ŝb rmsursm ‗ mstm
dbm èh jahtbtĊŪb fbobtatm, dbm fbpsmŜtm ju gmsĊvërŜbrm. Ybmrgmo bhjrmgbkbf gm ouft tbop jafjufëhg jëtm avmo, jëtm hm glrbo Ŝb
jëtm hm fbpsmsj, prmjuo Ŝb jët gm ouftm au jmbfafŪb sau èŜb glrmsj sĊ abkĊ.
Jmma jm dajm ja tlatĊ ajmastĊ oĊsurarm Ŝb jlopararm sĊ hm jrmmzm uh oarm hmacuhs mstm daptuf jĊ agmsmlrb
agmsmlrb hm jloparĊo
jloparĊo
vbaŪa, jĊshbjba, daobfba sau jlouhbtatma ju stahgargm gm pmrdmjŪbuhm boplsbkbf gm atbhs, pm jarm hb fm bopus oass-omgba.
Zau, gajĊ hu, jloparĊo rmafbtatma vbmŪbb
hlastrm ju jmma jm hm boanbhĊo j-ar db vbaŪa aftlra ‗ Ŝb jarm hu mstm hbobj aftjmva, gmjët l dbjŪbuhm.
Hlstafn ba, gm asmomh ma, m uh o lg p mrbju fls gm a dajm jlopar aŪbb. NëhgmŜtm -tm fa jët gm g ms hm jlopar Ċo pm hlb èhŜbhm Ŝb
vbaŪa hlastrĊ
hlastrĊ ju l aobhtbrm pm jarm hlstafnba
hlstafnba hm-a olgbdbjat-l
olgbdbjat-l atët gm ouft, èhjët hu oab arm hbobj
hbobj èh jlouh ju jm s-a
èhtëopfat ju agmvĊrat3 ‘èŪb oab aobhtmŜtb jëhg...< èh zbfmfm ajmfma, jutarm fujru mra aftdmf."
79
Lrbnbhbfm hmoufŪuobrbb
HmoufŪuo brma hu puhm stĊpëh brm pm l jufturĊ pmstm hlaptm . Ma prlspm rĊ èh juftur bfm prmgbsp usm fa ruŜbhm , sukobhat m gbh
bhtmrblr gm smhtbomhtuf gmtaŜĊrbb Ŝb af fbpsmb gm apartmhmhŪĊ. (Jëhg spuh ‘jufturĊ prmgbspusĊ fa ruŜbhm", oĊ rmdmr hu fa l
sljbmtatm jarm sm ruŜbhmazĊ gm prlprba bgmhtbtatm jlfmjtbvĊ, jb fa daptuf jĊ oaclrbtatma laomhbflr sm jlhdruhtĊ ju smhtbomhtuf
fbpsmb gm vaflarm pmrslhafĊ.)
èh uftbobb zmjm ahb, ao dlst oartlra uhmb sjebokĊrb oaclrm èh jfboatuf jufturaf Ŝb olraf af ŪĊrbb hlastrm. Ao vĊzut ajmst
fujru èh gatmfm lkŪbhutm èh jmrjmtĊrbfm omfm Ŝb, gm asmomhma, pm jebpurbfm laomhbflr pm jarm b-ao èhtëfhbt, bhtmrvbmvat Ŝb ju
jarm ao gbsjutat. TbaŪa h-a dlst hbjblgatĊ ju agmvĊrat uŜlarĊ pmhtru aomrbjahb, gar, èh uftbobb zmjm ahb, oufŪb gbhtrm hlb ao
trmjut prbh mvmhbomhtm atët gm gbdbjbfm, èhjët s-a prlgus l sjebokarm èh juftura hlastrĊ. Gm fa tranmgba gm pm 11 smptmokrbm
;991, ouftmfm rĊzklabm Ŝb rmjmsbuhma mjlhlobjĊ, fa jafaobtĊŪbfm haturafm Ŝb jrmŜtmrma hbvmfufub gm vblfmhŪĊ Ŝb bfmnafbtatm èh
Ŝjlfb, ao supravbmŪubt Ŝb fm supravbmŪubo uhlr mvmhbomhtm jarm hm-au spufkmrat smhtbomhtuf gm sbnurahŪĊ ju l asmomhma
dlrŪĊ, èhjët, jebar gajĊ h-ao dlst bopfbjaŪb gbrmjt èh mfm, fm-ao trĊbt ja pm hbŜtm trauom. M sudbjbmht sĊ hm ubtĊo pmstm
statbstbjbfm ju huoĊruf Ŝlomrbflr Ŝb af jmflr ahnacaŪb suk jafbdbjarma ju jarm au bhtrat èh jëopuf ouhjbb, ja sĊ hm gĊo smaoa
jĊ dbmjarm gbhtrm hlb a dlst admjtat hmobcfljbt sau arm l pmrslahĊ aprlpbatĊ jarm a dlst admjtatĊ putmrhbj gm sjebokĊrbfm
oaclrm gbh sljbmtatma hlastrĊ.
èhnrbclrĊrbfm rmpmtatm fmnatm gm hmacuhsurb m sboptlouf strmsufub plst-trauoatbj, prbh jarm trmjm juftura hlastrĊ. Ajmst fujru
sm èhtëopfĊ, atuhjb jëhg laomhbb au trmjut prbh oarb èhjmrjĊrb, èhsĊ, èh flj sĊ jautm vbhgmjarm afĊturb gm jmbfafŪb ‗ jmma jm
ar èhsmoha rmjuhlaŜtmrma prlprbmb vufhmrakbfbtĊŪb ‗, sm fasĊ pragĊ durbmb, ahxbmtĊŪbb Ŝb anrmsbvbtĊŪbb. Hu glar juftura
71

èh ahsaokfuf mb sudmrĊ ‗ ao gmsjlpmrbt jĊ ajmfmaŜb ajmfmaŜb gbhaobjb
gbhaobjb sm oahbdmstĊ
oahbdmstĊ èh juftura
juftura daobfbafĊ,
daobfbafĊ, lrnahbzaŪblhaf
lrnahbzaŪblhafĊ,Ċ,
mgujaŪblhafĊ, prmjuo Ŝb èh jma a jlouhbtĊŪbb hlastrm. Bar èh dbmjarm jlhtmxt, dmhlomhuf arm fa kazĊ ajmmaŜb dlroufĊ3 l
jlokbhaŪbm hmdastĊ èhtrm ruŜbhm, jloparaŪbm sljbafĊ Ŝb gmtaŜarm molŪblhafĊ. HmoufŪuobrma mstm l jlhsmjbhŪĊ a ajmstlr
jlhgbŪbb,
jlhgbŪbb, pm jarm fm pmrpmtumazĊ
pmrpmtumazĊ pëhĊ èh olomhtuf èh jarm sm dlromazĊ dlromazĊ l oasĊ jrbtbjĊ
jrbtbjĊ gm laomhb
laomhb jarm èhjmp sĊ dajĊ aftm
afmnmrb Ŝb rmuŜmsj sĊ sjebokm jufturbfm oab objb, gbh jarm daj partm.
Ao putma èhŪmfmnm oab kbhm jmfm trmb aspmjtm suk jarm sm oahbdmstĊ atbtugbhma duhgaomhtafĊ gm hmoufŪuobrm Ŝb bhdfumhŪa mb
asupra jufturbb, gajĊ ao rmdfmjta fa èhtrmkĊrbfm jarm uromazĊ. Jbtbhg èhtrmkĊrbfm, mstm utbf sĊ hu pbmrzb gbh vmgmrm jlhtmxtuf
jufturaf spmjbdbj dbmjĊrub sbstmo sljbaf gbh jarm dajb partm ‗ ŜjlafĊ, daobfbm, jlouhbtatm sau flj gm ouhjĊ3
1. [uŜbhma. M agmvĊrat jĊ uhbb laomhb sm dlflsmsj gm tmaoa jmflrfafŪb gm rbgbjlf sau jrbtbjĊ, pmhtru
a-b jlhgujm Ŝb/sau pmhtru a-b jlhtrlfa< Jrmzb jĊ vaflarma uhmb pmrslahm mstm gatĊ gm rmuŜbtmfm safm pmrslhafm, gm
japajbtatma gm fujru sau gm oĊsura èh jarm sm jlhdlromazĊ uhlr stahgargm sljbafm< èhvbhlvĊŪbrma Ŝb arĊtatuf ju gmnmtuf
au acuhs l rmnufĊ< ]obfbrma Ŝb mtbjemtarma suht tlt oab gms èhtëfhbtm< Gar davlrbtbsouf< Mstm pmrdmjŪblhbsouf l
prlkfm oĊ<
;. sljbafĊ. L jlopmtbŪbm sĊhĊtlasĊ platm db kmhmdbjĊ pmhtru bhgbvbzb. èh nrupurbfm gbh
JloparaŪba sljbafĊ. L
jarm dajb partm, sm daj omrmu jloparaŪbb ‗ dĊŪbŜ sau pm asjuhs ‗ Ŝb bmrarebzĊrb< Mstm jrmatbvbtatma sudljatĊ< Zuht laomhbb
cugmja Ūb prb h prbs oa uhl r stah gargm fbobtatm , dĊr Ċ a db rm juhlsj uŪb pm htru ta fmhtmf m flr uhbjm Ŝb jlh trbkuŪb a flr < Taflarma
laomhbflr m oĊsuratĊ prbh prbsoa uhub olg bgmaf gm a db lrb a uhmb dlrom gm tafmht, jlhsbgmratĊ supmrblarĊ jmflrfaftm< F
GmtaŜarma molŪblhafĊ. Zm tmo laomhbb sĊ rbŜtm lrb sĊ èhjmrjm fujrurb hlb< èŪb vbhm oab uŜlr sĊ hu
tm mxprbob, gmjët
7;
sĊ èopĊrtĊŜmŜtb bgmb, trĊbrb Ŝb mxpmrbmhŪm gm vbaŪĊ< WrĊbmŜtb ju boprmsba jĊ hbomhb hu-b atmht Ŝb hu asjuftĊ ju agmvĊrat<
Jrmzb jĊ tlatĊ fuoma sm zkatm sĊ dbm vĊzutĊ Ŝb auzbtĊ< Jëhg oĊ nëhgmsj fa jlhtmxtuf jufturaf oab farn èh jarm trĊbo, fa oass-
omgba Ŝb fa pmbsacuf sljbaf, mjlhlobj Ŝb plfbtbj, Ŝb-ob puh ajmstm èhtrmkĊrb, rĊspuhsuf omu, gm dbmjarm gatĊ, mstm GA, GA Ŝb
omgba Ŝb
GA!
Jëhg oĊ nëhgmsj fa daobfba oma Ŝb-ob puh ajmfmaŜb èhtrmkĊrb, èob gau smaoa jĊ tljoab ajmstma suht prlkfmomfm pm jarm mu,
èoprmuhĊ ju slŪuf omu, Ztmvm, hm strĊgubo sĊ fm gmpĊŜbo èh dbmjarm zb. Dlflsmsj juvëhtuf a gmpĊŜb, pmhtru
gmpĊŜb, pmhtru jĊ a jlhstrub l
rmfaŪbm, a jrmŜtm l daobfbm, a jrma l jufturĊ lrnahbzaŪblhafĊ, a jlhgujm l ŜjlafĊ sau a gmzvlfta l jlouhbtatm spbrbtuafĊ, bhtr-
uh olg duhgaomhtaf gbdmrbt gm hlromfm uhmb jufturb a hmoufŪuobrbb, prmsupuh jlhŜtbmhtbzarm, bopfbjarm Ŝb ouhjĊ, zb gm zb.
Juftura globhahtĊ èb prmsmazĊ èhtruha pm laomhb sĊ sm jlhdlromzm, bar, gajĊ hu suhtmo gbspuŜb sĊ rbplstĊo Ŝb sĊ fuptĊo
pmhtru jmma jm jrmgm o, hu vlo rmuŜb sĊ gmpĊŜb o om htafbta tma fub ‘hu m g mstuf". Glvmgbo uh ‘jurac dĊrĊ fbobtm" gm dbmja rm
gatĊ, jëhg afmnmrbfm hlastrm puh suk smohuf èhtrmkĊrbb ajmastĊ jufturĊ a hmoufŪuobrbb.
Lpusuf uhmb vbmŪb trĊbtm èh hmoufŪuobrm Ŝb fbpsĊ hu mstm l vbaŪĊ trĊbtĊ èh akuhgmhŪĊ. Gm dapt, jrmg jĊ
akuhgmhŪa Ŝb fbpsa suht gluĊ dmŪm afm ajmfmbaŜb olhmgm. Lpusuf fub ‘hu m gmstuf" hu mstm ‘oab ouft gmjët Ūb-ab putma boanbha" sau
akuhgmhŪa. Lpusuf omhtafbtĊŪbb hmoufŪuobrbb mstm ajmma gm a db oufŪuobt ju jmma jm ab ‗ sau jmma jm mu huomsj l vbaŪĊ
trĊbtĊ gbh pfbh. GupĊ
pfbh. GupĊ juo ao mxpfbjat èh bhtrlgujmrma fa jartma gm daŪĊ, ajmst olg gm a trĊb arm fa kazĊ oab ouftm prbhjbpbb,
gar aspmjtmfm safm duhgaomhtafm suht vufhmrakbfbtatma Ŝb smhtbomhtuf prlprbmb vaflrb. Aftdmf spus ‗ a dajm daŪĊ hmsbnurahŪmb,
mxpuhmrbb admjtbvm Ŝb rbsjurbflr molŪblhafm, prmjuo Ŝb a db oufŪuobt gm tbhm èhsuŪb.
‘HBJBLGAWċ H]-B GMZW]] 7:
ZĊ hm èhtlarjmo fa jmfm trmb jatmnlrbb gm èhtrmkĊrb fmnatm gm juftura hmoufŪuobrbb, pm jarm fm-ao dlroufat agbhmalrb. JëŪb
gbhtrm hlb ar db gbspuŜb sĊ dbm vufhmrakbfb sau sĊ èhgrĊzhmasjĊ èh lrbjm sbtuaŪbm, ju lrbjm prmŪ< Oaclrbtatma h-ar db. Zuht ajmstm
jlhgbŪbb jufturafm gm haturĊ sĊ-f acutm pm bhgbvbg sĊ-Ŝb juftbvm smhtbomhtuf prlprbmb vaflrb< [Ċspuhsuf mstm, gbh hlu, hmnatbv.
L jufturĊ a hmoufŪuobrbb hu mstm prbmfhbjĊ gmzvlftĊrbb uhmb gbsplzbŪbb gm a-Ūb asuoa vufhmrakbfbtatma Ŝb akbfbtĊŪbb gm a tm
bopfbja èh jmma jm dajb gbh pmrspmjtbva jlhŜtbbhŪmb prlprbmb vaflrb.
GupĊ glbsprmzmjm ahb, èh jarm ao stugbat ajmastĊ tmoĊ Ŝb ao vĊzut mdmjtmfm gmzastrulasm afm jufturbb hmoufŪuobrbb asupra
daobfbbflr, lrnahbzaŪbbflr Ŝb jlouhbtĊŪbflr, aŜ spuhm jĊ uh fujru pm jarm-f avmo èh jlouh ju tlŪbb mstm jĊ hm-ao sĊturat sĊ hm
dbm drbjĊ. Hm glrbo sĊ avmo uh jurac tarĊ fbobtm. Hm-ao sĊturat gm gmzkatmrbfm purtatm pm èhtrmnuf tmrbtlrbu af Ztatmflr ]hbtm,
pm tmo mfm3 ‘Gm j m ahuo m trm kubm s Ċ hm dbm d rbjĊ<" Ŝb ‘Y m jbh m trm kubm s Ċ gĊo vbha<" Ju tlŪb b vrmo sĊ dbo jurac lŜb.
Bh japbtlfuf uroĊtlr, vlb gbsjuta gmsprm obturbfm vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb, gbh jarm sm erĊhmŜtm juftura hmoufŪuobrbb, Ŝb vlb arĊta jĊ
prbouf ajt g m jur ac ms tm sĊ tm mx prbob, sĊ-b faŜb pm jmbfa fŪb sĊ tm va gĊ aŜa juo m Ŝtb.
JAYBWLF]F ;
Gmoasjarma obturbflr vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb
GA, Z]HWMO WLWAF MUY]ŘB molŪblhaf, atuhjb jëhg suhtmo vufhmrakbfb. Ga, hmsbnurahŪa mstm ja l jaomrĊ gm
tlrturĊ. Řb, ga, suht gm ajlrg, atuhjb jëhg hm pmrobtmo sĊ dbo vufhmrakbfb, hm asuoĊo uh rbsj molŪblhaf urbaŜ. Gar
èh hbjb uh jaz hu sm platm spuhm jĊ asuoarma uhlr rbsjurb, mxpuhmrma molŪblhafĊ Ŝb èhdruhtarma hmsbnurahŪmb
rmprmzbhtĊ dlrom gm sfĊkbjbuhm. Obtuf hr. 13 Tufhmrakbfbtatma èhsmaohĊ sfĊkbjbuhm
Ymrjmpmrma vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb ja l sfĊkbjbuhm mstm obtuf jmf oab rĊspëhgbt ju prbvbrm fa vufhmrakbfbtatm, gar Ŝb jmf oab pmrbjufls.
GupĊ jm hm-ao pmtrmjut tlatĊ vbaŪa rmduzëhg vufhmrakbfbtatma Ŝb apĊrëhgu- hm gm ma, ja sĊ hu dbo pmrjmpuŪb ja dbbhg prma
moltbvb, èb gbsprmŪubo pm jmb jarm hu plt sau hu suht gbspuŜb sĊ-Ŝb asjuhgĊ smhtbomhtmfm, sĊ èhgurm Ŝb sĊ rmzbstm èh jbuga
tuturlr
tuturlr gbdbjuftĊŪbflr
gbdbjuftĊŪbflr.. Ao acuhs astdmf sĊ jrbtbjĊo, èh flj sĊ rmspmjtĊo
rmspmjtĊo Ŝb sĊ aprmjbmo juracuf Ŝb èhgrĊzhmafa
èhgrĊzhmafa gbh spatmfm
vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb, fĊsëhgu-hm bhdfumhŪaŪb, èh cugmjĊŪbfm hlastrm, gm prlprbbfm smhtbomhtm gm drbjĊ Ŝb gm cmhĊ.
Tufhmrakb
Tufhmrakbfbtat
fbtatma
ma hu mstm hbjb kuhĊ, hbjb rma, èh sbhm. Hu m jmma jm sm jemaoĊ ‘l molŪbm hmnatbva* Ŝb hu m èhtltgmauha
èhtltgmauha l
mxpmrbmhŪĊ plzbtbvĊ, fuobhlasĊ. Tufhmrakbfbtatma stĊ fa kaza tuturlr molŪbbflr Ŝb smhtbomhtmflr. A sboŪb èhsmaohĊ a db
vufhmrakbf.
GMOAZJA[MA OBW][BFL[ T]FHM[AKBFBWċūBB 7=

Jbhm jrmgm jĊ vufhmrakbfb
vufhmrakbfbtatma
tatma mstm l sfĊkbjbuhm,
sfĊkbjbuhm, gm dapt, jrmgm jĊ a avma molŪbb molŪbb mstm l sfĊkbjbuhm.
sfĊkbjbuhm. A puhm stavbfĊ
stavbfĊ vbmŪbb
hlastrm molŪblhafm, gm tmaoĊ jĊ vlo pfĊtb uh prmŪ prma sjuop, èhsmaohĊ sĊ hm èhgmpĊrtĊo gm sbhnuruf fujru jarm gĊ sjlp Ŝb
smhs vbmŪbb.
Laomhbb
Laomhbb rmspbhn
rmspbhn vufhmrakbfb
vufhmrakbfbtatma,
tatma, dbbhgjĊ l asljbazĊ
asljbazĊ ju stĊrb hmnatbvm
hmnatbvm prmjuo drbja, ruŜbhma, sudmrbhŪa,
sudmrbhŪa, trbstmŪma
trbstmŪma Ŝb
gmzaoĊnbrma ‗ molŪbb gmsprm jarm hu vrmo sĊ gbsjutĊo, hbjb oĊjar atuhjb jëhg hm admjtmazĊ prlduhg olguf èh jarm trĊbo,
bukbo,
bukbo, ouhjbo sau jlhgujmo l dbroĊ. Jmma jm puŪbhb puŪbhb gbhtrm hlb rmuŜmsj
rmuŜmsj sĊ èhŪmfmanĊ,
èhŪmfmanĊ, uh fujru pm jarm mu èhsĊob
èhsĊob f-ao
èhŪmfms gupĊ zmjm ahb gm jmrjmtarm, mstm jĊ vufhmrakbfbtatma m, tltlgatĊ, sĊfaŜuf molŪbbflr Ŝb af mxpmrbmhŪmflr fa jarm rëvhbo.
Tufhmrakb- fbtatma mstm fljuf uhgm sm hasj bukbrma, smhtbomhtuf gm apartmhmhŪĊ, kujurba, juracuf, mopatba Ŝb jrmatbvbtatma.
Mstm sursa spmrahŪmb, a mopatbmb, rmsplhsakbfbtĊŪbb Ŝb autmhtbjbtĊŪbb. GajĊ vrmo sĊ hm èhŪmfmnmo rlstuf mxbstmhŪmb oab kbhm, sĊ
trĊbo oab prlduhg, fa hbvmf spbrbtuaf, sbhnura jafm prbh jarm putmo dajm fujruf ajmsta m sĊ hm asuoĊo prlprba vufhmrakbfbtatm.
.'ctbu jĊ ajmstm fujrurb suht nrmu gm jrmzut, oab afms gajĊ Ūb-ab pmtrmjut l èhtrmanĊ vbaŪĊ, nëhgbhgu-tm jĊ vufhmrakbfbtatma Ŝb
agmvĊrat. Ymhtru obhm, vufhmrakbfbtatma èhsmaohĊ bhjmrtbtugbhm, rbsj Ŝb mxpuhmrm
sfĊkbjbuhma èhsmaohĊ ajmfaŜb fujru ‗, gar m agmvĊrat. Ymhtru
molŪblhafĊ. Ju ajmst fujru èh obhtm, eabgmŪb sĊ hm nëhgbo jm èhsmaohĊ sĊ bukmŜtb pm jbhmva. ZĊ bukmŜtb pm jbhmva jarm s-ar
putma sĊ hu tm buk masjĊ , a j Ċrub s bnurah ŪĊ h- l plŪb naraht a, b arm a r putm a sĊ rĊoëhĊ èh vbaŪ a ta sau sĊ pfmjm èh lrb jm ol omht,
dĊrĊ prmavbz, jarm ar putma sĊ-Ūb dbm flbaf pëhĊ èh uftboa /b a vbmŪbb sau sĊ tm trĊgmzm jebar Ŝb oëbhm ‗ asta èhsmaohĊ
vufhmrakbfb
vufhmrakbfbtatm.
tatm. Bukbrma èhsmaohĊ bhjmrtbtugbhm.
bhjmrtbtugbhm. Mstm bhjrmgbkbf
bhjrmgbkbf gm rbsjahtĊ.
rbsjahtĊ. ZĊ bukmŜtb
bukmŜtb pm jbhmva èhsmaohĊ sĊ dbb mxpus
molŪblhaf. Ga, m èhspĊboëhtĊtlr, Ŝb ga, rbsjĊo sĊ sudmrbo ‗
74
gar plŪb sĊ-Ūb boanbhmzb juo m sĊ trĊbmŜtb dĊrĊ sĊ bukmŜtb Ŝb dĊrĊ sĊ dbb bukbt<
ZĊ tm mxpub prbh arta, sjrbmrbfm, dltlnradbbfm Ŝb bgmbfm tafm, dĊrĊ hbjb l asbnurarm jĊ vmb db aprmjbat sau èhŪmfms, m tlt
vufhmrakbfbtatm. Jëhg hm fĊsĊo jlpfmŜbŪb gm kujurbbfm pm jarm hb fm agujm jëtm uh olomht sau aftuf af vbmŪbb, ju tlatm jĊ Ŝtbo
gmsprm mfm jĊ suht trmjĊtlarm, gmŜb Ūb sm spuhm sĊ hu tm
kujurb prma tarm, ja sĊ hu jem ob hmh lrljbr ma ‗ ajmst fujru, gm asm omhma, mstm l dlro Ċ gm vufhmr akbfbta tm.
GupĊ juo spuhmao jmva oab gmvrmom, mxbstĊ pmrbjlfuf sĊ èhjmpmo sĊ jrmgmo jĊ trĊbrbfm admjtbvm suht mfm èhsmfm dlrom gm
sfĊkbjbuhm. Ju mxjmpŪba durbmb ‗ jarm mstm l molŪbm smjuhgarĊ Ŝb arm grmpt sbhnur sjlp sĊ clajm rlfuf uhmb oĊŜtb ajjmptatm
sljbaf pmhtru l ouftbtugbhm gm molŪbb sukbajmhtm gbdbjbfm, pm jarm fm trĊbo ‗, mxbstĊ l tmhgbhŪĊ gm a rmspbhnm molŪbbfm Ŝb,
prbh u roarm, vufhmr akbfbta tma.
Hu putmo sĊ gmpĊŜbo bgmma jĊ vufhmr akbfbta tma m l sf Ċkbjbu hm, gmjët atuhjb jëhg èhjmtĊ o s Ċ dajmo jlhduz bm èhtrm ‘a avma
molŪbb" Ŝb ‘a db uh lo sfak" Ŝb sĊ jlhsbgmrĊo jĊ molŪbbfm suht uh dmf gm eahgbjap. GajĊ vrmo sĊ rmjëŜtbnĊo fatura
molŪblhafĊ a vbmŪbflr hlastrm Ŝb sĊ rmglkëhgbo pasbuhma gm a trĊb Ŝb smhtbomhtuf jĊ vbaŪa arm uh rlst, trmkubm sĊ èhvĊŪĊo
juo sĊ hm asuoĊo prlprba vufhmrakbfbtatm, juo sĊ dbo vufhmrakbfb, gar Ŝb juo sĊ ajjmptĊo molŪbbfm pm jarm fm bopfbjĊ
vufhmrakbfbtatma. Ymhtru uhbb, ajmstm fujrurb suht dlartm hlb, èh tbop jm afŪbb trmkubm glar sĊ-Ŝb rmaobhtmasjĊ jmma jm Ŝtbu
gmca. èh aokmfm jazurb, ao èhvĊŪat gbh stugbbfm omfm jĊ m jmf oab kbhm sĊ èhjmpb ju gmdbhbrma, rmjuhlaŜtmrma Ŝb èhŪmfmnmrma
vufhmrakbfb
vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb
tĊŪbb tafm. Tufhmrakbfbtat
Tufhmrakbfbtatma
ma hu mstm jmva akstrajt. Yutmo sĊ èhŪmfmnmo oab kbhm ajmst jlhjmpt,
jlhjmpt, plrhbhg
plrhbhg gm fa
jëtmva mxmopfm. BatĊ jm ob-au spus jmb jĊrlra fm-ao jmrut sĊ jlopfmtmzm prlplzbŪba3 ‘A db vufhmrakbf èhsmaohĊ..."3
B 8b3oasjarma obturbflr vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb

7>
• sĊ susŪbh uh puhjt gm vmgmrm hmplpufar.
hmplpufar.
• sĊ-ob jmr
jmr grmpturbfm
grmpturbfm..
• sĊ jmr acutlruf
acutlruf jubva.
• sĊ spuh
spuh ‘hu" jubva.
• sĊ èhjmp
èhjmp l adajmrm.
• s-l acut pm slŪba oma gm trmbzmjb-Ŝb-Ŝaptm gm ahb, klfhavĊ gm jahjmr èh stagbu
stagbu tmrobhaf, sĊ-Ŝb dajĊ
tmstaomhtuf.
• sĊ-b gau gm èhŪmfms
èhŪmfms slŪbmb jĊ vrmau sĊsĊ dajmo smx.
• sĊ-b gau gm èhŪmfms
èhŪmfms slŪufub
slŪufub jĊ vrmau sĊ dajmo smx.
• sĊ-f èhjuracmz pm kĊbatuf omu sĊ-Ŝb uromzm vbsuf gm a gmvmhb prbo-vblflhbst, gmŜb prlkakbf jĊ h-l
sĊ rmuŜmasjĊ.
• sĊ-b tmfmdlhmz uhub prbmtmh jĊruba b-a ourbt jlpbfuf.
• sĊ smohmz ajtmfm pmhtru bhtmrharma
bhtmrharma oaomb omfm èhtr-uh jmhtru gm èhnrbcbrm pafbatbvĊ.
pafbatbvĊ.
• sĊ bms pmhtru prboa gatĊ fa èhtëfhbrm, gupĊgupĊ jm ao gbvlrŪat.
• sĊ spuh prbouf ‘tm bukmsj", dĊrĊ sĊ Ŝtbu gajĊ pmrslaha jmafaftĊ èob èob va rĊspuhgm fa dmf.
• sĊ pukfbj uh tmxt sjrbs gm obhm sau sau sĊ-ob mxpuh uha gbhtrm fujrĊrbfm omfm gm artĊ.
• sĊ dbu prlolvat Ŝb sĊ hu Ŝtbu èhjĊèhjĊ gajĊ suht gmstuf gm prmnĊtbt pmhtru hluf plst.
• sĊ dbu
dbu jlhjmgbat.
jlhjmgbat.
• sĊ oĊ èhgrĊnl
èhgrĊnlstmsj.
stmsj.
• sĊ èhjmrj
èhjmrj jmva
jmva hlu.
• sĊ-f guj pm bukbtuf omu pmhtru prboa larĊ fa obhm ajasĊ.
• sĊ rĊoëh èhsĊrjbhatĊ, gupĊ trmb sarjbhb
sarjbhb pbmrgutm.
• sĊ aŜtmpt rmzuftatmfm
rmzuftatmfm kblpsbmb.
kblpsbmb.
• sĊ èhjmrj sĊ jlouhbj ju dbuf omu, jarm trmjm prbhtr-uh gbvlrŪ gbdbjbf.
• sĊ prajtbj nbohastbja amrlkbjĊ èh daŪa aftlr pmrslahm, dĊrĊ sĊ Ŝtbu kbhm obŜjĊrbfm Ŝb Ŝb dbbhg bmŜbtĊ gbh
dlroĊ.
• sĊ ajjmpt jĊjĊ ob-m tmaoĊ.
tmaoĊ.
• sĊ pltrbvmsj obhnma fa puhjtuf gm fa 11 11 omtrb, gupĊ l smrbm gm ratĊrb.
75
• sĊ-b spuh Ŝmdufub omu jĊ hu vlo avma kahb sĊ pfĊtbo safarbbfm fuha vbbtlarm.
• sĊ-ob jlhjmgbmz
jlhjmgbmz ahnacaŪbb.
ahnacaŪbb.
• sĊ-ob prmzbht prlgusuf pltmhŪbafbflr juopĊrĊtlrb Ŝb sĊ hu prbomsj hbjb l rmajŪbm.
• sĊ bau atbtugbhm, èh davlarma oma sau a jlfmnbflr omb, èh daŪa jubva
jubva jarm jfmvmtmŜtm sau hm jrbtbjĊ.
• sĊ-ob asuo rmsplhsakbfbtatma
rmsplhsakbfbtatma pmhtru jmva sau jbhmva.
• sĊ-ob jmr bmrtarm.
bmrtarm.
• sĊ oĊ eltĊrĊsj
eltĊrĊsj sĊ ao èhjrmgmrm èh jbhmva.
jbhmva.
Fujrurbfm
Fujrurbfm ajmstma Ūb sm par smohm gm sfĊkbjbuhm<
sfĊkbjbuhm< Jmf jarm afmnm sĊ-b dbm afĊturb jubva jarm arm oarb prlkfmom mstm uh lo
sfak< A-Ūb asuoa rmsplhsakbfbtatma, l glvagĊ gm sfĊkbjbuhm< L glvagĊ gm sfĊkbjbuhm, sĊ mxmjuŪb uh pmhafty pmhafty gupĊ jëtmva
ratĊrb< H]. Tufhmrakbfbtatma
H]. Tufhmrakbfbtatma m rugĊ ju agmvĊruf Ŝb sm asmaoĊhĊ bzkbtlr juracufub. AgmvĊruf Ŝb juracuf hu suht omrmu fujrurb
pfĊjut m, ga r hbom hb h-a r putm a spu hm jĊ suht s fĊkbjb uhb.
Ga, suhtmo tltaf mxpuŜb molŪblhaf, atuhjb jëhg suhtmo vufhmrakbfb. Ga, hmsbnurahŪa mstm ja l jaomrĊ gm tlrturĊ. Řb, ga,
suht gm ajlrg, atuhjb jëhg hm pmrobtmo sĊ dbo vufhmrakbfb, hm asuoĊo uh rbsj molŪblhaf urbaŜ. Gar èh hbjb uh jaz hu sm
platm spuhm jĊ a suoarma uhlr r bsjurb , mxp uhmrma molŪblh afĊ Ŝb èhdruht arma hmsbnur ahŪmb rmprm zbhtĊ dlrom gm sfĊ kbjbuhm .
Fa èhtrmkarma3 ‘Jm èhsmaohĊ sĊ tm sboŪb vufhmrakbf<", ao prbobt rĊspuhsurb fa dmf gm boprmsblhahtm3
▩ è hs
hs ma
ma oh
ohĊ s Ċ-
Ċ- ob
ob ga u c l s o as
as ja
ja , s pm
pm rë
rë hg
hg j Ċ m u f o mu
mu a gmgm vĊ
vĊ ra
ra t h u-
u- f v a gm za
za oĊ
oĊ nb
nb pm j mf
mf Ċf
Ċf af
af t.t.
èhsmaohĊ sĊ hu èhŜmfb Ŝb sĊ hu gmzaoĊnmŜtb.
▩M fljuf uhgm sm èhtëfhmsj tmaoa Ŝb juracuf.
▩M ja Ŝb juo ab omrnm pm sëroĊ, ab acuhnm fa cuoĊtatma mb Ŝb Ūb-ar fè fa dmf gm drbjĊ sĊ omrnb èhabhtm
Ŝb sĊ tm èhtlrjb èhaplb.
▩ZĊ-Ūb trahspbrm oëbhbfm Ŝb sĊ-Ūb katĊ bhboa dlartm tarm.
B 81 OAZJA[MA OBW][BFL[ T]FHM[AKBFBWċūBB
72
• Mstm jmva èhspĊboëhtĊtlr Ŝb pafpbtaht, èh ajmfaŜb tbop0 jmva èhnrlzbtlr, gar Ŝb pfbh pfbh gm spmrahŪĊ.
• M ja Ŝb juo ab èhjmrja sĊ gab cls jĊoaŜa gm gm dlrŪĊ. èhsmaohĊ sĊ-Ūb asuob rbsjurb.
• èhsmaohĊ sĊ dajb prbouf pas jĊtrm fujruf gm jarm tm tmob jmf oab ouft.
• èhsmaohĊ
èhsmaohĊ sĊ cljb tltuf
tltuf pm-l jartm.
• M jmva jarm oĊ dajm sĊ oĊ sbot jbugat Ŝb èhnrbclrat,
èhnrbclrat, gar èh ajmfaŜb tbop uoah Ŝb pfbh
pfbh gm vbaŪĊ.
• L smhzaŪbm gm hlg èh nët Ŝb gurmrm èh pbmpt.
• M ja atuhjb,
atuhjb, jëhg tm èh olhtanhms-russms Ŝb
tm gab èh olhtanhms-russms Ŝb gbhtr-lgatĊ sboŪb juo jazb èh nlf.
• Ab uh smhtbomht
smhtbomht gm mfbkmrarm.
mfbkmrarm.
• èhsmaohĊ
èhsmaohĊ drbjĊ, gm dbmjarm
dbmjarm gatĊ.
• ZmhzaŪbm gm pahbjĊ, ahxbmtatm, drbjĊ Ŝb bstmrbm, uroatm gm uh smhtbomht gm mfbkmrarm, gm oëhgrbm Ŝb
gm ubobrm ‗ aplb, gbh hlu pahbjĊ.
• M ja Ŝb juo Ūb-ab gmzvmfb pbmptuf èh
èh daŪa bhaobjufub.
• L smhzaŪbm hmoĊsuratĊ gm nrlazĊ, gar, èh ajmfaŜb tbop, Ŝtbb Ŝtbb jĊ fujruf pm jarm trmkubm sĊ-f dajb m
akslfut hmjmsar.
• Mstm smhzaŪba aba... jĊ trmkubm sĊ flvmsj mu prbouf,
prbouf, èhabhtm s-l èhjasmz.
• M ja Ŝb juo
juo ab jĊgma èhèh nlf.
• M ja atuhjb jëhg auzb l èopuŜjĊturĊ Ŝb aŜtmpŪb
aŜtmpŪb sĊ vmzb gajĊ tm-a hbomrbt nflhŪuf sau hu.
• èhsmaohĊ sĊ hu ab jlhtrlf gmflj asupra sbtuaŪbmb.
',8b rĊspuhsuf jarm a apĊrut bar Ŝb bar, èh tlatm mdlrturbfm hlastrm gm a èhŪmfmnm oab kbhm vufhmrakbfbtatma< GmzkrĊjat.
• ZĊ dbb
dbb v ufh
ufhmr
mrak
akbf
bf mstm
mstm ja
ja Ŝb
Ŝb juo
juo ab db g mzk
mzkrĊ
rĊja
j at,
t, èh
èh vvĊz
Ċ zuu f tutu
tuturl
rlrr.
• A db vufhmrakbf m ja Ŝb juo ab sta èh pbmfma nlafĊ pm l sjmhĊ Ŝb tm tm aŜtmpŪb oab gmnrakĊ sĊ prbomŜtb
apfauzm, gmjët sĊ rëgĊ fuoma gm tbhm.
=9
• Mstm ja Ŝb juo ab sta gmzkrĊjat, èh tbop jm tlŪb jmb gbh cur au eabhmfm pm mb.
• M ja èhtr-uhuf gbhtrm vbsmfm ajmfma, jëhg tm pfbokb
pfbokb gmzkrĊjat prbhtr-l oufŪbom gm laomhb.
Ymhtru a putma èhŪmfmnm oab kbhm jm èhsmaohĊ vufhmrakbfbtatma, mstm dlflsbtlarm l jmrjmtarm a mtbolflnbmb juvëhtufub.
Tufhmrakbfbtatm vbhm
Tufhmrakbfbtatm vbhm gbh juvëhtuf fatbhmsj vufhmrarm,
fatbhmsj vufhmrarm, jarm
jarm èhsmaohĊ ‘a rĊhb". Zmhsurbfm fub suht3 ‘jarm platm db rĊhbt" Ŝb ‘jarm
platm db atajat uŜlr0 jarm arm pĊrŪb sfakm, gmdmjt ulasm, jrbtbj akbfm" . GbjŪblh aruf Omrrba o-^mkstmr gmdbhm Ŝtm ‘sfĊkb jbuhma"
grmpt bhakbfbtatma gm a rmzbsta uhub ataj. Gbhtr-l pmrspmjtbvĊ strbjt fbhnvbstbjĊ, mvbgmht, jmfm gluĊ juvbhtm au smhsurb gbdmrbtm.
Z-ar putma spuhm, gm dapt, jĊ sfĊkbjbuhma sm haŜtm, gm ouftm lrb, gbh fbpsa vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb3 jëhg hu hm rmjuhlaŜtmo puhjtmfm
sfakm Ŝb jëhg sm oahbdmstĊ, suhtmo ouft oab mxpuŜb rbsjufub gm a db rĊhbŪb.
Ysbelflnba
Ysbelflnba Ŝb psbelflnba
psbelflnba sljbafĊ au agus glvmzb dlartm jlhvbhnĊtl
jlhvbhnĊtlarm
arm èh jmma jm prbvmŜtm
prbvmŜtm boplrtahŪa
boplrtahŪa rmjuhlaŜtmrbb
rmjuhlaŜtmrbb
vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb pmrslhafm. Ztugbbfm gbh glomhbuf psbelflnbmb sĊhĊtĊŪbb aratĊ jĊ vufhmrakbfbtatma pmrjmputĊ
pmrjmputĊ ‗ prbh ajmasta
èhŪmfmnëhg japajbtatma gm a bgmhtbdbja rbsjurbfm gm èoklfhĊvbrm fa jarm mŜtb mxpus ‗ splrmŜtm smohbdbjatbv Ŝahsmfm gm a agmra
fa uh rmnbo gm vbaŪĊ sĊhĊtls. Ymhtru a-b gmtmrobha pm pajbmhŪb sĊ aglptm jloplrtaomhtm gm prmvmhŪbm, ajmŜtba trmkubm sĊ-Ŝb
gmzvlftm l pmrjmpŪbm jët oab jlrmjtĊ a prlprbmb vufhmrakbfbtĊŪb. FmjŪba bhtmrmsahtĊ jarm platm db gmsprbhsĊ gm abjb mstm ajmma
jĊ nraguf gm vufhmrakbfbtatm rmaf daŪĊ gm l klafĊ sau admjŪbuhm mstm oab puŪbh boplrtaht, gmjët nraguf gm jlhŜtbmhtbzarm a
jlhŜtbmhtbzarm a
prlprbm b vufh mrakbf btĊŪb.
JmrjmtĊtlrb gbh psbelflnba sljbafĊ, oab afms jmb gbh glomhbuf bhdfumhŪmb Ŝb af pmrsuasbuhbb, jarm stugbazĊ juo suht
admjtaŪb laomhbb gm rmjfaom Ŝb oar`mtbhn, au jlhgus l smrbm gm stugbb asupra
vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb. AjmŜtba au gmsjlpmrbt jĊ sukbmjŪbb jarm
B 8MOAZJA[MA obturbflr vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb =1

jlhsbgmrau jĊ hu sm fasĊ bhdfumhŪaŪb gm rmjfaomfm èhŜmfĊtlarm sau jĊ hu suht vufhmrakbfb fa omsacmfm flr ‗ mrau, gm dapt, jmb
oab vufhmrakbfb. MxpfbjaŪba gatĊ gm jmrjmtĊtlrb ajmstub dmhlomh spuhm tltuf3 ‘Gmpartm gm a db uh obcflj sbnur gm apĊrarm,
bfuzba bhvufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb sukobhmazĊ tljoab jloplrtaomhtmfm (arm b-ar db asbnurat sukbmjtufub l oab oarm prltmjŪbm èh daŪa
omsacmflr pukfbjbtarm".
B )ha gbhtrm mxpmrbmhŪmfm jmfm oab ahxblnmhm gbh èhtrmana oma jarbmrĊ a dlst sĊ susŪbh ajmf gbsjurs fa jlhdmrbhŪmfm WMG gm fa
B lhn Kmaje, gmsprm jarm ao aobhtbt èh bhtrlgujmrma jĊrŪbb gm faŪĊ. Ym fëhnĊ tmomrbfm dbrmŜtb fmnatm gm Ūbhmrma uhub gbsjurs
dbfoat, tbop gm lptsprmzmjm obhutm, èh daŪa uhmb augbmhŪm ju aŜtmptĊrb oarb, afjĊtubtĊ gbh pmrslhafbtĊŪb, oab mrao Ŝb uftbouf
vlrkbtlr af ajmfmb mgbŪbb. Wbop gm trmb zbfm, ao uroĊrbt uhmfm bfbhtrm jmfm oab ubobtlarm Ŝb oab japtbvahtm gbsjursurb, pm jarm
fm-ao asjuftat
asjuftat vrmlgatĊ. Ju dbmjarm prmfmnmrm auzbtĊ, o-ao tĊjut tlt oab objĊ pm sjauhuf sjauhuf omu, rmafbzëhg
rmafbzëhg jĊ, pmhtru ja
gbsjursuf omu sĊ dbm jlhvbhnĊtlr, hu trmkuba sĊ-ob glrmsj sĊ ..daj fa dmf ja afŪbb", jb sĊ stakbfmsj juova l fmnĊturĊ ju jmb gbh
pukfbj. èob glr mao d lartm ouft sĊ vĊg pm jbhmva pm ja rm sĊ -f plt fua gr mpt ol gmf, g ar gbs jursur bfm j arm o- au bop rmsblha t jmf
oab ouft hu uroau uh tbpar ‗ autlrbb flr mrau, pur Ŝb sbopfu, autmhtbjb. Asta èhsmoha jĊ trmkuba sĊ dbu mu èhsĊob. Wrmkuba
sĊ dbu vufhmrakbfĊ Ŝb gmsjebsĊ. Wrmkuba sĊ rmhuhŪ fa sjmharbuf pm jarm ob-f jrmasmo Ŝb sĊ prbvmsj laomhbb èh ljeb. Wrmkuba sĊ
apar ‘nlafĊ" èh daŪa flr. Glaohm, Guohmzmufm!... Hu suplrtao aŜa jmva. ]h jlŜoar af omu, jarm sm tlt rmpmtĊ, b sbm jĊ apar
gmzkrĊjatĊ èh daŪa jmflrfafŪb.
( ahg, èh sdërŜbt, ao pĊŜbt pm sjmhĊ, prbouf fujru pm jarm f-ao dĊjut a dlst sĊ-b prbvmsj èh ljeb pm jmb gbh pukfbj. Fm-ao jmrut
gbrmjtlrbflr gm sjmhĊ sĊ splrmasjĊ bhtmhsbtatma fuobhbflr gbh
=;
safĊ, ja sĊ-b vĊg oab kbhm pm jmb adfaŪb èh daŪa oma. Tlbao sĊ sbot jĊ, èhtrm obhm Ŝb mb, mxbsta l fmnĊturĊ. Zbopfuf dapt jĊ-b
vmgmao ja laomhb, Ŝb hu ja ‘pukfbj", èob aobhtma jĊ prlvljarma jarm oĊ spmrbm pm obhm ‗ sĊ dbu gmznlfbtĊ èh daŪa flr ‗
spmrbm pm tlatĊ fuoma. BatĊ gm jm mopatba sm platm trahsobtm gbhjlfl gm juvbhtm3 m gm acuhs sĊ tm ubŪb èh ljebb jubva Ŝb sĊ tm
vmzb juo tm vmgm jmfĊfaft, ja sĊ Ŝtbb jĊ sm bgmhtbdbjĊ Ŝb mf ju tbhm.
èh tbopuf gbsjursufub, ao agrmsat pukfbjufub gluĊ èhtrmkĊrb jarm hm aratĊ jët gm paraglxafĊ mstm atbtugbhma hlastrĊ daŪĊ gm
vufhmrakbfbtatm. Oab èhtëb, ao èhtrmkat3 ‘JëŪb gbhtrm vlb vĊ hmnaŪb prlprba vufhmrakbfbtatm, jlhsbgmrëhg jĊ mstm l dlroĊ gm
sfĊkbjbuhm<" Jmb oab oufŪb au rbgbjat oëha. Aplb ao èhtrmkat3 ‘èh daŪa vlastrĊ, au urjat pm sjmhĊ oab oufŪb laomhb jarm Ŝb-
au oahbdmstat vufhmrakbfbtatma, jëhg Ŝb-au mxpus bgmbfm. JëŪb gbhtrm jmb gm daŪĊ v-aŪb nëhgbt jĊ ajmŜtba au gat glvagĊ gm jurac
astdmf<" Řb gm astĊ-gatĊ, oaclrbtatma jmflr gbh safĊ au rbgbjat oëha.
Hm pfa jm j ëhg j mbfafŪb hb sm gmzvĊ fubm Ŝb hm aratĊ jbhm suht m b ju agmvĊr at, è hsĊ hm m tma oĊ sĊ dajmo Ŝb hlb fa d mf. Hm m tma oĊ
jĊ hu avmo oarm fujru gm ldmrbt, dĊrĊ l puhmrm èh sjmhĊ spmjtajuflasĊ, dĊrĊ sĊ hm olgbdbjĊo ‘jrmatlr" boanbhma, dĊrĊ sĊ
èhjmrjĊo sĊ-b boprmsblhĊo pm jmbfafŪb. Ob-a dlst drbjĊ sĊ urj pm sjmhĊ Ŝb sĊ fm arĊt jmflr gbh pukfbj muf omu agmvĊrat ‗ jmb
gbhabhtma oma mrau prma boplrtahŪb, èopfbhbŪb, dabolŜb. Muf omu agmvĊrat m prma jlhduz, bopmrdmjt, boprmvbzbkbf.
BatĊ jarm mra obmzuf jlhdfbjtufub omu bhtmrblr3
• Tlbao ja laomhbb gbh pukfbj sĊ-Ŝb asuom vufhmrakbfbtatma
vufhmrakbfbtatma Ŝb, tltuŜb, mu sĊ hu dbu vufhmrakbfĊ.
vufhmrakbfĊ.
• Tufhmrakbfbtatma èhsmoha
èhsmoha jurac fa jmbfafŪb Ŝb bhagmjvarm ‗ èh jazuf omu.
• Mrao atrasĊ gm vufhmrakbfbtatma
vufhmrakbfbtatma jmflrfafŪb, gar prlprba oma vufhmrakbfbtatm èob prlvlja rmpufsbm.
B )@OAZJA[MA OBW][BFL[ T]FHM[AKBFBWċūBB

=:
]rjëhg pm sjmhĊ, o-ao nëhgbt fa Ztmvm, jarm stĊtma èh pukfbj, fa surlrbfm omfm gbh Wmxas Ŝb fa jëŪbva prbmtmhb jarm oĊ
uroĊrmau, èh trahsobsbuhm gbrmjtĊ, fa uh mvmhbomht WMGAjtbvm lrnahbzat fa ajmmaŜb lrĊ, èh aftĊ partm. Gm asmomhma, ob-a
gat jurac uh fujru pm jarm f-ao èhvĊŪat fa jlhdmrbhŪmfm WMG ‗
9 surprbhzĊtlarm fmjŪbm gmsprm mŜmj. Aprlapm tlŪb jmb pm jarm
1 ao èhtëfhbt
èhtëfhbt èh jmfm trmb zbfm gbhabhtma gbsjursufu
gbsjursufubb omu au vlrkbt gmsjebs gmsprm
gmsprm mŜmj. Hu mra jmva hmlkbŜhubt
hmlkbŜhubt sĊ auzb pm
jbhmva omhŪblhëhg prlbmjtmfm sau bhvmhŪbbfm jarm s-au glvmgbt mŜmjurb, èh tbop jm mxpfbjau èh jm ahuom jlhstĊ ouhja flr
sau vlrkmau gmsprm pasbuhbfm prlprbb. Ajmst fujru ob-a gat gm nëhgbt Ŝb, èh ajmfaŜb tbop, o-a boprmsblhat prlduhg.
Ao tras agëhj amr èh pbmpt, ob-ao spus runĊjbuhma vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb Ŝb ao aŜtmptat sĊ-ob vbhĊ rëhguf3 GĊ-ob, Glaohm,
juracuf sĊ apar èh daŪa jmflrfafŪb Ŝb sĊ oĊ daj èhŪmfmasĊ. Aplb, ju jëtmva smjuhgm èhabhtm sĊ dbu prmzmhtatĊ gm olgmratlr, o-
uh prmssm-papbmr gm
ao nëhgbt fa uh gm pm kbrluf omu, pm jarm m sjrbs3 ‘Jm-ab
‘Jm-ab afmnm sĊ dajb, gaj-ab Ŝtb jĊ mstm boplsbkbf
boplsbkbf sĊ gab
nrmŜ<" Ao afuhnat gbh obhtm ajmastĊ èhtrmkarm, ja sĊ-b daj flj aftmba. Bh tbop jm pĊŜmao pm sjmhĊ, ao spus èh ŜlaptĊ, gar
sudbjbmht gm tarm, ja sĊ dbu auzbtĊ3 ‘Jm omrbtĊ sĊ daj, Ŝb gajĊ vlb ga nrmŜ<"
ZbhjmrĊ sĊ dbu, hu-ob aobhtmsj oarm fujru gbh jm-ao spus atuhjb, gar, gupĊ jm s-a tmrobhat, mrao barĊŜb jlpfmŜbtĊ gm mdmjtmfm
vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb. Omrbtasm, larm, sĊ Ūbh ajma jlhdmrbhŪĊ, ju uh asmomhma mdmjt< DĊrĊ èhglbafĊ. Zuht pasblhatĊ gm ajtbvbtatma pm
jarm l daj Ŝb jrmg ju agmvĊrat èh fujrurbfm pm jarm fm-ao gmsjlpmrbt èh stugbbfm omfm. Jrmg jĊ gbsjuŪbbfm sbhjmrm gmsprm
vufhmrakbfbtatm Ŝb ruŜbhm plt sĊ sjebokm fuoma. Gbsjursurbfm omfm suht gmpartm gm a db pmrdmjtm, gar ao avut jurac sĊ jlklr
èh armhĊ Ŝb sĊ gau tlt jm ao mu oab kuh. Gbsplhbkbfbtatma gm a prbob astdmf gm jlhdruhtĊrb tm platm sjeboka èh bhtmrblr. Gmvbb,
puŪbh j ëtm p uŪbh, oab ju racls, gm dbm jarm gatĊ. Ob-m nrmu sĊ spuh juo sm oĊslarĊ sujjm suf sa u mŜmj uf uhu b
=7
gbsjurs, èhsĊ, atuhjb jëhg ao tmrobhat, ao Ŝtbut jĊ omrbtasm sĊ daj asta ‗ bhgbdmrmht gajĊ prmfmnmrma oma dusmsm uh mŜmj
sau gajĊ uroa sĊ dbu jrbtbjatĊ.
Fmlharg Jlemh spuhm, èh èh Eaffmfucae, jëhtmjuf
Eaffmfucae, jëhtmjuf sĊu3 ‘Bukbrma hu m uh oarŜ vbjtlrbls, m l runĊjbuhm spusĊ ju vljma stbhsĊ".
Bukbrma mstm l dlroĊ gm vufhmrakbfbtatm, bar, gajĊ èhfljubmŜtb juvëhtuf bukbrm ju vufhmrakbfbtatm
ju vufhmrakbfbtatm èh
èh vmrsuf gm oab sus, jmma jm
spuhm Jlemh rĊoëhm fa dmf gm agmvĊrat. Bhgbdmrmht
Bhgbdmrmht gajĊ suhb uh prbmtmh jarm a trmjut prbhtr-l tmrbkbfĊ
tmrbkbfĊ tranmgbm
tranmgbm sau Ūb-ab
gmsjebs prlprba adajmrm, bhgbdmrmht gajĊ sboŪb tmaoĊ sau trĊbmŜtb uh smhtbomht gm mfbkmrarm, vufhmrakbfbtatma mstm jma oab
oarm prlvljarm a vbmŪbb. M ja Ŝb juo vbaŪa èhsĊŜb tm-ar èhtrmka3 ‘MŜtb bopfbjat ju tltuf< YlŪb sĊ-Ūb prmŪubmŜtb vufhmrakbfbtatma
fa dmf gm ouft, pm jët l prmŪubmŜtb fa jmbfafŪb<" ZĊ rĊspuhzb adbroatbv fa ajmstm èhtrmkĊrb hu èhsmaohĊ sĊ dbb sfak0 èhsmaohĊ sĊ
dbb pmstm oĊsurĊ gm juracls. èhsmaohĊ sĊ èhgrĊzhmŜtb ju lrbjm prmŪ. Gm ouftm lrb, rmzuftatuf uhmb èhgrĊzhmfb hmoĊsuratm hu
mstm uh oarŜ af vbjtlrbmb, jb oab gmnrakĊ uh smhtbomht fbhbŜtbt gm fbkmrtatm, aomstmjat ju lklsmafa gm gupĊ fuptĊ.
Obtuf hr. ;0 Hu stĊ èh dbrma oma sĊ dbu vufhmrakbf

Jëhg mrao jlpbb, jrmgmao
jrmgmao jĊ, atuhjb
atuhjb jëhg vlo db oarb, hu vlo oab db vufhmrakbfvufhmrakbfb.
b. Gar
oaturbtatma èhsmaohĊ sĊ-Ūb ajjmpŪb vufhmrakbfbtatma. ZĊ dbb vbu èhsmaohĊ sĊ dbb vufhmrakbf.
Oagmfmbhm F'Mhnfm
GmdbhbŪba Ŝb mxmopfmfm gm pëhĊ ajuo daj oab uŜlarĊ sarjbha gm a gmolhta af glbfma obt af vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb. Ao auzbt, gm
hmhuoĊratm lrb, spuhëhgu-sm3 ‘Wmoa mstm bhtmrmsahtĊ, gar vufhmrakbfbtatma hu oĊ jarajtmrbzmazĊ". Agmsma, rmoarja mstm
‗ hlb hu
èhslŪbtĊ gm l mxpfbjaŪbm jarm gbdmrĊ èh duhjŪbm gm smxuf sau prldmsba jmfub jm ob sm agrmsmazĊ3 ‘Zuht bhnbhmr ‗ hlb hu suhtmo
1 )MOAZJA[MA OBW][BFL[ T]FHM[AKBFBWċūBB
==
pmrslah m vufhmra kbfm"0 ‘Zuht avlja t ‗ omsmrba oma m sĊ pëhgms j vufhmra kbfbtatm a agvmrs arufub" 0 ‘KĊrka Ūbb hu suht
vufhmrakbfb". èhŪmfmn pmrdmjt ajmst tbp gm rĊspuhs. Hu suht kĊrkat, hbjb bhnbhmr, hbjb avljat, gar fujrurb asmoĊhĊtlarm ao
spus Ŝb mu lgatĊ. Gbh pĊjatm, hu hm putmo vbhgmja gm vufhmrakbfbtatm. Hu avmo juo sjĊpa gm bhjmrtbtugbhm, gm smhtbomhtuf
rbsjufub Ŝb gm mxpuhmrma molŪblhafĊ, strëhs fmnatm gm mxpmrbmhŪmfm hlastrm jltbgbmhm. TbaŪa èhsmaohĊ vufhmrakbfbtatm.
ZĊ hm ubtĊo èhjĊ l gatĊ pm fbsta ju mxmopfmfm ldmrbtm gm partbjbpahŪbb fa stugbbfm omfm. Ajmstma suht prlvljĊrbfm ju jarm hm
jlhdruhtĊo prbh sbopfuf dapt jĊ suhtmo vbb, jĊ avmo rmfaŪbb ju jmbfafŪb laomhb, jĊ avmo fmnĊturb molŪblhafm prlduhgm. Jebar
gajĊ afmnmo sĊ hu hm bopfbjĊo èh rmfaŪbb, sĊ hm èhstrĊbhĊo gm jmbfafŪb, ja l dlroĊ gm autl-prltmjŪbm, asta hu sjebokĊ daptuf
jĊ suhtmo vbb Ŝb jĊ sm va èhtëopfa sĊ dbo vufhmrakbfb.
B )ajĊ dajb partm gbhtrm jmb jarm jrmg jĊ vufhmrakbfbtatma hu-b jarajtmrbzmazĊ, ar db kbhm sĊ-Ūb pub èhtrmkĊrbfm gm oab cls. GajĊ
bhtr-agmvĊr hu Ŝtbb rĊspuhsurbfm, apmfmazĊ ju èhjrmgmrm fa l pmrslahĊ aprlpbatĊ ‗ prlkakbf jĊ va db èh oĊsurĊ sĊ tm acutm (s-
ar putma, tltuŜb, sĊ hu-Ūb pfajĊ jm auzb)3
B. Juo rmajŪblhmz, atuhjb jëhg oĊ sbot mxpus gbh puhjt gm vmgmrm molŪblhaf< 1. Juo
1. Juo oĊ
jloplrt, atuhjb jëhg oĊ sbot dlartm stëhcmhbt Ŝb hmsbnur< F Jët gm gbspus suht sĊ-ob asuo rbsjurb
pm pfa h molŪb lhaf<
èhabhtm sĊ stugbmz vufhmrakbfbtatma, aŜ db rĊspuhs fa jmfm trmb èhtrmkĊrb èh dmfuf uroĊtlr3 B B Zuht spmrbatĊ, durblasĊ, jrbtbjĊ,
autlrbtarĊ, jaut sĊ daj tltuf pmrdmjt, oĊ jlhvbhn jĊ suht sbnurĊ pm obhm.
' Zuht spmrbatĊ, durblasĊ, jrbtbjĊ, autlrbtarĊ, jaut sĊ daj tltuf pmrdmjt, oĊ jlhvbhn jĊ suht sbnurĊ pm obhm.
=4
:. Fa ouhjĊ ‗ dlartm rmtbjmhtĊ, gajĊ sm èhtëopfĊ sĊ dbu jrbtbjatĊ, mvafuatĊ, èhvbhlvĊŪbtĊ sau sĊ rmsbot ruŜbhm. Bar jëhg èob
asuo rbsjurb molŪblhafm ju laomhb granb obm, suht èhtltgmauha jlpfmŜbtĊ gm tmaoa ja hu juova sĊ sm èhtëopfm jmva
rĊu ‗ Ŝb asta èob gbstrunm lrbjm kujurbm pm jarm aŜ sboŪb-l èh olg hlroaf. (Tlb aklrga ajmastĊ jemstbuhm èh japbtlfuf
7, Aroura
7, Aroura èopltrbva vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb.)
Mstm utbf sĊ hm agrmsĊo
agrmsĊo ajmstm èhtrmkĊrb, dbbhgjĊ
dbbhgjĊ ‗ gupĊ juo sm platm vmgma gbh rĊspuhsurbfm
rĊspuhsurbfm omfm ‗, bhgbdmrmht
bhgbdmrmht gajĊ
rmjuhlaŜtmo
rmjuhlaŜtmo sau hu jĊ suhtmo vufhmrakbfb,
vufhmrakbfb, vufhmrakbfbtatma
vufhmrakbfbtatma sm dajm sboŪbtĊ
sboŪbtĊ èh dmfuf èh jarm hm jloplrtĊo.
jloplrtĊo. Atuhjb jëhg
susŪbhmo
susŪbhmo jĊ putmo mvbta sĊ dbo vufhmrakbfb
vufhmrakbfb,, hm jloplrtĊo,
jloplrtĊo, gm ouftm
ouftm lrb, èhtr-uh olg jarm hu jlrmspuhgm
jlrmspuhgm ju boanbhma
boanbhma
pmrslah mb jarm vrmo sĊ dbo. Hu hm stĊ èh putmrb sĊ afmnmo sĊ dbo sau hu vufhmra kbfb ‗ sbhnur a afmnm rm mstm juo vlo
rmajŪblha jëhg hm vlo jlhdruhta ju bhjmrtbtugbhma, rbsjuf Ŝb mxpuhmrma molŪblhafĊ. Ymrslhaf, suht l oarm agobratlarm a
dlroaŪbmb [use, bar ajuo parm olomhtuf pltrbvbt sĊ jbtmz uh vmrs gbh jëhtmjuf flr, Drmmwbff (Fbkmr-arkbtru)3 ‘GajĊ afmnb sĊ
hu bmb hbjb l gmjbzbm, tlt ab dĊjut l afmnmrm*.
èh japbtlfuf 7, vlb ahafbza oab èhgmaprlapm jloplrtaomhtmfm jlhŜtbmhtm Ŝb bhjlhŜtbmhtm fa jarm rmjurnmo ja sĊ hm prltmcĊo
pm hlb èhŜbhm, jëhg sljltbo jĊ hu suhtmo vufhmra kbfb.
Obtuf hr. :3 ZĊ dbb vufhmrakbf èhsmaohĊ sĊ rmhuhŪb fa bhtbobtatm

Gbhtrm tlatm èhtrmkĊrbfm jarm ob sm puh, l partm sm rmdmrĊ fa juftura hlastrĊ , a gmstĊbhu brbflr. Hu mxbstĊ sbtuaŪbb gm
vufhmrakbfbtatm mxjmsbvĊ, jëhg laomhbb sm mxpuh prma ouft, vlrkbhg èh pukfbj, rmhuhŪëhg prajtbj fa bhtbobtatm< Asmomhma
èhtrmkĊrb suht uroatm, bhmvbtakbf, gm mxmopfm gbh fuoma jmfmkrbtĊŪbflr3 Jm pĊrmrm avmŪb gmsprm ajtrbŪa jutarm, jarm a plstat
pm Wwbttmr
GMOAZJA[MA OBW][BFL[ T]FHM[AKBFBWċūBB

=>
uh omsac gmsprm tmhtatbva gm sbhujbgmrm a slŪufub mb< Zau gmsprm jmfmkrbtĊŪbfm gbh rmafbty selw-uh, jarm vlrkmsj gmsprm
fujrurb dlartm bhtbom gbh vbaŪa flr sau a jlpbbflr flr<
Tufhmrakbfbtatma sm kazmazĊ pm rmjbprljbtatm Ŝb bopfbjĊ èhjrmgmrm Ŝb fbobtm stakbfbtm gm jlouh ajlrg. Tufhmrakbfbtatma hu
èhsmaohĊ sĊ èopĊrtĊŜmŜtb prma ouft, sĊ gab drëu fbkmr molŪbbflr, sĊ gmzvĊfub lrbjm, fa èhtëopfarm. Řb h-arm fmnĊturĊ ju
oufŪboma gm bhdlroaŪbb brmfmvahtm gmsprm vbaŪa jmfmkrbtĊŪbflr, jarm hm asaftmazĊ gbh gbh oass-omgba. Tufhmrakbfbtatma
oass-omgba. Tufhmrakbfbtatma bhtmrvbhm
jëhg èŪb èopĊrtĊŜmŜtb trĊbrbfm Ŝb mxpmrbmhŪmfm ju laomhb jarm Ŝb-au jëŜtbnat grmptuf sĊ fm asjuftm. ZĊ dbb vufhmrakbf Ŝb gmsjebs
prmsupu hm rm jbprlj btatm Ŝb jl hstbtubm partm bhtmnra htĊ gb h prlj msuf gm jëŜ tbnarm a èhj rmgmrb b.
Hu p utmo avma èhtltgm auha narahŪ bb, èhabhtm sĊ èhgrĊz hbo sĊ è opĊrtĊŜ bo j ubva fujrur b bop lrtaht m gm sprm hlb èhŜbhm, fltuŜb,
hu hm puhmo sudfmtuf pm tavĊ èhjĊ gm prboa gatĊ jëhg juhlaŜtmo pm jbhmva. Juo ar db sĊ èhjmp astdmf l jlhvmrsaŪbm3 ‘Zafut,
oĊ jemaoĊ Krmhm, eab sĊ-Ūb plvmstmsj jm oĊ drĊoëhtĊ pm obhm jmf oab ouft"< Asta hu èhsmaohĊ vufhmrakbfbtatm. Jbhmva
rmjurnm fa uh asmomhma olg gm jlouhbjarm gbh gbspmrarm lrb gajĊ mstm rĊhbt sudfmtmŜtm, lrb jëhg jautĊ sĊ jëŜtbnm atmhŪba
jmflr gbh cur0 gar asta hu èhsmaohĊ
èhsmaohĊ jĊ mstm vufhmrakbf.
vufhmrakbf. Gm jm< DbbhgjĊ a èopĊrtĊŜb
èopĊrtĊŜb èh olg juopĊhbt, èh ahuobtm fbobtm, fbobtm,
èhsmaohĊ a èopĊrtĊŜb ju pmrslahmfm ju jarm ao gmzvlftat rmfaŪbb jm plt sĊ suplrtm nrmutatma juvbhtmflr rlstbtm gm hlb. Atuhjb
jëhg vufhmrakbfbtat
vufhmrakbfbtatma
ma mstm rmjbprljĊ,
rmjbprljĊ, rmzuftatuf gmvbhm l aprlduhgarm
aprlduhgarm a èhjrmgmrbb,
èhjrmgmrbb, a fmnĊturbb
fmnĊturbb admjtbvm Ŝb a bopfbjĊrbb
bopfbjĊrbb èh
rmfaŪba rmspmjtbvĊ.
Tufhmrakbfbtatma dĊrĊ rmspmjtarma fbobtmflr gujm fa èhstrĊbharm, hmèhjrmgmrm Ŝb gmtaŜarm molŪblhafĊ. Gm dapt, aŜa juo vlb
arĊta èh japbtlfuf 7, a gmstĊbhub sau a gmzvĊfub, dĊrĊ sĊ Ūbb jlht gm fbobtm, mstm l olgafbtatm prbh jarm tm prltmcmzb gm
agmvĊrata vufhmrakbfbtatm. Mxjms gm vufhmrakbfbtatm hu èhsmaohĊ jĊ ldmrb
=5
prma ouftm bhdlroa Ūbb ‗ vufhmr akbfbta tma gbsparm ju tltuf, jëhg laomhbb trmj gm fa a db db vufhmrakbfb fa
fa a sm dlflsb gm
vufhmrakbfbtatm, pmhtru a dajm daŪĊ hmvlbflr hmèopfbhbtm, pmhtru a fm lkŪbhm atmhŪba jmflr gbh cur sau pmhtru a prlvlja rmajŪbb
gm Ŝlj Ŝb ubobrm ‗ fujrurb gmvmhbtm lkbŜhubtm èh juftura gm azb.
Ymhtru a gmolhta obtuf pltrbvbt jĊruba vufhmrakbfbtatma èhsmaohĊ sĊ-Ūb èopĊrtĊŜmŜtb smjrmtmfm prboufub vmhbt, vlb aklrga èh
jlhtbhuarm jemstbuhma èhjrmgmrbb.
Jëhg vlrkmsj èh daŪa uhlr nrupurb gmsprm boplrtahŪa vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb, suht pltlpbtĊ ju èhtrmkĊrb gmsprm hmvlba gm a avma
èhjrmgmrm3
• Juo sĊ sĊ adfu gajĊ
gajĊ plt
plt sĊ ao èhjrmg
èhjrmgmrm
mrm èh jbhm
jbhmva
va sudbjb
sudbjbmht
mht gm ouft
ouft,, èhjët
èhjët sĊ-ob
sĊ-ob pmrobt
pmrobt sĊ dbu
dbu
vufhmrakbf(Ċ)<
• Zuht vufhmrakbf(
vufhmrakbf(Ċ)
Ċ) èh daŪa jubva huoab atuhjb,
atuhjb, jëhg Ŝtbu sbnur jĊ hu-ob
hu-ob va dajm
dajm hbjblgat
hbjblgatĊĊ rĊu<
rĊu<
• Juo
Juo Ŝtb
Ŝtbbb jĊ
jĊ tm
tm pl
pl ŪbŪb kaz
ka zaa pm
pm jbh
jbhmv
mva<
a<
• Juo
Juo sĊ
sĊ jlhs
jlhstr
trub
ubmŜ
mŜtb tb l rmf
rmfaŪ
aŪbm
bm gm èhjr
èhjrmg
mgmrm
mrm<<
Tmstma kuhĊ mstm jĊ, èh jmrjmtĊrbfm pm jarm fm-ao dĊjut, mxbstĊ rĊspuhsurb fa asmomhma èhtrmkĊrb. Tmstma prlastĊ3 hm
jlhdruhtĊo
jlhdruhtĊo abjb ju l prlkfmoĊ gm nmhuf3 ‘Jm a apĊrut oab èhtëb, luf sau nĊbha<" nĊbha<" ZboŪbo
ZboŪbo hmvlba sĊ jĊpĊtĊo èhjrmgmrm,
èhjrmgmrm,
èhabhtm sĊ dbo vufhmrakbfb, èhsĊ, pm gm aftĊ partm, trmkubm oab èhtëb sĊ dbo vufhmrakbfb, pmhtru a acuhnm sĊ avmo èhjrmgmrm èh
jbhmva.
Hu mxbstĊ hbjb uh tmst pmhtru èhjrmg mrm Ŝb h bjb uh sbstmo gm puhjta rm sau gm smohaf bzarm , jarm sĊ hm spuhĊ jëhg suhtmo èh
sbnurahŪĊ,
sbnurahŪĊ, sau jĊ hm putmo gmzvĊfub pm hlb èhŜbhm jmfubfaft.
jmfubfaft. YartbjbpahŪbb
YartbjbpahŪbb fa stugbbfm
stugbbfm omfm au gmsjrbs èhjrmgmrma ja pm uh
prljms jarm sm j lhstrubm Ŝtm èhjmt, prmsupu hm oab ouftm mtapm Ŝb sm gmsdĊŜl arĊ èh tb op. èh d aobfba hlastrĊ , d lflsbo omtadl ra
‘klfufub ju kbfm jlflratm", atuhjb jëhg hm rmdmrbo fa èhjrmgmrm.
B )@OAZJA[MA OBW][BFL[ T]FHM[AKBFBWċūBB

=2
(3ëhg mra èh jfasa a trmba, Mffmh a sboŪbt pmhtru prboa gatĊ jm èhsmaohĊ sĊ-b dbm èhŜmfatĊ èhjrmgmrma. (èh ouftm Ŝjlfb prboarm,
bhtrarma èh jfasa a trmba mstm uh mvmhbomht boplrtaht pmhtru jlpbb, dbbhgjĊ sm trmjm gm fa nrĊgbhbŪĊ fa Ŝjlafa prlprbu-zbsĊ.)
èhtr-l rmjrmaŪbm, b-a plvmstbt uhmb prbmtmhm gbh jfasa mb l èhtëopfarm aouzahtĊ, gar puŪbh stëhcmhbtlarm, jarm b sm èhtëopfasm
oab gmvrmom, èh ajmmaŜb zb. Fa lra prëhzufub, tlatm dmtmfm gbh jfasĊ èb Ŝtbau gmca smjrmtuf Ŝb l fuau pmstm pbjblr. A dlst l fmjŪbm
boplrtahtĊ Ŝb tltlgatĊ gurmrlasĊ pmhtru ma, dbbhgjĊ, pëhĊ èh ajmf olomht, hu sm nëhgbsm hbjblgatĊ j-ar db putut jbhmva sĊ-b
dajĊ aŜa jmva.
Jëhg a acuhs ajasĊ, Mffmh a bzkujhbt èh pfëhs Ŝb ob-a spus jĊ hu oab plvmstma hboĊhub, hbobj, hbjblgatĊ. Mra dlartm, dlartm
rĊhbtĊ. Ob sm rupma bhboa, asjuftëhg-l. Jmma jm èhrĊutĊŪbsm Ŝb oab ouft sbtuaŪba, ob-a spus Mffmh, dusmsm jĊ dmtmfm èhjĊ oab
rëgmau gm ma, jëhg sm èhtlrsmsmrĊ èh jfasĊ, astdmf jĊ èhvĊŪĊtlarma fm smparasm Ŝb sjlsmsm jëtmva kbfm jlflratm gbh klf.
èhvĊŪĊtlarma fub Mffmh avma uh vas oarm gm stbjfĊ, pm jarm ma Ŝb jlpbbb èf gmhuobsmrĊ ‘klfuf ju kbfm jlflratm '. Jebar fëhnĊ
klf, mra l puh nĊ gm kbfm jlflra tm, bar jëhg jlpbbb aglpta u jlo plrtaom htm plzbtbv m, è hvĊŪĊt larma èb r mjlopm hsa, puhëhg jëtm
l kbfĊ èh klf. Jëhg sm jloplrtau bopufsbv, èhjĊfjau rmnufbfm sau hu mrau atmhŪb, èhvĊŪĊtlarma sjltma jëtmva kbfm gbh klf.
GajĊ klfuf sm uopfma, mfmvbb mrau rmjlopmhsaŪb ju l pmtrmjmrm.
Lrbjët gm ouft ob-ao glrbt s-l bau èh kraŪm pm Mffmh Ŝb sĊ-b spuh fa urmjem3 ‘Ab grmptatm! Hu fm oab spuhm hbobj! AŜa, h-lr
së tm oab rĊhmasjĊ hbjblgatĊ",
hbjblgatĊ", ob-ao stĊpëhbt
stĊpëhbt durba Ŝb èhnrbclrarma
èhnrbclrarma Ŝb ao èhjmrjat
èhjmrjat sĊ-ob gau smaoa gm juo sĊ-b vlrkmsj
gmsprm
gmsprm èhjrmgmrm Ŝb jm èhsmaohĊ
èhsmaohĊ sĊ ab l fmnĊturĊ prlduhgĊ
prlduhgĊ ju jmfĊfaft. Ym jëhg oĊ èhtrmkao
èhtrmkao jarm ar db dlst jma oab kuhĊ
olgafbtatm gm a-b vlrkb gm mxpmrbmhŪa oma fmnatĊ gm èhjrmgmrm Ŝb jm gmsjlpmrbsmo, èh stugbbfm omfm, gmsprm ajmst fujru, o-ao
nëhgbt fa klfuf ju kbfm jlflratm. ]h mxmopfu pmrdmjt!
49
f-ao spus fub Mffmh sĊ sm nëhgmasjĊ fa rmfaŪbbfm mb gm prbmtmhbm ja fa hbŜtm klfurb ju kbfm jlflratm. Gm dbmjarm gatĊ jëhg
jmfĊfaft tm acutĊ, m kuh ju tbhm, èŪb ba apĊrarma sau prmŪubmŜtm daptuf jĊ b-ab èopĊrtĊŜbt jmva dlartm pmrslhaf, pub hbŜtm kbfm èh
klf. Bar jëhg jmfĊfa ft m rĊutĊ jbls, hmrmsp mjtuls sau hu Ŝtbm sĊ ŪbhĊ uh smjrmt , sjlŪb jëtmv a kbfm. Jëhg ao èhtrm kat-l gajĊ
èhŪmfmsmsm jm-b spusmsmo, ma a gat gbh jap èhjëhtatĊ Ŝb a mxjfaoat3 ‘YĊb, ao jlfmnb jarm suht ja hbŜtm klfurb pfbhm gm kbfm
jlflratm!"
Jëhg b-ao jmrut sĊ-ob plvmstmasjĊ gmsprm asta, ob-a vlrkbt gmsprm patru jlfmnb pm jarm sm putma kaza lrbjëhg, jarm-b Ŝtbau
jëtmva smjrmtm Ŝb hu fm-ar db spus hboĊhub aftjubva, Ŝb jarm-b spusmsmrĊ, fa rëhguf flr, jëtmva gbhtrm smjrmtmfm flr pmrslhafm.
‘AjmŜtba suht jlfmnbb jarm o-au bhvbtat sĊ stau ju mb fa oasa gm fa jahtbhĊ, jebar gajĊ au dlst jemoaŪb fa omsmfm jlpbbflr oab
kbhm vĊ zuŪb."
A dlst uh olomht mxtralrgbhar, pmhtru aoëhgluĊ. Jëhg ao èhtrmkat-l pm Mffmh juo gmvmhbsmrĊ jlfmnbb mb ‘klfurb pfbhm gm
kbfm jlflra tm", a stat pm nëhgur b jëtmv a olomhtm Ŝb ob-a spus3 ‘Hu Ŝtbu. Gar prbmtm hbb tĊb, juo Ŝb-au jëŜtbna t kbfmfm
jlflratm<"
jlflratm<" GupĊ jm hm-ao oab nëhgbt uh pbj, aoëhgluĊ
aoëhgluĊ ao èhjmput
èhjmput sĊ hm rĊspuhgmo èh ajmfaŜb tbop. BatĊ jëtmva gbhtrm
rĊspuhsurbfm fub Mffmh3
• Ř tbu sĊ
sĊ ŪbŪbhĊ sm
smj rmtm .
• èob sp
spuh sm smjrm tm
tm fm
fm fl
flr.
• èŜb
èŜb agu
agujj aobaobht
htm,
m, jëhg
jëhg m zbua
zbua oma
oma gmgm haŜ
haŜtmr
tmrm!
m!
• èb juh
juh lsj
lsj p m k uhuh bju
bjuff Ŝb
Ŝb pm
pm ku
ku hbj
hbja.
a.
• Au nrbcĊ
nrbcĊ èhtltg
èhtltgmau
mauha ha sĊ oĊ bhjf
bhjfugĊ
ugĊ Ŝb
Ŝb pm obhm
obhm,, jëhg
jëhg daj uh clj
clj bhtm
bhtmrms
rmsaht
aht..
• èŜb
èŜb gau
gau smao
smaoaa jëhg
jëhg suht
suht trbs
trbstĊ
tĊ Ŝb vlr
vlr sĊ
sĊ Ŝtbm
Ŝtbm gm jm.
jm.
• Jëhg
Jëhg fbpsms
fbpsmsjj gm fa Ŝjlaf
ŜjlafĊ,
Ċ, pmhtru
pmhtru jĊ
jĊ suht
suht klfhav
klfhavĊ,
Ċ, fm rlanĊ
rlanĊ pm oaom
oaomfm
fm flr
flr sĊ tmfmdl
tmfmdlhmzm
hmzm,, ja sĊ
èhtrmkm jm-b ju obhm.
1 8@OAZJA[MA OBW][BFL[ T]FHM[AKBFBWċūBB
41
Bar rĊspuhsurbfm
rĊspuhsurbfm omfm< Mxajt ajmfmaŜb (ju gbdmrmhŪa jĊ, pmhtru pmhtru obhm,
‘kuhbjuf" Ŝb ‘kuhbja" suht Gmahhm Ŝb Gavbg, oaoa Ŝb tatĊf omu vbtrmn).
Jëhg oaoa vbhm fa uhuf gbhtrm mvmhbomhtmfm lrnahbzatm pmhtru Mffmh sau
Jearfbm, èob pfajm ouft jëhg èf aug pm uhuf sau aftuf gbhtrm prbmtmhbb omb
spuhëhg3 ‘KuhĊ,
B )mahhm! OĊ kujur sĊ tm vĊg." OĊ nëhgmsj atuhjb3 ‘A Ūbhut obhtm
huomfm
huomfm oaomb omfm. Ymhtru ma, jlhtmz gmstuf gmstuf gm ouft,
ouft, èhjët sĊ ajlrgm
atmhŪbm uhlr asmomhma fujrurb."
èhjrmgmrma sm jlhstrubmŜtm tlt agĊunëhg, uha jëtm uha, kbfmfm jlflratm.
Gbfmoa ‘luf sau nĊbha<" aparm atuhjb jëhg hm nëhgbo fa bhvmstbŪba Ŝb
ajtuf gm jrmgbhŪĊ hmjmsarm, èhjĊ èhabhtm ja prljmsuf gm jlhstrubrm a
rmfaŪbmb sĊ èhjmapĊ. èhvĊŪĊtlarma hu spusmsm3 ‘Tlb juopĊra klfuf Ŝb kbfmfm
jlflratm, huoab atuhjb jëhg vlb Ŝtb sbnur jĊ tlŪb mfmvbb gbh jfasĊ bau
èoprmuhĊ gmjbzbb jlrmjtm". Klfuf mra ajlfl èhjĊ gbh prboa zb gm ŜjlafĊ.
Gm dapt, pëhĊ fa sdërŜbtuf prbomb
prbomb zbfm gm ŜjlafĊ, sm aguhasmrĊ
aguhasmrĊ gmca oab
ouftm kbfm pm duhguf klfufub. Řb hbjb jlpbbb hu spusmsmrĊ3 ‘Hu vrmo sĊ
dbo asjuftĊtlrb,
asjuftĊtlrb, dbbhgjĊ h-l jrmgmo pm glaoha èhvĊŪĊtlarm
èhvĊŪĊtlarm jĊ va puhm
kbfm jlflra tm è h klf". Gbopltrb vĊ, sm s trĊgub smrĊ Ŝb aj jmptas mrĊ mhtuzba Ŝtb
bgmma ju klfuf Ŝb kbfmfm jlflratm, kazëh- gu-sm pm juvëhtuf èhvĊŪĊtlarmb.
]huf gbhtrm spmjbafbŜtb
spmjbafbŜtbbb gbh glomhbuf rmfaŪbbflr
rmfaŪbbflr bhtmruoahm,
bhtmruoahm, pm jarm-f
aprmjbmz jmf oab ouft, mstm Cleh Nlttoah. Mstm jlhsbgmrat jmf oab
boplrtaht jmrjmtĊtlr èh glomhbuf rmfaŪbbflr gm jupfu, gatlrbtĊ fujrĊrbflr
safm gm pblhbmrat, dlartm bhdfumhtm Ŝb sjrbsm èhtr-uh stbf ajjmsbkbf, gmsprm
juo rmfaŪblhĊo jlhstrubo l rmfaŪbm. Jartma sa, ŘtbbhŪa èhjrmgmrbb.
rmfaŪblhĊo Ŝb jlhstrubo èhjrmgmrbb.
Acustarma molŪblhafĊ a jupfurbflr, mstm
jupfurbflr, mstm uha pfbhĊ gm èhŪmfmpjbuhm Ŝb gm
bgmb prlduhgm, rmdmrbtlarm fa ahatloba Ŝb jlhstrubrma èhjrmgmrbb. Yuhjtuf
gm vmgmrm af fub Nlttoah èh fmnĊturĊ ju jlhstrubrma smhtbomhtufub gm
èhjrmgmrm èh rmfaŪba gm bukbrm jlhjlrgĊ ju jlhjfuzba fa jarm ao acuhs Ŝb
mu, èh stugbbfm omfm.
BatĊ uh dranomht
dranomht gbhtr-uh artbjlf pukfbjat
pukfbjat pm s/dm-uf
s/dm-uf ]hbvmrsbtĊŪ
]hbvmrsbtĊŪbb
bb statufub Jafbdlrhba
Jafbdlrhba gm fa Kmr`mfmy ( www.nrmatmrnllg
www.nrmatmrnllg..
kmr`mf my.mgu)3
Ao gmsjlpmrbt
gmsjlpmrbt èh stugbbfm
stugbbfm omfm jĊ èhjrmgmrma
èhjrmgmrma sm dlromazĊ
dlromazĊ èh olomhtm
olomhtm gm dlartm sjurtĊ guratĊ,
guratĊ, pm jarm fm-ao
huobt ‘olomhtm gm tbp uŜĊ nfbsahta',
nfbsahta', gupĊ dbfouf ]Ŝbfm
dbfouf ]Ŝbfm nfbsahtm. èh
nfbsahtm. èh lrbjm bhtmrajŪbuhm, mxbstĊ l plsbkbfbtatm gm a
èhtĊrb rmfaŪba ju partmhmruf sau gm a tm èhgmpĊrta gm mf.
BatĊ uh mxmopfu gbh rmfaŪba oma gm jupfu. èhtr-l hlaptm, Ūbhmao hmapĊrat sĊ tmrobh gm jbtbt uh rloah plfbŪbst.
Jrmgmao jĊ gmsjlpmrbsmo jrbobhafuf Ŝb mrao hmrĊkgĊtlr sĊ vmrbdbj gajĊ avmao sau hu grmptatm. Fa uh olomht
gat, ao pus gmlpartm jartma Ŝb o-ao gus fa kabm. Jëhg ao trmjut prbh grmptuf lnfbhzbb, ao vĊzut boanbhma
jebpufub slŪbmb omfm ‗ mra jmva trbst èh mxprmsba mb Ŝb èh dmfuf èh jarm sm pbmptĊha. BatĊ, ajmfa mra uh olomht gm
tbp ‘uŜĊ nfbsahtĊ"!
Avmao
Avmao gm afms. Yutmao bmŜb tbptbf gbh kabm, nëhgbhgu-oĊ3
nëhgbhgu-oĊ3 ‘H-ao hbjb uh jemd sĊ oĊ jlhdruht jlhdruht ju starma mb gm
trbstmŪm èh smara asta0 vrmau sĊ tmrobh jartma". èh sjebok, pmhtru jĊ stugbmz rmfaŪbbfm Ŝb, pm gmasupra, oab suht Ŝb l
pmrsla hĊ mopatbj Ċ, ao prljmg at aftdmf 3 oao aprlpb at gm slŪba oma, b-ao fuat pmrba gbh oëhĊ Ŝb ao èhtrmka t-l3
‘Jm m ju tbhm, sjuopl<" Řb ao adfat gm jm mra supĊratĊ, èh ajmf olomht, ao agĊunat èhjĊ l jĊrĊobgĊ fa mgbdbjbuf
èhjrmgmrbb0 mrao ajlfl, fëhnĊ ma, nata s-l acut. èh flj sĊ oĊ nëhgmsj glar fa jm-ob glrmao mu, ao afms
jlouhbjarma ju ma. Jebar ajmstma suht olomhtmfm, ao gmsjlpmrbt, jarm jlhstrubmsj èhjrmgmrma.
KbhmèhŪmfms, hu dbmjarm asmomhma olomht m gmjbsbv, gar, gajĊ afmnb omrmu sĊ-b èhtlrjb spatmfm partmhmrufub, asta
va gujm, èhjmtuf ju èhjmtuf, fa mrlgarma èhjrmgmrbb.
Jëhg hm nëhgbo fa trĊgarm prbh prbsoa omtadlrmb klfufub ju kbfm jlflratm, jmb oab oufŪb gbhtrm hlb sm nëhgmsj fa jbhmva èh
B 8M OAZJA[MA OBW][BFL[ T]FHM[AKBFBWċūBB 4:

jarm au èhjrmgmrm Ŝb jarm dajm uh fujru atët gm èhnrlzbtlr, èhjët 11 dlrŪmazĊ sĊ aruhjm tlatm kbfmfm gbh klf. Jarm m jma oab rma dlroĊ
gm trĊgarm, fa jarm s-ar putma nëhgb jbhmva< Jëhg mf 9 èhŜafĊ ju jma oab kuhĊ prbmtmhĊ a mb. Jëhg ma èf obhtm, fmnat gm juo a
jemftubt kahbb. Jëhg mf sau ma a afms pm aftjbhmva èh fljuf mb sau fub. Jëhg jbhmva sm dlflsmŜtm gm vufhmrakbfbtatma uhmb
pmrsla hm, ja s -l d ajĊ sĊ s udmrm (uh ajt gm t rĊgar m m olŪblhaf Ċ, j arm-b èopbhnm pm j mb oa b ou fŪb gb htrm hlb s Ċ tr ëhtma sjĊ elfuf
gm pĊoëht, hu glar sĊ sjlatĊ jëtmva kbfm gbh mf). Wlatm ajmstma suht
trĊgĊrb dlartm gurmrlasm, bhtr-agmvĊr, gar mxbstĊ uh ajt gm trĊgarm spmjbdbj, oab bhsbgbls Ŝb fa dmf gm jlrlzbv pmhtru smhtbomhtuf gm
èhjrmgmrm.
1 )m dapt, ajmastĊ dlroĊ gm trĊgarm sm bvmŜtm ju ouft èhabhtma jmflrfaftm. OĊ rmdmr fa gmtaŜarma molŪblhafĊ èhtr-l rmfaŪbm. Fa
hmpĊsarm. Fa fbpsa prmljupĊrbb pmhtru aprlduhgarma fmnĊturbb .bdmjtbvm. Fa fbpsa vlbhŪmb gm a-b gmgbja rmfaŪbmb tbop Ŝb mdlrt, t
uvëhtuf trĊgarm mvljĊ
uvëhtuf trĊgarm mvljĊ sbtuaŪbbfm èh jarm uhuf gbhtrm partmhmrb èhŜafĊ, obhtm, èhjafjĊ uh smjrmt, hu-Ŝb apĊrĊ partmhmruf, jëhg m
vlrkbt gm rĊu, Ŝb afmnm sĊ susŪbhĊ pm aftjbhmva èh fljuf partmhmrufub. Ajmstm jloplrtaomhtm rmprmzbhtĊ dlrom gm BrĊgarm a
èhjrmgmrbb, kbhmèhŪmfms, gar hu suht sbhnurmfm. GajĊ ar db sĊ afmn dlroa gm trĊgarm jmf oab gms èhtëfhbtĊ, pltrbvbt stugbbflr
omfm, Ŝb jma oab pmrbjuflasĊ pmhtru smhtbomhtuf gm èhjrmgmrm, gat dbbhg jĊ-f rlagm trmptat, aŜ spuhm jĊ mstm gmtaŜarma
molŪblhafĊ.
J bëhg jmb pm jarm-b bukbo sau jmb ju jarm avmo l fmnĊturĊ prlduhgĊ acuhn bhgbdmrmhŪb, hu hm oab ajlrgĊ atmhŪbm, hu sm oab
bopfbjĊ Ŝb hu oab fuptĊ pmhtru rmfaŪbm, èhjrmgmrma èhjmpm sĊ gbsparĊ Ŝb, èh fljuf mb, aparm sudmrbhŪa. GmtaŜarma molŪblhafĊ
gmjfahŜmazĊ ruŜbhma Ŝb uha gbhtrm tmomrbfm hlastrm jmfm oab oarb ‗ drbja gm a db akahglhat, tmaoa jĊ suhtmo fbpsbŪb gm
vaflarm Ŝb jĊ hu omrbtĊo sĊ dbo bukbŪb. Jmma jm dajm ja ajmastĊ flroĊ asjuhsĊ gm trĊgarm sĊ dbm uha oab pmrbjuflasĊ gmjët l
47
obhjbuhĊ sau l avmhturĊ mstm daptuf jĊ hu putmo sĊ spuhmo jarm mstm jauza sudmrbhŪmb hlastrm ‗ hu mxbstĊ l èhtëopfarm
ahuom, jarm sĊ smrvmasjĊ grmpt glvagĊ a trĊgĊrbb. Jmma jm-f platm aruhja pm partmhmruf jarm sudmrĊ èhtr-l spbrafĊ a èhglbmfbb
gm sbhm Ŝb a sudmrbhŪmb.
]hub partmhmr jarm mstm gmtaŜat molŪblhaf b sm platm spuhm3 ‘Ao boprmsba jĊ hu-Ūb oab pasĊ gm rmfaŪbm' . Gar, dĊrĊ a vmhb ju
‘glvaga" ajmstub fujru, rĊspuhsuf fub ar putma db ajmsta3 ‘Tbh ajasĊ, gupĊ smrvbjbu, fa lra 4 smara. èb jufj pm jlpbb. èb guj pm
kĊbmŪb fa omjbu rb. Jm oab vrmb gm fa obhm<" Zau, gajĊ m vlrka gm smrvbj bu3 ‘Gm jm hu prbomsj hbjb l rmajŪb m gm fa tbhm<
Zpuhm-ob
Zpuhm-ob jĊ-Ūb pfajm! Zpuhm-ob
Zpuhm-ob jĊ m-l plrjĊrbm
plrjĊrbm jm daj! Zpuhm-ob
Zpuhm-ob jmva, lrbjm, ja sĊ Ŝtbu jĊ-Ūb gab smaoa jĊ fujrmz Ŝb mu
abjb."
Atuhjb jëhg m vlrka gm jlpbbb hlŜtrb, dmfuf èh jarm ajŪblhĊo spuhm oab ouft, gmjët vlrkmfm pm jarm fm rlstbo. Jëhg vrmo sĊ
Ŝtbo juo Ŝb-au pmtrmjut zbua, jëhg suhtmo jurblŜb jarm suht omflgbbfm flr prmdmratm, jëhg èb èhtrmkĊo gmsprm prbmtmhbb flr, fm
jmrmo, gm dapt, sĊ hm bhvbtm sĊ dajmo partm gbh vbaŪa flr. Jëhg èhjmtĊo sĊ oab dajmo asta, jlpbbb sbot tmaoĊ Ŝb sudmrbhŪĊ (Ŝb
hu uŜurarm ‗ hu trmkubm sĊ Ūbb jlht gm prmdĊjĊtlrba aglfmsjmhŪbflr). Mb hu plt sĊ mxprbom prbh juvbhtm jmma jm sbot èh
fmnĊturĊ ju gmtaŜarma hlastrĊ molŪblhafĊ, atuhjb jëhg hu hm oab strĊgubo sĊ hm aprlpbmo gm mb. Gm ajmma, hm aratĊ ajmst
fujru prbh jloplrtaomhtm jarm èhjafjĊ l rmnufĊ sau afta, af jĊrlr smhs mstm gm a hm atranm atmhŪba.
Fa dmf ja èhjrmgmrma, smhtbomhtuf gm a db trĊgat mvlfumazĊ èh tbop ‗ gbh jëhg èh jëhg, oab sjlatmo jëtm l kbfĊ jlflratĊ gbh
klf. WrĊgarm a dĊŪbŜĊ ‗ sbtuaŪbb fm graoatb jm aobhtbtm oab èhabhtm ‗ aparm , jmf oab prlka kbf, gupĊ l pmrbla gĊ gm gmtaŜa rm
molŪblhafĊ Ŝb gm mrlgarm fmhtĊ a èhjrmgmrbb. Jmma jm ao èhvĊŪat gmsprm èhjrmgmrm gbh stugbb Ŝb gbh prlprba mxpmrbmhŪĊ platm db
rmzuoat astdmf3
B 81 OAZJA[MA OBW][BFL[ T]FHM[AKBFBWċūBB

4=
èhjrmgmrma mstm uh prlgus af vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb, jarm jrmŜtm èh fb op Ŝb hmjmsbtĊ mdlrt, atmhŪbm Ŝb bopfbjarm tltafĊ. èhjrmgmrma hu
sm jëŜtbnĊ prbh nmsturb oarb, graoatbjm ‗ sm jfĊgmŜtm prbh nmsturb objb ‗ mstm l jlfmjŪbm gm kbfm jlflratm, jarm tlt jrmŜtm.
Obtuf hr. 73 Jmf oab boplrtaht mstm sĊ tm gmsjurjb gm uhuf sbhnur

A tm gmsjurja gm uhuf sbhnur mstm l vaflarm dlartm prmŪubtĊ èh b hbt ura hlastrĊ ‗ èh olg brlhbj, jebar Ŝb atuhjb jëhg m vlrka
gmsprm jlhstrubrma rmfaŪbbflr. èhŪmfmn prma kbhm gm jm0 plrt Ŝb mu, èh AGH-uf omu, nmhuf ajmsta gm bhgbvbguafbso ‘sĊfkatbj".
b8m dapt, uhuf gbhtrm jëhtmjmfm omfm prmdmratm mstm Emrm B Nl Vnabh (]btm, j-l bau gm fa japĊt), èh jarm sm vlrkmŜtm gmsprm
b fmpfbha ajjmptarm a sbhnurĊtĊŪbb Ŝb strahbuf smhtbomht gm dlrŪĊ, pm jarm Ūb-f gĊ ajmastĊ ajjmptarm. GajĊ ab l vërstĊ ahuom,
puh par bu jĊ Ūb s-a èhtëopfa t sĊ drmgl hmzb, pfbh gm sdbgar m3 ‘] btm,
bb bau gm fa japĊt sbhnur, ja gm atëtma lrb... O-ao hĊsjut sĊ-obsĊ-ob guj vbaŪa sbhnur, prmjuo uh vanaklhg." GajĊ êbtmsha`m hu
sm huoĊrĊ prbhtrm dlroaŪbbfm tafm prmdmratm, mxbstĊ l oufŪbom gm astdmf gm omflgbb, èh lrbjarm nmh ouzbjaf, jm trahsobt .u
mfaŜb omsac. èh rmafbtatm, a trĊb sbhnur èhsmaohĊ, gm jmfm oab ouftm lrb, sĊ dbb hmdmrbjbt Ŝb gmprboat0 laomhbb agobrĊ putmrma
pm jar m l trahsob tm aj mastĊ afmnmr m, b ar èh juftura hlastrĊ , m gm bpr mgat s Ċ tm gmsjur jb gm uhuf sbhnur.
6 8b bjët gm ouft èob pfajm bgmma gm a jĊfĊtlrb sbhnur pm Ŝlsmaua onuratbjĊ a vbsurbflr, vlrka jëhtmjufub gm oab sus,
vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb hu platm
mxpmrbmhŪa vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb hu platm db trĊbtĊ èh sbhnurĊtatm. Avmo hmvlbm gm acutlruf jmflrfafŪb. Avmo hmvlbm gm laomhb jarm
sĊ hm pmrobtĊ sĊ mxpmrbomhtĊo hlb olgurb gm a db, dĊrĊ sĊ hm cugmjm. Avmo hmvlbm gm jbhmva, jarm sĊ hm acutm sĊ hm rbgbjĊo,
atuhjb
atuhjb jëhg jĊgmo èhvbhŜb
èhvbhŜb èh armhĊ ‗ bar, gajĊ hm trĊbo vbaŪa ju èhgrĊzhmafĊ,
èhgrĊzhmafĊ, ajmst fujru sm va èhtëopfa,
èhtëopfa, ju sbnurahŪĊ,
sbnurahŪĊ,
jëhgva. YartbjbpahŪbb fa stugbbfm omfm Ŝb-au mxprboat dlartm jfar hmvlba
44
gm susŪbhmrm, gm èhjuracarm, uhmlrb gm acutlr prldmsblhaf, jëhg au èhvĊŪat sĊ sm raplrtmzm aftdmf fa vufhmrakbfbtatm Ŝb fa vbaŪa
flr molŪblhafĊ. Jmb oab oufŪb gbhtrm hlb hm prbjmpmo sĊ-b acutĊo pm jmbfafŪb, gar, jëhg vbhm vlrka sĊ hm asuoĊo prlprba
vufhmrakbfbtatm, trmkubm sĊ jmrmo Ŝb hlb acutlr, fa rëhguf hlstru.
èh Garurbfm
èh Garurbfm bopmrdmjŪbuhbb, sjrbao3 ‘Hu vlo putma sĊ gĊrubo ju bhboa gmsjebsĊ, gmjët atuhjb jëhg vlo rmuŜb sĊ prbobo ju
prbobo ju
bhboa gmsjebsĊ. Jëhg avmo l atbtugbhm jrbtbjĊ daŪĊ gm nmstuf gm a prbob
acutlr, suhtmo fa dmf gm jrbtbjb daŪĊ gm ajlrgarma gm acutlr jubva, bhgbdmrmht gajĊ suhtmo lrb hu jlhŜtbmhŪb gm asta." Ju tlŪbb
avmo hmvlbm sĊ dbo acutaŪb. Řtbu ju sbnurahŪĊ jĊ h-aŜ db acuhs prma gmpartm, dĊrĊ sprbcbhuf ahuobtlr laomhb, prbhtrm jarm sm
huoĊrĊ Ŝb slŪuf omu, Ztmvm, uh tmrapmut mxjmfmht, dĊrĊ hmhuoĊratmfm jĊrŪb pm jarm fm-ao jbtbt, dĊrĊ prbmtmhbb Ŝb omokrbb gm
daobfbm, adfaŪb èh ajmma Ŝb jĊfĊtlrbm a gmsjlpmrbrbb gm sbhm. Tufhmrakbfbtatma haŜtm vufhmrakbfbtatm0 juracuf mstm olfbpsbtlr.
glomhbuf fmagmrsebp-uVub, jarm
MxbstĊ jëtmva stugbb smrblasm, èh glomhbuf fmagmrsebp-uVub, jarm aratĊ jĊ gbsplhbkbfbtatma gm a jmrm acutlr gm fa jmbfafŪb mstm
msmhŪbafĊ èhtr-l dbroĊ Ŝb jĊ vufhmrakbfbtatma Ŝb juracuf suht olfbpsbtlarm. èhtr-uh artbjlf apĊrut èh ;911 èh Earvarg Kusbhmss
[mvbmw, Ymtmr Duga Ŝb [bjearg Kageao dlflsmsj
[mvbmw, Ymtmr
9 smrbm gm omtadlrm,
omtadlrm, pmhtru a mxpflra olguf èh jarm fbgmrbb bhbŪbazĊ
bhbŪbazĊ Ŝb susŪbh sjebokarma.
sjebokarma. ]ha gbhtrm
gbhtrm omtadlrm mstm jma a
kufnĊrm fub gm zĊpagĊ . KufnĊrm fm gm zĊpag Ċ èhjmpm sĊ sm rlstlnl fmasjĊ , atuhjb jëhg fbgmru f m gbspus sĊ dbm vufhmr akbf èh
rmfaŪba ju suklrglhaŪbb sĊb. Ztugbuf flr aratĊ jĊ ajmst ajt gm vufhmrakbfbtatm m pmrjmput, gupĊ juo sm platm kĊhub, grmpt l
glvagĊ gm jurac gm jĊtrm omokrbb mjebpmb, Ŝb-b bhspbrĊ Ŝb pm jmbfafŪb sĊ dajĊ fa dmf. Ja sĊ mxmopfbdbjm omtadlra kufnĊrmfub gm
zĊpagĊ, jmb glb autlrb rmfatmazĊ jazuf uhub ahuom Jfyhtlh, gbrmjtlr nmhmraf af uhmb oarb jlrplraŪbb nmroahm, jarm Ŝb-a gat
smaoa jĊ stbfuf sĊu gm jlhgujmrm èb èopbmgbja pm gbrmjtlrbb gbh suklrgbhm sĊ abkĊ bhbŪbatbvm. JmrjmtĊtlrbb gmtafbazĊ3 ‘Jfyhtlh
ar db
1 u.oasjarma obturbflr vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb

4>
putut sĊ èhjmrj m sĊ-Ŝb sjebokm jloplr taomht uf èh vbaŪa prbvat Ċ ‗ èh sjebok, a fuat juvëh tuf fa èhtëfh brma ahuafĊ a jmflr
u/.mjb gm gbrmjtlrb ab jlopahbmb, Ŝb-a rmjuhlsjut hmrmuŜbtmfm b 1 vlrkbt pm sjurt gmsprm Ūmfurbfm safm pmrslhafm Ŝb lrnahbza-
Ūflhafm. A agobs jĊ hu juhlŜtma rĊspuhsuf fa tlatm prlkfmomfm b u jarm sm jlhdruhta dbroa Ŝb fm-a jmrut acutlr jmflr prmzmhŪb,
pmhtru a jlhguj m jlopahb a." Ztugbbh g trahsd lroĊrbf m jarm .o uroat ajmfub mvmhbom ht, autlrbb au acuhs fa uroĊtl armfm b
lhjfuzbb3 Jfyhtlh a gmvmhbt ouft oab mdbjbmht èh ouhja sa,
. mbfafŪb gbrmjtlrb au dĊjut prlnrmsm ubobtlarm èh prbvbhŪa bhbŪbatbvmb Ŝb a bhlvaŪbmb, bar lrnahbzaŪba a gmvmhbt oab pmrdlroahtĊ
gmjët jlopahbb rbvafm ouft oab oarb.
B a dmf ja èh bstlrbsbrma gm oab sus, jmfm oab oarb trahsdlroĊrb prbh jarm ao trmjut, pm pfah pmrslhaf Ŝb prldmsblhaf, au
survmhbt, atuhjb jëhg ob-ao gat smaoa jĊ tmaoa oma gm vufhm- b akbfbtatm oĊ trĊnma èh cls Ŝb jëhg ao nĊsbt juracuf sĊ-ob
èopĊrtĊŜmsj gbdbjuftĊŪbfm Ŝb sĊ jmr acutlr. GupĊ jm ao tlt dunbt gm vufhmrakbfbtatm, ao gmsjlpmrbt jĊ a èhdruhta bhjmrtbtugbhma,
b Bsjuf Ŝb mxpuhmrma
mxpuhmrma molŪblhafĊ mstm uh prljms gurmrls.
Oab gmouft, jrmgmao jĊ plt afmnm sĊ hu dbu vufhmrakbfĊ. Gmjb, ▩ ahg ob sm
èhtëopfa sĊ oĊ sbot astdmf ‗ jëhg prbomao jëtm
bb vmstm bhjrmgbkbfĊ fa tmfmdlh, jëhg mrao spmrbatĊ sau jëhg bukmao atëtatët gm bhtmhs, èhjët, èh flj sĊ sbot kujurbm
kujurbm Ŝb rmjuhlŜ-
tfhŪĊ, oĊ aŜtmptao sĊ sm prĊkuŜmasjĊ tltuf èh curuf omu ‗, èhjmrjao sĊ jlhtrlfmz fujrurbfm. Jlhtrlfao sbtuaŪba Ŝb pm jmb gbh
cur. Fujrao pëhĊ fa mpubza rm. èhjmrj ao sĊ trahsd lro bhjmrt btugbhm a èh j mrtbtu gbhm, bhgbdm rmht gm jët o-ar db j lstat bsta. OĊ
aduhgao èh ouhjĊ, pmhtru a-ob afuhna gbh obhtm drbja Ŝb sudmrbhŪa. èh mxtmrblr, pĊrmao juraclasĊ0 èh bhtmrblr, bhsĊ, mrao
jlpfmŜbtĊ gm drbjĊ.
6 u tbopuf, ob-ao gat smaoa jĊ sjutuf ajmsta admjtbv mra prma nrmu, ja sĊ-f oab jar gupĊ obhm, Ŝb jĊ hu mra gmjët uh
lkstajlf eb mdlrtuf gm a oĊ juhlaŜtm pm obhm èhsĊob Ŝb èh jafma jmflr
45
jarm vlbau sĊ oĊ juhlasjĊ. ‘Zjutuf" èob jmrma sĊ oĊ daj objĊ èh spatmfm fub Ŝb sĊ dbu jët oab tĊjutĊ, ja sĊ hu fm atran atmhŪba
jmflrfafŪb asupra bopmrdmjŪbuhbflr Ŝb vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbflr omfm. Mdlrtuf gm a-f omhŪbhm mra mpubzaht.
èob aobhtmsj uh olomht jarm-ob uopfm bhboa gm jĊfgurĊ ‗ mu Ŝb Ztmvm stĊtmao pm cls Ŝb hm ubtao fa Mffmh juo gahsa,
zvërfbhgu-Ŝb oëbhbfm èh amr, pfmshbhgu-Ŝb nmhuhjebb ju pafomfm Ŝb dĊjëhg tuokm. O-ao ubtat fa Ztmvm Ŝb b-ao spus3 ‘Hu m
jbugat jĊ l bukmsj oab ouft, pmhtru jĊ m aŜa gm vufhmrakbfĊ, nrlstuŪĊ Ŝb fbpsbtĊ gm bhebkbŪbb< Mu h-aŜ putma sĊ daj asta. YlŪb
sĊ-Ūb boanbhmzb juo ar db sĊ dbb bukbt èh dmfuf Ċsta<" Ztmvm o-a prbvbt Ŝb ob-a spus3 ‘Wm bukmsj mxajt èh dmfuf Ċsta". Zbhjmr
vlrkbhg, ja l pmrslahĊ jarm huoab rarmlrb a rbsjat sĊ dbm vufhmrakbfĊ Ŝb a mvbtat èhtltgmauha sĊ dbm prlstuŪĊ sau stëhnajm, hu
ob-a trmjut hbjblgatĊ prbh obhtm jĊ agufŪbb sm plt bukb uhuf pm aftuf èh ajmst dmf0 j-aŜ putma db bukbtĊ pmhtru vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbfm
omfm, Ŝb hu èh jbuga flr.
WlatĊ bukbrma Ŝb sprbcbhuf pm jarm fm-ao prbobt ‗ èh spmjbaf gm fa Ztmvm Ŝb Gbaha, tmrapmuta oma ‗ ob-au pmrobs sĊ èhjmp
sĊ-ob asuo tlt oab ouftm rbsjurb, sĊ oĊ mxprbo aftdmf fa smrvbjbu Ŝb ajasĊ. Ao èhjmrjat fujrurb hlb, juo ar db sĊ plvmstmsj
èhtëopfĊrb. Ao èhvĊŪat sĊ bopuh fbobtm Ŝb sĊ spuh ‘hu", jebar Ŝb atuhjb jëhg mrao èhnrlzbtĊ jĊ-ob vlb supĊra uh prbmtmh sau
jĊ vlb brlsb jutarm lplrtuhbtatm prldmsblhafĊ, pm jarm avmao s-l rmnrmt. Řb
rmnrmt. Řb tltuŜb, h-ao rmnrmtat hbjb oĊjar l gatĊ, pëhĊ azb,
jĊ èhtr-l èoprmcurarm ao spus ‘hu".
[mvmhbhg fa ‘louf gbh armhĊ" af fub Wemlglrm [llsmvmft ‗ ao oab gmsjlpmrbt jĊ laomhbb jarm oĊ bukmsj, jmb pmhtru jarm
jlhtmz ju agmvĊrat, h-au dlst hbjblgatĊ atët gm jrbtbjb, èhjët sĊ o-aratm ju gmnmtuf, jëhg o-ao pltbjhbt. H-au stat pm
oarnbhm. Au dlst afĊturb gm obhm, èh armhĊ, fuptëhg pmhtru obhm Ŝb afĊturb gm obhm.
B)! AOAZJA[MA OBW][BFL[ T]FHM[AKBFBWċūBB 42

Hbobj hu ob- a tra hsdlro at vba Ūa èhtr-l oab oa rm oĊ surĊ, gmjët jlhŜtbm htbzar ma d aptufub jĊ m l pbm rgmrm gm tbop sĊ-ob cugmj
prlprb a v aflarm , jëhtĊr bhg rmajŪb bfm jmflr gbh trbkuhĊ . ( x'b jarm oĊ bukmsj Ŝb j arm vlr db a fĊturb gm obhm, bhgbdmr mht gm jm sm
èhtëopfĊ, suht atët gm aprlapm, èhjët m sudbjbmht sĊ èhtbhg oëha, ja sĊ-b plt atbhnm. JlhŜtbmhtbzarma ajmstub fujru a sjebokat
tltuf. Ob-ao gat smaoa, èh ajmfaŜb tbop, gm jm dmf gm slŪbm, oaoĊ Ŝb prbmtmhĊ èob glrmsj sĊ dbu. èh jĊobhuf hlstru, vrmau sĊ
putmo d b hlb èhŜbhm, èh olom htmfm j mfm oa b jur aclasm Ŝb tmoĊ tlarm . Ajlfl uhgm s Ċ
putmo purta gbsjuŪbb gbdbjb fm Ŝb s Ċ hm èopĊrtĊ Ŝbo olomhtmf m gm ruŜbhm trĊbtm fa ŜjlafĊ sau fa smrvbj bu. A Ŝ vr ma sĊ oĊ u bt fa
Ztmvm Ŝb fa jlpbbb omb Ŝb sĊ fm plt spuhm3 ‘Zuht ju vlb, ajlfl, èh armhĊ. Bar, gajĊ vmŪb db èhdrëhŪb, vlo db èhdrëhŪb èoprmuhĊ,
glvmgbhg uh jurac dĊrĊ fbobtm." Yur Ŝb sbopfu, hu avmo juo sĊ èhvĊŪĊo sĊ dbo oab vufhmrakbfb Ŝb oab juraclŜb pm jlht
prlprb u. Jët mlgatĊ , prb oa Ŝb jma o ab oa rm èhg rĊzhma fĊ mst m sĊ jmrmo acutlr.
JAYBWLF]F
JAYBWLF]F : Jm mstm ruŜbhma
ru Ŝbhma Ŝb juo fupŪb èopltrbva mb (sau juo fupŪb
ju spbrbguŜbb ruŜbhbb)
[]ŘBHMA ÈŘB W[ANM DL[ūA gbh daptuf jĊ hu platm db rmgatĊ prbh juvbhtm. BatĊ gm jm vbjtbomfm mb prmgbfmjtm
suht pmrdmjŪblhbŜtbb ‗ mstm atët gm uŜlr sĊ hm rmgujĊ fa tĊjmrm. Jëhg vlo db èhgmacuhs gm jlhŜtbmhŪb gm prlprba
ruŜbhm, èhjët s-l huobo Ŝb sĊ vlrkbo gmsprm ma, èb vlo hmutrafbza mdmjtmfm. [uŜbhbb hu-b pfajm s-l mxprbob èh
juvbhtm. Wlt aŜa juo fuobha slarmfub mra ujbnĊtlarm pmhtru spbrbguŜb, fbokacuf Ŝb jlouhbjarma aguj ruŜbhma fa
fuobhĊ Ŝb l gbstrun.
Abjb m vlrka Ŝb gmsprm vufhmrakbfbtatm, Ŝb gmsprm ruŜbhm<! Yrma
ouft!
sau
Juo sĊ tm apmrb gm oanba hmanrĊ
Ahuf trmjut, gupĊ jm tljoab susŪbhusmo l prmfmnmrm gmsprm daobfbbfm jarm trĊbmsj gbh pfbh, s-a aprlpbat gm obhm uh kĊrkat,
jarm ob-a èhtbhs oëha Ŝb ob-a spus3
‗ Trmau hm apĊrat sĊ vĊ oufŪuom sj.
B-ao strëhs oëha Ŝb b-ao zëokbt, èh tbop jm mf èŜb fĊsa prbvbrbfm èh pĊoëht. Ob-ao gat smaoa jĊ-Ŝb stĊpëhma ju nrmu
fajrbobfm. A bhspbrat agëhj Ŝb ob-a spus3
( 3m mstm ruŜbhma Ŝb juo fupŪb èopltrbva mb

>1
Hu v lbao sĊ v bh èh smara asta, gar o-a lkfbnat slŪba, lrbjët ao èh jmrja t sĊ oĊ èo pltrbvm sj. Ga, ao a uzbt asta gm
ouftm lrb, ao rĊspuhs mu, rëzëhg.
Hu putmao sĊ èhŪmfm n gm jm mstm aŜa gm mhtuzb asoatĊ . B-ao spus jĊ hu-ob plt boanbha olg oab pfbjtbs btlr gm a-ob
pmtrmj m sm ara gm c lb, g mjët sĊ om rn fa l jlhd mrbhŪĊ gmsprm ruŜbhm . ZlŪ ba ob -a mx pfbjat jĊ m dla rtm boplrta ht pm htru ma Ŝ b j- aŜ
dajm kbhm s.b hu oĊ oab pfëhn Ŝb sĊ hu-b strbj tlatĊ kujurba.
A stat jëtmva olomhtm pm nëhgurb, aplb o-a surprbhs, puhëh- gu-ob uroĊtlarma èhtrmkarm3
TĊ pfajm Earry Ylttmr<
Ao rmdfmjtat jëtmva olomhtm, èhjmrjëhg sĊ vĊg jarm mra fmnĊ- tura èhtrm uha Ŝb afta, èhsĊ ao rmhuhŪat Ŝb b-ao rĊspuhs3
Ga, èob pfajm fa hmkuhbm. Ao jbtbt gm oab ouftm lrb tlatm b ĊrŪbfm. Ao vĊzut Ŝb rmvĊzut dbfomfm. Zuht jmf oab oarm dah af
fub Earry Ylttmr. Gar gm jm<
Ob-a mxpfbjat, ju l dbnurĊ stëhcmhbtĊ3

Hu Ŝtbao hbobj gmsprm guohma vlastrĊ Ŝb, juo èob mra tlt oab nrlazĊ gm vmhbtuf èh smara asta, ob-ao boanbha t jĊ
arĊtaŪb ja YfmshmafĊ*. OĊ nëhgmao j-l sĊ dbŪb èokrĊjatĊ èh hmnru gm sus pëhĊ cls Ŝb j-l sĊ vlrkbŪb èhjmt Ŝb ju l vljm agëhjĊ,
tufkurĊtlarm, gm parj-aŪb prmvmstb sdërŜbtuf fuobb.
Ao rës atët gm ouft, j-a dlst jët pm jm sĊ vĊrs paearuf ju apĊ, gbh jarm kmao.
èob pfajm YfmshmafĊ! Hu prma jrmg jĊ vrmau s-arĊt ja mf, gar mstm pmrslhacuf omu prmdmrat.
Ao aruhjat l prbvbrm fa plŜmtĊ, pm jarm ob-l asjuhsmsmo suk trbkuhĊ. èh ma, avmao (Ŝb èhjĊ oab ao) uh krmflj ju YfmshmafĊ,
tĊjut gbh pbmsm gm Fmnl, pm jarm-ob Ūbh jembfm.
• Zjvmrus Zhapm, pmrslhac gbh smrba Earry Ylttmr, bhtmrprmtat èh dbfom gm ajtlruf Afah [bjòah (1274-;914 ‗ h. trag.).
>;
GupĊ jm ao rës èoprmuhĊ gm obja fub nfuoĊ ju YfmshmafĊ, fujrurbfm au gmvmhbt oab smrblasm3
‗ Jm a Ūb spus oĊ bhtmrm smazĊ dlart m ou ft. èh s pmjbaf , partma gmsprm tmaoa gm fujrur bfm tmhmkr lasm. Fa uh olomht gat, aŪb
spus jmva gmsprm hbŜtm fuobhbŪm gm JrĊjbuh...
‗ A, ga, fuobhbŪm fm gm JrĊjbu h. Mstm uhuf gbhtrm jbtatmf m omfm prmdm ratm3 ‘Huoab jmb sudbjb mht gm jurac lŜb, èhjët sĊ
mxpflrmzm tmhmkrmfm, vlr gmsjlpmrb putmrma bhdbhbtĊ a fuobhbb jm rĊzkatm gbhfĊuhtruf hlstru".
‗ Ga, Ċsta m, a spus mf, jfĊtbhë hg gbh jap. ‘Zuht sbnur jĊ gbh ajmst oltbv hu vlbao sĊ vbh. Bhjrm gbkbf jëtĊ mhmrnbm
jemftubo, tlt èhjmrjëhg sĊ mvbtĊo sukbmjtmfm ju agmvĊrat boplrtahtm, jëhg mfm, gm dapt, suht sbhnurmfm jarm ar putma sĊ hm
mfbkmrmzm, èh jlpbfĊrbm Ŝb aglfmsjmhŪĊ, ao sudmrbt ouft gbh jauza ruŜbhbb, Ŝb h-aŜ vrma sĊ fb sm èhtëopfm ajmfaŜb fujru Ŝb jmflr
trmb jlpbb ab omb. AŜ vrma ja mb sĊ sm ajjmptm aŜa juo suht. H-aŜ vrma sĊ fm dbm tmaoĊ sĊ gbsjutm ju hlb gmsprm fujrurbfm jarm-b
drĊoëhtĊ. Trmau sĊ dbm rmzbfbmhŪb fa ruŜbhm.
èh ajmst olomht, aoëhgurlra hm èhltau ljebb èh fajrbob. Ao dĊjut uh nmst stëhnajb, jarm vlba sĊ èhsmohm3 ‘èokrĊŪbŜarm<" -
aplb hm-ao strëhs
strëhs tarm èh kraŪm. GupĊ jm ao pus japĊt ajmstmb èokrĊŪbŜĊrb
èokrĊŪbŜĊrb nmh3 ‘Řtbu jĊ m nrmu, gar l sĊ trmjmo Ŝb pmstm
asta", o-a prbvbt èh ljeb Ŝb ob-a spus3
‗ Hu oĊ prbjmp fa vu fhmra kbfbtatm , gar jm èh smaohĊ ruŜbhm a, Ŝt bu. Ja sĊ gmv bb vufh mrakbf , m hm jmsar sĊ-Ūb gmpĊŜm Ŝtb ru Ŝbhma<
‗ Ga. [mzbfbm hŪa fa ruŜbhm mstm uh mfmomh t-jemb m èh a suoarma prlprbm b v ufhmra kbfbtĊŪ b. Hu p utmo sĊ-b fĊsĊo pm j mbfafŪb sĊ
hm vagĊ aŜa juo suhtmo ju agmvĊrat, gajĊ hm nëhgbo ju nrlazĊ fa jm pĊrmrm-Ŝb vlr dajm gmsprm hlb. Gm ouftm lrb, ajmba jarm
‘hu sm prbjmp fa vufhmrakbfbtatm" Ŝtbu dlartm
kbhm j m èhsm aohĊ sĊ supl rŪb ru Ŝbhma .
èh tbop jm-ob jĊutao juvbhtmfm, ja sĊ-b plt mxpfbja bhtmrfljutlrufub omu jët oab kbhm èh jm dmf hm èopbmgbjĊ ruŜbhma sĊ dbo
( 3` mstm ruŜbhma Ŝb juo fupŪb Èopltrbva mb

>:
vufhmrakbfb Ŝb gmsjebŜb daŪĊ gm jmbfafŪb, ob-ao aobhtbt gm uhuf gbhtrm pasacmfm omfm prmdmratm gbh
Earry Yl ttmr.
TĊ aobhtbŪb jëhg Earry mra èhnrbclrat jĊ s-ar putma sĊ dbm uh lo rĊu, gbh jauzĊ jĊ mra durbls tlt tbopuf Ŝb avma
gbsplzbŪbb èhtuhmjatm<
Ga, gmsbnur! TĊ rmdmrbŪb fa jlhvmrsaŪba ju Zbrbus Kfaj`! Asta j olrafa èhtrmnbb plvmŜtb. Mxajt! Zbrbus b-a spus fub Earry
sĊ-f asjuftm ju oarm atmhŪbm, aplb a zbs3 ‘Hu mŜtb uh lo rĊu. MŜtb l pmrslahĊ dlartm kuhĊ, jĊrmba b s-au èhtëopfat hbŜtm fujrurb
rmfm. èh pfus, fuoma hu sm èopartm glar èh laomhb kuhb Ŝb èh Gmvlratlrbb OlrŪbb. Ju tlŪbb avmo l partm èhtuhmjatĊ Ŝb uha
fuobhlasĊ. Jmma jm jlhtmazĊ mstm pm jarm afmnmo s-l uroĊo, atuhjb jëhg ajŪblhĊo. Ajmma hm rmprmzbhtĊ ju agmvĊrat."
èhŪmfmn, ob-a spus mf, ldtëhg.
Ju tlŪbb Ŝtbo jm èhsmaohĊ ruŜbhma. Ju tlŪbb avmo l partm BhoĊ Ŝb uha rma, l partm èhtuhmjatĊ Ŝb
9 afta fuobhlasĊ. Gar, gajĊ hu hm rmjuhlaŜtmo ruŜbhmaruŜbhma Ŝb prlkfmomfm, vlo acuhnm sĊ jrmgmo jĊ jmva hu mstm mstm èh rmnufĊ ju
hlb ‗ jĊ suhtmo rĊb, pfbhb gm gmdmjtm, lrb jĊ hu suhtmo èhgmacuhs gm kuhb ‗ sau, èhjĊ Ŝb oab rĊu, ajmstm jlhvbhnmrb sm vlr
vmgma èh dmfuf juo ajŪblhĊo. GajĊ vrmo sĊ dbo ju agmvĊrat bopfbjaŪb, sĊ hm gmsjebgmo daŪĊ gm jmbfafŪb, trmkubm sĊ dbo
vufhmrakbfb. Bar, ja sĊ f fo vufhmrakbfb, trmkubm sĊ glkëhgbo rmzbfbmhŪĊ fa ruŜbhm.
Bh ajmf olomht af gbsjuŪbmb, hm-ao èhtëfhbt ju slŪba sa, jarm hm aŜtmpta pm sjĊrbfm gbh daŪa sjmhmb. Ob-a oufŪuobt, o-a
èokrĊŪbŜat sjurt èhjĊ l gatĊ Ŝb s-a èhgmpĊrtat. èhsĊ, acuhs èh japuf sjĊrbflr, s-a èhtlrs jĊtrm obhm Ŝb ob-a spus3
Jebar gajĊ hu smoĊhaŪb ju YfmshmafĊ, suhtmŪb l mxjmfmhtĊ prldmslarĊ gm apĊrarm jlhtra oanbmb hmnrm.*
' Ymrslhacuf Zmvmrus Zhapm prmgĊ ‘ApĊrarma jlhtra oanbmb hmnrm" fa Řb lafa gm Oanbm Ŝb TrĊcbtlrbm Elnwarts gbh smrba Earry Ylttmr.
(h. trag.)
>7
Au dlst l gbsjuŪbm Ŝb uh olomht pm jarm h-l sĊ fm ubt hbjblgatĊ, èh gruo sprm jasĊ, èh ajma smarĊ, o-ao nëhgbt fa uh
dranomht èh jarm Earry Ylttmr vlrkma gmsprm slarta jëtlrva prldmslrb gm apĊrarm jlhtra oanbmb hmnrm3 ‘]huf a dlst
jlhjmgbat, uhuf a ourbt, aftuf Ŝb-a pbmrgut omolrba Ŝb èhjĊ uhuf a dlst èhjubat èhtr-uh judĊr tbop gm hluĊ fuhb". Ob-aguj
aobhtm jĊ ob-ao spus, èh sbhma oma3 ‘Eafaf slartĊ o-aŜtmaptĊ Ŝb pm obhm".
Hu vlb jlhtbh ua ju mxmopfm fm gb h Earry Ylttmr, pmhtru
Ylttmr, pmhtru jĊ Ŝtbu jĊ uhbb gbhtrm jmb jarm oĊ jbtmsj h- au vĊzut dbfomfm Ŝb hbjb h-
au jbtbt jĊrŪbfm, gar trmkubm sĊ spuh jĊ boanbhaŪba bhjrmgbkbfĊ a sjrbbtlarmb C.@. [lwfbhn ob-a uŜurat ouft sarjbha gm a vlrkb
gmsprm ruŜbhm Ŝb a dĊjut-l ouft oab gbstrajtbvĊ, èh ajmfaŜb tbop. Fmjtura fub Earry Ylttmr èh
èh jembm afmnlrbjĊ platm smrvb uhlr
gbsjuŪbb dlartm varbatm ‗ gm fa fupta gbhtrm fuobhĊ Ŝb èhtuhmrbj, pëhĊ fa smhsuf jĊfĊtlrbmb bhbŪbatbjm a fub Earry Ylttmr Ŝb gm jm
vufhmrakbfbtatma Ŝb bukbrma rmprmzbhtĊ agmvĊratmfm èhsmohm afm juracufub. GupĊ jm ob-ao pmtrmjut atëta vrmom, èhjmrjëhg sĊ
gmsjrbu Ŝb gmdbhmsj molŪbb Ŝb mxpmrbmhŪm gmsprm jarm fuoma mzbtĊ, èh nmhmraf, sĊ vlrkmasjĊ, ao gmsjlpmrbt, èh Earry Ylttmr, l
Ylttmr, l
agmvĊratĊ jlolarĊ gm pmrslhacm, olhŜtrb Ŝb boanbhb, pm jarm fm plt dlflsb èh prmfmnmrbfm omfm. Ymhtru asta, èb vlb db omrmu
rmjuhlsjĊtlarm autlarmb.
Hu ob -ao prlpus sĊ gm vbh l obsblhar Ċ da hatbjĊ a r uŜbhbb sau vrmuh prldm slr gm a pĊrarm jlhtra oanbmb hmnrm, èhsĊ, gupĊ jm
ob-ao pmtrmjut uftbobb zmjm ahb gbh vbaŪĊ stugbbhg mdmjtuf jlrlzbv af ruŜbhbb asupra olgufub èh jarm trĊbo, bukbo, ouhjbo,
suhtmo
suhtmo pĊrbhŪb Ŝb jlhgu
jlhgujmo
jmo l adajmrm, ao sboŪbt hmvlba sĊ trahsobt
trahsobt fuobb ajmst omsac3 ‘Zbnur, hm vbhm nrmu sĊ vlrkbo
vlrkbo
gmsprm ruŜbhm. Gar nmhuf ajmsta gm gbsjuŪbm hbjb pm gmpartm hu m fa dmf gm pmrbjufls, prmjuo rmzuftatuf tĊjmrbb. Ju tlŪbb Ŝtbo
jm èhsmaohĊ sĊ sboŪb ruŜbhma. Wuturlr hm m drbjĊ sĊ vlrkbo gmsprm asta. èhsĊ, ju jët vlrkbo oab puŪbh gmsprm ruŜbhm, ju atët
vlo db admjtaŪb oab prlduhg gm ma." GajĊ vrmo sĊ avmo oab
1B MZWM []ŘBHMA ŘB J]O F]YūB ÈOYLW[BTA MB

>=
ouft jurac, gajĊ vrmo sĊ èhgrĊzhbo ju lrbjm prmŪ, trmkubm sĊ dbo vufhmrakbfb. Gar, aŜa juo b-ao spus Ŝb prbmtmhufub omu fah
Earry Ylttmr ‗,
‗, juo ao putma sĊ-b fĊsĊo pm jmbfafŪb sĊ hm vagĊ aŜa juo suhtmo ju agmvĊrat, gajĊ, gm ruŜbhm, suhtmo
èhnrlzbŪb gm jm-ar putma sĊ jrmagĊ gmsprm hlb<
Tlb ga uh mxmopfu.
ZĊ zbjmo jĊ ab jlhjmput uh prlgus hlu, ab sjrbs uh artbjlf sau af jrmat uh lkbmjt gm artĊ, pm jarm glrmŜtb sĊ-f èopĊrtĊŜmŜtb
uhub nrup gm prbmtmhb. A èopĊrtĊŜb jmma jm ab jrmat mstm l partm msmhŪbafĊ, bopfbjëhg vufhmrakbfbtatm, a vbmŪbb ‘trĊbtm gbh pfbh".
Ajmst mxmopfu bfustrmazĊ pmrdmjt jm èhsmaohĊ sĊ èhgrĊzhmŜtb 6 u lrbjm prmŪ. Gar, gbh jauza mgujaŪbmb prbobtm sau a dmfufub èh
b arm tm raplrtmzb fa jmbfafŪb, jlhsbgmrb ‗ dbm jĊ mŜtb jlhŜtbmht gm asba, dbm jĊ hu ‗ jĊ vaflarma ta ja pmrslahĊ gmpbhgm gm
olguf o jarm jmbfafŪb vlr prbob prlgusuf sau fujrarma
fujrarma gm artĊ. Zbopfu .pus, .pus, gajĊ fm pfajm, èhsmaohĊ jĊ pmrslaha ta arm
vaflarm0 gajĊ hu ‗ jĊ mŜtb fbpsbt gm vaflarm.
B h ajmst olomht af prljmsufub, sm platm èhtëopfa uhuf gbhtrm uroĊtlarmfm gluĊ fujrurb0
B LgatĊ jm-Ūb gab smaoa jĊ vaflarma ta, ja pmrslahĊ, gmpbhgm èhtr-l asmomhma oĊsurĊ gm jmma jm ab
prlgus lrb jr mat, mstm puŪbh prlkakb f jĊ vmb g lrb sĊ fm èopĊ rtĊŜm Ŝtb jr maŪba ta jm flrfafŪ b. èh jaz
jlhtrar, vmb rmhuhŪa fa l partm gbh jrmatbvbtatm Ŝb bhlvaŪbm, pmhtru a rbsja oab puŪbh. Obza mstm
b bb
prma oarm, ja sĊ -Ūb gm zvĊfub jmfm oab ‘d ahtmzb stm jr maŪbb. ' Gaj Ċ fm èopĊrt ĊŜmŜtb jmflrf afŪb j mfm oa b ‘da htmzbst m" jrm aŪbb,
bar dmfuf èh jarm suht prbobtm hu sm pltrbvmŜtm ju aŜtmptĊrbfm tafm, tm vmb sboŪb strbvbt. Jmma jm ab gm ldmrbt h-arm vaflarm, bar
pmrsla ha ta ‗ aŜbcgm rb. Řahsm fm gm a prbob rmajŪb b, gm a gmsjlpm rb hlb oltbvaŪb b Ŝb a adfa juo
plŪb sĊ-Ūb aomfbl rmzb olguf gm a fujra suht rmgusm . Wm èhjebzb èh tbhm. [uŜbhma èŪb spuhm jĊ hbjb
oĊjar hu trmkuba sĊ èhjmrjb sĊ fm èopĊrtĊŜmŜtb
>4
jmflrfafŪb jm-ab dĊjut. JĊ hu mŜtb èhgmacuhs gm kuh Ŝb j-ar db trmkubt sĊ-Ūb gab smaoa gm asta fa tbop.
Wm èhtrmkb jm sm-htëopfĊ, platm, atuhjb jëhg èŪb cugmjb prlprba vaflarm, ja pmrslahĊ, èh duhjŪbm gm fujruf pm jarm-f jlhjmpb
sau gm fujrarma ta ‗ Ŝb ab sujjms. èŪb vlb spuhm jm jrmg mu, kazëhgu-oĊ pm mxpmrbmhŪa oma pmrslhafĊ Ŝb prldmsblhafĊ3 mstm Ŝb
oab nrav. [uŜbhma arm fa gbsplzbŪbm tlt jmma jm-b trmkubm, ja sĊ puhĊ stĊpëhbrm pm vbaŪa ta. Gbh ajmf olomht, vaflarma ta ja
pmrslah Ċ gmpb hgm gm jmm a jm jrmg afŪbb g msprm tbhm, fujru pm ja rm t u sbhn ur f-a b dĊj ut plsb kbf. Jebar gajĊ ab su jjms, mstm ja èh
Eltmf Jafbdlrhba* 3 plŪb bhtra, gar hu oab plŪb pfmja hbjblgatĊ. Ab gmvmhbt prbzlhbmruf uhub stbf gm vbaŪĊ pmrdmjŪblhbst, axat pm
a tm dajm pfĊjut jmflrfafŪb Ŝb a fm èhgmpfbhb aŜtmptĊrbfm.
ZbtuaŪba m ju tltuf gbdmrbtĊ, atuhjb jëhg mŜtb jlhŜtbmht gm ruŜbhm Ŝb ab akbfbtĊŪb gm rmzbfbmhŪĊ fa ruŜbhm. èhjĊ èŪb glrmŜtb sĊ fm
pfajĊ Ŝb jmflrf afŪb, ja mb sĊ rmspmj tm sau jebar sĊ agobrm jm ab jrmat , èhsĊ vafla rma ta, ja pmrsla hĊ, gm-aju o hu oab stĊ èh
asta. Řtbb jĊ èhsmohb ouft oab ouft gmjët l pbjturĊ, l bgmm bhlvatlarm, l prmzmhtarm gm sujjms a uhub prlgus, l prmgbjĊ kuhĊ
sau uh flj druhtaŜ
druhtaŜ èh jfasaomhtuf
jfasaomhtuf vëhzĊrbflr
vëhzĊrbflr pm aoazlh.jlo.
aoazlh.jlo. Zbnur,
Zbnur, va db gmzaoĊnbtlr
gmzaoĊnbtlr Ŝb-Ūb va db nrmu, gajĊ prbmtmhbb Ŝb
jlfmnbb tĊb hu-Ūb vlr èopĊrtĊŜb mhtuzbasouf lrb gajĊ fujrurbfm hu vlr omrnm prma kbhm, gar tlatĊ strĊgahba ta arm fmnĊturĊ ju
jmma jm
jm dajb, hu
dajb, hu ju jmma jm mŜtb.
jm mŜtb. Bhgbdmrmht
Bhgbdmrmht gm rmzuftat, ab avut juracuf sĊ èhgrĊzhmŜtb
èhgrĊzhmŜtb ju lrbjm prmŪ Ŝb, èh ajmst dmf, Ūb-ab
rmspmjtat èhtru tltuf prlprbbfm vaflrb, ab dlst dbgmf bgmafufub tĊu, ja pmrslahĊ.
Atuhjb jëhg smhtbomhtuf prlprbmb vaflrb hu mstm mxpus hbjb uhub rbsj, suhtmo ouft oab glrhbjb sĊ dbo juraclŜb Ŝb sĊ fm
èopĊrtĊŜbo
èopĊrtĊŜbo jmflrfafŪb
jmflrfafŪb tafmhtmfm Ŝb garurbfm
garurbfm hlastrm.
hlastrm. Gbh stugbbfm pm jarm fm-ao dĊjut asupra daobfbbflr
daobfbbflr,, Ŝjlfbflr
Ŝjlfbflr Ŝb
lrnahbzaŪbbflr,
afkuo. (h. trag) - 3` mstm

* Jëhtmj fahsat èh ahuf 12>> gm dlroaŪba Manfms, jarm gĊ tbtfuf èhtrmnufub afkuo.
ruŜbhma Ŝb juo fupŪb Èopltrbva mb

>>
mstm fbopmgm jĊ, èh jufturbfm rmzbfbmhtm fa ruŜbhm, laomhbb suht ouft oab gbspuŜb sĊ slfbjbtm, sĊ ajjmptm Ŝb sĊ bhtmnrmzm
rmajŪbbfm vmhbtm gbh partma jmflrfafŪb. èh ajmfaŜb tbop, asmomhma jufturb flrbhmazĊ, mgujĊ laomhb bopfbjaŪb, tmhajm, jarm Ŝtbu
jĊ, pmhtru a rmuŜb, trmkubm sĊ èhjmrjm gbh hlu Ŝb gbh hlu ‗ pmrslahm ouft oab èhjfbhatm sĊ nĊsmasjĊ slfuŪbb hlb, jrmatlarm, fa
prlkfmo mfm j u jar m sm jlhdr uhtĊ.
Zmhtbomhtuf prlprbmb vaflrb hm bhspbrĊ sĊ dbo vufhmrakbfb, sĊ hu mzbtĊo a fm èopĊrtĊŜb jmflrfafŪb jmma jm ao jrmat Ŝb sĊ
pmrsmvm rĊo. [uŜbhma hm t rahsdlr oĊ èh laomhb omsjebh b, pf bhb g m rm smhtbom htm Ŝb tmoĊtlr b. è h juf turbfm prmgbs pusm fa r uŜbhm,
bh jarm pĊrbhŪbb, fbgmrbb, agobhbstratlrbb èb èhjuracmazĊ pm jmbfafŪb, èh olg jlhŜtbmht sau bhjlhŜtbmht, sĊ cugmjm prlprba flr
vaflarm prbh prbsoa rmzuftatmflr ajŪbuhbflr flr, ao jlhstatat gmtaŜarm molŪblhafĊ, èhvbhubrm, kërda, stanharm, davlrbtbso Ŝb
fbpsa bgmbflr jrmatlarm Ŝb bhlvatlarm.
B'mtmr Zemeah mstm autlr gm jĊrŪb, vlrkbtlr oltbvaŪblhaf Ŝb JML fa JeahnmFaks", l dbroĊ nflkafĊ gm jlhsuftahŪĊ, spmjbafbzatĊ
bh prlbmjtm gm sjebokarm a jloplrtaomhtufub fa sjarĊ farnĊ 81 jarm jlfaklrmazĊ ju aftm jlopahbb, prmjuo Appfm sau BKO.
A o avut oarma ŜahsĊ gm a fujra ju Ymtmr vara trmjutĊ, Ŝb jrmg jĊ pmrspmjtbva fub asupra ruŜbhbb mstm akslfut jlrmjtĊ. BatĊ
jarm 6 stm lpbhba dlroufatĊ gm mf3
Jmma jm ujbgm èh smjrmt bhlvaŪba mstm ruŜbhma. Hu mstm jmva jm platm db oĊsurat, gar mstm ajlfl. Gm dbmjarm gatĊ,
sĊu dmmgkaj`-uf gm
jëhg jbhmva rmhuhŪĊ fa a-Ŝb oab prmzmhta hlua bgmm, jëhg hu-b gĊ Ŝmdufub sĊu dmmgkaj`-uf gm jarm ajmsta arm atëta
hmvlbm Ŝb sm tmom sĊ-b spuhĊ uhub jfbmht jm nëhgmŜtm ju agmvĊrat, putmo db sbnurb jĊ ruŜbhma a cujat uh rlf èhtr-l
astdmf gm sbtuaŪbm. Wmaoa èhrĊgĊjbhatĊ agëhj èh hlb jĊ vlo nrmŜb, jĊ vlo db jrbtbjaŪb Ŝb jĊ hm vlo pbmrgm stboa gm
hlb èhŜbhm hm èopbmgbjĊ sĊ hm asuoĊo rbsjurbfm hmjmsarm prlnrmsufub jlopahbbflr hlastrm.
>5
GajĊ vrmb sĊ mxbstm, èh jlopahba ta, l jufturĊ a jrmatbvbtĊŪbb Ŝb bhlvaŪbmb, èh jarm ahnacaŪbb èŜb asuoĊ rbsjurb
rmzlhakbfm, atët fa hbvmf bhgbvbguaf, jët Ŝb fa hbvmfuf lrnahbzaŪbmb, èhjmpm, oab èhtëb, prbh a-b gmzvlfta pmrslhafufub
akbfbtatma gm jlhgujmrm, gm juftbvarm a uhmb atbtugbhb gmsjebsm daŪĊ gm vufhmrakbfbtatm prbhtrm omokrbb mjebpmflr
flr gm fujru. Larmjuo paraglxaf, m hmvlbm ja mb èhŜbŜb sĊ dbm vufhmrakbfb. Bgmma jĊ uh Ŝmd ‘trmkubm sĊ gmŪbhĊ
jlhtrlfuf"
jlhtrlfuf" Ŝb ‘sĊ abkĊ tlatm rĊspuhsurbfm
rĊspuhsurbfm"" mstm hu huoab gmpĊŜbtĊ,
gmpĊŜbtĊ, gar Ŝb hljbvĊ.
hljbvĊ. Bopajtuf ajmstmb bgmb asupra
jmflrfafŪb mstm smhtbomhtuf jĊ hu Ŝtbu prma ouftm Ŝb jĊ suht prma puŪbh boplrtahŪb. Jmma jm gmvbhm l rmŪmtĊ pmhtru
avmrsbuhma daŪĊ gm rbsj ‗ gajĊ platm mxbsta jmva gm dmfuf uhmb ‘rmŪmtm". [uŜbhma gmvbhm drbjĊ. Wmaoa jlhgujm fa
avmrsbuhma daŪĊ gm rbsj. Bar avmrsbuhma daŪĊ gm rbsj ujbgm bhlvaŪba.
pmhtru a èhgrĊzhb ju lrbjm prmŪ, trmkubm sĊ ab smhtbomhtuf prlprbmb vaflrb.
Bgmma gm kazĊ mstm jĊ, pmhtru a
ZpbrbguŜbb ruŜbhbb, èhsĊ, hm èoplabm obhtma ju omsacm jlopfmt gbdmrbtm, prmjuo3
• ZĊ hu
hu èhgrĊ
èhgrĊzh
zhmŜ
mŜtb
tb sĊ
sĊ dajb
dajb asta!
asta! Hu mŜt
mŜtbb sudb
sudbjb
jbmh
mhtt gm kuh
kuh..
• Hu m jaz
jazuf
uf sĊ
sĊ tm èht
èhtbh
bhzb
zb oab
oab ouf
ouftt gmjët
gmjët Ūb-m
Ūb-m pfap
pfapuouoa!
a!
Wmromhuf ‘spbrbguŜ"
‘spbrbguŜ" (nrmofbh)
(nrmofbh) ‗ Ŝtbo ju tlŪbb ‗ prlvbhm gbh jlomgba gm nrlazĊ a fub Ztmvmh Zpbmfkmrn, gbh 1257,
Nrmofbhs. ZpbrbguŜbb
Nrmofbhs. ZpbrbguŜbb suht ajmb grĊjuŜlrb objb, vmrzb, rĊutĊjblŜb, jarm smaoĊhĊ ealsuf pmstm tlt uhgm apar. Zuht hbŜtm olhŜtrb
juvëhtuf spbrbguŜ mstm
oahbpufatlrb, jĊrlra fm dajm l oarm pfĊjmrm sĊ gbstrunĊ. Ymhtru oufŪb aomrbjahb, juvëhtuf spbrbguŜ mstm sbhlhbo ju ‘vljma
ruŜbhbb".
Gm mxmopfu, oĊ jlhdruhtao, gm jurëhg, ju oarb gbdbjuftĊŪb èh a tmrobha uh artbjlf. Ao suhat l prbmtmhĊ, ja sĊ-b spuh gm
kfljac uf omu, bar r Ċspuhsu f mb a dlst 3 ‘Řb spbrbg uŜbb jm spuh<"
BatĊ uh olg dlartm mdbjbmht gm a puhm l èhtrmkarm èh fmnĊturĊ ju ‘vljma ruŜbhbb" ‗ bgmb jarm jlhguj fa hmèhjrmgmrma èh sbhm
Ŝb fa autljrbtbjĊ ‗, pm jarm l auzbo uhmlrb èh obhŪbfm hlastrm.
6 M MZWM
MZWM []ŘB
[]ŘBHMA
HMA ŘB J]O
J]O F]YūB
F]YūB ÈOYL
ÈOYLW[
W[BT
BTAA MB
MB
>2
[Ċspuhsuf omu a dlst3 ‘Zuht oab oufŪb, spbrbguŜbb. ]huf èob spuhm jĊ sjrbu prlst Ŝb jĊ hu-b pasĊ hboĊhub gm tmomfm pm jarm
fm aklrgmz. Aftuf èob spuhm j-l sĊ dbu jrbtbjatĊ Ŝb jĊ omrbt asta. Bar jmf pm jarm-f aug jmf oab tarm èob tlt rmpmtĊ jĊ sjrbbtlrbb
agmvĊraŪb h-au asmomhma prlkfmom Ŝb hbjb jrbzm gm bhspbraŪbm/
B'. dlartm boplrtaht sĊ èhŪmfmnmo ajmstm ‘vljb afm ruŜbhbb'*, sau ‘spbrbguŜb", gajĊ vrmo sĊ hm èhvbhnmo ruŜbhma, dbbhgjĊ sursa
ruŜbhbb hu platm db rmgusĊ èhtltgmauha fa l sbtuaŪbm ahuom sau fa rmoarja uobfbtlarm a uhmb pmrslahm. JëtmlgatĊ, ruŜbhma mstm
rmzuftatuf daptufub jĊ rmpmtĊo uh ahuobt olg gm a hm jloplrta, pm jarm f-ao èhvĊŪat jëhg mrao jlpbb sau hb f-ao èhsuŜbt gbh
juftura
juftura ajmfmb pmrblagm.
pmrblagm. Kuhu
Kuhuff omu jlfmn Ŝb prbmtmh
prbmtmh [lkmrt Ebffb`mr
Ebffb`mr spuhm3 ‘Fa èhjmput,
èhjmput, ruŜbhma mstm l mxpmrbmhŪĊ
mxpmrbmhŪĊ jarm
bopfbjĊ gluĊ pmrslahm, gar, pm oĊsurĊ jm ao èhabhtat bh vërstĊ, ao èhvĊŪat sĊ daj asta gm uhuf sbhnur". JëtmlgatĊ, atuhjb
jëhg èhgrĊzhbo sĊ pĊŜbo ‘èh armhĊ", jmf oab gur jrbtbj af hlstru suhtmo hlb èhŜbhm.
[uŜbhma èŜb tranm dlrŪa gbh daptuf jĊ hu platm db rmgatĊ prbh juvbhtm. Gm ajmma vbjtbomfm mb prmgbfmjtm suht pmrdmjŪblhbŜtbb ‗
mstm atët gm uŜlr sĊ hm rmgujĊ fa tĊjmrm. Jëhg vlo db èhgmacuhs gm jlhŜtbmhŪb gm prlprba ruŜbhm, èhjët s-l huobo Ŝb sĊ vlrkbo
gmsprm ma, èb vlo hmutrafbza mdmjtmfm. [uŜbhbb hu-b pfajm s-l mxprbob èh juvbhtm. Wlt aŜa juo fuobha slarmfub mra ujbnĊtlarm
pmhtru spbrbgu Ŝb, fbo kacuf Ŝ b jlou hbjarm a ag uj ruŜb hma fa fuobhĊ Ŝb l gbstrun .
B 8upĊ juo spuhma Ŝb [llsmvmft, atuhjb jëhg vlo èhgrĊzhb ju lrbjm prmŪ, vlo nrmŜb bar Ŝb bar Ŝb vlo mŜua. Hm vlo jlhdruhta
6 bb mŜmjurb, vlo dajm nrmŜmfb
nrmŜmfb Ŝb vlo èhtëopbha jrbtbjb.
jrbtbjb. GajĊ vrmo sĊ trmjmo pmstm gmzaoĊnbrb,
gmzaoĊnbrb, smhtbomhtm
smhtbomhtm rĊhbtm Ŝb aftm
asmomhma sudmrbhŪm, bhmvbtakbfm èhtr-l vbaŪĊ trĊbtĊ gbh pfbh, t rmkubm sĊ èhjmtĊo gm a oab jrmgm jĊ l èhdrëhnmrm èhsmaohĊ
6 .b hu omrbtĊo sĊ hm kujurĊo gm vbaŪĊ vbaŪĊ Ŝb sĊ dbo bukbŪb Ŝb ajjmptaŪb gm
gm jmbfafŪb. GajĊ vlo jlhtbhua sĊ tlt nëhgbo fa dmf,
dmf,
59
hbjb oĊjar hu vlo dajm mdlrtuf gm a èhjmrja gbh hlu. [uŜbhma hm aŜtmaptĊ fa bmŜbrma gbh armhĊ, spmrëhg sĊ hm vagĊ èhdrëhŪb Ŝb
gmjbŜb sĊ hu hm oab asuoĊo rbsjurb hbjblgatĊ. [ëgm atuhjb gm hlb Ŝb hm spuhm3 ‘ūb-ao spus mu j-a dlst l nrmŜmafĊ sĊ èhjmrjb.
Řtbao jĊ hu mŜtb èhgmacuhs gm..." [mzbfbmhŪa fa ruŜbhm m putmrma gm a spuhm3 ‘èhdrëhnmrma asta oĊ glarm, suht dlartm
gmzaoĊnbt. Gar sujjmsuf, rmjuhlaŜtmrma Ŝb aprlkarma jmflrfafŪb hu suht vaflrbfm gupĊ jarm-ob guj vbaŪa. Ymhtru obhm, jmf oab
ouft jlhtmazĊ juracuf, Ŝb tljoab ao dlst juracls. AŜa jĊ hu èhŪmfmn gm jm ar trmkub sĊ-ob dbm ruŜbhm."
Jbtbhg ajmstm fujrurb, s-ar putma sĊ acuhnb fa jlhjfuzba jĊ vrmau uh fujru boplsbkbf3 sĊ-Ūb sjebokb jlopfmt olguf gm a nëhgb.
Gmpartm gm obhm aŜa jmva. Trmau glar sĊ spuh jĊ hu plŪb sĊ-Ūb asuob prlprba vufhmrakbfbtatm Ŝb sĊ trĊbmŜtb gbh pfbh, gajĊ
ruŜbhma èŪb sukobhmazĊ smhtbomhtuf prlprbmb vaflrb Ŝb japajbtatma gm a avma fmnĊturb prlduhgm ju jmbfafŪb. AŜa jĊ, puhm-Ūb
jmhtura gm sbnurahŪĊ Ŝb vbhl sĊ mxpflrĊo mxpmrbmhŪa ruŜbhbb, ja sĊ hm dajmo l bgmm gmsprm jm èhsmaohĊ ‘a trĊb ju agmvĊrat".
Jm mstm ruŜbhma Ŝb gm jm m atët gm nrmu sĊ vlrkmŜtb gmsprm ma<

(GajĊ trĊbmŜtb ju jlhvbhnmrma jĊ h-ab hbjb l prlkfmoĊ fmnatĊ gm ruŜbhm, jlhtbhuĊ sĊ jbtmŜtb0 gupĊ jëtmva panbhb, tm vmb
fĊourb.)
Hu mxb stĊ pr mfmnm rm, a rtbjlf sau j apbtlf gmsprm ruŜbhm , pm jarm sĊ hu- f èhjm p ju ‘ prbomfm trmb f ujrurb
b
pm ja rm tr mkubm sĊ fm Ŝtbb gm sprm ruŜbhm" 3
1. WlŪb avmo ajmastĊ prlkfmoĊ. [uŜbhma m jmva uhbvmrsaf ‗ mstm uha gbhtrm jmfm oab prbobtbvm molŪbb uoahm. Zbhnurbb
laomhb jarm hu sbot ruŜbhma suht jmb jĊrlra fm fbpsmŜtm mopatba Ŝb hu plt stakbfb fmnĊturb ju jmbfafŪb. AŜa jĊ h-ab gm
afms3 dbm rmjuhlŜtb jĊ tm jlhdruhŪb, uhmlrb, ju smhtbomhtuf ruŜbhbb, dbm agobŪb jĊ mŜtb sljblpat. OmrbtĊ hltat, èh trmjmrm3
' D. MZWM []ŘBHMA ŘB J]O F]YūB ÈOYLW[BTA MB 51

gajĊ prbvmŜtb prlkfmoa èh ajmŜtb tmromhb, m sbhnura gatĊ jëhg ruŜbhma Ūb sm va pĊrma jma oab kuhĊ afmnmrm.
' WlŪb hm tmomo sĊ vlrkbo gmsprm fujrurbfm jarm hm prlvlajĊ ruŜbhm.
Ju jët vlrkbo oab puŪbh gmsprm fujrurbfm jarm hm prlvlajĊ ruŜbhm, ju atët ruŜbhma hm va jlhtrlfa oab ouft vbmŪbfm.
Yutmo èhŪmfmnm ruŜbhma èh oab ouftm olgurb. èh prbouf rëhg, ruŜbhma m tmaoa jĊ vmb db èhgmpĊrtat gm jmbfafŪb. Zuhtmo
prlnra oaŪb psbelfl nbj, molŪblh af, jlnhbtb v Ŝb spbrbtua f sĊ avmo hmvlbm gm l fmnĊtu rĊ j u jm bfafŪb, gm b ukbrm Ŝb gm apartm hmhŪĊ.
B mnĊturbfm molŪblhafm prlduhgm ju jmbfafŪb, juo ar db apartmhmhŪa sau bukbrma, gau smhs vbmŪbb. [uŜbhma mstm, aŜagar, tmaoa b
1 hu vlo avma partm gm astdmf gm fmnĊturb, tmaoa jĊ, gbh jauza uhub fujru pm jarm dbm f-ao dĊjut, dbm h-ao rmuŜbt sĊ-f dajmo,
▩ b daptufub jĊ h-ao rmuŜbt sĊ trĊbo fa èhĊfŪboma uhub ahuobt Bgmaf sau jĊ h-ao rmuŜbt sĊ atbhnmo uh ahuobt sjlp, hu
omrbtĊo sĊ avmo partm gm fmnĊturb molŪblhafm prlduhgm ju jmbfafŪb. Hu
jmbfafŪb. Hu suht gmoh sau hu suht èhgmacuhs gm kuh pmhtru a db
bukbt, pmhtru a aparŪbhm uhub nrup sau a avma l fmnĊturĊ prlduhgĊ ju
6 mbfafŪb. Hu omrbt sĊ dbu bukbt. Hu jlhtmz pmhtru hbomhb.
fatĊ gmdbhbŪba ruŜbhbb, aŜa juo a rmbmŜbt ma gbh stugbbfm omfm3 BBudbhma mstm l gurmrm bhtmhsĊ, hĊsjutĊ gbh jlhvbhnmrma jĊ
avmo gmdmjtm oaclrm Ŝb, gbh ajmastĊ jauzĊ, hu omrbtĊo sĊ dbo bukbŪb db sĊ aparŪbhmo uhub nrup.
B 8m ouftm lrb, laomhbb vlr ju agmvĊrat sĊ jrmagĊ jĊ ruŜbhma ▩▩sbm trĊbtĊ huoab gm ajmfm pmrslahm jarm au supravbmŪubt uhmb
f rauom èhnrlzbtlarm ‗ gar asta hu-b agmvĊrat. [uŜbhma m jmva
6 m trĊbo ju tlŪbb. Řb, ju tlatm jĊ hb sm parm
parm jĊ ruŜbhma pëhgmŜtm gbh jlfŪurbfm jmfm oab èhtuhmjatm afm
B
obhŪbb hlastrm, gm dapt, ma ▩.Fb fa pëhgĊ èh fljurbfm jmfm oab daobfbarm.
B 8bh jmrjmtĊrbfm omfm, s-au gmsprbhs gluĊsprmzmjm jatmnlrbb gm b uŜbhm, èh duhjŪbm gm sbtuaŪba jarm l prlgujm3
5;
• èhdĊŪbŜarma Ŝb boanbhma hlastrĊ jlrplrafĊ,
• sbtuaŪba
sbtuaŪba dbhahjbarĊ
dbhahjbarĊ Ŝb ljupaŪba,
• oatmrhbtatma
oatmrhbtatma/patmrh
/patmrhbtatma,
btatma,
• sbtuaŪba
sbtuaŪba daobfbafĊ,
daobfbafĊ,
• mxpmrbmhŪa
mxpmrbmhŪa gm a db pĊrbhtm,
pĊrbhtm,
• sĊhĊtatma
sĊhĊtatma dbzbjĊ Ŝb psbebjĊ,
psbebjĊ,
• gmpmhg
gmpmhgmhŪmhŪa,
a,
• rmfaŪbbfm
rmfaŪbbfm smxuafm,
smxuafm,
• èokĊtrëhbr
èokĊtrëhbrma,ma,
• rmfbnb
rmfbnba,
a,
• l trauoĊ prbh
prbh jarm ao trmjut
trmjut Ŝb
• sbtuaŪba èh jarm suhtmo mtbjemtaŪb sau gmsjrbŜb gm
gm jmbfafŪb, prbhtr-uh stmrmltbp jufturaf.
BatĊ jm ob-au rĊspuhs uhmfm pmrslahm bhtmrvbmvatm gm obhm, atuhjb jëhg fm-ao jmrut sĊ-ob gma mxmopfm gm sbtuaŪbb èh jarm fm-
a dlst ruŜbhm3
• Ao dlst
dlst jlhjmg
jlhjmgba
batt Ŝb
Ŝb hu
hu Ŝtb
Ŝtbao
ao juo
juo sĊ-b
sĊ-b spuh
spuh asta
asta slŪb
slŪbmb
mb èhsĊ
èhsĊrj
rjbh
bhat
atm.
m.
• Jbhmva o-a èhtrmkat3 ‘Jëhg
‘Jëhg ab tmromhuf sĊ haŜtb<", bar mu hu mrao èhsĊrjbhatĊ.
• Mrao èh pmrblaga gm rmjupmrarm, gupĊ l klafĊ, Ŝb hu vlbao sĊ Ŝtbm Ŝtbm hbomhb gm asta.
• Jëhg ao Ūbpat
Ūbpat fa jlpbbb
jlpbbb omb.
• Jëhg ao gat dafbomht.
dafbomht.
• Jëhg Ŝmduf omu ob-a spus, èh daŪa uhub uhub jfbmht, jĊ suht uh bgblt.
• DbbhgjĊ h-ao dlst dĊjut asljbat
asljbat fa dbroa pmhtru jarm fujrmz.
• ZlŪuf o-a pĊrĊsbt
pĊrĊsbt pmhtru vmjbha
vmjbha gm afĊturb.
• ZlŪba ob-a spus jĊ vrma sĊ gbvlrŪmzm Ŝb sĊ abkĊ jlpbb, gar hu ju obhm.
• Jëhg ao jlhgus oaŜbha suk bhdfumhŪa afjllfufub.
• Gbh jauza daptufub jĊ h-ao pututputut rĊoëhm èhsĊrjbhatĊ.
èhsĊrjbhatĊ.
6 M MZWM []ŘBHMA ŘB J]O F]YūB ÈOYLW[BTA ÈOYLW[BTA MB 5:

• B-ao spus flnlghbjmb jĊ tatĊf omu trĊbmŜtm èh DrahŪa,
DrahŪa, jëhg mf, gm dapt, m fa èhjebslarm.
• Gbh jauza gmpmhgmhŪmb
gmpmhgmhŪmb gm plrhlnradba
plrhlnradba Lhfbhm.
• Ao rmpmtat ahuf, pmhtru jĊ hu ob-ao fuat fuat mxaomhmfm.
• f-ao auzbt pm pĊrbhŪb juo sm jmrtau èh jaomra gm-afĊturb Ŝb o-ao èhtrmkat gajĊ huoab obm ob sm sm
dajm atët gm drbjĊ, èhtr-l astdmf gm sbtuaŪbm.
[uŜbhma mstm l sudmrbhŪĊ jlhjrmtĊ. BoplrtahŪa apartmhmhŪmb Ŝb 1 fmnĊturbflr prlduhgm ju jmbfafŪb mstm èhtĊrbtĊ gm èhsĊŜb jeboba
jrmbmrufub hlstru Ŝb, tljoab gm ajmma, sudmrbhŪa pm jarm hm-l prlvlajĊ rmspbhnmrma sljbafĊ Ŝb fbpsa fmnĊturbflr molŪblhafm
mstm uha rmafĊ Ŝb jlhjrmtĊ. èhtr-uh stugbu gbh ;911, dbhahŪat gm Bhstbtutuf HaŪblhaf gm ZĊhĊtatm ObhtafĊ Ŝb gm Bhstbtutuf
HaŪblha f pmhtru Akuzuf gm Grlnur b, jmrjm tĊtlrbb au gmsjl pmrbt b . t sudmr bhŪa dbzbjĊ Ŝb jma prlvlj atĊ gm rmspbhnm rma sljbaf Ċ
suht sbobfarm gbh puhjt gm vmgmrm hmurlflnbj. AŜa èhjët, vlrkmsj flartm smrbls, atuhjb jëhg gmdbhmsj ruŜbhma ja dbbhg ‘l
gurmrm bhtmhsĊ". ]ftbomfm gmsjlpmrbrb gbh glomhbuf hmurlŜtbbhŪmflr b lhdbroĊ jm Ŝtbao gm oab gmouft3 molŪbbfm plt sĊ
prlvla jm sudmrb hŪĊ. Řb, tlt aŜa juo jmrjmt Ċtlrbb au gbdbjuf tĊŪb èh a gmdbhb gurmrm a dbzbjĊ , mstm gbdbjbf sĊ gmsjrb mo gurmrm a
molŪblhafĊ. [uŜbhma mstm Ŝb oab nrmu gm gmsjrbs, gbh jauzĊ jĊ hu-b pfajm s l mxprbob èh juvbhtm.
(fuo sm gmlsmkmŜtm ruŜbhma gm vbhĊ, uobfbhŪĊ Ŝb stëhcmhmafĊ<

b fmb jm stugbazĊ ruŜbhma susŪbh jĊ uhuf gbhtrm oltbvmfm pmhtru arm vlrkmŜtb atët gm nrmu gmsprm
ruŜbhm mstm fbokacuf èhsuŜb. Agmsma, dlflsbo juvbhtm prmjuo stëhcmhmafĊ, vbhlvĊŪbm, uob fbhŪĊ Ŝb
fbhŪĊ Ŝb
ruŜbhm, ja Ŝb juo ar db tmromhb bhtmrŜahcakbfb. Zukfbhbmrma boplrtahŪmb utbfbzĊrbb uhlr juvbhtm
agmjvatm, pmhtru b gmsjrbm l trĊbrm sau l molŪbm, platm pĊrma l pmgahtmrbm. èhsĊ bub m vlrka glar gm l
jemstbuhm gm smoahtbjĊ.
57
Dmfuf èh jarm sboŪbo ajmstm molŪbb sm rmzuoĊ fa olguf èh jarm vlrkbo ju hlb èhŜbhm. Juo vlrkbo ju hlb èhŜbhm gmsprm jmma
jm hb sm èhtëopfĊ< Ymhtru a èhŪmfmnm oab kbhm jm mstm fbokacuf bhtmrblr Ŝb jm suht jmfm patru molŪbb, mstm utbf sĊ èhjmpmo ju
vbhlvĊŪba Ŝb ruŜbhma. Oaclrbtatma jmrjmtĊtlrbflr Ŝb omgbjbflr, jarm stugbazĊ ruŜbhma, suht gm ajlrg jĊ vlo èhŪmfmnm gbdmrmhŪa
gbhtrm ruŜbhm Ŝb vbhlvĊŪbm jmf oab kbhm, gajĊ vlo plrhb gm fa gbdmrmhŪa gbhtrm3 ‘Zuht uh lo rĊu" Ŝb3 ‘Ao dĊjut jmva rĊu"3
Ŝb afbomhtmazĊ gmtaŜarma
54
molŪblhafĊ. Ajlfl vlo vmgma juo putmo jlhstrub l jufturĊ a vaflrbb pmrslhafm, a vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb Ŝb a rmzbfbmhŪmb fa ruŜbhm.
]obfbhŪa
]obfbhŪa mstm l aftĊ trĊbrm pm jarm l jlhduhgĊo
jlhduhgĊo agmsmlrb ju smhtbomhtuf
smhtbomhtuf gm ruŜbhm.
ruŜbhm. Glhafg @fmbh surprbhgm dlartm kbhm
gbdmrmhŪa gbhtrm ruŜbhm Ŝb uobfbhŪĊ, èh uroĊtlarma dlroufarm3 ‘Laomhbb jrmg uhmlrb jĊ omrbtĊ sĊ sbotĊ ruŜbhm, gar hbjblgatĊ
hu jrmg jĊ omrbtĊ sĊ dbm uobfbŪb'*. GajĊ Cleh mstm èhtr-l ŜmgbhŪĊ ju Ŝmduf Ŝb jlfmnbb sĊb, bar Ŝmduf èb spuhm jĊ mstm uh ratat
pmhtru jĊ h- a rm uŜbt sĊ -Ŝb j lhvbhnĊ uh jfb mht sĊ smohmz m uh jlhtra jt, Cleh va sboŪb, prlkak bf, db m ruŜ bhm, dbm uo bfbhŪĊ.
GajĊ Cleh èŜb spuhm, èh sbhma fub3 ‘Glaohm, jm ratat suht! Hu suht kuh gm hbobj", rmajŪba fub mstm uha gm ruŜbhm. Bar, gajĊ-Ŝb
spuhm3 ‘Řmduf omu h-arm hbjb uroĊ gm autl-jlhtrlf. ZbtuaŪba m rbgbjlfĊ, hu omrbt sĊ sm plartm aŜa ju obhm" ‗ rmajŪba fub mstm
uha gm uobfbhŪĊ. ]obfbhŪa m uh smhtbomht nrlazhbj Ŝb admjtmazĊ nrav rmfaŪbbfm bhgbvbgufub ju daobfba Ŝb omgbuf gm ouhjĊ. Bar,
gajĊ sm pmroahmhtbzm
pmroahmhtbzmazĊ,
azĊ, ma platm gmvmhb ruŜbhm, atuhjb jëhg pmrslaha èhjmpm sĊ jrmagĊ omsacuf pm jarm-f trahsobtm,
trahsobtm, èh
lrbjm jaz, uobfbhŪa mstm prmdmrakbfĊ ruŜbhbb. èh flj sĊ bhtmrblrbzmzm mtbjemta gm ‘ratat", Cleh èŜb spuhm3 ‘Asta h-arm hbjb l
fmnĊturĊ ju obhm". Jëhg rmajŪblhĊo astdmf, m oab puŪbh prlkakbf jĊ hm vlo èhjebgm èh hlb èhŜbhm, vlo rmajŪblha bopufsbv
sau vlo rĊspuhgm Ŝb hlb ju ajmmaŜb olhmgĊ. GbopltrbvĊ, hm vlo nebga èh jlhtbhuarm gupĊ ajmfmaŜb vaflrb, èhjmrjëhg sĊ
rmzlfvĊo prlkfmoa.
Gbhtrm jmfm patru molŪbb, stëhcmhmafa puhm jmfm oab puŪbhm prlkfmom. M trmjĊtlarm, gm lkbjmb, Ŝb rmtrlajtbv platm db prbvbtĊ ju
sboŪuf uolrufub. Zpmjbdbjuf rmajŪbmb gm stëhcmhmafĊ mstm jĊ, atuhjb jëhg dajmo jmva stëhcmhbtlr, hu sboŪbo jĊ suhtmo
sbhnurbb jĊrlra fb s-a èhtëopfat aŜa jmva. Řtbo jĊ Ŝb afŪbb au pĊŪbt-l, bar stëhcmhmafa va gbspĊrma fa dmf gm rapbg prmjuo rlŜmaŪa
gbh lkracb ‗ hu va acuhnm hbjblgatĊ sĊ hm gmdbhmasjĊ.
5>
A gbdmrmhŪba èhtrm ajmŜtb tmromhb m uh pas boplrtaht èh èhŪmfmnmrma ruŜbhbb. M prboa mtapĊ gbh jmma jm mu huomsj ‘rmzbfbmhŪĊ
fa ruŜbhm".
Ao èhŪmfms pmrdmjt3 ruŜbhma m jmva rĊu. Jm

dajmo èh prbvbhŪa mb<
glkëhgbo rmzbfbmhŪĊ fa
[Ċspuhsuf mstm3 èhjmrjĊo sĊ glkëhgbo rmzbfbmhŪĊ jĊ rmzbstmhŪa fa
fa ruŜbhm. B 8m rmoarjat daptuf jĊ rmzbstmhŪa fa ruŜbhm hu m plsbkbfĊ. Atëta
vrmom jët èŪb glrmŜtb sĊ ab fmnĊturb prlduhgm ju jmbfafŪb, drbja tbj a hu db èhgmpĊrtat tm va bhdfumhŪa dlartm ouft, èh tlt jmma jm
Bajb, bar sudmrbhŪa prlvljatĊ gm ruŜbhm va db èhtltgmauha rmafĊ. MxbstĊ, èhsĊ, Ŝb vmŜtb kuhm. èh tlatm stugbbfm omfm, ao
gmsjlpmrbt jĊ kĊrkaŪbb Ŝb dmombfm ju uh hbvmf jrmsjut gm rmzbfbmhŪĊ fa b uŜbhm au patru fujrurb èh jlouh ‗ Ŝb ahuom,
mfmomh
mfmomhtmf
tmfmm floplh
floplhmht
mhtmm afm rmzbfbm
rmzbfbmhŪm
hŪmbb fa ruŜbhm
ruŜbhm.. Laomhb
Laomhbbb plt glk glkëhg
ëhgbb ajmstm
ajmstm akbfbt
akbfbtĊŪb
ĊŪb prbh
prbh jmma jm mu huomsj
huomsj
‘ahtrmhaomhtuf rĊzklbhbjbflr hbhca spbrbguŜb".
Tlb ahafbza dbmjarm gbhtrm jmfm patru mfmomhtm jloplhmhtm, gar oab èhtëb vrmau sĊ mxpfbj jm èhŪmfmn mu prbh rmzbfbmhŪĊ fa b
uŜbhm. OĊ rmdmr fa akbfbtatma gm a prajtbja autmhtbjbtatma ‗ gm a rĊoëhm tu èhsuŪb ‗, atuhjb jëhg tm jlhdruhŪb ju ruŜbhma, gm
a trmjm prbh ajmastĊ mxpmrbmhŪĊ, dĊrĊ sĊ-Ūb sajrbdbjb vaflrbfm, glkëhgbhg uh pfus gm jurac, gm jlopasbuhm Ŝb l fmnĊturĊ oab
prlduhg Ċ j u jm bfafŪb, gmjët fa èhj mput. [mzbfbm hŪĊ fa r uŜbhm èh- m aohĊ sĊ d ajb trmjm rma gm f a ru Ŝbhm fa m opatbm ‗ jmf oab k uh
ahtbglt af ruŜbhbb. B
B 8ajĊ putmo sĊ èopĊrtĊŜbo jubva sbtuaŪba prbh jarm trmjmo, Bar jmfĊfaft hm rĊspuhgm ju mopatbm Ŝb èhŪmfmnmrm, ruŜbhma hu
platm supravb mŪub. Jlopasb uhma daŪĊ gm sbhm mstm boplrta htĊ Ŝb ma, èhsĊ ruŜbhma mstm uh dmhlom h sljbaf ‗ aparm èh uroa
bhtmrajŪbuhbb gbhtrm laomhb ‗ Ŝb, gm ajmma, sm vbhgmjĊ jmf oab kbhm atuhjb jëhg jlouhbjb. L rahĊ sljbafĊ arm hmvlbm gm uh
55
kafsao sljbaf, bar k afsaouf ajmfa mstm mopatba . Jlopa sbuhma daŪĊ gm sb hm èh suŜb m boplrta htĊ3 j ëhg s uhtmo tlfmra hŪb da ŪĊ gm
hlb èhŜbhm, mxbstĊ l ŜahsĊ oab oarm sĊ jlouhbjĊo, sĊ stakbfbo fmnĊturb prlduhgm Ŝb sĊ hb sm rĊspuhgĊ ju mopatbm.
Ymhtru a acuhnm fa mopatbm, trmkubm ja oab èhtëb sĊ Ŝtbo ju jm ahuom hm jlhdruhtĊo. BatĊ jmfm patru mfmomhtm jloplhmhtm
afm rmzbfbmhŪmb fa ruŜbhm ‗ mtapmfm hu apar omrmu èh ajmmaŜb lrgbhm, gar hm jlhguj gm dbmjarm gatĊ fa mopatbm Ŝb vbhgmjarm.
1. A rmjuh
rmjuhlaŜ
laŜtm
tm ruŜbh
ruŜbhma
ma Ŝb a èhŪm
èhŪmfmn
fmnmm jm ahuom
ahuom l gmjf
gmjfahŜ
ahŜmaz Ċ. [uŜbhma Ūbhm atët gm kblflnbm, jët Ŝb
mazĊ.
gm kblnradbm. YlŪb sĊ rmjuhlŜtb sboptlomfm dbzbjm afm ruŜbhbb, sĊ gmsjrbb èhtrmana mxpmrbmhŪĊ Ŝb sĊ-Ūb gab smaoa jm bgmb Ŝb
aŜtmptĊrb ahuom au gmjfahŜat-l<
;. YrajtbjĊ vbnbfmhŪa jr btbjĊ. YlŪb sĊ gbsjmrhb bgmbfm Ŝb aŜtmptĊrbfm, jarm puh ruŜbhma èh obŜjarm< Zuht
mfm rmafbstm< Ylt db mfm èhgmpfbhbtm< MxprboĊ mfm jmma jm-Ūb glrmŜtb ju agmvĊrat sau, oab gmnrakĊ, jmma jm jrmzb jĊ-Ŝb
glrmsj afŪbb gm fa tbhm<
:. Gmsjebgm-tm daŪĊ gm l pmrslahĊ aprlpbatĊ . èŪb asuob èhtrmana mxpmrbmhŪĊ a ruŜbhbb< MŜtb gbspus sĊ
èopĊrtĊŜmŜtb ju jbhmva jmma jm Ūb sm èhtëopfĊ< Hu putmo sĊ hm kujurĊo gm mopatbm, gajĊ hu avmo l fmnĊturĊ prlduhgĊ
ju jbhmva.
7. TlrkmŜtm gmsprm ruŜbhm. Jëhg Ūb-m ruŜbhm, vlrkmŜtb gmsprm jmma jm sboŪb< Fm jmrb acutlruf
jmflrfafŪb<
[mzbfbmhŪa fa ruŜbhm mstm l stratmnbm prbh jarm hm prltmcĊo fmnĊtura ju hlb èhŜbhm Ŝb ju laomhbb granb hluĊ. èhsĊ rmzbfbmhŪa
hmjmsbtĊ juhlaŜtmrm ‗ sau nëhgbrm ‗ Ŝb, gm ajmma, ruŜbhma arm uh bomhs avahtac. Gm jmfm oab ouftm lrb, atuhjb jëhg suhtmo
juprbhŜb gm ruŜbhm, zlha jma oab ajtbvĊ gbh jrmbmr m sbstmouf fbokbj. Aftdmf spus, jlrtmxtuf prmdrlhtaf ‗ zlha spmjbafbzatĊ èh
raŪblhaomht, ahafbzĊ, jlhjmpmrma uhmb stratmnbb ‗ jmgmazĊ fljuf uhmb pĊrŪb prbobtbvm a jrmbmrufub, rmsplhsakbfĊ gm rmajŪba
‘fuptĊ-sau-dunb".
JM MZWM []ŘBHMA ŘB J]O F]YūB ÈOYLW[BTA MB 52

èh jartma sa, Bhjlnhbtl,
sa, Bhjlnhbtl, Gavbg
Gavbg Manfmoah, spmjbafbst èh hmurl- ŜtbbhŪm, gmsjrbm jrmbmruf ja dbbhg ‘l mjebpĊ gm rbvafb". Mf sjrbm3
‘èhtrm gbdmrbtmfm rmnbuhb gbh jrmbmruf tĊu, mxbstĊ l jlhvmrsaŪbm pmroahmhtĊ, dbmjarm jlhjurëhg pmhtru a glkëhgb jlhtrlfuf
asupra sbhnurufub jahaf af gatmflr gm bmŜbrm, rmprmzmhtat gm jloplrtaomht". Aplb gmsjrbm sbstmouf guaf globhaht, af raŪbuhbb
Ŝb molŪbmb3 ‘Zbstmouf raŪblhaf arm ja prbhjbpafĊ duhjŪbm ahafbza fujrurbflr gbh fuoma mxtmrblarĊ, èh tbop jm sbstmouf
molŪblhaf olhbtlrbzmazĊ stĊrbfm bhtmrhm Ŝb hm bhdlromazĊ gajĊ fujrurbfm omrn kbhm sau rĊu". Manfmoah susŪbhm jĊ, gm vrmom
jm aoëhgluĊ sbstmomfm sm fuptĊ èhtrm mfm, ja sĊ jlhtrlfmzm ajmfaŜb rmzuftat ‗ jloplrtaomhtuf ‗, molŪbbfm plt sĊ atërhm oab
nrmu èh kafahŪĊ, atuhjb jëhg vbhm vlrka gm prljmsuf gm fuarm a uhmb gmjbzbb. AŜ spuhm jĊ ajmst fujru mstm jatmnlrbj agmvĊrat,
b ahg molŪba mstm uha gm ruŜbhm.
Ztratmnbbfm tbp ‘fuptĊ-sau-dunb" suht mdbjbmhtm èh fupta pmhtru supravbmŪubrm, hu Ŝb atuhjb jëhg raŪblhĊo sau stakbfbo fmnĊturb
prlduhg m ju jmbfaf Ūb. B ar sudmrbh Ūa pr lvljatĊ gm r uŜbhm mstm s udbjbm htĊ j a sĊ ajtbvm zm a jma partm gbh j rmbmru f hls tru, bopfbja tĊ
jëhgva èh fupta pmhtru supravbmŪubrm Ŝb jarm mstm rĊspuhzĊtlarm gm rmajŪbbfm gm tbpuf ‘dunb", ‘asjuhgm-tm" sau ‘atajĊ". Gm
dapt, atuhjb jëhg b-ao èhtrmkat pm partbjbpahŪbb fa uh stugbu juo rmajŪblhau èh olg jurmht, jëhg sm jlhdruhtau b u
smhtbomhtuf gm ruŜbhm, pëhĊ sĊ èhjmapĊ sĊ-Ŝb gmzvlftm rmzb- fbmhŪa fa ruŜbhm, ao prbobt ouftm rĊspuhsurb prmjuo ajmstma3
• ‘Jëhg ob-m ruŜbhm,
ruŜbhm, parjĊ
parjĊ èhhmkuhms
èhhmkuhmsj. j. èhjmp
èhjmp sĊ spuh Ŝb sĊ daj hbŜtm
hbŜtm fujrurb
fujrurb pm jarm
jarm èh olg lkbŜhubt
lkbŜhubt
hu fm-aŜ dajm Ŝb hu fm-aŜ spuhm hbjblgatĊ."
• ‘]hmlrb
‘]hmlrb,, vrmau
vrmau sĊ-b daj
daj pm jmbfaf
jmbfafŪb
Ūb sĊ sm
sm sbotĊ
sbotĊ fa dmf
dmf gm rĊu jaja obhm.
obhm. Atuhj
Atuhjb,b, èob
èob vbhm
vbhm sĊ-hcur
sĊ-hcur Ŝb
Ŝb
zkbmr fa tlatĊ fuoma."
• ‘Jëhg
‘Jëhg sbot
sbot jĊ ob-m
ob-m ruŜbhm,
ruŜbhm, o-apu
o-apujĊ jĊ gbspmr
gbspmrarma
arma.. Mstm
Mstm ja Ŝb juo
juo aŜ db èhtr-
èhtr-uh
uh puhjt
puhjt olrt
olrt Ŝb
Ŝb h-aŜ
juhlaŜtm pm hbomhb, ju jarm sĊ vlrkmsj gmsprm asta."
29
• ‘Jëhg ob-m ruŜbhm, oĊ èhjebg èh obhm.
obhm. Jebar Ŝb daŪĊ gm jmb gbh daobfbm."
• ‘[uŜbhma oĊ dajm sĊ oĊ sbot strĊbh gm
gm fuom. èob vbhm sĊ o-asjuhg, sĊ hu oĊ oĊ oab Ŝtbm hbomhb."
• ‘LgatĊ, ao lprbt oaŜbha, ja s-afbomhtmz ju kmhzbhĊ, èhsĊ h-ao putut sĊ sĊ pfĊtmsj, pmhtru jĊ hu ob
a duhjŪblhat jërguf gm jrmgbt. Ahnacatuf gm fa kmhzbhĊrbm ob-a dĊjut zbfm drbptm. Jëhg ao pfmjat gm fa kmhzbhĊrbm, kĊbatuf
omu gm trmb ahb a èhjmput sĊ pfëhnĊ. Mu ao èhjmput sĊ zkbmr3 Wajb, tajb, tajb! Ob-a dlst atët gm ruŜbhm, gbh jauza
èhtëopfĊrbb ju jërguf. YarjĊ èhhmkuhbsmo. Ym uroĊ, ob-a dlst ruŜbhm jĊ Ūbpasmo fa kĊbat."
èh prbvbhŪa omjahbsomflr gm apĊrarm èh daŪa ruŜbhbb, jmf oab ouft ao avut gm èhvĊŪat gbh jmrjmtĊrbfm èhtrmprbhsm fa Jmhtruf
Ztlhm gm fa Jlfmnbuf ^mffmsfmy, gbh Oassajeusmtts. Gr. Fbhga Eartfbhn, jarm èhabhtm a fujrat ja tmlrmtbjbah èh glomhbuf rmfa-
Ūblhaf-jufturaf fa Jmhtruf Ztlhm, bar ajuo m gbrmjtlr af Bhstbtutufub gm Ztugbb èh glomhbuf GmohbtĊŪbb ]oahm Ŝb af ]obfbhŪmb,
stugbazĊ stratmnbbfm gm gmtaŜarm molŪblhafĊ, pm jarm fm dlflsbo jëhg hm jlhdruhtĊo ju ruŜbhma, kazëhgu-sm pm jmrjmtĊrbfm fub
@armh Elrhmy gmsprm ‘lrbmhtarma sprm laomhb, lrbmhtarma èopltrbva laomhbflr Ŝb èhgmpĊrtarma gm laomhb".
Yltrbvbt
Yltrbvbt Fbhgmb Eartfbhn,
Eartfbhn, uhbb gbhtrm hlb, jëhg sm jlhdruhtĊ ju ruŜbhma,ruŜbhma, sm èhgmpĊrtmazĊ
sm èhgmpĊrtmazĊ gm laomhb, sm èhjebg èh sbhm, sm
dmrmsj gm jmbfafŪb, èŜb rmprboĊ trĊbrbfm, Ūbh smjrmtm. AfŪbb sm lrbmhtmazĊ sprm laomhb, jĊutëhg ju lrbjm prmŪ sĊ-b èopĊjbubasjĊ Ŝb
afŪbb sm lrbmhtmazĊ èopltrbva laomhbflr, èhjmrjëhg sĊ glkëhgmasjĊ putmrm asupra jubva, dbbhg anrmsbvb
sĊ sm dajĊ pfĊjuŪb. Bar afŪbb sm
sau dlflsbhg ruŜbhma èopltrbva ruŜbhbb (juo ar db trbobtmrma uhlr m-oabf-arb
uhlr m-oabf-arb èhjĊrjatm
èhjĊrjatm gm urĊ).
Jmb oab oufŪb gbhtrm hlb sm dlflsmsj gm tlatm trmb stratmnbbfm ‗ èh olomhtm gbdmrbtm, ju pmrslahm gbdmrbtm, gbh oltbvm
gbdmrbtm.

21
èhsĊ ajmstm stratmnbb hm èopbmgbjĊ sĊ stakbfbo l fmnĊturĊ rmafĊ ju jbhmva ‗ prbh mfm, hm gmtaŜĊo gm sudmrbhŪa pm jarm hm-l
prlvlaj Ċ ruŜ bhma.
Tlb vlrkb èh jlhtbhuarm gmsprm uha gbhtrm sbtuaŪbbfm èh jarm ao trĊbt l rmajŪbm gm ruŜbhm. Astdmf, tlatm jlhjmptmfm dlflsbtm vlr
jĊpĊta uh pfus gm jfarbtatm. Hu mstm uhuf gbhtrm olomhtmfm omfm jmfm oab kuhm, gar mstm uh mxmopfu pltrbvbt, jarm aratĊ gm
jm m boplrtaht sĊ juftbvb Ŝb sĊ prajtbjb rmzbfbmhŪa fa ruŜbhm, gajĊ hu vrmb sĊ tm èhjarjb ju Ŝb oab ouftĊ ruŜbhm, jëhg tm adfb bhtr-
l sbtuaŪbm gurmrlasĊ.
Oab èhtëb, vrmau sĊ spuh jëtm jmva gmsprm obhm èhsĊob, pmhtru a putma db èhŪmfmasĊ oab kbhm èhtëopfarma rmspmjtbvĊ. Ob-a
dlst èhtltgmauha nrmu sĊ rmduz l bhvbtaŪbm fa l jlhdmrbhŪĊ. GupĊ oab oufŪb ahb èh jarm ao èhjmrjat sĊ-b oufŪuomsj pm jmb gbh
cur Ŝ b sĊ oĊ j loplrt pmrdm jt, azb ob-m nrmu sĊ bau g mjbzbb prbh jarm Ŝtbu jĊ gmzaoĊ nmsj pm j bhmva . ‘ Data kuhĊ" gbh o bhm h u
suplrtĊ asmomhma fujrurb. ZpbrbguŜbb èob Ŝlptmsj fa urmjem3 ‘Lr sĊ jrmagĊ jĊ mŜtb l hmrmjuhlsjĊtlarm", Ŝb3 ‘Hu db mnlbstĊ".
B )m asmomhma, oĊ nëhgmsj tmoĊtlarm jĊ, gajĊ rmduz, hbomhb hu oĊ va oab èhtrmka vrmlgatĊ gajĊ vrmau sĊ partbjbp. Wljoab
atuhjb, spbrbguŜuf èob spuhm3 ‘Trmb oab ouft tbop gm lgbehĊ< Ab nrbcĊ jm-Ūb glrmŜtb, dbbhgjĊ s-ar putma sĊ sm èhgmpfbhmasjĊ ‗
Ŝb tlatĊ ouhja asta, fa jarm spub jĊ Ūbb atët gm ouft, sm va gujm uha-gluĊ pm apa sëokmtmb."
Hlua oma eltĊrë rm gm a-ob stakbfb hbŜtm fbobtm mstm rmzuft atuf jmflr glbsprm zmjm ahb, èh jarm ao èhjmrj at sĊ rĊspuh g fa
èhtrmkarma3 ‘Jm èhsmaohĊ sĊ trĊbmŜtb gbh pfbh<" Ŝb juo sm platm dajm trmjmrma gm fa3 ‘Jm vlr jrmgm jmbfafŪb gmsprm obhm<", fa3
‘Mu bhsĊob suht gm acuhs". Gbhtrm laomhbb pm jarm b-ao bhtmrvbmvat,
bhtmrvbmvat, jmb oab mopatbjb
mopatbjb Ŝb jarm avmau rmfaŪbb prlduhgm
prlduhgm ju
jmbfafŪb Ŝtbau sĊ bopuhĊ Ŝb sĊ rmspmjtm fbobtm. Hu vrmau glar sĊ stugbmz Ŝb sĊ jĊfĊtlrmsj tlt tbopuf, vlrkbhg gmsprm jm
èhsmaohĊ sĊ trĊbmŜtb gbh pfbh0 vrmau sĊ Ŝb trĊbmsj astdmf. èhsmaohĊ j-ar trmkub sĊ
2;
rmduz jao 59% gbhtrm bhvbtaŪbbfm fa jlhdmrbhŪm, jarm ob sm daj. Fm ajjmpt huoab atuhjb, jëhg sm pltrbvmsj pfahurbflr daobfbmb
omfm, prlnraoufub omu gm jmrjmtarm, vbmŪbb omfm, èh nmhmraf.
èh dbhm, ahuf trmjut ao prbobt uh m-oabf
uh m-oabf gm
gm fa uh kĊrkat dlartm supĊrat pm obhm, gbh jauzĊ jĊ hu putusmo sĊ vbh sĊ vlrkmsj fa
uh mvmhbomht
mvmhbomht lrnahbzat gm mf. [mduzasmo
[mduzasmo bhvbtaŪba,
bhvbtaŪba, pmhtru jĊ aftdmf ar db trmkubt
trmkubt sĊ fbpsmsj
fbpsmsj gm fa zbua gm haŜtmrm a uhub
daobfbmb. M-oabf-uV mra
omokru af daobfbmb. M-oabf-uV mra rĊutĊjbls
rĊutĊjbls Ŝb pfbh gm atajurb pmrslhafm.
pmrslhafm. ZpbrbguŜbb
ZpbrbguŜbb omb Ŝb-au jao dĊjut gm jap, èh zbua
ajmma!
èh flj sĊ-b rĊspuhg, ao eltĊrët sĊ b-f trbobt slŪufub omu, ju uh obj jlomhtarbu, èh jarm-b spuhmao mxajt jm jrmgmao gmsprm
Ŝb m-oabf-VbV sĊu.
ajmf kĊrkat Ŝb m-oabf-VbV sĊu. ZboŪmao hmvlba sĊ oĊ gmsjarj gm tlatĊ ruŜbhma Ŝb durba ajuoufatm. [mjuhlsj, hu mra hbjb uroĊ
juvëhtuf jĊjaturb. Gm
gm ‘datĊ kuhĊ" èh jlomhtarbuf rmspmjtbv. Hu plt hbjb jlhdbroa, hbjb bhdbroa j-aŜ db dlflsbt juvëhtuf jĊjaturb. Gm gluĊ lrb.
pm [mpfy, èh
Atëta glar, j-ao gat jfbj pm [mpfy, gm Dlrwarg.
èh flj gm Dlrwarg.
èh smjuhga èh jarm, gbhsprm faptlpuf omu Oaj, s-a auzbt vëcëbtuf ajmfa gm avblh, pm jarm-f sjlatm jëhg trbobŪb uh m-oabf, ao
m-oabf, ao
mxjfaoat3 ‘Hu sm platm aŜa jmva! Tbhl èhaplb!" OĊ ubtao èhjĊ fa mjrah, jlopfmt parafbzatĊ gm ruŜbhm, jëhg jmfĊfaft ob-a
rĊspuhs jmva gm nmhuf3 ‘]btm jĊ ao grmptatm, jebar mŜtb l
mŜtb l pmrslahĊ lrbkbfĊ. Řb fm oab mxpfbjb jmflrfafŪb juo mstm sĊ trĊbasjĊ
gbh pfbh! MŜtb jufoma hmsboŪbrbb!"
Jrbza gm ruŜbhm acuhsmsm gmca fa puhjtuf
puhjtuf oaxbo. Ob sm usjasm nura, tbopuf
tbopuf parjĊ èhjmtbhbsm
èhjmtbhbsm Ŝb vmgmao hmnru gbhabhtma
ljebflr. Ao èhnebŪbt èh smj, èh tbop jm spbrbguŜbb èhjmpusmrĊ sĊ-ob ŜlptmasjĊ fa urmjem3 ‘M agmvĊrat. Jebar mŜtb l hmsboŪbtĊ.
Juo ab putut sĊ dbb atët gm prlastĊ<" ZpbrbguŜbb
ZpbrbguŜbb èhtltgmauha Ŝtbu juo sĊ flvmasjĊ èh pfbh puhjt smhsbkbf. èhgatĊ jm-ao rmuŜbt
sĊ rmspbr jët-gm-jët hlroaf, ao èhjmput sĊ rmpmt fa hmsdërŜbt3 ‘Gurmrm, gurmrm, gurmrm..."
2:
Ajmasta m stratmnba bhvmhtatĊ gm Jarlfbhm, l glaohĊ pm jarm ao bhtmrvbmvat-l prboa larĊ èh prbobb omb ahb gm jmrjmtarm, bar
a glua larĊ, jëŪbva ahb oab tërzbu, gupĊ jm-Ŝb dlroasm rmzb- fbmhŪa fa ruŜbhm. Jarlfbhm ob-a spus jĊ, lrb gm jëtm lrb sm sbotm
ruŜbhatĊ, juvëhtuf gurmrm ju
ruŜbhatĊ, èhjmpm bomgbat sĊ rmpmtm juvëhtuf gurmrm ju vljm farm3 ‘Gurmrm, gurmrm, gurmrm". Ob-a spus aŜa3 ‘Řtbu jĊ suhĊ
flartm jbugat, Ŝb prlkakbf jĊ par uh pbj hmkuhĊ, gar ‗ hu Ŝtbu gbh jm oltbv ‗ jebar duhjŪblhmazĊ".
kbhmèhŪm fms jĊ duhjŪb lhmazĊ ! Mstm l mxjmf mhtĊ olgafbta tm gm a gmjupf a prlnra ouf gm suprav bmŪubr m af jrmbm rufub rmptbfba h,
pmhtru a puhm èh duhjŪbu hm jlrtmx uf prmdr lhtaf. GupĊ uh obhut sau gluĊ èh jarm ao rmpmta t oahtra ‘gurm rm", ao tras amr
agëhj èh pbmpt Ŝb ao èhjmrjat sĊ-ob aguh nëhgurbfm. Ob-ao spus3 ..Kuh, tljoab ao avut l jrbzĊ gm ruŜbhm. Ajuo suht èh
rmnufĊ. ('.m
rmnufĊ. ('.m m
m gm dĊjut èh jlhtbhuarm< Zbnur jĊ oĊ gmsjurj."
Ao rmjuhlsjut sboptlomfm dbzbjm jarm ob-au pmrobs sĊ rmajtbvmz zlhmfm jmrmkrafm asljbatm ju nëhgbrma Ŝb sĊ-ob aobhtmsj
gm jmfm trmb tmehbjb gm fuptĊ afm rĊzklbhbjufub hbhca spbrbguŜ, ((•prmzmhtëhg, pmhtru obhm, jma oab kuhĊ jafm gm acuhnmrm fa
rmzbfbmhŪa fa ruŜbhm. Gbh dmrbjbrm, fm-
ao mxmrsat sudbjbmht gm ouft, ja sĊ Ŝtbu jĊ suht akslfut jlhtra-bhtubtbvm Ŝb jĊ trmkubm .. b ao
B
èhjrmgmrm, pur Ŝb sbopfu, èh tlt ajmst prljms3
B MxmrsmazĊ-Ūb juracuf Ŝb jautĊ sĊ jlouhbjb ju jbhmva aprlpbat! Ab prmdmra sĊ tm asjuhzb gm jmbfafŪb, gar sbhnuruf olg èh jarm
plŪb fup ta ju ruŜbhma , tltl gatĊ a rĊtëhg u-Ūb r mspmjt daŪĊ gm tbh m èhsuŪ b mstm sĊ-Ūb èopĊrtĊ ŜmŜtb mxpmr bmhŪa ju jb hmva j arm Ŝ b-
a jëŜtbnat grmptuf s-l asjuftm ‗ jbhmva jarm tm bukmŜtm gatlrbtĊ vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbflr tafm, hu èh jbuga flr.
1
TlrkmŜtm ju tbhm èhsuŪb fa dmf juo ab vlrkb ju jbhmva fa jarm Ūbb dlartm ouft Ŝb jĊruba vrmb sĊ-b agujb afbharm, jëhg trmjm prbhtr-
uh olomht dlartm nrmu3 ‘M-h rmnufĊ. MŜtb lo. WlŪb laomhbb daj nrmŜmfb." Gm lkbjmb, jëhg trmjb prbhtr-l jrbzĊ
27
gm ruŜbhm, vlrkmŜtb ju tbhm èhsuŪb aŜa juo HBJBLGAWċ hu b-ab vlrkb jubva pm jarm-B bukmŜtb Ŝb- B rmspmjŪb.
:. AsuoĊ-Ūb
AsuoĊ-Ūb jm Ūb s-a èhtëopfat! Hu èhjmrja sĊ dajb èhtëopfarma
èhtëopfarma ubtatĊ,
ubtatĊ, h-l fĊsa sĊ glspmasjĊ èh tbhm, pmhtru jĊ, èh dmfuf
ajmsta, va acuhnm sĊ tm gmdbhmasjĊ. Gm ouftm lrb, èob spuh ju vljm tarm3 ‘GajĊ-Ūb asuob plvmstma asta, tu vmb stakbfb
juo sm tmrobhĊ". Jëhg èhjmrjb s-l dajb ubtatĊ, plvmstma m jma jarm-Ūb bopuhm uh ahuobt rlf. GajĊ Ūb-l asuob, èhsĊ, ab
Ŝahsa sĊ dbb tu jmf jarm-b jrmmzb dbhafuf. GupĊ juo spuhma Jarb Cuhn3 ‘Hu suht jmma jm ob s-a èhtëopfat. Zuht jmma jm
ao afms sĊ gmvbh."
Ju tlatm jĊ Ŝtbao jĊ fujruf jmf oab pmrbjufls pm jarm-f plŪb dajm, gupĊ l jrbzĊ gm ruŜbhm, mstm sĊ tm asjuhzb lrb sĊ dajb ubtatĊ
plvmstm a, ob- a dlst tmaoĊ sĊ gbs jut j u jbhm va. WltuŜb, ao gat jëtmv a tmfm dlahm .
B-ao suhat pm slŪuf omu Ztmvm Ŝb pm kuha oma prbmtmhĊ @armh. Ob-au ldmrbt aoëhglb fujruf gm jarm avmao hmvlbm jmf oab
ouft3 mopatbm ‗ jma oab kuhĊ olgafbtatm gm a-b arĊta jubva jĊ hu mstm sbhnur. Zprm gmlsmkbrm gm jrbtbjb (jarm mxajmrkmazĊ
ruŜbhma), mopatba èŪb jlhdbroĊ ju sbopfbtatm jĊ hu mŜtb sbhnur.
Mopatba èhsmaohĊ jĊ ab l fmnĊturĊ admjtbvĊ ju jbhmva0 m jafma gm bmŜbrm gbh duhgĊtura ruŜbhbb. Hu huoab jĊ Ztmvm Ŝb @armh
o-au acutat sĊ bms gbh ajma starm, asjuftëhgu-oĊ Ŝb trahsob- Ūëhgu-ob admjŪbuhma flr, jb au dlst mb èhŜbŜb vufhmrakbfb, plvms-
tbhgu-ob jĊ trmjusmrĊ Ŝb mb prbh ajmmaŜb duhgĊturĊ a ruŜbhbb. Mopatba hu rmjfaoĊ ja bhtmrfljutlruf sĊ db trĊbt mxajt ajmfmaŜb
mxpmrbmhŪm pm jarm b fm èopĊrtĊŜmŜtb. Hbjb @armh Ŝb hbjb Ztmvm hu trbobsmsmrĊ m-oabf-urb sbobfarm,
m-oabf-urb sbobfarm, èhsĊ aoëhglb mrau dlartm
daobfbarbzaŪb ju spbrbguŜbb boplstlrb Ŝb ju smhzaŪba jĊ ‘ab dlst prbhs", prmjuo Ŝb ju mxpmrbmhŪa dlroufmb ‘ao gat-l-h karĊ!"
Mopatba èhsmaohĊ sĊ èhŪmfmnb molŪba jmfub jarm-Ūb vlrkmŜtm, hu hmapĊrat mvmhbomhtuf sau jbrjuostahŪmfm jm au prlvljat-l.
6 3` mstm ruŜbhma Ŝb j uo fupŪb èopltrbva mb

2=
[uŜbhma s-a mvaplrat èh olomhtuf èh jarm ob-ao gat smaoa b u hu mrao sbhnurĊ, jĊ mxpmrbmhŪa oma mra jmva lomhmsj.
B htmrmsaht m jĊ Ztmvm Ŝb @armh s-au raplrtat fa prlkfmoa oma b h olg gbdmrbt. Ztmvm mra oab smrbls, èh nmhuf3 ‘Ga, ga, èob
gau smaoa juo a dlst, ao trmjut Ŝb mu prbh asta". Bar @armh o-a fĊjut sĊ rëg èh cuoĊtatm gm obhut. Jmma jm au avut èh jlouh
jmfm gluĊ aklrgĊrb a dlst omsacuf3
omsacuf3 ‘Řtbu gmsprm jm-b vlrka", pm jarm ob f-au trahsobs. Mopatba Mopatba mstm uh fujru strahbu Ŝb
putmrhb j, èh ajmfa Ŝb tbop. Hu uromaz Ċ uh sjmha rbu. Hu mxbstĊ uh olg jlrmj t, sau aftuf nrmŜbt , gm a-Ūb oahbdm sta mopatba . B
vlrka, pur Ŝb sbopfu, sĊ asjufŪb, sĊ dbb prmzmht, afĊturb gm . mfĊfaft, sĊ tm akŪbb sĊ jrbtbjb, sĊ stakbfmŜtb l fmnĊturĊ molŪblhafĊ 8b
sĊ-b trahsobŪb jmfubfaft omsacuf ‗ gm l bhjrmgbkbfĊ dlrŪĊ vbhgmjĊtlarm ‗ jĊ hu m sbhnur.
( ]hvmrsaŪbbfm ju Ztmvm Ŝb @armh o-au acutat sĊ gmpĊŜmsj ruŜbhma Ŝb sĊ-ob rmvbh gbh puhjt gm vmgmrm molŪblhaf. Ao putut
ajmfub m-oabf èhjĊrjat
bstdmf sĊ rĊspuhg ajmfub m-oabf èhjĊrjat gm rmsmhtbomhtm, avëhg jlhŜtbbhŪa prlprbmb vaflrb Ŝb dbbhg mu èhsĊob. Ob-ao asuoat
partma oma gm vbhĊ p mhtru sjeboku f ldmh satlr gm m-oabf-urb Ŝb
m-oabf-urb Ŝb ob-ao jmrut sjuzm pmhtru fbokacuf bhagmjvat. Gm asmomhma,
B ao èhŜtbbhŪat pm bhtmrfljutlr jarm suht rmnufbfm Ŝb aŜtmptĊrbfm omfm, bh jaz jĊ va glrb sĊ oab gbsjutĊo. Hu o-a oab jĊutat
hbjblgatĊ.
[uŜbhma prbhgm dlrŪm hlb, atuhjb jëhg l trahsdlrob bhtr-uh '.mjrmt. Aprlpl gm asta, s-au dĊjut jëtmva stugbb smrblasm, jarm b 6
8hdbroĊ agmvĊruf adbroaŪbmb3 ‘Klafa m pm oĊsura smjrmtmflr pm jarm fm asjuhzb", jm stĊ fa kaza prlnraomflr èh glbsprmzmjm
paŜb. Caoms Ymhhm ka`mr, prldm slr fa ]hbvmrs btatma gbh Wmxas, Ŝb afŪb jëŪbva jlfmnb gm-ab sĊb au gmsdĊŜ urat uh stugbu gm
pblhbmr at gm sprm j mma jm sm èhtëopfĊ , atu hjb jë hg supr avbmŪub tlrbb u hmb tr auom ‗ ahuom , vbj tbomfm vblfufub Ŝb afm
bhjmstufub ‗ pĊstrmazĊ smjrmtuf ju prbvbrm fa jmma jm fb s-a èhtëopfat. Mjebpa j fm jmrjmtarm a gmsjlpmrbt jĊ daptuf gm a hu
gbsjuta gmsprm uh
24
mvmhbomht trauoatbj sau gm a hu plvmstb hboĊhub jm Ūb s-a èhtëopfat platm db oab hljbv gmjët trauoa èh sbhm. Ym gm aftĊ
partm, jëhg laomhbb èŜb plvmstm au m xpmrbm hŪa trĊbtĊ , sĊ hĊtatm a f lr dbzbjĊ sm èokuhĊt ĊŪma, dĊjma u oa b pu Ūbhm vbzbtm fa gljtlr,
bar hbvmfuf elrolhbflr gm strms mra smohbdbjatbv oab obj.
èhjĊ gm fa prbomfm safm stugbb asupra mdmjtmflr pĊstrĊrbb smjrmtufub, Ymhhmka`mr a ajlrgat l atmhŪbm gmlsmkbtĊ putmrbb
vbhgmjĊtlarm a plvmstbrbb èh sjrbs a prlprbmb trauom. èh jartma sa, Zjrbb, ja sĊ tm vbhgmjb, mf adbroa3 ‘Gm fa obcfljuf ahbflr
1259, uh oarm huoĊr gm stugbb au aklrgat boplrtahŪa sjrbsufub èh vbhgmjarma uhmb trauom. MxbstĊ tlt oab ouftm glvmzb jarm
aratĊ jĊ ajtuf gm a sjrbm gmsprm l mxpmrbmhŪĊ trauoatbjĊ, dbm Ŝb 1=-;9 gm obhutm pm zb, tbop gm trmb-patru zbfm, platm gujm fa
mvbgmhtm sjebokĊrb èh sĊhĊtatma dbzbjĊ Ŝb omhtafĊ a vbjtbomflr. AjmastĊ dlroĊ gm tmrapbm èokuhĊtĊŪmŜtm lkbjmburbfm fmnatm gm
sloh, mdbjbmhŪa fa fljuf gm ouhjĊ Ŝb dmfuf juo bhgbvbguf rmfaŪblhmazĊ ju jmbfafŪb."
[mzbfbmhŪa fa ruŜbhm mstm uh mxmrjbŪbu Ŝb, fa dmf ja Ymhhmka`mr, jrmg jĊ a sjrbm gmsprm jm mxpmrbmhŪm ruŜbhlasm ao avut mstm uh
mfmomht boplrtaht af mxmrjbŪbufub. Ajmsta sm dlromazĊ èhtr-uh tbop èhgmfuhnat Ŝb hmjmsbtĊ juracuf gm a dajm uh mdlrt Ŝb gm a
gbsjuta mxpmrbmhŪmfm gbdbjbfm. GajĊ parjurnb ajmstm rëhgurb Ŝb tm nëhgmŜtb3 ‘AŜ vrma sĊ dbu èh starm sĊ ao asmomhma gbsjuŪbb
ju partmhmruf omu, ju uh prbmtmh sau ju jlpbfuf omu", da-l, hbobj hu tm lprmŜtm! GajĊ fm jbtmŜtb Ŝb-Ūb spub3 ‘[uŜbhma a
gmvmhbt uh fujru atët gm lkbŜhubt èh rmfaŪba gbhtrm Ŝmdb Ŝb ahnacaŪb, fa obhm fa smrvbjbu, èhjët hu m gm obrarm jĊ laomhbb suht
atët puŪbh bopfbjaŪb èh jm daj ‗ aŜ vrma sĊ plt vlrkb gmsprm asta", da-l huoabgmjët! Hu-b hmvlbm sĊ Ŝtbb mxajt jm sm èhtëopfĊ
sau sĊ ab tlatm bhdlroaŪbbfm plsbkbfm, èhabhtm sĊ bhbŪbmzb uh gbafln. M sudbjbmht sĊ-b spub Ŝmdufub tĊu3 ‘Ao jbtbt l jartm, èh jarm
uh japbtlf èhtrmn mra gmgbjat huoab ruŜbhbb. AŜ vrma sĊ vlrkbo gmsprm asta. èŪb èopruout jartma, ja sĊ-Ūb dajb l bgmm<"
JM MZWM []ŘBHMA ŘB J]O F]YūB ÈOYLW[BTA MB

2>
èh uroĊtlarmfm smjŪbuhb, m vlrka gmsprm kĊrkaŪb, dmomb, ruŜbhm Ŝb smhtbomhtuf prlprbmb vaflrb. Jrmg jĊ vmb glrb sĊ-b rmjloahzb
Ŝmdufub tĊu Ŝb ajmstm pĊrŪb. Jmma jm ao èhvĊŪat gmsprm kĊrkaŪb Ŝb ruŜbhm ob-a sjebokat, mdmjtbv, vbaŪa.
Yëhzm gm pĊbahcmh Ŝb jutbb3 gm jm kĊrkaŪbb Ŝb dmombfm trĊbmsj ruŜbhma èh olg

gbdmrbt<
Bh prbobb patru ahb èh jarm ao stugbat ruŜbhma, o-ao jlhjmh- f rat mxjfusbv asupra dmombflr. èh ajma pmrblagĊ, oufŪb jmrjmtĊ-
flrb jrmgmau ‗ Ŝb uhbb èhjĊ oab jrmg ‗ jĊ kĊrkaŪbb Ŝb dmombfm trĊbmsj ruŜbhma èh olg gbdmrbt. èob dĊjmao nrbcb jĊ, gajĊ puh
afĊturb gatmfm lkŪbhutm gm fa dmomb ju jmfm lkŪbhutm gm fa kĊrkaŪb, aŜ trmjm ju vmgmrma uhmfm aspmjtm boplrtahtm afm trĊbrbflr
flr. AŜa j-ao lptat sĊ bhtmrvbmvmz glar dmomb ‗ agobt jĊ uhuf gbhtrm oltbvm a dlst Ŝb jlhvbhnmrma oma jĊ dmombfm suht jmfm
ju gbdbjuftĊŪb oab oarb èh jmma jm prbvmŜtm smhtbomhtuf prlprbmb vaflrb. Jrmg jĊ, fa kaza eltĊrërbb omfm, a oab stat bhtubŪba jĊ,
gajĊ aŜ bhtmrvbmva Ŝb kĊrkaŪb, ar db ja Ŝb juo aŜ bhtra èhtr-l .bftĊ fuom, hluĊ Ŝb strahbm èh ajmfaŜb tbop.
Bh jmfm gbh uroĊ, ao gmsjlpmrbt jĊ mra, èhtr-agmvĊr, l fuom hluĊ Ŝb strahbm ‗ l fuom a sudmrbhŪmb hmmxprboatm. Ao
èhtrmzĊrbt puŪbh gbh ajmastĊ fuom èh ;99=, fa dbhafuf uhmba gbhtrm prmfmnmrbfm omfm. ]h kĊrkat èhaft Ŝb sfak, jao fa Ŝabzmjb-Ŝb-
jmva gm ahb, s-a aprlpbat gm partma gbh daŪĊ a sĊfbb, pĊŜbhg èh uroa «bŪbmb fub. Yurta uh puflvmr nafkmh Bzlg ‗ l boanbhm jarm
ob a èhtbpĊrbt èh obhtm. Ao vlrkbt ju slŪba fub jëtmva obhutm, bh jarm tbop b-ao gat autlnradm pm jĊrŪbfm pm jarm fm juopĊrasm
pmhtru ma Ŝb dbbjmf m mb. èh olomhtu f èh jarm slŪba a plrhbt jĊtrm O-Ŝbrm , kĊrka tuf b-a spus3 ‘AŜtma ptĊ- oĊ l jfbpĊ, vbh
bomgbat."
B vbgmht, slŪba fub hu vlba ja mf sĊ gbsjutm ju obhm. A èhjmrjat a B jlhvbhnĊ prbh jëtmva runĊobhŪb, gar èh zagar. KbhmèhŪmfms,
mu nëhgmao3 ‘Gu-tm ju ma, aobjm, oĊ spmrbb, jm sm-htëopfĊ<!"
25
GupĊ jëtmva èhjmrjĊrb hmrmuŜbtm, slŪba s-a èhgrmptat jĊtrm spatmfm sĊfbb, bar mf s-a èhtlrs ju daŪa sprm obhm, ajlfl uhgm mrao,
fëhnĊ oasa pm jarm gĊgmao autlnradm.
JlhvmrsaŪba a èhjmput ju jëtmva lksmrvaŪbb hmvbhlvatm3
‗ Ob-a p fĊjut jm-a Ūb spus gmsprm ruŜbhm , dla rtm b htmrms aht.
B-ao oufŪuobt Ŝb ao aŜtmptat sĊ jlhtbhum ‗ mrao jlhvbhsĊ jĊ uroa sĊ-ob spuhĊ Ŝb aftjmva. Z-a aprlpbat Ŝb oab
ouft Ŝb o-a èhtrmkat3

‗ Zuht j urbls3 jm pĊ rmrm avmŪb gmsprm dmfuf juo tr Ċbmsj kĊrkaŪ bb ru Ŝbhma< Jm-aŪb gmsjlp mrbt g msprm hlb<
Ao avut uh smhtbomht gm uŜurarm ‗ gbsjuŪba uroa sĊ gurmzm puŪbh, pmhtru jĊ hu Ŝtbao oarm fujru.
‗ H-ao d Ċjut prma ouftm b htmrvb urb ju kĊrka Ūb. Zt ugbb ao èhtrmp rbhs h uoab gm sprm dmomb.
A gat gbh jap Ŝb a spus3

‗ Oga. AŪb afms j afma jma oab uŜla rĊ.
O-ao dlrŪat sĊ zëokmsj Ŝb f-ao èhtrmkat, pm uh tlh asjuŪbt, juo daj lrb gm jëtm lrb oĊ adfu èhtr-l sbtuaŪbm bhjlolgĊ3
‗ Jm vrm Ūb sĊ spuhmŪ b prbh ‘jafm a jma oab uŜl arĊ ' <
‗ Jebar g lrbŪb s Ċ ŜtbŪb <
f-ao rĊspuhs adbroatbv, jmma jm mra glar pm cuoĊtatm agmvĊrat. Mrao ju narga sus. èh ajmf olomht, b s-
au uopfut ljebb gm fajrbob Ŝb ob-a spus3

‗ Řb h luĊ hm m ruŜb hm. ]h mlrb, tmrbkbf gm ru Ŝbhm. Gar, j ëhg èh jmrjĊ o sĊ s puhmo jubva gmspr m asta , hm jlpfmŜm sj mol Ūbbfm.
Ob-a dlst nrmu sĊ pĊstrmz jlhtajtuf vbzuaf ju mf. ZudmrbhŪa fub oĊ molŪblhasm, gar èhjĊ oab èhjmrjao sĊ oĊ prltmcmz admjtbv.
Jebar èh jfbpa èh jarm vlbao sĊ daj l rmoarjĊ gmsprm jët gm gurb suht kĊrkaŪbb uhbb ju afŪbb, kĊtrëhuf a jlhtbhuat3

- èhabhtm sĊ spuhmŪb jmva gmsprm jët gm rĊb plt db ahtrmhlrbb, Ŝmdbb, draŪbb Ŝb taŪbb... Ob-a arĊtat ju gmnmtuf èhsprm duhguf sĊfbb,
uhgm-f aŜtmpta slŪba, Ŝb a agĊunat3 HmvastĊ-oma Ŝb dbbjmfm omfm, pmhtru jarm aŪb gat autlnradmfm, ar prmdmra sĊ oĊ vagĊ olrt,
gmjët sĊ adfm j-ao gmvmhbt uh lo sfak. ZpuhmaŪb jĊ dmombfm vlr sĊ dbo vufhmrakbfb Ŝb sĊ hm arĊtĊo aŜa juo suhtmo... Eab sĊ
dbo smrblŜb! H- aŪb suplrta aŜa jmva. Tb s-ar dajm sbfĊ, gajĊ hm-aŪb vmgma èh dmfuf Ċsta.
[majŪba oma fa juvbhtmfm fub a dlst gm-a grmptuf vbsjmrafĊ. Avma grmptatm ‗ jm-ob spusmsm oĊ bzkbsm aŜa juo huoab
agmvĊruf platm s-l dajĊ. KĊtrëhuf a ldtat agëhj Ŝb ob-a spus, pm ajmfaŜb Blh nrĊkbt gm fa èhjmput3
Atët ao avut sĊ vĊ spuh. OufŪuomsj jĊ o-aŪb asjuftat. Aplb a pfmjat. Ob-ao pmtrmjut jëŪbva ahb bhtmrvbmvëhg dmombfm
Ŝb asjuftëh- gu-fm juo èŜb bstlrbsmau prlkfmomfm. èh ajmf olomht, ob-ao gat smaoa jĊ kĊrkaŪbb au Ŝb mb plvmŜtbfm flr Ŝb jĊ
huoab èoprmuhĊ,
èoprmuhĊ, kĊrkaŪb Ŝb dmomb gmlpltrbvĊ,
gmlpltrbvĊ, ao db putut gmsjlpmrb l jafm gm a gmpĊŜb gmpĊŜb ruŜbhma. ZmjŪbuhma gm daŪĊ, gmjb,
juprbhgm fujrurbfm pm jarm fm-ao èhvĊŪat gmsprm kĊrkaŪb Ŝb dmomb, gmsprm dmfuf èh b arm hm dajmo uhbb pm afŪbb sĊ sudmrbo Ŝb jët
gm ouftĊ hmvlbm avmo sĊ hm acutĊo rmjbprlj, pmhtru a hm vbhgmja.
B a jm jlhjfuzbm ao acuhs, gupĊ jm ao gmsdĊŜurat stugbb atët pm `brkaŪb, jët Ŝb pm dmomb3 jĊ Ŝb pm mb, Ŝb pm mfm èb admjtmazĊ
ruŜbhma bh mnafĊ oĊsurĊ. Bgmbfm Ŝb aŜtmptĊrbfm jarm erĊhmsj ruŜbhma gbdmrĊ gm fa uh smx fa jmfĊfaft, èhsĊ mxpmrbmhŪa ruŜbhbb mstm
uhbvmrsafĊ 8b prlduhg uoahĊ.
dmombfm Ŝb japjaha ruŜbhbb

• Ahg fm-ao jmrut dmombflr sĊ-ob spuhĊ jm èhŪmfmn prbh ruŜbhm, •au ju jm sbtuaŪbb l asljbazĊ, batĊ jm rĊspuhsurb ao prbobt3
199
• Z-arĊt
Z-arĊt pmrdmj
pmrdmjt,t, sĊ oĊ jlop
jloplrt
lrt pmrdm
pmrdmjt,
jt, sĊ dbu
dbu pmrdmjt
pmrdmjtĊ.
Ċ. Lrbjm
Lrbjm aftjmva
aftjmva,, oab puŪbh
puŪbh,, m ruŜbhls
ruŜbhls..
• ZĊ dbu
dbu jrb
jrbtb
tbja
j atĊ
tĊ g m aftm
aftm oĊob
oĊobjbjb..
• ZĊ dbu
dbu mxpusĊ3
mxpusĊ3 bopmrdmjŪbuh
bopmrdmjŪbuhbfm
bfm dbbhŪmb
dbbhŪmb omfm,
omfm, pmpm jarm fm vrmau
vrmau asjuhsm
asjuhsm gm ljebb tuturlr,
tuturlr, sĊ dbm
dbm
sjlasm fa bvmafĊ.
• Bhgbdmr
Bhgbdmrmht
mht gm
gm jm ao rmuŜbt
rmuŜbt sĊ
sĊ daj sau gm gm jët gm gmpar
gmpartm
tm ao acuhs
acuhs èh
èh vbaŪĊ,
vbaŪĊ, trmju
trmjutuf
tuf omu
omu Ŝb fujru
fujrurbf
rbfmm
jĊrlra fm-ao supravbmŪubt oĊ vlr èopbmgbja omrmu sĊ sbot jĊ suht èhgmacuhs gm kuhĊ.
• Ju tlatm
tlatm jĊ fuoma Ŝtbm jĊ h-ab juo sĊ sĊ fm dajb
dajb pm tlatm, ma aŜtmaptĊ
aŜtmaptĊ jlhtrarbuf.
jlhtrarbuf. [uŜbhma
[uŜbhma aparm
aparm atuhjb
atuhjb
jëhg hu oab plt sĊ oĊ jloplrt ja Ŝb juo aŜ Ūbhm tltuf suk jlhtrlf.
• Jëhg
Jëhg hu suht
suht gmstu
gmstuff gm kuhĊ
kuhĊ ajasĊ.
ajasĊ. Jëhg
Jëhg hu suhtsuht gmstuf
gmstuf gm
gm kuhĊ fa fa smrvbjbu
smrvbjbu.. Jëhg
Jëhg hu suht
suht gmstuf
gmstuf
gm kuhĊ fa pat. Jëhg hu suht gmstuf gm kuhĊ pmhtru pĊrbhŪbb omb. [uŜbhma èhsmaohĊ sĊ nëhgmŜtb3 ‘Hu suht hbjblgatĊ
gmstuf gm kuhĊ".
• Jëhg
Jëhg hh-a
-ao
o flj
flj fa oas
oasaa tbpm
tbpmfl
flrr ‘tar
‘tarb"
b",, bar
bar mfm
mfm rëg gm obh
obhm.
m.
AobhtmŜtm-Ūb jmfm gluĊsprmzmjm jatmnlrbb gm ruŜbhm ‗ èhdĊŪbŜarma Ŝb boanbhma jlrplrafĊ, sbtuaŪba

dbhahjbarĊ Ŝb ljupaŪba, oatmrhbtatma/patmrhbtatma, sbtuaŪba daobfbafĊ, mxpmrbmhŪa gm a db pĊrbhtm,
sĊhĊtatma dbzbjĊ Ŝb psbebjĊ, gmpmhgmhŪa, rmfaŪbbfm smxuafm, èokĊtrëhbrma, rmfbnba, daptuf gm a
supravbmŪub uhmb trauom, prmjuo Ŝb mtbjemtarma sau gmsjrbmrma jubva, gm jĊtrm jmbfafŪb, prbhtr-uh
stmrmltbp.
èh jazuf dmombflr, gmjfahŜatlruf prboar af ruŜbhbb ‗ oĊ rmdmr abjb atët fa putmrma, jët Ŝb fa
uhbvmrsafbtatma sa ‗ mstm prbouf gm pm fbstĊ3 dmfuf juo arĊtĊo. Jufoma mstm jĊ, gupĊ atëŪba ahb gm
ajtbvbso gbh partma nrupurbflr dmobhbstm Ŝb gm mdlrturb gm jlhŜtbmhtbzarm a bhdfumhŪmb jufturafm
asupra boanbhbb jlrplrafm a dmombflr, jmma jm hm prlvlajĊ ruŜbhma èh jmf oab èhaft nrag mstm daptuf
jĊ hbjblgatĊ hu suhtmo sudbjbmht gm tbhmrm, sfakm Ŝb druolasm.
Bhtmrmsaht mstm jĊ pm fljuf af glbfma èh jfasaomhtuf dajtlrbflr gmjfahŜatlrb ab ruŜbhbb fa dmomb mstm oatmrhbtatma. Řb (klhus!)
hbjb oĊjar hu trmkubm sĊ dbb oaoĊ, ja sĊ trĊbmŜtb ruŜbhma fmnatĊ gm oatmrhbtatm. Zljbmtatma jlhsbgmrĊ jĊ mxbstĊ, èhtrm
dmobhbtatm Ŝb oatmrhbtatm, l fmnĊturĊ bhmxtrbjakbfĊ0 pm jafm gm jlhsmjbhŪĊ, agmsmlrb suhtmo mvafuatm, ja dmomb, prbh prbsoa
rlfufub hlstru gm oaom sau gm vbbtlarm oaom. Dmombfm suht omrmu èhtrmkatm gm jm hu s-au oĊrbtat èhjĊ sau, gajĊ suht
jĊsĊtlrbtm, gm jm h-au dĊjut jlpbb èhjĊ. YëhĊ Ŝb dmombfm jĊsĊtlrbtm Ŝb jarm au uh jlpbf suht agmsmlrb èhtrmkatm gm jm h-au oab
dĊjut uh jlpbf. GbdmrmhŪa gm vërstĊ gbhtrm jlpbb m prma oarm< ‘Jm a dlst èh obhtma ta<" GbdmrmhŪa m prma objĊ< ‘Hu m kbhm, h-
l sĊ plŪb sĊ fm ldmrb fa dmf gm ouftĊ admjŪbuhm." GajĊ fujrmzb, prboa èhtrmkarm mstm3 ‘èh prbvbhŪa jlpbbflr, jm dajb<" GajĊ hu
fujrmzb, fuoma tm èhtrmakĊ3 ‘Jm dmf gm mxmopfu fm gab dmtmflr tafm<" [uŜbhma fmnatĊ gm oatmrhbtatm mstm ukbjuuĊ. M uh grmpt
èhhĊsjut af dmtmflr Ŝb dmombflr.
Gar agmvĊrata prlkfmoĊ
prlkfmoĊ ju jarm sm jlhdruhtĊ dmombfm ‗ jarm fm aopfbdbjĊ
aopfbdbjĊ ruŜbhma, bhgbdmrmht
bhgbdmrmht gm jatmnlrbm ‗ mstm jĊ
fuoma aŜtmaptĊ gm fa hlb (bar jëtmlgatĊ Ŝb hlb glrbo asta) sĊ dbo pmrdmjtm0 pm gm aftĊ partm, mstm bhtmrzbs sĊ sm vagĊ jët hm
strĊgubo. Wltuf ar trmkub sĊ sm èhtëopfm, juova, gm fa sbhm. YmrdmjŪbuhm dĊrĊ mdlrt! Wrmkubm sĊ ab l druousmŪm haturafĊ, sĊ
dbb l oaoĊ dĊrĊ jusur, uh fbgmr èhhĊsjut, uh pĊrbhtm èhzmstrat ‗ Ŝb ju tlŪbb vrmo sĊ avmo pĊrbhŪb mxtralrgbharb. NëhgmŜtm-
tm huoab fa jëŪb kahb sm daj gbh vëhzĊrbfm gm prlgusm jarm prlobt sĊ arĊŪb druolasĊ ‘èh olg haturaf". Bar, jëhg vbhm vlrka
gm fujru, hm pfajm sĊ auzbo3 ‘Dajm sĊ parĊ tltuf atët gm uŜlr", sau3 ‘Arm uh tafmht èhhĊsjut pmhtru asta!"
èh tbop jm-ob rĊsdlbao panbhbfm pfbhm gm mxmopfm Ŝb gmdbhbŪbb, pm jarm ob fm-au gat dmombfm
bhtmrvbmvatm, ob-a apĊrut gm oab ouftm lrb gbhabhtma ljebflr jmva ja l pëhzĊ gm pĊbahcmh3 l rmŪma
gm aŜtmptĊrb jlhtragbjtlrbb, suprapusm Ŝb jlhjurmhtm, jarm fm gbjtmazĊ dmombflr3
19; J][AC]F GM A DB T]FHM[AKBF

• jbhm trmkubm
trmkubm sĊ dbm,
dbm,
• jm trmkubm
trmkubm sĊ dbm Ŝb
Ŝb
• juo trmkubm
trmkubm sĊ sm jloplrtm.
jloplrtm.
Jëhg oĊ nëhgmsj fa mdlrturbfm dĊjutm ja sĊ èhgmpfbhmsj aŜtmptĊrbfm tuturlr ‗ uh fujru pm jarm dmombfm èf èhvaŪĊ prbh
sljbafbzarm ‗, èhŪmfmn gm jm dbmjarm nmst pm jarm-f daj oĊ èhgmaohĊ sĊ jlhtbhub èh ajmmaŜb gbrmjŪbm. Lrbjm tmhtatbvĊ gm a oĊ
mfbkmra gbh ajmastĊ pëhzĊ gm pĊbahcmh oĊ prbhgm èh japjahĊ Ŝb oab tarm. Asta, dbbhgjĊ dbmjarm lpŪbuhm vbhm ju ahuobtm
jlhsmjbhŪm Ŝb prlvlajĊ gmzaoĊnbrma jubva.
Yëhza gm pĊbahcmh mstm l kuhĊ omtadlrĊ pmhtru sbtuaŪba èh jarm hm jlhdruhtĊo ju l gbfmoĊ a afmnmrbb. èh tmromhbb autlarmb
dmobhbstm Oaryfbh Drym, mstm ‘l sbtuaŪbm èh jarm lpŪbuhbfm suht dlartm fbobtatm Ŝb dbmjarm gbhtrm mfm jlhgujm fa pmgmpsm, jrbtbjb
sau pbmrgmrb". èhtr-uh jlhtmxt èh jarm hm jlhdruhtĊo ju aŜtmptĊrb jlhjurmhtm Ŝb jlhtragbjtlrbb (jarm, gm ouftm lrb, suht èhjĊ
gm fa kuh èhjmput boplsbkbf gm atbhs), ar db kbhm sĊ hm jloplrtĊo èh dmfuf uroĊtlr3
• Dbb pmrdmjtĊ, gajĊ plŪb, gar hu dajm prma oarm jaz gm asta Ŝb hbjb hu sajrbdbja tbopuf pm pm jarm ar
trmkub sĊ-f gmgbjb aftlr fujrurb, juo ar db daobfba, partmhmruf gm vbaŪĊ sau ouhja, pmhtru a-Ūb èhgmpfbhb vbsuf gm
pmrdm jŪbuhm . Gaj Ċ mŜtb dlartm kuhĊ, pmrdm jŪbuhm a ar trmkub sĊ db m uŜlr gm lkŪ bhut.
• Zpuhm jmma jm nëhgmŜtb, dĊrĊ sĊ supmrb sau sĊ rĊhmŜtb pm jbhmva.
• YlŪb sĊ dajb gbh smx prmljuparma ta huoĊruf uhu (gupĊ jm Ūb-ab jufjat jlpbbb, ab pfbokat jëbhmfm
Ŝb ab tmrobhat gm dĊjut jurĊŪmhbm), gar ubtĊ
ubtĊ gm smx, atuhjb jëhg asbŜtb fa l ŜmgbhŪĊ ju pĊrbhŪbb. Hu juova sĊ dajb bhvmrs
‗ glar Ŝtbb j uo sm vlrkmŜ tm gm sprm d mombfm jarm vbh fa ŜmgbhŪm fm ju pĊrbhŪbb , ja sĊ ‘a naŪm" pm jb hmva.
JM MZWM []ŘBHMA ŘB J]O F]YūB ÈOYLW[BTA MB 19:

• Dbb tu èhsĊ
èhsĊŪb,
Ūb, gar hu Ŝb gajĊ asta èhsmaohĊ sĊ dbb tbobgĊ sau hmsbnurĊ pm tbhm. Hbobj hu mstm oab
smxy gmjët èhjrmgmrma èh sbhm (oab afms gajĊ mŜtb tëhĊrĊ Ŝb arĊŪb supmrk).
• Dbb sbhjmrĊ, gar èhjmarjĊ sĊ hu-b
hu-b stëhcmhmŜtb pm jmbfafŪb.
• Hu tm fĊsa èh vlba molŪbbflr,
molŪbbflr, gar hu db hbjb prma gmtaŜatĊ. MolŪbbfm èh mxjms tm plt dajm sĊ parb
bstmrbjĊ. GajĊ mŜtb prma gmtaŜatĊ, fuoma tm va jrmgm l tbjĊflasĊ ju bhboa gm nemaŪĊ.
èhtr-uh stugbu rmjmht, rmafbzat èh Ztatmfm ]hbtm pm tmoa jlhdlroĊrbb fa hlromfm dmobhbtĊŪbb, jmrjmtĊtlrbb au èhŜbrubt jmfm oab
boplrtahtm atrbkutm asljbatm ju daptuf gm ‘a db dmobhbhĊ"3 sĊ dbb kfëhgĊ Ŝb smrvbakbfĊ, sĊ jauŪb sĊ ab l sbfumtĊ pmrdmjtĊ, sĊ
gmolhstrmzb olgmstbm prbh daptuf jĊ hu dajb jaz gm tafmhtmfm sau akbfbtĊŪbfm tafm, sĊ tm bhtmrmsmzm vbaŪa gm daobfbm, sĊ ab nrbcĊ
gm jlpbb, sĊ bhvmstmŜtb molŪblhaf èh rmfaŪba ta Ŝb sĊ-b dbb partmhmrufub dbgmfĊ, sĊ tm dlflsmŜtb gm tlatm rmsursmfm pm jarm fm ab fa
gbsplzbŪbm, pmhtru a bhvmstb èh dmfuf juo arĊŪb.
èh msmhŪĊ, trmkubm sĊ dbo nata sĊ rĊoëhmo grĊnĊfaŜm, juobhŪb Ŝb jët sm platm gm tĊjutm, sĊ hm
dlflsbo tbopuf Ŝb tafmhtuf ja sĊ dbo druolasm. Tbsurbfm, aokbŪbbfm Ŝb tafmhtmfm hlastrm hu suht
boplrtahtm. DmrmasjĊ Guohmzmu, èhsĊ, ja l tëhĊrĊ gmŜtmaptĊ, jarm ar putma gmsjlpmrb trataomhtuf
jahjmrufub, sĊ gma pmstm fbstĊ Ŝb sĊ sm eltĊrasjĊ sĊ sm jlhdlromzm ‘rmnufbflr". GajĊ dajm aŜa jmva,
hu-Ŝb va rmafbza hbjblgatĊ pltmhŪbafuf ‗ plŪb db sbnur gm asta. Gm jm< DbbhgjĊ tlatm dmombfm gm
sujjms, pm jarm fm-ao bhtmrvbmvat, ob-au vlrkbt gmsprm daptuf jĊ trmkubm sĊ fuptm aprlapm zb gm zb ju
ajmstm ‘rmnufb" pmhtru a putma sĊ-Ŝb adbrom pmrslhafbtatma, sĊ-Ŝb susŪbhĊ bgmbfm Ŝb sĊ sm sbotĊ kbhm èh
pbmfma flr, ju tafmhtm fm Ŝb dlrŪa pm ja rm fm plsmgĊ.
Jebar Ŝb obm ob sm parm jĊ prlkfmoa rbgbjatĊ gm rmnufa ‘dbŪb grĊnĊfaŜm, juobhŪb, tĊjutm Ŝb olgmstm" parm gbh aftm vrmourb0
gar agmvĊruf mstm jĊ hlb, dmombfm, hm jlhdruhtĊo ju jmrbhŪmfm ajmstma lrb gm jëtm lrb hm dajmo auzbtm vljbfm.
197
Jëhg a gmvmhbt ‘vbrafĊ" pm Bhtmrhmt èhrmnbstrarma gm fa WMGx Elustlh, ob-a vmhbt sĊ oĊ asjuhg, hu afta. F-ao bopflrat pm
slŪuf omu, Ztmvm, sĊ pfĊtmasjĊ uh eaj`mr sĊ
sĊ atajm sbtm-uf WMG
WMG Ŝb sĊ-f èhjebgĊ! Ao èhjmput sĊ ao dahtmzbb3 pĊtruhgmao
jfahgmstbh èh kbrlurbfm uhgm jmb gm fa WMG èŜb Ūbhmau èhrmnbstrĊrbfm Ŝb l durao pm-a oma. Mrao gbspmratĊ. Atuhjb ao rmafbzat
jĊ hbjblgatĊ, èh tlatĊ jarbmra oma, hu èhgrĊzhbsmo sĊ-ob prlpuh sjlpurb prma èhaftm. èob pfĊjma sĊ sjrbu pmhtru nrupuf omu
gm jbtbtlrb, dbbhgjĊ mstm uŜlr Ŝb jëtuŜb gm puŪbh rbsjaht sĊ prmgbjb èh daŪa uhlr laomhb gmca jlhvbhŜb. [Ċspëhgbrma rapbgĊ Ŝb
atët gm farnĊ a bgmbflr fa jarm ao acuhs, èh uroa jmrjmtĊrbflr omfm, a dlst mxajt fujruf pm jarm tlt èhjmrjasmo sĊ-f mvbt. Hu-
ob glrmao l asmomhma omgbatbzarm Ŝb mrao èhnrlzbtĊ gm jrbtbjbfm omsjebhm, atët gm gms èhtëfhbtm èh omgbuf vbrtuaf. Mb kbhm,
ao avut partm gm jrbtbjb omsjebhm, bar oaclrbtatma jlhslfbgau ajmfm hlrom gmsprm jarm hm pfajm sĊ jrmgmo jĊ suht gmpĊŜbtm.
Jëhg uh sbtm gm Ŝtbrb a pukfbjat èhrmnbstrarma gbsjursufub omu, s-a gmjfahŜat l gmzkatmrm aprbhsĊ, èh smjŪbuhma gm jlomhtarbb,
gmsprm (jm aftjmva gmjët) nrmutatma oma. ‘Juo platm vlrkb gmsprm smhtbomhtuf prlprbmb vaflrb, jëhg ar trmkub sĊ gma cls,
mvbgmht, vrml Ŝaptm-lpt `bfm<" Ym aft sbtm, prbhjbpafuf sukbmjt gm gbsjuŪbm a dlst gajĊ m ‘hlroaf" ja l oaoĊ sĊ jagĊ èh
gmprmsbm3 ‘Ob-m obfĊ gm jlpbbb mb. L oaoĊ kuhĊ h-arm gmprmsbb." ]h aft jlomhtatlr a sjrbs3 ‘Oab puŪbhĊ jmrjmtarm. Oab ouft
Kltlx."
Jmva asmoĊhĊtlr ob s-a èhtëopfat jëhg ao sjrbs uh artbjlf, pmhtru JHH.jlo, gmsprm bopmrdmjŪbuhm. FëhnĊ tmxt, ao pus
l dltlnradbm
dltlnradbm a uhmb kuhm prbmtmhm,
prbmtmhm, jarm Ŝb-a sjrbs pm pbmpt, ju l jarbljĊ hmanrĊ3
hmanrĊ3 ‘Zuht gm acuhs".
acuhs". L dltlnradbm
dltlnradbm dlartm
druolasĊ, pm jarm ob-ao pus-l fa vmgmrm, èh kbrluf omu, ja omomhtl. Memb, jm gm jlomhtarbb rĊutĊjblasm a stërhbt! ‘L db
jrmzëhg ma jĊ m gm acuhs,
acuhs, gar, gajĊ oĊ ubt fa pbmptuf
pbmptuf mb, èob gau smaoa jĊ m flj gm oab ouft." Zau3 ‘Gaj-aŜ
‘Gaj-aŜ arĊta ja
Krmhm Krlwh asta, Ŝb mu aŜ gmvmhb agmpta bopmrdmjŪbuhbb".
LD. MZWM []ŘBHMA ŘB J]O F]YūB ÈOYLW[BTA MB

19=
Řtbu jĊ mxmopfmfm ajmstma suht sboptloatbjm pmhtru juftura jruzbobb, èh jarm trĊbo, Ŝb jĊ dbmjĊruba
èb mstm pmrobs sĊ atajm sau sĊ spuhĊ jmva rĊu gmsprm aftjbhmva, gar, pm gm aftĊ partm, sĊ hm nëhgbo
jarm suht vbjtbomfm flr prmgbfmjtm Ŝb juo afmn mb sĊ fm atajm. Z-au fmnat gm dmfuf juo arĊt Ŝb gm
statutuf omu gm oaoĊ ‗ gluĊ jrbtbjb jarm s-au vrut strbvbtlarm, bhspbratm gbh fbsta gm rmnufb afm
dmobhbtĊŪbb. Hu s-au fmnat gm bhtmfbnmhŪa oma sau gm arnuomhtmfm omfm. H-ar db gurut fa dmf gm tarm.
AŜa èhjët hu, hu jrmg jĊ ajmstm hlrom sljbafm suht gmpĊŜbtm, lrbjët gm rmgujŪblhbstm ar db Ŝb jebar gajĊ hm stlrj Ŝb gm uftboa
pbjĊtur Ċ gm vbaŪĊ. Bar ruŜbhma mstm olguf èh jarm ajmstm hlrom suht èh tĊrbtm . Jmma jm gm olhstrm azĊ, èhjĊ l gatĊ , jĊ rmzbfb mhŪa
fa ruŜbhm mstm l jlhgbŪbm a vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb. Jrmg j-ao glvmgbt, bh prmfmnmrma oma gm fa WMGx Elustlh, jĊ plt sĊ èhgrĊzhmsj
èh lrbjm prbvbhŪĊ Ŝb ju lrbjm prmŪ. Daptuf j-ao vlrkbt gmsprm jm prlkfmom ao mu, jrmg j-a dlst uh fujru juracls gbh partma
oma, Ūbhëhg jlht gm hmvlba oma ajutĊ gm a oĊ autl-prltmca Ŝb gm a oĊ asjuhgm èh spatmfm jmrjmtĊrbflr omfm. Zbhnuruf oltbv
pmhtru jarm hu o-a o gat kĊtutĊ (Ŝb sj rbu aj uo tlatm ajmst m fuj rurb) mstm j Ċ ob-a o gmzv lftat j ëtmva akbfbtĊ Ūb gm rmzbfbm hŪĊ fa
ruŜbhm gm-a grmptuf dlrobgakbfm Ŝb ob-m dlartm jfar jĊ, pmhtru obhm, juracuf mstm l vaflarm boplrtahtĊ.
Ao èhŪmfms bomgbat jĊ asmomhma jlomhtarbb èob prlvlajĊ l rmajŪbm gm ruŜbhm, astdmf j-ao putut sĊ gbsjmrh jm m rmaf èh
mfm Ŝb jm hu. Ga, ao dlst dlartm supĊratĊ Ŝb èhjĊ oĊ glarm. Atuhjb, ao pfëhs dlartm ouft Ŝb ao vrut sĊ hu oab Ŝtbu gm
hbomhb Ŝb gm hbobj. Ob-ao gat vlbm sĊ sbot ajmfm fujrurb vrml jëtmva lrm sau jëtmva zbfm, èhsĊ fa uh olomht gat ob-ao
gmsjebs sudfmtuf bh daŪa jëtlrva pmrslahm èh jarm ao èhjrmgmrm Ŝb pm jarm fm Bukmsj, Ŝb astdmf ao putut sĊ omrn oab
gmpartm. (Gm asmomhma, ao èhjmtat sĊ oab jbtmsj jlomhtarbb
jlomhtarbb ahlhbom. GajĊ hu ab jurac sĊ bhtrb èh armhĊ, fa dmf ja obhm, ja sĊ
fupŪb Ŝb s-l èhjasmzb, hbjb hu oĊ bhtmrmsmazĊ jm ab gm spus gmsprm bgmbfm omfm.)
194
Juo trĊbmsj kĊrkaŪbb ruŜbhma
Jëhg fm-ao jmrut kĊrkaŪbflr sĊ-ob spuhĊ jm èhŪmfmn prbh ruŜbhm sau ju jm sbtuaŪbb l asljbazĊ, batĊ jm rĊspuhsurb ao prbobt3
• [uŜbhma mstm uh mŜmj. Fa fujru. Ym tmrmhuf gm dltkaf. èh jĊsĊtlrbm. èh pat. èh èh prbvbhŪa kahbflr. èh
raplrt ju jlpbbb tĊb. Hu jlhtmazĊ ‗ ruŜbhma mstm uh mŜmj.
• [uŜbhma èhsmaohĊ sĊ hu ab grmptatm. Hu jëhg dajb nrmŜbt uh uh fujru, jb jëhg ab èhŪmfms jmva jlopfmt
nrmŜbt.
• [uŜbhma èhsmaohĊ sĊ sboŪb jĊ mŜtb bopmrdmjt.
• [uŜbhma aparm, atuhjb jëhg jmbfafŪb tm jrmg sfak. Mstm jmva gmnragaht Ŝb ruŜbhls
ruŜbhls sĊ dbb vĊzut aftdmf
gmjët ja uh kĊrkat putmrhbj.
• [uŜbhma èhsmaohĊ sĊ fm arĊŪb jmflrfafŪb jĊ ab uh
uh puhjt sfak. èh msmhŪĊ, ruŜbhma èhsmaohĊ sfĊkbjbuhm.
• [uŜbhma èhsmaohĊ sĊ arĊŪb jĊ Ūb-m drbjĊ. Hu plŪb sĊ-Ūb
sĊ-Ūb arĊŪb drbja, bhgbdmrmht gm jm sm èhtëopfĊ.
• [uŜbhm èhsmaohĊ sĊ dbb vĊzut ja dbbhg tbpuf ajmfa gm bhgbvbg pm jarm-f plŪb puhmpuhm fa jlfŪ.
• Jma oab oarm drbjĊ a hlastrĊ mstm sĊ dbo jrbtbjaŪb sau rbgbjufbzaŪb ‗ aoëhgluĊ suht fujrurb
mxtrmo gm ruŜbhlasm.
Gm dapt, kĊrkaŪbb trĊbmsj suk prmsbuhma uhmb rmnufb hmèhgurĊtlarm3 hu-b fĊsa pm jmbfafŪb sĊ tm jrmagĊ
sfak.
Lrb gm jëtm lrb oastmrahzbb sau gljtlrahzbb omb au gm bhtmrvbmvat kĊrkaŪb, fm spuh sĊ dbm atmhŪb fa
uroĊtlarmfm trmb fujrurb3 plvmŜtbfm gm vbtmcbm gbh fbjmu, omtadlrmfm splrtbvm Ŝb drmjvmhŪa juvëhtufub
dĊtĊfĊu. GajĊ hu-Ūb vbhm sĊ jrmzb j-ao sjrbs juvëhtuf ajmsta, tm èhŪmfmn. M gmpartm gm a db uhuf
gbhtrm juvbhtmfm omfm prmdmratm. Gar, ja lo gm ŜtbbhŪĊ, Ŝtbu jĊ mstm boplrtaht sĊ bmb èh jlhsbgmrarm
tlatm gatmfm pm jarm fm lkŪbb, bar ajmst juvëht a dlst dlflsbt gm aprlapm tlŪb kĊrkaŪbb bhtmrvbmvaŪb. Hu
jlhta gajĊ kĊrkatuf mra gm 15 sau gm 59 gm ahb ‗ fa èhtrmkarma oma3

19>
‘Jm omsac jrmgmŪb jĊ trahsobtm smhtbomhtuf gm ruŜbhm<", ju tlŪbb rĊspuhgmau3 ‘Hu db uh dĊtĊfĊu".
B'rboa larĊ jëhg ao sjrbs gmsprm stugbbfm omfm asupra kĊrkaŪbflr, ao dlflsbt boanbhma uhmb jutbb ‗ jmva asmoĊhĊtlr uhmb
jutbb gm trahsplrt ‗, ja sĊ mxpfbj èh jm dmf gmvbh mb prbzlhbmrbb ruŜbhbb. Wlt aŜa juo dmombflr fb sm jmrm sĊ dbm druolasm,
sfakm Ŝb pmrdmjtm èh tlt jmma jm daj, èh spmjbaf èh rlfuf gm oaom, ‘jutba" arm hbŜtm rmnufb jarm fm spuh kĊrkaŪbflr jm trmkubm
Ŝb jm hu trmkubm sĊ dajĊ Ŝb jbhm au vlbm sĊ dbm. èh jmma jm-b prbvmŜtm,
prbvmŜtm, tlatm ajmstm rmnufb plt db rmzuoatm èhtr-l sbhnurĊ
sbhnurĊ
prlplz bŪbm3 Hu db sfak.
H-l sĊ ubt hbj blgatĊ jfbpa èh ja rm uh tëhĊr gm glu Ċzmjb gm ahb , gbht r-uh obj nrup gm stu gmhŪb pm
jarm-b bhtmrvbmvao, ob-a spus3 ‘Trmau sĊ-Ūb arĊt juo m ju jutba". Řtbao jĊ mra èhaft, gar, jëhg s-a
rbgbjat èh pbjblarm, ob-ao gat smaoa jĊ avma aprlapm glb omtrb. ‘BoanbhmazĊ-Ūb j-ab trĊb aŜa tlatĊ
vbaŪa", ob-a spus, Ŝb s-a nemoubt, prmdëjëhgu-sm jĊ mra èhgmsat èhtr-l jutbm.
Apfmjat Ŝb ju uomrbb aguŜb èh daŪĊ, a jlhtbhuat sĊ vlrkmasjĊ3 ‘H-ab gmjët trmb varbahtm. YlŪb sĊ-Ūb pmtrmjb tlatĊ vbaŪa
èhjmrjëhg sĊ bmŜb adarĊ, gëhg ju puohbb èh pmrmŪbb jutbmb Ŝb spmrëhg jĊ sm vlr sparnm. Tmb db omrmu hmrvls Ŝb hu-Ūb vmb nĊsb
fbhbŜtma. Zau plŪb sĊ rmhuhŪb. Hu-Ūb oab pasĊ gm hbobj." èh olomhtuf ajmfa, s-a prĊkuŜbt fa pĊoëht. èh safĊ mra l fbhbŜtm
gmpfbhĊ ‗ hu sm auzma hbjb ousja.
Aplb s-a rbgbjat, a sjuturat gbh jap Ŝb a jlhtbhuat3 ‘Zau, gajĊ hu, ab putma sĊ dbb kmat lrb grlnat tlt tbopuf, ja sĊ hu-Ūb gab
smaoa ju-agmvĊrat jët gm bhsuplrtakbfĊ mstm sbtuaŪba èh jarm tm adfb. Asta m jafma jma oab uŜlarĊ." Fa ajmstm juvbhtm,
stugmhŪbb au bzkujhbt èhtr-uh rës hmrvls. AŜa jmva sm èhtëopfĊ gms, jëhg vlrkmŜtb gmsprm ruŜbhm sau vufhmrakbfbtatm ‗ lrbjm
prbfmc m kuh, pmhtru a rm gujm t mhsbuh ma olom htufub.
195
èhsĊ ajmf tëhĊr juracls gbh daŪa oma hu rëgma gmflj, Ŝb hbjb mu. GmolhstraŪba fub a dlst uha gbhtrm jmfm oab omolrakbfm
glvmzb gm jurac Ŝb lhmstbtatm, fa jarm ao avut prbvbfmnbuf sĊ dbu oartlrĊ. Ř b hao dlst sbhnura boprmsblhatĊ ‗ jlfmnbb fub au
dlst Ŝb mb obŜjaŪb prlduhg. GupĊ bhtmrvbuf gm nrup, tëhĊruf ob-a vlrkbt gmsprm jlpbfĊrba fub. Dusmsm pasblhat gm artĊ èhjĊ gbh
jlpbfĊrbm ‗ ob-a spus ju l obhĊ jebhubtĊ jĊ Ŝtbusm gm dlartm tbopurbu j-ar db dlst dmrbjbt, huoab gajĊ Ŝb-ar db gmgbjat vbaŪa
pbjturb b Ŝb g msmhuf ub. Aplb ob-a r mfatat l èhtë opfarm ‗ mra èh kuj ĊtĊrbm , ju tatĊf Ŝb uhj ebuf f ub. ArĊtë hg spr m jlfm jŪba gm
gmsmhm afm safm, pm jarm fm fbpbsm pm uŜa gm fa drbnbgmr, uhjebuf èb spusmsm dratmfub sĊu, tatĊf kĊbatufub, pm uh tlh gm nfuoĊ3
‘Jm dajb, Ūb-f jrmŜtb s-acuhnĊ uh plplhar gm artbst<"
GupĊ ajmma, tatĊf, jarm pëhĊ atuhjb avusmsm l atbtugbhm hmutrĊ daŪĊ gm prmljupĊrbfm fub artbstbjm, èb bhtmrzbsmsm sĊ oab omarnĊ
fa lrmfm gm pbjturĊ. Jebar Ŝb oaoa fub, jarm èhabhtm dusmsm atët gm oëhgrĊ gm tafmhtuf fub, sm arĊtasm gm ajlrg jĊ l asmomhma
ljupaŪbm mra ‘pltrbvbtĊ oab gmnrakĊ pmhtru dmtm". èh acuhuf jmflr èhtëopfatm, kĊbatuf dĊjusm l sjebŪĊ a jasmb pĊrbhtmŜtb ‗
uftboa larĊ jëhg oab gmsmhasm jmva.
èh ajma
ajma hlhlap
aptm,
tm, ao pfëh
pfëhss pmht
pmhtru
ru mf Ŝb pmht
pmhtru
ru tlŪb
tlŪb jmb
jmb jarm
jarm hu oab
oab acuh
acuhsm
smsm
smrĊ
rĊ sĊ-b
sĊ-b vagĊ
vagĊ fujrĊ
fujrĊrb
rbfm.
fm. OĊ
nëhg
nëhgmsmsjj fa mf tlttlt tbop
tbopuf
uf Ŝb spmr
spmr j-a
j-a rmuŜ
rmuŜbt
bt sĊ-Ŝ
sĊ-Ŝbb rmgms
rmgmsjl
jlpm
pmrm
rm jemo
jemoarm
armaa sprm
sprm artĊ.
artĊ. Ylat
Ylatmm jĊ hu hu huoa
oabb
mf, ja bhgbvbg, a pbmrgut jmva boplrtaht atuhjb ‗ jb fuoma èhtrmanĊ.
[mhuhŪĊ fa plstura ‘kĊrkatufub gm gupĊ

pmrgma"
Jebar Ŝb gupĊ jm ao adfat oab ouftm gmsprm kĊrkaŪb Ŝb dmfuf èh jarm trĊbmsj mb ruŜbhma, èhjĊ ob sm
parm jlrmjt Ċ omta dlra jutbmb gm tra hsplrt j-l m tbjemtĊ oarm f bpbtĊ gm-a juromz bŜuf, pm ja rm sj rbm3
‘AWMHūBM3 hu-b fĊsa hbjblgatĊ pm jmbfafŪb sĊ tm jrmagĊ sfak". Ja Ŝb juo dbmjarm kĊbat ar vmhb pm
fuom èhtr-l asmomhma

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jutbm bhvbzbkbfĊ. Jët suht èhjĊ objb, sm oab plt obŜja èh vlbm. Ylt sĊ pfëhnĊ Ŝb sĊ sm anaŪm gm dusta
oaomb, gar, pm oĊsurĊ jm jrmsj, au tlt oab puŪbhĊ fbkmrtatm gm obŜjarm. Bar jëhg acuhn agufŪb èh
tlatĊ dbrma, sbot jĊ sm sudljĊ.
Fa dmf ja dmombfm, kĊrkaŪbb sm jlhdruhtĊ ju prlprba flr gbfmoĊ gm hmrmzlfvat. èh uftbobb ahb, gm jëhg ju jrbza mjlhlobjĊ, oab
afms, a apĊrut l sjebokarm. KĊrkaŪbb trĊbmsj, oab gmnrakĊ, èh jutba gbh TrĊcbtlruf gbh Lz. OĊ rmdmr fa jutba ajmma objĊ, èh jarm
vrĊcbtlruf stĊ asjuhs gupĊ l pmrgma Ŝb-b oahbpufmazĊ pm jmb gbh Ūbhutuf Lz, dajëhgu-b sĊ jrmagĊ jĊ mstm uh tbp ‘putmrhbj Ŝb
oĊrmŪ". Juftura hlastrĊ gmvmhbhg tlt oab ouft l jufturĊ a hmoufŪuobrbb, rmnufbb3 ‘Hu-b fĊsa hbjblgatĊ pm jmbfafŪb sĊ tm jrmagĊ
sfak" b sm agaunĊ3 ‘Ar db kbhm sĊ dbb èhgrĊzhmŪ Ŝb putmrhbj". Boanbhma jutbmb vrĊcbtlrufub gbh Lz ob-a vmhbt èh obhtm, pmhtru
prboa larĊ, jëhg ao bhtm rvbmvat uh kĊr kat j arm d usmsm ‘gbsplh bkbfbza t" Ŝb s m sboŪ ma dl artm ruŜbha t gbh a jmastĊ jauzĊ . Ob-a
spus3 ‘èob vbhm sĊ Ŝb rë g. WatĊf omu Ŝtbm. Jmb oab kuhb glb prbmtmhb ab omb Ŝtbu Ŝb mb. Huoab hmvastĊ-oma hu Ŝtbm. Au B r mjut
Ŝasm fuhb, gmca, bar mu èhjĊ-ob puh jlstuouf Ŝb pfmj gm ajasĊ, èh dbmjarm gbobhmaŪĊ, ja Ŝb juo aŜ omrnm fa smrvbjbu. OĊ èhvërt
ju oaŜbha prbh lraŜ, stau èh jadmhmfm Ŝb-ob jaut uh flj gm ouhjĊ."
Zuht uh bhtmrvbmvatlr prbjmput, gar jrmg jĊ pm daŪa oma sjrba3 !uo, Glaohm bartĊ-oĊ, ab rmuŜbt sĊ dajb uha ja asta<!" DĊrĊ
s aŜtmptm uroĊtlarma
uroĊtlarma èhtrmkarm, ob-a rĊspuhs3
rĊspuhs3 ‘Hbjb hu vrma ▩.a Ŝtbm. Bar, gajĊ a adfat, prmdmrĊ ja mu sĊ jlhtbhub
jlhtbhub sĊ oĊ
prmda j, b rmgm- oĊ, gajĊ- ob nĊsmsj vrmuh smrvbj bu Ŝb-b spuh agmvĊ ruf oab tërzbu , l sĊ-ob dbm rmju hlsjĊtl arm. Gaj-a r Ŝtb
ajuo, smh- f b omhtmfm mb daŪĊ gm obhm s-ar sjeboka. Hu s-a èheĊoat fa aŜa b mva, jëhg s-a oĊrbtat ju obhm."
Hu o-a Ŝtmptao sĊ aug bar Ŝb bar, gbh partma kĊrka Ūbflr, j uo jĊ Bjombfm gbh vbm Ūbfm fl r ‗ oa omfm,
surlrbfm, bukbtmfm, slŪbbfm ‗ h jrbtbjĊ omrmu gbh jauzĊ jĊ hu suht gmsjebŜb, vufhmrakbfb, jĊ
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hu fb sm gmstĊbhubm, jëhg, èh tlt ajmst tbop, mfm sm adfĊ gbhabhtma gufapufub strëot gm vrĊcbtlr, èh jarm stau èhnemsubŪb kĊrkaŪbb
flr, pltrbvbhg pmrgmaua Ŝb asbnurëhgu-sm jĊ hbomhb hu vmgm èhĊuhtru, hbomhb hu bmsm adarĊ. Jëhgva, èhtlrjëhgu-oĊ ajasĊ ju
oaŜbha, gupĊ jm bhtmrvbmvasmo jëŪbva kĊrkaŪb, ob-a trmjut prbh obhtm3 ‘Bsusm Jrbstlasm, dmombfm jebar suht patrbareafm!*'
BatĊ nmhuf gm sbtuaŪbm gurmrlasĊ, jarm a rmbmŜbt gbh stugbbfm omfm asupra kĊrkaŪbflr3 fm jmrmo sĊ dbm
vufhmrakbfb, sĊ sm gmsjebgĊ èh daŪa hlastrĊ, bhsbstĊo sĊ hm spuhĊ jëhg fm m tmaoĊ, gar agmvĊruf mstm
jĊ oaclrbtatma dmombflr hu suplrtĊ asta. Jëhg kĊrkaŪbb èŜb aratĊ ju agmvĊrat vufhmrakbfbtatma, jmfm
oab ouftm gbhtrm hlb dajmo uh pas èhaplb èhdrbjlŜatm, Ŝb tmaoa ba l oufŪbom gm dlrom, gm fa
gmzaoĊnbrm pëhĊ fa gmznust. Bar kĊrkaŪbb Ŝtbu juo stau fujrurbfm. Mb Ŝtbu jarm suht rbsjurbfm Ŝb au
vĊzut juo èb prbvbo, atuhjb jëhg hm nëhgbo3 ‘Eabgm, aguhĊ-tm. Dbb kĊrkat!** BatĊ jm ob-a spus Clm
[myhlfgs, uhuf gbhtrm omhtlrbb omb Ŝb prmlt fa kbsmrbja pm jarm l drmjvmhtmz, èhtr-l gbsjuŪbm gmsprm
kĊrkaŪ b, ru Ŝbhm Ŝ b vufhm rakbfbt atm3 ‘ KĊrkaŪb b Ŝtbu jm-Ŝb glrmsj , gm dapt, dmombf m. Mf m vlr sĊ hm
prmdajmo jĊ suhtmo vufhmrakbfb. Ao acuhs sĊ hm prbjmpmo dlartm kbhm fa l asmomhma
prmdĊ jĊtlrb m.**
[uŜbhma asjuhsĊ glarm fa dmf gm ouft ja Ŝb ruŜbhma dĊŪbŜĊ. Gm mxmopfu, oĊ nëhgmsj fa uh kĊrkat
jarm-ob spuhma jĊ omrmu sm sboŪma ruŜbhat daŪĊ gm slŪba fub, jëhg vmhma vlrka gmsprm jemstbuhb
kĊhmŜt b. ]ft boa la rĊ sbo Ūbsm a sta, j ëhg slŪ ba fub sm èht lrsmsm ajasĊ Ŝb-b sp usmsm3 ‘Wljoab ao vĊzut
juo aratĊ jasa jma hluĊ a fub @atbm! Hmoabplomhbt. Mstm aŜa gm kujurlasĊ ajuo, @atbm, jĊ arm
jasa fa jarm a vbsat. èh pfus, fa ahuf rmhuhŪĊ fa smrvbjbu.**
Ob-a spus jĊ rmajŪba fub bomgbatĊ dusmsm uha gm durbm. AŜa jĊ prlvljasm l jmartĊ ju slŪba fub, pm
tmoa vbzbtmb oaomb mb, aplb gbspĊrusm èh aftĊ partm a jasmb. Gbsjutëhg ju mf gmsprm ajma
jlhvmrsaŪbm, ob-a oĊrturbsbt3 ‘O-a dĊjut sĊ-ob dbm ruŜbhm. Gm

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jm a trmkubt sĊ-ob spuhĊ asmomhma fujrurb< Ga, Ŝtbu... ZlŪuf fub @atbm jëŜtbnĊ l nrĊoagĊ gm kahb. Mf arm nrbcĊ gm hmvasta fub
oab kbhm gmjët obhm. Hbjb hu oĊ jlopar ju mf."
Jëhg f-ao èhtrmkat gajĊ mf jrmgma jĊ slŪba bhtmhŪblhasm sĊ-f rĊhmasjĊ sau sĊ-f dajĊ sĊ sbotĊ ruŜbhm,
ob-a rĊspuhs3 ‘Hu suht sbnur. Jbhm Ŝtbm< Ao rmduzat l sfuckĊ uhgm aŜ db jëŜtbnat ouft oab oufŪb
kahb, èhsĊ a r db trmkub t sĊ d bu pfm jat trmb s ĊptĊoë hb pm fuhĊ. Ob-a s pus jĊ m gm ajlrg ju tl t jm vlb
gmjbgm Ŝb jĊ mb Ŝb jlpbbflr fm-ar db prma glr gm obhm, gar gm atuhjb dajm omrmu jlomhtarbb fmnatm gm
kahb. Jebar hu Ŝtbu jm sĊ oab jr mg."
Durba sau bhebkarma durbmb
H-aŜ vrma sĊ sbo pfbdbj prma ouft uh fujru atët gm jlopfm x, pr mjuo r majŪb a fa ruŜbhm , gar trmkubm spus j Ċ, èh prbvbhŪ a
kĊrkaŪ bflr, m xbstĊ gluĊ t bpurb gm rm ajŪbm 3 durba Ŝb bheb karma durbmb , kbh mèhŪmfm s, ja Ŝb dm ombfm, pm oĊ surĊ j m glkë hgmsj
rmzbfbmhŪĊ fa ruŜbhm, kĊrkaŪbb èhvaŪĊ sĊ rmajŪblhmzm fa ma prbh jlhŜtbmhtbzarm, autl-jlopasbuhm Ŝb mopatbm. Gar, dĊrĊ
jlhŜtbmhtbzarm, jëhg kĊrkaŪbb trmkubm sĊ dajĊ daŪĊ smhtbomhtmflr gm bhagmjvarm Ŝb gm fbpsĊ a vaflrbb pmrslhafm, rmajŪba flr, gm
lkbjmb, mstm uha gm durbm Ŝb/sau gm bhebkarm tltafĊ a durbmb.
GupĊ jm ao aguhat sudbjbmhtm gatm pmhtru a bgmhtbdbja uhmfm tbparm jloplrtaomhtafm Ŝb tmom jmhtrafm, ob-ao pfahbdbjat
bhtmrvburb ju oab oufŪb psbeltmrapmuŪb kĊrkaŪb, spmjbafbzaŪb èh prlkfmom afm kĊr kaŪbflr. Ao vrut sĊ oĊ asbnur jĊ hu
bhtmrprmtao jmma jm-ob spuhmau kĊrkaŪbb prbh fmhtbfa prlprbbflr omfm mxpmrbmhŪm. Jëhg f-ao èhtrmkat pm uhuf gbhtrm ajmŜtb
tmrapmuŪb j m jrmgma gmsprm rmajŪbbfm gm durbm Ŝb gm bhebkarm a durbmb, ob-a plvmstbt l èhtëopfarm, ja sĊ-ob mxpfbjm puhjtuf fub
gm vmgmrm.
(3ëhg mra èh jfasa a hlua, sm gusmsm fa l smfmjŪbm pmhtru mjebpa gm dltkaf aomrbjah Ŝb dusmsm
ajjmptat. èh jebar prboa zb gm ah- t rmhaomhtm, ahtrmhlruf pusmsm jmfm gluĊ mjebpm daŪĊ èh daŪĊ.
11;
Bhtmrfljutlruf omu cujasm ouft dltkaf ju kĊbmŪbb gbh jartbmr, èhsĊ ajuo mra prboa larĊ jëhg uroa sĊ clajm pm uh tmrmh
agmvĊrat, ju mjebpaomht jlopfmt, avëhg gbhabhtm l nrĊoagĊ gm kĊbmŪb nata sĊ-f dajĊ dĊrëom. Ob-a spus3 ‘GmlgatĊ, ob s-a
dĊjut drbjĊ. OĊ nëhgmao j-l sĊ oĊ glarĊ af habkbb gm rĊu Ŝb prmsupuh jĊ sm vmgma pm daŪa oma jët mrao gm èhnrlzbt."
Ahtrmhlruf èf strbnasm pm huom Ŝb-b spusmsm3 ‘Mb, tu, datĊfĊufm! Wrmjb èh plzbŪbm." Bomgbat, kĊbatuf
sboŪbsm vafurbfm gm ruŜbhm trmjëhgu-b prbh tlt jlrpuf.
èh ajmf olomht, ao èhŪmfms juo duhjŪblhmazĊ fuoma Ŝb jm èhsmaohĊ sĊ dbb kĊrkat3

• H-ab vlbm sĊ sboŪb
sboŪb tmaoĊ.
• H-ab vlbm sĊ arĊŪb
arĊŪb tmaoĊ.
• H-ab vlbm sĊ dbb vufhmrakbf.
vufhmrakbf.
• Mstm l ruŜbhm sĊ-Ūb dbm drbjĊ, sĊ arĊŪb jĊ Ūb-m drbjĊ sau sĊ dbb vufhmrakbf.
vufhmrakbf.
Jëhg f-ao èhtrmkat jm dĊjusm gupĊ ajmma, o-a prbvbt èh ljeb Ŝb ob-a spus3 ‘Ob-ao trahsdlroat drbja èh durbm Ŝb f-ao dĊjut
prad Ŝb pufk mrm pm cuj Ċtlruf gbh da Ūa om a. Ob- a bmŜb t atët gm kbhm , jĊ, èh uro Ċtlrbb gluĊzm jb gm ahb, huoab asta a o dĊj ut3 ob-
ao trahsdlroat drbja Ŝb vufhmrakbfbtatma èh durbm Ŝb b-ao jĊfjat èh pbjblarm pm tlŪb jmb jarm-ob stĊtmau èhabhtm. Ym hmvastĊ-
oma. Ym jlpbb. Ym ahnacaŪb. Hu avmao hbjb l aftĊ jafm gm bmŜbrm gm suk bopmrbuf drbjbb Ŝb af ruŜbhbb."
Mxbstau atëta aoĊrĊjbuhm Ŝb fujbgbtatm èh vljma sa, èh tbop jm èob spuhma ajmfm fujrurb. Ao èhŪmfms
pmrdm jt pr bh jm trmjus m. Dr bja Ŝb vufh mrakbfb tatma suht m olŪbb pu tmrhbj m. Hu fm plŪ b dajm sĊ gbs parĊ
jëhg vrmb. Wrmkubm sĊ dajb jmva ju mfm. OufŪb kĊrkaŪb èob gmsjrbu èh tmromhb dbzblflnbjb stĊrbfm gm
durbm Ŝb bhebkarm a durbmb. Mstm ja Ŝb juo ruŜbhma, smhtbomhtuf gm a db rbgbjlf, mxpuhmrma fa jrbtbjb ar
db prajtbj bhsuplrtakbfm gbh puhjt gm vmgmrm dbzbj pmhtru mb.

11:
Wmrapmutuf a èhjembat, spuhëhgu-ob3 ‘Ao èhjmput sĊ omrn fa psbelfln, atuhjb jëhg hu oab putmao sĊ-ob jlhtrlfmz durba Ŝb
prlkfmo mfm j u afj llfuf. Jëhg a jmstm prlkfm om ob- au pus èh prbo mcgbm jĊshbj ba Ŝb rmfaŪba ju jl pbbb. Gm aj mma d aj o uhja p m
jarm l daj azb."
[mzbfbmhŪa fa ruŜbhm ‗ jmfm patru mfmomhtm jloplhmhtm, gmsprm jarm ao gbsjutat èh smjŪbuhma
prmjm gmhtĊ ‗ èhsma ohĊ sĊ nĊsmŜt b l j afm gm obcflj, l lpŪbu hm ja rm sĊ- Ūb pm robtĊ sĊ rĊo ëb bopf bjat
Ŝb juracuf gm jarm ab hmvlbm, pmhtru a rmajŪblha èhtr-uh olg jarm sĊ jlrmspuhgĊ prlprbbflr vaflrb.
‘Zuht fa dmf gm mxbnmht ju jmbfafŪb
pm jët suht ju obhm èhsuob"
B .a dmf ja tatĊf jarm-Ŝb pmgmpsmŜtm dbuf pm jafm sĊ gmvbhĊ artbst sau prmjuo ahtrmhlruf jarm-b dajm vbaŪa nrma cujĊtlrufub
sĊu, dmombfm plt db Ŝb mfm dlartm mxbnmhtm ju jmfmfaftm dmomb. Zuhtmo mxbnmhtm ju jmbfafŪb, pmhtru jĊ suhtmo mxbnmhtm ju
hlb èhŜbhm. AŜa duhjŪblhmazĊ obhtma hlastrĊ. ZĊ nĊsmŜtb pm jbhmva pm jarm sĊ-f cugmjb, sĊ-f jrbtbjb lrb sĊ-f uobfmŜtb ‗ batĊ
uha gbhtrm olgafbtĊŪbfm gm a bmŜb gbh japjaha ruŜbhbb sau gm a èhgmpĊrta atmhŪba jmflr gbh cur gm fa jutba ta. GajĊ aftuf sm
gmsjurjĊ oab rĊu gmjët obhm èhtr-l ahuobtĊ prbvbhŪĊ, atuhjb Ŝahsmfm omfm gm supravbmŪubrm jrmsj.
Ztmvm Ŝb mu hm-ao èhtëfhbt fa hbŜtm jursurb gm èhlt Ŝb gm ajlrgarm a prboufub acutlr èh jazuf èhmjufub. Jma oab boplrtahtĊ
rmnufĊ, atuhjb jëhg èhjmrjb sĊ safvmzb pm jbhmva gm fa èhmj, mstm sĊ dlflsmŜtb lrbjm ab fa èhgmoëhĊ, ja sĊ-f tranb pm jmfĊfaft
gbh apĊ, èhabhtm sĊ sarb gupĊ mf. Jebar gajĊ mŜtb uh èhltĊtlr dlartm euh, bar pmrslaha pm jarm l acuŪb arm glar cuoĊtatm gbh
jlrplfmhŪa ta, uh lo gbspmrat va dajm lrbjm ja sĊ sm safvmzm ‗ ja sĊ ba l nurĊ gm amr ‗ bhjfusbv sĊ tm tranĊ pm tbhm fa duhg.
AjmfaŜb fujru mstm vafakbf Ŝb pmhtru dmombfm prbhsm èh japjaha ruŜbhbb.
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Zuhtmo atët gm gbspmratm sĊ mvagĊo gbh ma Ŝb sĊ sjĊpĊo gm smhtbomhtuf gm ruŜbhm, èhjët èb arĊtĊo
ju gmnmtuf pm jmbfafŪb, ja pm l pragĊ oab uŜlarĊ gmjët hlb.
Jmma jm m paraglxaf (sau platm dbrmsj) ‗ gupĊ juo adfĊo gbh jmrjmtĊrb ‗ mstm jĊ-b jrbtbjĊo pm jmbfafŪb èh ajmfm glomhbb èh
jarm suhtmo vufhmrakbfb fa ruŜbhm, afmnëhgu-b grmpt ‘Ūbhtm" pm jmb jarm sm gmsjurjĊ oab rĊu ja hlb. GajĊ h-ao hbjb uh dmf gm
prlkfmo m èh j mma j m prb vmŜtm olguf èh jarm- ob jrm sj jl pbbb, hu-b cu gmj pm afŪbb pmhtru afmnm rbfm fl r. GajĊ -ob pfa jm j lrpuf
omu, hu sbot tmhtaŪba gm a-b brlhbza pm afŪbb pmhtru dmfuf juo aratĊ sau dbbhgjĊ au prlkfmom ju nrmutatma. Zuhtmo mxbnmhŪb
uhbb ju jmbfafŪb, gbh jauzĊ jĊ hm dlflsbo uhbb gm jmbfafŪb, pmhtru a sjĊpa gm l gmdbjbmhŪĊ pmrjmputĊ, gm jarm hm m ruŜbhm. èhsĊ
uh asmomhma jloplrtaomht hu rmuŜmŜtm sĊ-Ŝb atbhnĊ sjlpuf Ŝb gĊ haŜtmrm fa sudmrbhŪĊ. èh pfus ‗ aŜa juo hm aratĊ
dmhlomhuf ‘dmtmb rmfm", rĊspëhgbt èh Ŝjlfb Ŝb fbjmm èh nmhmraf ‗, mstm Ŝb jlhtanbls. Fm-ao trahsobs ajmst dafs omjahbso gm
supravbmŪubrm jlpbbflr hlŜtrb.
èh uroa bhtmrvburbflr omfm ju prldmslrb Ŝb pmrslahm gbh jlhgujmrma Ŝjlfbflr, gluĊ tbparm gm jloplrtaomht sm gmsprbhg, jarm
bfustrmazĊ dlartm kbhm ajmastĊ jemstbuhm. Yrbouf tbpar, gmsprm jarm ob-au vlrkbt gbrmjtlrbb Ŝb prldmslrbb, a dlst ajmsta3 jlpbbb
jarm aglptĊ jloplrtaomhtm gm bhtbobgarm sau jarm-b gbsjrmgbtmazĊ pm jmbfafŪb, ja sĊ urjm mb jët oab sus èh bmrareba sljbafĊ,
au pĊrbhŪb jarm sm plartĊ mxajt fa dmf. Jëhg a vmhbt vlrka gm dmtm, l drazĊ a apĊrut agmsmlrb èh bhtmrvburb3 ‘YĊrbhŪbb hu sm
supĊrĊ pm jloplrtaomhtuf dmtmflr flr0 suht oëhgrb jĊ dmtmfm acuhn sĊ dbm kbhm vĊzutm". L pmrslahĊ gbh jlhgujmrma uhmb
Ŝjlfb a jloparat ajmastĊ atbtugbhm ju ajmma a taŪbflr jarm vlr sĊ adfm3 ‘OĊjar a bmŜbt èhvbhnĊtlr gbh kĊtabm<!"
JmfĊfaft tbpar, apĊrut èh uftbobb jëŪbva ahb, sm rmdmrĊ fa vërsta fa jarm apar asmomhma
jloplrtaomhtm. Jëhg ob-ao èhjmput mu ajtbvbtatma gm jmrjmtarm, jloplrtaomhtmfm gm bhtbobgarm
hu

11=
mrau l tmoĊ boplrtahtĊ gm gmzkatmrm. èh jafbtatm gm jmrjmtĊtlarm prmljupatĊ gm tmoa ruŜbhbb, mrao jlhŜtbmhtĊ jĊ hm
jlhdruhtao ju uh dmhlomh tlt oab gms èhtëfhbt. Gm dapt, èh uroĊ ju zmjm ahb, ao pukfbjat, èh zbaruf Elustlh Jerlhbjfm,
uh artbjlf gmsprm
gmsprm rmfaŪba
rmfaŪba gbhtrm
gbhtrm jloplrtaomh
jloplrtaomhtuftuf gm bhtbobgarm
bhtbobgarm Ŝb mobsbuhbfm
mobsbuhbfm gm tbp rmafbty selw, èh rëhgurbfm
rëhgurbfm
aglfmsjmhŪbflr. Ym atuhjb, oĊ bhtmrmsau aglfmsjmhŪbb èh prbouf rëhg, stugbbfm arĊtëhg jĊ oaclrbtatma jloplrtaomhtmflr gm
ajmst dmf apar èh aglfmsjmhŪĊ. èh uftbobb ahb, aug tlt oab gms jĊ sm èhtëopfĊ ajmfaŜb fujru jebar Ŝb fa mfmvbb gm jfasa èhtëb.
Juo platm db pus japĊt ajmstub tbpar jloplrtaomhtaf< Yrboa plsbkbfbtatm ar db sĊ hm gĊo smaoa hlb èhŜbhm ‗ Ŝb sĊ fm
arĊtĊo ajmst fujru Ŝb jlpbbflr hlŜtrb ‗ gm daptuf jĊ, atuhjb jëhg mŜtb prbhs èh japjaha ruŜbhbb, slfuŪba hu mstm sĊ-b gmhbnrmzb
pm jmb fafŪb, prbhŜb èh aj mmaŜb japja hĊ, j b sĊ èhjmrj b sĊ tm mf bkmrmz b, èop rmuhĊ ju mb .
Gm mxmopfu, gajĊ hm adfĊo fa oanazbh Ŝb trmjmo ju jĊrujblruf pm fëhnĊ l oĊobjĊ af jĊrmb jlpbf
zkbarĊ jët èf Ūbh putmrbfm Ŝb aruhjĊ puhnb gm jmrmafm pm cls, avmo gm afms èhtrm gluĊ slfuŪbb
aftmrhatbvm. Yutmo afmnm sĊ prbvbo sbtuaŪba ja pm l jlhdbroarm .1 daptufub jĊ suhtmo oaom oab
kuhm gm jët ma Ŝb jĊ oĊ obja gb h daŪa hlast rĊ m prbhsĊ èh japj aha r uŜbhbb è h olgur b èh jarm hlb hu
suhtmo ‗ jaz èh jarm hm gĊo ljebb gmzaprlkatlr pmstm jap Ŝb trmjmo oab gmpartm. Zau putmo sĊ-b gĊo jmfmbfaftm oaom gm
èhŪmfms jĊ hu m sbhnurĊ, trahsobŪëhgu-b prbhtr-uh zëokmt omsacuf3 ‘Ao dlst Ŝb mu èh sbtuaŪba ta Ŝb Ŝtbu juo tm sboŪb". Ga,
mopatba èhsmaohĊ sĊ-Ūb asuob l ahuom vufhmrakbfbtatm Ŝb rbsjuf sĊ Ūb sm rĊspuhgĊ ju l prbvbrm jarm platm spuhm3 ‘Ba vmzb-Ūb
gm trmaka ta!" ‗ èhsĊ mstm uh fujru pm jarm omrbtĊ omrbtĊ sĊ-f dajmo. Astdmf, hu glar gmstrĊoĊo jëtmva jëtmva ljeburb gbh pëhza gm
pĊbahcm h a r uŜbhbb, èh ja rm s- a prb hs jma faftĊ oaoĊ, jb da jmo a sta pm htru h lb èhŜb hm, ba r, jëh g hm vlo ad fa èh ajmm aŜb sbt uaŪbm
‗ jlpbf uf hlstru aruhjëhg prbh oanazbh ju jmrmafm ‗ hm vlo pĊstra juopĊtuf oab uŜlr.
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Jmma jm-ob gĊ spmrahŪĊ èh fmnĊturĊ ju gbsplhbkbfbtatma hlastrĊ gm a èhtbhgm l oëhĊ gm acutlr Ŝb gm a hm sprbcbhb uhuf pm
aftuf, mstm huoĊruf tlt oab oarm gm kĊrkaŪb Ŝb dmomb ju jarm o-ao èhtëfhbt, gbspuŜb sĊ rbŜtm sĊ dbm vufhmrakbfb Ŝb sĊ-Ŝb
èopĊrtĊŜmasjĊ plvmŜtbfm gmsprm juo au glkëhgbt rmzbfbmhŪĊ fa ruŜbhm. Ao vĊzut ajmfaŜb fujru èh prlnraom gm mgujaŪbm
ahtrmprm- hlrbafĊ dlroafm Ŝb bhdlroafm, prmjuo Ŝb fa pmrslahm jarm sjrbu pm kflnurb Ŝb jarm-Ŝb èopĊrtĊŜmsj mxpmrbmhŪmfm ju
jbtbtlrbb flr. Ao vĊzut asta èh Ŝjlfb Ŝb prlnraom mgujaŪblhafm, jarm hu huoab jĊ tlfmrmazĊ gbh jm èh jm oab puŪbh
jloplrtaomhtmfm gm bhtbobgarm afm mfmvbflr daŪĊ gm afŪb mfmvb, gar jlhsbgmrĊ jĊ prldmslrbb, pmrslahmfm gbh jlhgujmrm Ŝb
pĊrbhŪb b suht rĊspuhz Ċtlrb gm aj mstm jloplr taomhtm . AgufŪbf lr fb sm jm rm tlt oab ou ft sĊ dbm j ebar m b olgmf m gm vbaŪĊ trĊbtĊ
gbh pfbh, èhabhtm sĊ jmarĊ ajmst fujru gm fa jlpbbb flr.
Zm pmtrmjm l trahsdlroarm oab puŪbh mvbgmhtĊ, gm fa atbtugbhma ‘mu èopltrbva tuturlr jmflrfafŪb" fa atbtugbhma ‘mu èoprmuhĊ
ju jmbfafŪb". DĊrĊ èhglbafĊ, ajmastĊ trahsdlroarm
trahsdlroarm hmjmsbtĊ
hmjmsbtĊ glkëh
glkëhgbrma
gbrma uhmb rmzbfbmhŪm fa ruŜbhm.
ruŜbhm. GajĊ vlo db gbspuŜb sĊ
èhgrĊzhbo ju lrbjm prmŪ Ŝb sĊ rbsjĊo sĊ dbo vufhmrakbfb èhtrm hlb, vlo glkëhgb smhtbomhtuf mfbkmratlr af prlprbmb vaflrb.
NrĊsboma gm pm Ŝlfgurb3 kĊrkaŪb,

dmomb, rmfaŪbb smxuafm Ŝb boanbhm
jlrplrafĊ
èh ahuf ;994, o-ao èhtëfhbt ju gluĊzmjb-Ŝb-glb gm stugmhŪb gm fa jlfmnbb jlouhbtarm* Ŝb ao gbsjutat ju mb gmsprm ruŜbhm. A
dlst prbouf bhtmrvbu af omu gm nrup, fa jarm au partbjbpat, gmlpltrbvĊ, kĊrkaŪb Ŝb dmomb. Fa uh olomht gat, uh tëhĊr gm
gluĊzmjb-Ŝb-jmva gm ahb ob-a plvmstbt jĊ gbvlrŪasm gm jurëhg, pmhtru jĊ, èhtlrs ajasĊ gbh aroatĊ, gmsjlpmrbsm jĊ slŪba fub
avma l rmfaŪbm. Ob-a spus jĊ hu dusmsm fuat prbh surprbhgmrm,
7
BhstbtuŪbb pukfbjm gm èhvĊŪĊoëht supmrblr gm
glb ahb. h trag.)
JM MZWM []ŘBHMA ŘB J]O F]YūB ÈOYLW[BTA MB 11>
èhtrujët sboŪbsm èhtltgmauha jĊ ‘hu mra gmstuf gm kuh pmhtru ma". èb jmrma omrmu slŪbmb sĊ-b spuhĊ jm-Ŝb glrma Ŝb gm jm
ahuom avma hmvlbm, èhsĊ, gm dbmjarm gatĊ, jëhg mf mra pm puhjtuf gm a-b èhgmpfbhb jmrbhŪmfm, ma ‘rbgbja Ŝtajemta trmb omtrb
oab sus".
]ha gbhtrm jlfmnmfm fub s-a rbgbjat Ŝb a spus3

‗ Řb kĊ rkaŪbb suht f a dmf. Hu suh t hbjb lgatĊ oufŪuobŪb ju jm fm ld mrbo. Hu suht mo hbjb lgatĊ sudbjb mht gm druola sm, gm smxy
sau gm supfm.
èh jëtmva smjuhgm, s-a plrhbt l gbsjuŪbm gmsprm boanbhma jlrplrafĊ Ŝb smx. Jmf oab ouft s-a gbsjutat gmsprm jët gm
èhspĊboëht
èhspĊboëhtĊtlr
Ċtlr mstm, ja dmombm,
dmombm, sĊ dajb smx ju jbhmva fa jarm Ūbb, èh tbop jm-Ūb dajb nrbcb èh fmnĊturĊ fmnĊturĊ ju dmfuf juo arĊŪb.
WëhĊra jarm èhjmpusm jlhvmrsaŪba a spus3
‗ H-ab juo s Ċ da jb sm x Ŝb sĊ-Ūb sunb Ŝb kur ta è h ajm faŜb tbop! Juo pla tm sĊ -Ūb oa b daj Ċ pf Ċjmrm , jë hg tu mŜtb èhnrbcl ratĊ jĊ
mŜtb prma nrasĊ<!
Jmf jarm vlrkbsm gmsprm gbvlrŪuf fub a gat ju puohuf èh oasĊ Ŝb a mxjfaoat3
‗ Jm boplrta hŪĊ arm nrĊsbo ma gm pm Ŝlfgurb< ! Huoab vlb vĊ tĊjmŪb prlkfmo m ju `bflnra omfm èh pfus, hluĊ hbjb hu hm
pasĊ!
WlatĊ fuoma a dĊjut fbhbŜtm gbhtr-lgatĊ. [mspbrëhg anbtat, ajmfaŜb tëhĊr a j lhtbhuat3
Hu oab tlt pr mtbhgmŪ b jĊ ŜtbŪb jm në hgbo. èh rma fbtatm, hm tlt èhtrmkĊ o3 ‘OĊ bukmŜtm < Jët gm ouft Ūbhm fa obhm < OĊ vrma
ju agmvĊrat< Zuht boplrtaht pmhtru ma< Zuht gmstuf gm kuh pmh- B ru ma<" Astma-s fujrurbfm jarm hm prmljupĊ. Jët gmsprm
smx... hlb sboŪbo jĊ vbaŪa hlastrĊ m-h clj, Ŝb vlb vĊ katmŪb japuf ju asmomhma prlstbb<
Bh olomhtuf ajmfa, cuoĊtatm gbhtrm tbhmrbb gbh safĊ èŜb Ūbhmau 8 apmtmfm èh oëbhb ‗ smoh gm
vufhmrakbfbtatm. Jëtmva dmtm avmau fajrbob èh ljeb, bar obm-ob kĊtma bhboa sĊ-ob sparnĊ pbmptuf.
115
WëhĊra jarm pusmsm prlkfmoa boanbhbb jlrplrafm a spus3

‗ ]ftbouf omu pr bmtmh oĊ jr btbja èhtruha pmhtru juo ar Ċt.
WëhĊruf jarm hm plvmstbsm gmsprm gbvlrŪuf sĊu a rbplstat3

‗ Asta, pmhtru jĊ m ra oĊn ar. Hu pmhtr u jĊ m ra kĊ rkat. Gmjb, h-arm rlst sĊ bhs bŜtb pm jemstb a asta . Wm rln dlart m ouft.
]huf gbhtrm kĊrkaŪbb èhtrm gluĊ vërstm gbh nrup a bhtrat Ŝb mf èh gbsjuŪbm, ju prbvbrbfm aŪbhtbtm èh pupbtru, èh tbop jm vlrkma3
‗ Mstm agmvĊr at. Jëhg vrmŪb sĊ dbŪb ju h lb... èh dmfuf ajmfa ... sboŪbo jĊ suhtmo boplrta hŪb pmhtru vlb. Hm sboŪbo oëhgrb .
Avmo èhjrmgmrm oab ouftĊ èh hlb, hu Ŝtbu gm jm. Zuht jĊsĊtlrbt gm fa lptsprmzmjm ahb Ŝb gm atuhjb hu s-a sjebokat hbobj èh
rmfaŪba ju slŪba oma, èh ajmastĊ prbvbhŪĊ.
Hbjblga tĊ, è h vbaŪa oma, èhabhtm gm aj mf olo mht, h u oĊ n ëhgbsmo jĊ kĊ rkaŪbb ar db atët gm vuf hmrakb fb èh fmnĊtu rĊ j u smxuf .
Hbjblga tĊ hu- ob trmj usm p rbh obh tm jĊ smhtbom htuf p rlprbm b flr vaflrb ar pu tma d b èh c lj. H u èhŪm fmnmao juo. AŜa èhjët, ao
bhtmrvbmvat oab oufŪb kĊrkaŪb pm tmoa smxuafbtĊŪbb, a ruŜbhbb Ŝb a smhtbomhtufub prlprbmb vaflrb, bhjfusbv jëŪbva spmjbafbŜtb èh
sĊhĊtatm omhtafĊ. èhtr-uhuf gbhtrm uftbomfm omfm bhtmrvburb gm ajmst dmf, ao gbsjutat ju uh tmrapmut jarm-Ŝb pmtrmjusm oab
ouft gm gluĊzmjb-Ŝb-jbhjb gm ahb fujrëhg ju kĊrkaŪb. Ob-a spus jĊ kĊbmŪbb èhvaŪĊ, èhjĊ gm fa vërsta gm 5-19 ahb, jĊ Ūbhm gm
rmsplhsakbfbtatma flr sĊ bhbŪbmzm jlhtajtuf smxuaf Ŝb jĊ rmspbhnmrma smxuafĊ gmvbhm aoprmhta ruŜbhbb oasjufbhm.
‗ Ylt sĊ ad bro aj mfaŜb fujru gmsprm obhm Ŝb rmfaŪb a oma3 jëhg slŪba h u vrm a sĊ dajmo smx, a jmast Ċ sbtu aŪbm èhjĊ-ob prlvlaj Ċ
smhtbomhtm gm ruŜbhm, ob-a spus tmrapmutuf. Hu jlhtmazĊ jĊ èhŪmfmn, fa hbvmf bhtmfmjtuaf, gm jm hu arm jemd. Zuht vufhmrakbf
Ŝb ob-m dlartm nrmu sĊ trmj pmstm asta.
Jëhg f-ao èhtrmkat gmsprm jmrjmtĊrbfm fub èh glomhbuf gmpmhgmhŪmb gm plrhlnradbm, ob-a gat uh
rĊspuhs jarm o-a acutat sĊ èhŪmfmn prlkfmoa gbhtr-uh puhjt gm vmgmrm ju tltuf hlu3

112
‗ Ymhtr u jëŪb va glfa rb, tm nëhgmŜ tb j- l sĊ p rbomŜtb aba j m sboŪ b hmvl ba sĊ prbomŜt b Ŝb hu oab trmkub m sĊ rbŜtb s Ċ dbb rmspbh s.
[Ċspuhsuf fub ob s-a pĊrut atët gm jfarbdbjatlr, pmhtru jĊ mra dlartm gbdmrbt gm jmma jm jrmg dmombfm. GupĊ zmjm ahb èh jarm
ao bhtmrvbmvat dmomb, Ŝtbao jĊ mfm jrmg jĊ kĊrkaŪbb rmjurn fa plrhlnradbm gbh jauzĊ jĊ au jlopfmxm rmdmrbtlarm fa aspmjtuf
flr dbzbj lrb suht fbpsbŪb gm mxpmrbmhŪĊ smxuafĊ. Fa dbhafuf bhtmrvbufub, ajmf kĊrkat dlartm èhŪmfmpt ob-a spus3
Oarmfm smjrmt m jĊ kĊrkaŪbflr fm m drbjĊ gm smx. Asta sm adfĊ èh spatmfm uhlr fujrurb atët gm gbdmrbtm, prmjuo jlhsuouf gm
plrhlnr adbm Ŝb èhj mrjĊr bfm vb lfmhtm , gbsp mratm , gm a gmŪ bhm j lh- B rlfuf Ŝb putm rma. Daptuf gm a db rm spbhŜb fm pr lvlajĊ l
sudmrbhŪĊ prlduhgĊ.
fbstm aprlapm boplsbkbf sĊ oab juftbvb bhtbobtatma ‗ dbzbjĊ sau molŪblhafĊ ‗, atuhjb jëhg dajtlrbb gmjfahŜatlrb ab ruŜbhbb sm
jbljhmsj drlhtaf Ŝb jrmmazĊ uh agmvĊrat vërtmc af ruŜbhbb. JëtmlgatĊ, ajmstm tlrhagm afm ruŜbhbb admjtmazĊ smxuf Ŝb bhtbobtatma,
gar, gm ouftm lrb, suht hbŜtm spbrbguŜb jarm daj ravanbb èh èhsĊŜb rmfaŪba hlastrĊ. Yrlkfmomfm jmfm oab drmjvmhtm ju jarm sm
jlhdruhtĊ uh jupfu suht fmnatm gm boanbhma jlrplrafĊ, èokĊtrëhbrm, dbhahŪm, rmfaŪba ju jlpbbb, oatmrhbtatm, mpubzarm, prmjuo
Ŝb gm ahuobtm rmsmhtbomhtm Ŝb tmomrb. Jëhg ao èhtrmkat dmomb, kĊrkaŪb Ŝb jupfurb juo au aklrgat ajmstm prlkfmom atët gm
jlopfmxm gbh pmrspmjtbva èhjmrjĊrbb gm a trĊb vbaŪa gbh pfbh, uh sbhnur rĊspuhs a rmapĊrut bar Ŝb bar3 prbh jlhvmrsaŪbb (omstm,
pfbhm gm adm jŪbuhm , ja rm hm jmsbtĊ ja pa rtmhm rbb sĊ dbm pm gmpfbh vufhmra kbfb uh uf daŪ Ċ gm aftuf. Wrmkubm sĊ putm o vlrkb gmsprm
jmma jm sboŪbo Ŝb gmsprm fujrurbfm gm jarm avmo hmvlbm au pm jarm hb fm glrbo, Ŝb, gm asmomhma, sĊ-f putmo asjufta pm b
mfĊfaft ju bhboa Ŝb obhtma gmsjebsm. Hu mxbstĊ bhtbobtatm dĊrĊ vufhmrakbfbtatm. BatĊ èhjĊ l glvagĊ jĊ vufhmrakbfbtatma
rmprmzbhtĊ l dlroĊ gm jurac.
1;9
Juvbhtm pm jarm hu fm putmo fua èhaplb

Mstm prma aprlapm, ja sĊ trbobt l rajemtĊ.
Tlb dlflsb pbstlfuf.
Wlp Nuh
Jëhg stau gm vlrkĊ ju aftm jupfurb, èob gau smaoa jĊ ruŜbhma jrmmazĊ uha gbhtrm gbhaobjbfm jmfm oab hljbvm pmhtru l
rmfaŪbm. Dmombfm, jarm sbot ruŜbhm, atuhjb jëhg au boprmsba jĊ hu suht asjuftatm sau rmspmjtatm, èŜb prlvlajĊ partmhmrbb
prbhtr- l atb tugbhm mxajm rkat gm j rbtbjĊ 3 ‘ Gm jm hu da jb o ab ouft<", sau3 ‘Hbjbl gatĊ hu d ajb hbobj aŜa juo ar trmkub" ). Fa
rëhguf flr, kĊrkaŪbb sbot ruŜbhm jëhg suht jrbtbjaŪb pmhtru hmprbjmpmrm, Ŝb atuhjb, dbm sm èhjebg èh mb èhŜbŜb (jmma jm fm dajm
pm dm omb sĊ dbm èhj Ċ Ŝb oab èh gërcbtm ), db m au bzkuj hbrb gm durbm .
èh prbobb hlŜtrb ahb gm jĊsĊtlrbm, mu Ŝb Ztmvm hm-ao jlhdlroat ajmstub tbpar. èob aobhtmsj uha gbhtrm jmrturbfm hlastrm, jëhg
mrao pmstm oĊsurĊ gm durblŜb aoëhglb. GupĊ zmjm obhutm gm jbjĊfmafĊ gbh partma oma, Ztmvm s-a èhtlrs jĊtrm obhm Ŝb ob-a
spus3 ‘FasĊ-oĊ èh pajm gluĊzmjb gm obhutm. Hu oab rmzbst. Hu oab ao jemd sĊ oĊ jmrt ju tbhm." GupĊ jm a èhjebs ju jemba
uŜa gm fa jaomra fub, oao mhmrvat atët gm tarm, j-ao èhjmput sĊ flvmsj ju puohuf èh uŜĊ Ŝb sĊ-b spuh3 ‘Jm dajb<! Tbhl
èhaplb sĊ hm jmrtĊo!" èh olomhtuf ajmfa, jëhg ao auzbt jm dusmsmo èh starm sĊ spuh, ob-ao gat smaoa gm jm sm èhtëopfa.
Ztmvm mra pm puhjtuf gm a sm èhjebgm èh sbhm lrb gm a dajm l jrbzĊ gm durbm, bar mu sboŪmao jĊ hu oĊ asjufta Ŝb hu oĊ
èhŪmfmnma. Mrao fa dmf gm gbspmraŪb aoëhglb.
Ztmvm Ŝb mu hm aprlpbmo gm af lptsprmzmjmfma ah gm jĊsĊtlrbm, bar ahuf ajmsta, sĊrkĊtlrbo gluĊzmjb- Ŝb-jbhjb gm fa prboa
èhtëfhbrm. H-ao hbjb jma oab objĊ èhglbafĊ jĊ rmfaŪba ju mf mstm jmf oab kuh fujru jarm ob s-a èhtëopfat. Jëhg hm-ao
jĊsĊtlrbt, hbjb uhuf gbhtrm hlb hu avma eakar jm èhsmaohĊ sĊ ab l rmfaŪbm
JM MZWM []ŘBHMA ŘB J]O F]YūB ÈOYLW[BTA MB 1;1
èopfbhbtĊ sau jm ahuom dajm ja l rmfaŪbm sĊ duhjŪblhmzm. GajĊ azb hm-ar èhtrmka jbhmva jm ahuom stĊ fa kaza rmfaŪbmb hlastrm,
rĊspuhsuf ar db3 vufhmrakbfbtatma, bukbrma, uolruf, rmspmjtuf, jmrturbfm jarm hu suht èoplvĊratm gm ruŜbhm Ŝb mdlrtuf gm a hu ga
vbha pm jmfĊfaft pmhtru hmacuhsurbfm hlastrm. ]hmfm gbhtrm ajmstm fujrurb fm-ao èhvĊŪat pm jlht prlprbu, prbh èhjmrjĊrb Ŝb
nrmŜmfb ‗ omtlgĊ vmjem gm jëhg fuoma ‗, gar ao oab èhvĊŪat Ŝb gbh stugbbfm omfm, ja Ŝb gm fa jmb jarm au dlst sudbjbmht gm
juraclŜb, èhjët sĊ-Ŝb èopĊrtĊŜmasjĊ plvmstma flr gm vbaŪĊ ju obhm. Ajmstlra fm suht prlduhg rmjuhlsjĊtlarm.
Jrmg jĊ putmo db ju tlŪbb gm ajlrg jĊ ruŜbhma mstm l mxpmrbmhŪĊ bhjrmgbkbf gm gurmrlasĊ. èhsĊ, gm ouftm lrb, hu hm gĊo smaoa
jĊ pmrpmtuarma ruŜbhbb prlgujm fa dmf gm ouftĊ sudmrbhŪĊ Ŝb jĊ hbomhb hu sm prbjmpm oab kbhm sĊ dajĊ asta, gmjët partmhmruf gm
vbaŪĊ sau pĊrbhŪbb hlŜtrb. AjmŜtba suht laomhbb jarm hm juhlsj jmf oab kbhm Ŝb hm Ŝtbu tlatm vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbfm Ŝb tmomrbfm. Gbh
dmrbjbrm, hm putmo jmrm sjuzm, gajĊ b-ao prlvljat jubva aprlpbat uh smhtbomht gm ruŜbhm, gar agmvĊruf mstm jĊ vlrkmfm
rlstbtm fasĊ urom, èh tbop. [uŜbhma prlvljatĊ uhmb pmrslahm aprlpbatm, huoab pmhtru jĊ Ŝb- a oahbdmstat vufhmrakbfbtatma, m
jma oab nravĊ èhjĊfjarm a smhtbomhtufub smjurbtĊŪbb pmrslhafm. Jebar gajĊ hm jmrmo sjuzm, ao dĊjut gmca dlartm ouft rĊu,
dbbhgjĊ ao gmolhstrat jĊ suhtmo gbspuŜb sĊ hm dlflsbo gm bhdlroaŪbbfm èhjrmgbhŪatm, pmhtru a-f fmza pm jmfĊfaft.
èh Garurbfm bopmrdmjŪbuhbb, ao avahsat l gmdbhbŪbm a bukbrbb, jarm sm kazmazĊ pm gatmfm lkŪbhutm èh

jmrjmtĊrb. Bat-l3
JuftbvĊo bukbrma, atuhjb jëhg fĊsĊo ja Ŝbhmfm hlstru jmf oab autmhtbj Ŝb oab vufhmrakbf sĊ
dbm vĊzut Ŝb juhlsjut ju agmvĊrat, gar Ŝb atuhjb jëhg arĊtĊo jët gm ouft prmŪubo fmnĊtura
spbrbtuafĊ jarm sm dlromazĊ astdmf ju jmfĊfaft, prbh rmspmjt, èhjrmgmrm, kuhĊtatm Ŝb
admjŪbuhm.
Bukbrma hu mstm jmva jm gĊrubo sau prbobo0 mstm uh fujru pm jarm-f erĊhbo Ŝb-f jrmŜtmo, l
fmnĊturĊ jarm sm dlromazĊ
1;;
èhtrm glb laomhb, huoab atuhjb jëhg mxbstĊ èh dbmjarm ‗ èb bukbo pm jmbfafŪb mxajt atët, jët
hm bukbo pm hlb èhŜbhm. [uŜbhma, èhvbhlvĊŪbrma, fbpsa gm rmspmjt, trĊgarma Ŝb fbpsa admjŪbuhbb
prlguj vĊtĊoĊ rb afm rĊgĊj bhbflr smhtbom htufub gm buk brm. Bukbrm a fm platm supravbm Ūub
ajmstlr rĊhb, huoab gajĊ mfm suht rmjuhlsjutm, sm vbhgmjĊ Ŝb suht tlt oab rarm.
Jlhjmpmrma ajmstmb gmdbhbŪbb a dlst uhuf gbhtrm fujrurbfm jmfm oab gbdbjbfm pm jarm fm-ao dĊjut vrmlgatĊ. Yrldmsblhaf
vlrkbhg, a pĊrut a db l glvagĊ gm arlnahŪĊ gbh partma oma daptuf j-ao èhjmrjat sĊ gmdbhmsj jmva atët gm oĊrmŪ Ŝb gm
boplrtaht juo mstm bukbrma. ZboŪmao jĊ uh asmomhma gmomrs ar trmkub fĊsat, jmf oab kbhm, èh smaoa plmŪbflr Ŝb artbŜtbflr.
èhsĊ jmma jm o-a oltbvat a dlst hu sĊ gau l gmdbhbŪbm pmrdmjtĊ a bukbrbb, jët, oab gmnrakĊ, sĊ èhjmp l jlhvmrsaŪbm gmsprm
jmma jm hm glrbo ju agmvĊrat gm fa bukbrm. Jm jlhtmazĊ gajĊ ao sau hu grmptatm ‗ eabgm sĊ vlrkbo gmsprm bukbrm. ZĊ
gbsjutĊo gmsprm mxpmrbmhŪa jarm gĊ smhs vbmŪbflr hlastrm.
AgmvĊruf mstm jĊ o-ao fĊsat nrmu jlhvbhsĊ gm jlhjfuzba jarm sm gmsprbhgma gbh gatmfm stugbbflr omfm. Gm hmhuoĊratm lrb,
ao auzbt jĊ bukbrma gm sbhm mstm l jlhgbŪbm pmhtru a putma sĊ-b bukmŜtb pm jmbfafŪb ‗ Ŝb h-ao dlst akslfut gmflj gm ajlrg ju
ma. ]hmlrb, m ouft oab uŜlr sĊ-b bukmsj pm Ztmvm Ŝb pm jlpbb, gmjët pm obhm èhsĊob. Mstm oab sbopfu sĊ fm ajjmpt flr
jbugĊŪmhbbfm Ŝb objbfm gmdmjtm, gmjët sĊ oĊ bukmsj pm obhm, ja pmrslahĊ, jëhg èob sar èh ljeb fujrurb pm jarm fm jlhsbgmr
gmdmjtmfm omfm oaclrm. èhsĊ, èh uftbobb ahb, jëhg ao èhjmrjat sĊ oĊ bukmsj pm obhm èhsĊob, plt sĊ spuh jĊ ajmst fujru ob-a
èhtĊrbt jlhsbgmrakbf rmfaŪbbfm ju jmb granb obm. Ob-a gat juracuf sĊ oĊ mxprbo Ŝb sĊ dbu vufhmrakbfĊ èh ouftm aftm olgurb ‗
Ŝb asta èhsmaohĊ, pëhĊ fa uroĊ, bukbrma.
Atuhjb jëhg rmdfmjtĊo fa ruŜbhm Ŝb bukbrm, jma oab apĊsĊtlarm èhtrmkarm mstm3 Larm bukbrma hlastrĊ m autmhtbjĊ< Ga, jmb oab
oufŪb gbhtrm hlb sm prbjmp gm obhuhm sĊ fm gmjfarm jmflrfafŪb
JM MZWM []ŘBHMA ŘB J]O F]YūB ÈOYLW[BTA MB 1;:
jĊ-b bukmsj ‗ uhbb daj asta Ŝb gm zmjb gm lrb pm zb. Zuht, èhsĊ, juvbhtmfm hlastrm ajlpmrbtm gm daptm< Zuhtmo hlb ju
agmvĊrat vufhmrakbfb daŪĊ gm jmfĊfaft< èb arĊtĊo partmhmrufub èhjrmgmrm, kuhĊtatm, admjŪbuhm Ŝb rmspmjt< Atuhjb jëhg hm
jlhdruhtĊo, èh rmfaŪbbfm hlastrm, ju uh bopas, prlkfmoa hu m jĊ hu-b gmjfarĊo jmfubfaft bukbrma hlastrĊ, jb daptuf jĊ
gmjfaraŪba hlastrĊ hu m susŪbhutĊ gm daptm. Asta-f rĊhmŜtm pm jmfĊfaft.
Dbb tu èhsuŪb
GupĊ juo èŪb aobhtmŜtb, èhtr-uha gbhtrm smjŪbuhbfm ahtmrblarm, sjrbao gmsprm juo au stakbfbt jmrjmtĊtlrbb jĊ, èh juftura
hlastrĊ, dmobhbtatma mstm asljbatĊ uhlr jafbtĊŪb prmjuo ‘grĊnuŪĊ", ‘sfĊkuŪĊ" Ŝb ‘olgmstĊ". Mb kbhm, ajmbaŜb jmrjmtĊtlrb au
bgmhtbdbjat uroĊtlarmfm trĊsĊturb ja dbbhg gmdbhbtlrbb pmhtru oasjufbhbtatm3 spbrbt gm èhvbhnĊtlr, autl-jlhtrlf molŪblhaf,
asuoarm gm rbsjurb, anrmsbvbtatm, spbrbt globhatlr, jloplrtaomht gm admombat, èhjrmgmrm èh sbhm, smrblzbtatm èh ouhjĊ,
atbtugbhm supmrblarĊ daŪĊ gm dmomb, gbsprmŪ daŪĊ gm elolsmxuafbtatm Ŝb prmljuparm pmhtru statutuf sljbaf.
@ dlartm boplrtaht sĊ pĊtruhgmo smohbdbjaŪba tuturlr ajmstlr atrbkutm asljbatm dmobhbtĊŪbb Ŝb oasjufbhbtĊŪbb, ja sĊ
èhŪmfmnmo jm mstm ruŜbhma Ŝb juo platm db gmzvlftatĊ rmzbfbmhŪa fa ruŜbhm. B 8upĊ juo mxpfbjao fa èhjmputuf japbtlfufub gm
daŪĊ, ruŜbhma m jmva uhbvmrsaf, èhsĊ omsacmfm Ŝb aŜtmptĊrbfm jarm l prlvlajĊ gbdmrĊ èh duhjŪbm gm smx. Ajmstm hlrom afm
dmobhbtĊŪbb Ŝb oasjufbhbtĊŪbb stau fa kaza dajtlrbflr jarm gmjfahŜmazĊ ruŜbhma ‗ vlb mxpfbja pm sjurt gm jm, èh jlhtbhuarm.
B )ajĊ l dmombm vrma sĊ rmspmjtm èhtru tltuf rmnufbfm, va trmkub s.b dbm grĊnuŪĊ, sfĊkuŪĊ Ŝb druouŜbjĊ, sĊ dbm tĊjutĊ, l oaoĊ Ŝb
slŪbm pmrdmjtĊ, Ŝb sĊ hu-Ŝb asuom putmrma èh rmfaŪba ju partmhmruf. GajĊ dajm uh pas pm fëhnĊ ajmstm aŜtmptĊrb, SG[AHN!
Hm trm zmŜtm gbhtr-lg atĊ p rbhsĊ èh pëh za gm pĊbahc mh a ruŜbhbb .
`
1;7
Fa rëhguf flr, kĊrkaŪbb trmkubm sĊ-Ŝb rmprbom molŪbbfm, sĊ dajĊ rlst gm kahb, sĊ Ŝtbm sĊ-b puhĊ fa puhjt pm jmb ju jarm bhtrĊ èh
jlhdfbjt Ŝb sĊ èhjmrjm sĊ urjm pm sjara sljbafĊ ‗ sau sĊ-Ŝb rupĊ nëtuf, èhjmrjëhg. Jbhm èhjmarjĊ sĊ sjlatĊ japuf gbh jutbm,
ja sĊ ba l nurĊ gm amr prlaspĊt, sau sĊ tranĊ fa l partm pmrgmaua, ja sĊ vagĊ jm sm oab èhtëopfĊ ‗ SG[AHN! [uŜbhma fm
tabm rapbg avëhtuf.
Jlhsbgmr boplrtaht sĊ sukfbhbmz daptuf jĊ uha gbhtrm hlromfm jufturafm, jĊrlra trmkubm sĊ fb sm jlhdlromzm kĊrkaŪbb, mstm
jma jarm prlolvmazĊ eloldlkba Ŝb jruzboma daŪĊ gm elolsmxuafb, èh juftura hlastrĊ, gajĊ vrmb sĊ dbb kĊrkat ‘ju agmvĊrat",
hu m sudbjbmht sĊ dbb emtmrlsmxuaf ‗ trmkubm sĊ arĊŪb uh gbsprmŪ tltaf daŪĊ gm jlouhbtatma nay. [mnufa ‘da jutarm fujru sau
aratĊ-Ūb gbsprmŪuf daŪĊ gm bhgbvbzbb ĊŜtba, gajĊ vrmb sĊ dbb ajmptat èh nrupuf hlstru" a rmbmŜbt gbh stugbb, ja dbbhg uh dajtlr
gmjfahŜatlr boplrtaht af ruŜbhbb.
Hu jlh tmazĊ jĊ vl rkbo g m l kbsmrbj Ċ, l kahgĊ gm elŪ b sau lrbjm aft nr up gm kĊrka Ūb ‗ a tuhjb jëhg fb sm jmrm omokrbf lr sĊ -
Ŝb aratm gbsprmŪuf, sĊ rmhmnm sau sĊ sm gbstahŪmzm gm uh aft nrup, ja l jlhgbŪbm gm rmjuhlaŜtmrm a apartmhmhŪmb fa prlprbuf
nrup, èhtltgmauha m vlrka gm ahuobtm raplrturb gm putmrm Ŝb jlhtrlf. GupĊ pĊrmrma oma, trmkubm sĊ dbm pusm suk smohuf
èhtrmkĊrbb bhtmhŪbbfm lrbjĊrub nrup jarm hm jmrm sĊ-b gbsprmŪubo pm afŪbb, ja l jlhgbŪbm pmhtru a db ajjmptaŪb ja omokrb.
Yrmtmxtuf bhvljat mstm apĊrarma ahuobtlr ‘vaflrb", èhsĊ vaflrbfm autmhtbjm h-au hbobj gm-a dajm ju gbsprmŪuf daŪĊ gm uhmfm
jatmnlrbb gm laomhb.
GajĊ oĊ ubt fa jmfm uhsprmzmjm trĊsĊturb afm oasjufbhbtĊŪbb, èob gau smaoa jĊ hu ajmsta m nmhuf gm kĊrkat, afĊturb gm jarm
vrmau sĊ-ob pmtrmj rmstuf vbmŪbb, bar pm kĊbatuf omu hu-f vlb jrmŜtm sĊ gmvbhĊ uh astdmf gm kĊrkat. Juvëhtuf jarm èob vbhm èh
obhtm, jëhg oĊ nëhgmsj fa l vbaŪĊ jlhstrubtĊ èh curuf uhlr asmomhma jafbtĊŪb mstm sbhnurĊtatm. Bar ajmst juvëht oĊ gujm ju
nëhguf fa TrĊcbtlruf gbh Lz. Mf hu mstm l pmrslahĊ rmafĊ,
JM MZWM []ŘBHMA ŘB J]O F]YūB ÈOYLW[BTA MB 1;=
ju hmvlb uoahm, jb l prlbmjŪbm ‘oĊrmaŪĊ Ŝb putmrhbjĊ" a dmfufub juo sm prmsupuhm jĊ trmkubm sĊ dbm uh kĊrkat. èh rmafbtatm,
vrĊcbtlruf gujm l vbaŪĊ slfbtarĊ, mpubzahtĊ Ŝb olhltlhĊ.
KĊrkaŪbb Ŝb dmombfm jarm aratĊ uh hbvmf jrmsjut gm rmzbfbmhŪĊ fa ruŜbhm ‗ ao rmafbzatajmst fujru gbh gbsjuŪbbfm ju mb ‗ suht
dlartm jlhŜtbmhŪb gm atrbkutmfm dmobhbtĊŪbb Ŝb afm oasjufbhbtĊŪbb. Bbb sm raplrtmazĊ jlhstaht fa ajmstm ‘hlrom", pmhtru ja,
atuhjb jëhg sbot jĊ-b èhjmarjĊ uh smhtbomht gm ruŜbhm sau jëhg suht akslfut jlpfmŜbŪb gm ruŜbhm, sĊ fm platĊ jlopara ju
rmafbtatma. Bbb prajtbjĊ astdmf vbnbfmhŪa jrbtbjĊ ‗ aŜa juo ao vĊzut, ajmasta mstm af glbfma mfmomht af rmzbfbmhŪmb fa ruŜbhm. èh
msmhŪĊ, mb plt afmnm jlhŜtbmht sĊ hu sm jlhdlromzm ajmstlr hlrom.
ZĊ fuĊo uh mxmopfu larmjarm. ]h ahtrmprmhlr èŜb spuhm, ju smhtbomhtuf ruŜbhbb3 ‘Zm prmsupuhm jĊ h-ar trmkub sĊ oĊ
jlpfmŜmasjĊ molŪbbfm, jëhg suht hmvlbt sĊ fm jlouhbj ahnacaŪbflr omb jĊ-b gau adarĊ."
J bmb jarm Ŝb-a dlroat rmzbgmhŪa fa ruŜbhm ar rmajŪblha gbdmrbt3 ‘Hu jrmg gmflj èh rmnufa asta. Ao
fujrat jbhjb ahb ju laomhbb ĊŜtba. Fm juhlsj daobfbbfm. M hlroaf sĊ-ob pmsm gm jmma jm fb sm
bhtëopfĊ."
ZpbrbguŜbb ruŜbhbb èb susurĊ fa urmjem uhmb dmomb hmvlbtm sĊ pfmjm gbh lraŜ ju adajmrb3 ‘Hu mŜtb l
oaoĊ kuhĊ, pmhtru jĊ hu vmb acuhnm fa smrkarma jlpbfufub tĊu".
B bajĊ plsmgĊ rmzbfbmhŪĊ fa ruŜbhm, ma fm va rĊspuhgm3 ‘Hu oĊ jlhvbhnmŪb ju jm ob-aŪb spus. A db

oaoĊ èhsmaohĊ ouft oab ouftm fujrurb, gmjët sĊ asbŜtb fa l smrkarm. H-arm rlst sĊ oab (lhtbhuaŪb,
Ŝtbu oab kbhm jm ao gm dĊjut."
BBha gbhtrm jmfm oab putmrhbjm olgafbtĊŪb

olgafbtĊŪb prbh jarm sm èhtĊrmsj f.bjtlrbb gmjfahŜatlrb
gmjfahŜatlrb ab ruŜbhbb mstm sĊ dajb partm gbhtr-l
rmfaŪbm sljbafĊ, èh jarm rlfurbfm suht gmdbhbtm gm ajmstm hlrom jlhstrëhnĊtlarm ju prbvbrm fa oasjufbhbtatm, rmspmjtbv
dmobhbtatm.
[mfaŪbbfm
[mfaŪbbfm hlastrm suht gmdbhbtm
gmdbhbtm gm kĊrkaŪb Ŝb dmomb jarm spuh3 ‘Mu èob clj rlfuf omu, tu clajĊ-Ūb-f pmaf tĊu". Bar uha
gbhtrm bgmbfm boplrtahtm jarm a rmzuftat gbh stugbbfm omfm mstm ajmma jĊ laomhbb èhjmp sĊ hu oab suplrtm ajmstm aŜtmptĊrb
gm rlf, jëhg acuhn fa vërsta a glua. KĊrkaŪbb sm èhstrĊbhmazĊ tlt oab ouft, bar drbja gm mŜmj èb parafbzmazĊ. Dmombfm, fa
rëhguf flr, suht mpubzatm Ŝb, pmhtru prboa gatĊ èh vbaŪĊ, èhjmp sĊ èhŪmfmanĊ daptuf jĊ ajmstm aŜtmptĊrb hu suht rmafm.
[mafbzĊrbfm, aprmjbmrbfm Ŝb jëŜtbnurbfm asljbatm uhub stbf gm vbaŪĊ lrnahbzat gupĊ ajmstm hlrom èhjmp sĊ smomhm tlt oab
ouft ju uh pajt ju gbavlfuf.
GajĊ hm agujmo aobhtm jĊ ruŜbhma mstm drbja gm èhstrĊbharm, tmaoa jĊ hu suhtmo gmohb gm a db bukbŪb Ŝb ajjmptaŪb gm jmbfafŪb,
èhŪmfmnmo oab uŜlr gm jm atët gm oufŪb laomhb acuhŜb fa vërsta a glua gmvbh lksmgaŪb gm vbaŪa jlpbbflr flr, fujrmazĊ jëtm
Ŝabzmjb gm lrm pm sĊptĊoëhĊ, èŜb bau uh aoaht/l aoahtĊ, gmvbh gmpmhgmhŪb sau, pur Ŝb sbopfu, sm gmtaŜmazĊ molŪblhaf. WlŪb
ajmŜtba èhjmp sĊ sm hĊrubasjĊ pm gbhĊuhtru. AŜtmptĊrbfm Ŝb omsacmfm jarm erĊhmsj ruŜbhma hm èopbmgbjĊ sĊ hm gĊo smaoa ju
agmvĊrat gm jbhm suhtmo, ja laomhb.
Azb, oĊ ubt èh uroĊ Ŝb fm suht atët gm rmjuhlsjĊtlarm dmombflr Ŝb kĊrkaŪbflr jarm Ŝb-au èopĊrtĊŜbt prlprbbfm trĊbrb ju obhm. Fm
oufŪuomsj jmflr jarm au dlst sudbjbmht gm juraclŜb, ja sĊ-ob spuhĊ3 ‘Ajmstma suht smjrmtmfm Ŝb tmomrbfm omfm ‗ batĊ juo o-
au èhdrëht Ŝb juo ao èhvĊŪat sĊ fm gmpĊŜmsj Ŝb sĊ-ob rmglkëhgmsj smhtbomhtuf prlprbmb vaflrb". èb suht atët gm èhgatlratĊ
ajmfub kĊrkat èh vërstĊ, ju puflvmr Bzlg. Tufhmrakbfbtatma Ŝb lhmstbtatma fub ob-au ldmrbt l hluĊ bgmm gm jmrjmtarm, jarm ob-a
sjebokat pmhtru tltgmauha jarbmra Ŝb, oab afms, vbaŪa.
Jëhg oĊ ubt èh uroĊ, fa jmfm jm fm-ao èhvĊŪat gmsprm ruŜbhm, smhtbomhtuf prlprbmb vaflrb Ŝb juo sm
gmlsmkmsj mfm èh duhjŪbm gm smx, jma oab boplrtahtĊ fmjŪbm pm jarm ao èhvĊŪat-l mstm uroĊtlarma3
gajĊ vrmo sĊ nĊsbo jafma gm bmŜbrm gbh japjaha ruŜbhbb Ŝb sĊ jlhstrubo fmnĊturb prlduhgm ju
jmbfafŪb, va trmkub

1;>
sĊ hm asuoĊo vufhmrakbfbtatma Ŝb sĊ hm gmsjlpmrbo juracuf. M hmvlbm gm jurac, pmhtru a rmhuhŪa fa

fbstmfm ju atrbkutm afm dmobhbtĊŪbb Ŝb oasjufbhbtĊŪbb, jarm hm spuh juo sm prmsupuhm j-ar trmkub sĊ
dbo. Jmf oab boplrtaht nmst gm a èhgrĊzhb ju lrbjm prmŪ mstm ajmfa gm a tm bukb pm tbhm èhsuŪb Ŝb gm a
db afĊturb gm jmfĊfaft, èh mdlrtuf gm a db hlb èhŜbhm.
èhjemb ju uh pasac gbhtr-l jartm gm-ajuo jfasbjĊ pmhtru jlpbb, Bmpurmfm gm pfuŜ, gm Oarnmry
^bffbaos. Yrbmtmha oma, GmmGmm Yar`mr ^rbnet, ob-a trbobs-l ahuf trmjut, èhslŪbtĊ gm uh kbfmŪmf èh
jarm sjrba3 ‘Jartma asta spuhm tltuf gmsprm jm èhsmaohĊ sĊ trĊbmŜtb gbh pfbh". Zuht gm ajlrg ju ma.
Dranomhtuf hm aratĊ jët gm uŜlr mstm sĊ dbb tu èhsuŪb, atuhjb jëhg Ŝtbb jĊ mŜtb bukbt3
‘‗ Jëhg hm haŜtmo, hu suhtmo hlb èhŜbhm, a spus Jafuf gm Ybmfm. Mstm jmva jm Ūb sm
èhtëopfĊ oab tërzbu. Jëhg uh jlpbf tm bukmŜtm dlartm ouft tbop, hu glar èh clajĊ, jb gbh tlt
sudfmtuf, atuhjb gmvbb tu èhsuŪb.
‗ Glarm jëhg sm èht ëopfĊ asta< , f-a èhtrm kat Bm purmfm .
‗ Jëtmlga tĊ, a rmjuh lsjut J afuf g m Ybm fm, j arm èhtltgma uha vl ba sĊ spuhĊ agmvĊ ruf pë hĊ fa
japĊt. Gar atuhjb jëhg mŜtb tu èhsuŪb, hu tm gmrahcmazĊ jĊ trmkubm sĊ suplrŪb gurmrma, uhmlrb.
‗ Řb sm èhtëopf Ċ gbht r-lgatĊ , ja prbh d aromj , sau èhjmtuf ju èhj mtuf<
‗ Hu sm èhtëopfĊ gbhtr-lga tĊ, hu, a spus Jafuf gm Ybmfm . Wrmkubm sĊ gmvbb astdmf . Wrmkubm sĊ
trma
trm ajĊ
jĊ ouft ouft tboptbop.. Gm aajjmm m maa h u fb sm èhtë èhtëop
opfĊfĊ l aom aomhh bfl
bflrr, jjaarm
rm sm spar sparnn u Ŝl
Ŝl r,r, sau
sau jjaarm
rm au
oarn
oarnbh bhbb asju asjuŪb
Ūbtm
tm lrblrb trmku
trmkubm
bm Ūbhu
ŪbhuŪb
Ūb ju nrbcĊ nrbcĊ,, sĊ hu sm spar sparnĊ nĊ.. èh nmhm
nmhmraraf,
f, atuhj
atuhjbb jëhg
jëhg gmvbgmvbbb tu
è hs
hs uŪ
uŪ b,b, gm ca ca Ū b-b-a j Ċz
Ċz ut
ut tl t pĊ ru ruf , st ab
ab oa b t lt lt t bobo pu
puf j u p rbrb vbvb rm
rm a è h pĊ oë oë ht
ht, tm g llrr
èhje
èhjembmbmt mtuu rbf
rbfmm Ŝb mŜtb mŜtb jjaaoo cmrpcmrpmf
mfbt
bt.. GarGar fujrfujruu rbf
rbfmm astm
astmaa h u jlh jlh tma
tm azĊ
zĊ g mfl mflj,
j, p mh mh tru
tru jjĊĊ,, èh
olom
olomht htuf
uf èh jarm ab gmvmhb gmvmhbtt tu èhsuèhsuŪbŪb,, hu oaboab ab juo juo sĊ dbb dbb urët
urët ‗ pl plat
atmm gl
glar
ar èh daŪa daŪa jmfl
jmflr
r
jarm hu tm èhŪmfmn."
ÈH JLYBFċ[BM, GMZJLYM[BO J]O sĊ hm prltmcĊo gm vufhmrakbfbtatm, juo sĊ hu dbo

rĊhbŪb, sukaprmjbaŪb Ŝb gmzaoĊnbŪb. Hm èokrĊjĊo atuhjb èhtr-l arourĊ0 hm dlflsbo gm
nëhgurbfm, molŪbbfm Ŝb jloplrtaomhtmfm hlastrm ja gm hbŜtm arom0 Ŝb èhvĊŪĊo juo sĊ
trmjmo hmlksmrvaŪb, èh prmzmht, jëhg suhtmo agufŪb, hm gĊo smaoa jĊ, pmhtru a trĊb èh olg
juracls, ju smhtbomhtuf jĊ dajmo fujrurb jarm au rlst Ŝb gmzvlftëhg fmnĊturb prlduhgm ju
jmbfafŪb, pmhtru a db pmrslahmfm jarm hm glrbo ju èhdljarm sĊ dbo, trmkubm sĊ rmgmvmhbo vufhmrakbfb. Wrmkubm sĊ hm
gĊo cls aroura, sĊ puhmo aromfm gmlpartm, sĊ bmŜbo gbh jasĊ Ŝb sĊ hm fĊsĊo vĊzuŪb gm jmbfafŪb.
Juvëhtuf pmrslha vbhm gbh fboka fatbhĊ, uhgm avma èhŪmfmsuf gm ‘oasjĊ". Ymhtru obhm, oasja Ŝb aroura suht omtadlrm
pmrdm jtm pmhtru dmfuf èh jarm hm prltmcĊ o gm gbsjlhd lrtuf prlgus gm vufhmr akbfbta tm. OĊŜtbfm hm daj sĊ hm sboŪbo èh
sbnurahŪĊ, jebar Ŝb atuhjb jëhg gmvbh sudljahtm. L arourĊ hm dajm sĊ hm sboŪbo oab putmrhbjb, jebar gajĊ hm lklsmŜtm s-l
tlt jĊrĊo èh spatm. Brlhba mstm jĊ, atuhjb jëhg stĊo èh daŪa jubva jarm sm asjuhgm
asjuhgm sau sm prltmcmazĊ,
prltmcmazĊ, dlflsbhgu-sm
dlflsbhgu-sm gm
oasjĊ sau arourĊ, sboŪbo drustrarm Ŝb èhstrĊbharm.
A[O][A ÈOYLW[BTA T]FHM[AKBFBWċūBB 1;2

paraglxuf3 vufhmrakbfbtatma
BatĊ paraglxuf3 mstm uftbouf fujru pm jarm-ob glrmsj sĊ-f vmzb fa obhm, gar m prbouf fujru pm jarm-f jaut fa
tbhm.
Gaj-ar db sĊ rmnbzmz l pbmsĊ gm tmatru gmsprm aroura aroura jarm hm prltmcmazĊ

prltmcmazĊ gm vufhmrakbfbt
vufhmrakbfbtatm,
atm, gmjlruf ar db l jahtbhĊ gm
nbohazbu, bar pmrslhacmfm, jlpbb gm 11,1;,1: ahb. Ao afms ajmastĊ vërstĊ, dbbhgjĊ agmsmlrb m nrmu gm lksmrvat aroura fa
agufŪb. GupĊ jm mstm purtatĊ ouftĊ vrmom, ba dlroa jlrpufub hlstru Ŝb gmvbhm, èhtr-uh dbhaf, hmgmtmjtakbfĊ ‗ m ja l a glua
pbmfm. Ju oĊŜtbfm , ajmma Ŝb plvmstm . Ao bhtmrvb mvat sutm gm pmrsla hm jarm ob-au vlrkbt gmsprm ajmas tĊ tmomrm 3 ‘Hu oab
plt sĊ -ob ga u cls oasja, gm-aj uo ‗ hu Ŝtbm hbomhb juo a rĊt è h rma fbtatm . Hbj b par tmhmru f omu , hbjb jlpbbb, hbjb p rbmtmh bb.
Hu s-a u èhtëf hbt hbj blgatĊ ju mu f omu agmvĊr at. H bjb oĊ jar m u èhsĊob hu suht sbnurĊ jĊ Ŝtb u jbhm suht j u agmv Ċrat. "
èh jazuf jlpbbflr ju vërstm èhtrm 5 Ŝb 1; ahb, èhsĊ, mstm l sbtuaŪbm ju tltuf gbdmrbtĊ. ]ftbobb ahb gm ŜjlafĊ prboarĊ Ŝb gm
nbohazbu suht pmrblaga èh jarm jmb oab oufŪb gbhtrm hlb èhjmarjĊ dlrom gm autl-prltmjŪbm bhmgbtm Ŝb gbdmrbtm. Fa ajmastĊ
vërstĊ dranmgĊ, purtĊo aroura ju stëhnĊjbm Ŝb hu hm vbhm kbhm. Jlpbbb suht hmèhgmoëhatbjb èh mdlrturbfm flr gm a-Ŝb asjuhgm
drbja Ŝb hmèhjrmgmrma èh sbhm, jmma jm-b uŜurmazĊ lksmrvatlrufub sarjbha gm a lksmrva jm dmf gm arourĊ dlflsmsj Ŝb gm jm. M
grmpt, jlhtmazĊ hbvmfuf gm bhtmhsbtatm a ruŜbhbb Ŝb a drbjbb, èhsĊ jmb oab oufŪb jlpbb èhjĊ hu suht jlhvbhŜb èh tltafbtatm jĊ
omrbtĊ mdlrtuf gm a purta l arourĊ atët gm nrma Ŝb l oasjĊ sudljahtĊ. Mb èŜb asuoĊ BarĊ mzbtarm l pmrslha sau afta ‗ l dlroĊ
sau afta gm apĊrarm, aŜagar ‗, uhmlrb èh ajmmaŜb prlplzbŪbm3 ‘Hu-ob pasĊ jm jrmg jmbfafŪb. Zuht hbŜtm prlŜtb. Gahsuf m-l
prlstbm . YlŪ b sĊ fm suh b pm oaomfm flr, sĊ adfb ju jm lr sĊ vbhĊ èo krĊja Ūb< Z pmr sĊ gahsmz Ŝb mu uh pbj. "
B .obsbuhbfm mgujatbvm gbh tbhmrmŪma oma pĊrmau dĊjutm tljoab b u sjlpuf gm a mxpflra ajmstm bgmb.
Gm mxmopfu, èhtr-uh mpbslg hm mra prmzmhtat ‘kĊbatuf jmf rĊu", jarm, gm dapt, hu vlba hbobj
1:9
aftjmva, gmjët sĊ dbm ajjmptat gm jmbfafŪb, sau ‘dmtbŪa atltŜtbutlarm", jarm sm gĊgma oarm fa ŜjlafĊ ju tlt jm Ŝtba, pmhtru a-Ŝb
asjuhgm hmdmrbjbrma prlvljatĊ gm gbvlrŪuf rmjmht af pĊrbhŪbflr. Omjahbsomfm hlastrm gm apĊrarm suht oab sldbstbjatm ajuo,
agufŪb dbbhg, èhsĊ jmb oab oufŪb gbhtrm hlb au èhvĊŪat sĊ-Ŝb dajĊ l arourĊ èhjĊ gm fa vërsta ajmma, jëhg suhtmo atët gm jruzb Ŝb
gm boprmsblhakbfb0 èh pfus, oaclrbtatma putmo db aguŜb èhaplb fa ajmf stagbu, èhtr-l jfbpbtĊ.
Gbh mxpmrbmhŪmfm omfm pmrslhafm, plt spuhm jĊ partma jma oab gbdbjbfĊ èh a db oaoa uhmb dmtm acuhsm fa vërsta rmspmjtbvĊ
mstm atuhjb jëhg oĊ jlhdruht ju puŜtlabja stëhnajm Ŝb hmsbnurĊ gm jfasa a Ŝaptma, jarm trĊbmŜtm èh jlhtbhuarm èh obhm. Ym
vrmoma ajmma, bhstbhjtuf èob spuhma s-l bau fa dunĊ, pahbjatĊ. Agmsma, jëhg dbbja oma Mffmh sm jlhdruhtĊ ju l prlkfmoĊ sau
afta, sbot juo oĊ juprbhgm ajmf bopufs. Jëhg èob gmsjrbm l sbtuaŪbm gm fa ŜjlafĊ, cur jĊ suht olomhtm jëhg sbot obrlsuf gm
fa jahtbha Ŝjlfbb uhgm ao èhvĊŪat mu.
Bhgbdmrmht jĊ avmo pabsprmzmjm sau jbhjbzmjb-Ŝb-patru gm ahb, aroura Ŝb oĊŜtbfm hlastrm suht uhbjm
Ŝb bhgbvbguafbzatm, fa dmf ja vufhmrakbfbtatma pmrslhafĊ, stëhcmhmafa Ŝb sudmrbhŪa pm jarm èhjmrjĊo sĊ
fm gbobhuĊo. BatĊ gm jm ao gmsjlpmrbt ju surprbhgmrm jĊ tlŪb avmo èh jlouh uh huoĊr rmstrëhs gm
omjahbsom gm apĊrarm. L db aroura jrlbtĊ pm oĊsura dbmjĊruba, gar uhmfm pĊrŪb afm mb suht
bhtmrŜahcakbfm. WrĊnëhg ju ljebuf prbh uŜbfm ‘arourĊrbmb", putmo gmsjlpmrb jëtmva gbhtrm
jlop
jloplhlhmh
mhtmf
tmfmm uh
uhbv
bvmrs
mrsafm
afm afm
afm ajms
ajmstltlrr arou
arourb,
rb, bar,
bar, gajĊ
gajĊ vl
vloo sjlt
sjltlj
ljbb oab
oab èhgma
èhgmapr
prlap
lapm,
m, vlvlo
o
gmsj
gmsjlp
lpmrb
mrb,, gm asmom
asmomhmhma,
a, hbŜt
hbŜtmm aspm
aspmjtm
jtm oab
oab pu
puŪb
Ūbhh uh
uhbv
bvmrs
mrsaf
afm,
m, èhsĊ
èhsĊ agms
agmsmlr
mlrbb pmrb
pmrbjuf
jufla
lasm
sm,, afm
afm
prltmjŪ bmb da ŪĊ gm prlprba vufhmra kbfbtat m.
GajĊ
GajĊ mŜtb
mŜtb fa dmf ja obhm
obhm,, s-ar
s-ar puputm
tmaa sĊ dbb tmhtat,
tmhtat, fa rëhg
rëhguf
uf tĊu,
tĊu, sĊ tm dlfl
dlflsm
smŜt
Ŝtbb gm ajms
ajmstm
tm bhdl
bhdlro
roaŪ
aŪbb
bb,,
pmhtru a-Ūb jrma prlprb uf ‘prln rao mguja tbv". Ym oĊsurĊ jm stugbbfm ob-au sjls fa bvmafĊ ahuobtm
omjahbsom jlouhm gm autlprltmjŪbm, ao èhjmput sĊ
A[O][A ÈOYLW[BTA T]FHM[AKBFBWċūBB

1:1
fm puh pm jatmnlrbb Ŝb sĊ fm mtbjemtmz, aplb sĊ jfasbdbj laomhbb gbh curuf omu èh duhjŪbm gm asmomhma stmrmltbpurb3 ‘Mstm
atët gm jfar jĊ ma dlflsmŜtm l oasjĊ gm jutarm dmf, bar vmjbhuf omu plartĊ jutarm nmh gm arourĊ". ūbhm gm hatura uoahĊ sĊ
vrmo sĊ èopĊrŪbo fuoma èh jatmnlrbb Ŝb sĊ sbopfbdbjĊo fujrurbfm jët oab ouft, gar jrmg jĊ, èh dmfuf ajmsta, pbmrgmo
msmhŪbafuf gbh vmgmrm. Hbomhb hu dlflsmŜtm uh sbhnur omjahbso gm apĊrarm, gbhtrm jmfm lkbŜhubtm. Jmflr oab oufŪb laomhb
fm suht daobfbarm aprlapm tlatm ajmstm omjahbsom, pm jarm fm dlflsmsj èh duhjŪbm gm l jbrjuostahŪĊ sau afta. Wlt jm spmr m
jĊ, gajĊ vlo aruhja l prbvbrm èh bhtmrblruf ‘arourĊrbmb", vlo avma ljazba sĊ hm juhlaŜtmo oab kbhm. Juo hm prltmcĊo
pm hlb èhŜbhm< Jëhg Ŝb juo ao èhjmpu t sĊ dlflsbo ajmstm omjahb som gm apĊra rm< Jm-ar trmkub sĊ dajmo, ja sĊ hm
gmkarasĊo gm arourĊ<
Yrbhjbpbuf ‘mu èhsuob suht gm acuhs"

f'mhtru obhm, partma jma oab boplrtahtĊ a jmrjmtĊrbflr omfm a dlst gmsjlpmrbrma uhlr stratmnbb prbh jarm laomhbb sĊ
glkëhgmasjĊ putmrma hmjmsarĊ, pmhtru a ga cls oĊŜtbfm Ŝb aroura. Ao prmsupus jĊ vlb gmsjlpmrb stratmnbb uhbjm pmhtru
dbmjarm omjahbso gm apĊrarm èh partm, jmva sbobfar jmflr zmjm prbh- b bpbb jĊfĊuzbtlarm gmsprm jarm ao sjrbs èh Garurbfm
bopmrdmjdbuhbb. Gar abjb h-a dlst jazuf.
Bh prbouf japbtlf, sjrbao jĊ, lgatĊ jm nëhgbo gmsprm hlb èhŜbhm jĊ suhtmo ‘gm acuhs", hm lpuhmo jufturbb hmoufŪuobrbb
Ŝb mfmomhtmflr jarm l gmdbhmsj ‗ ruŜbhma, jlopararma ju jmbfafŪb Ŝb gmtaŜarma molŪblhafĊ. Jlhvbhnmrma gm a db ‘gm acuhs"
mstm, parm-sm, omtlga prbh jarm putmo sjĊpa gm arourĊ ‗ ma hm pmrobtm sĊ hm sjlatmo oasja. AjmastĊ jlhvbhnmrm gujm
fa gmzvlftarma smhtbomhtufub prlprbmb vaflrb, fa stakbfbrma uhlr fbobtm
fbobtm Ŝb fa bopfbjarma molŪblhafĊ.
B.bfĊ jëtmva aspmjtm adfatm fa kaza lrbjĊrmb stratmnbb gm mfbkmrarm gm plvara prlprbmb arourb, bhgbjatm gm partbjbpahŪbb fa
stugbb3
1:;
• Mu èhsuob suht gm acuhs (smhtbomhtuf prlprbmb vaflrb, prbh lplzbŪbm ju jmf gm ruŜbhm).
• Gm acuhs! (Ztakbfbrma fbobtmflr prbh lplzbŪbm ju jlopmtbŪba Ŝb jlopararma sljbafĊ.)
• AratĊ-tm, asuoĊ-Ūb rbsjurb, fasĊ-tm vĊzut gm jmbfafŪb (bopfbjarm molŪblhafĊ prbh lplzbŪbm
lplzbŪbm ju
gmtaŜarma molŪblhafĊ).
Jbtbhg gmsprm fujrurbfm aklrgatm èh japbtlfuf gm daŪĊ, jrmg j-ar db gm dlfls sĊ Ŝtbb jĊ dbmjarm pmrslahĊ pm jarm ao
bhtmrvbmvat-l ob-a vlrkbt gmsprm jët gm nrmu mstm sĊ dbb vufhmrakbf. Hu m ja Ŝb juo ao db èhjlhcuraŪb gm laomhb jarm-Ŝb plt
asuoa vufhmrakbfbtat
vufhmrakbfbtatma ma dĊrĊ rmzmrvm, mzbtĊrb
mzbtĊrb sau tmomrb. èh bhtmrvburbfm
bhtmrvburbfm omfm, jëhg a vmhbt vlrka gmsprm bhjmrtbtugb
bhjmrtbtugbhm,
hm,
rbsjurb Ŝb mxpuhmrm molŪblhafĊ, oufŪb gbhtrm jmb bhtmrvbmvaŪb ob-au spus jĊ Ŝb mb purtau jëhgva uh dmf sau aftuf gm arourĊ,
pmhtru ja, è h dbha f, sĊ rmhuhŪm fa ma 3
• ‘Yrboa oma rmajŪbm mstm sĊ , gar asta hu o-a
acutat hbjblgatĊ, aŜa jĊ èh prmzmht afmn sĊ , bar
ajmst fujru ob-a sjebokat vbaŪa."

‘Ahb gm zbfm ao , pëhĊ jëhg, èht r-l zb, a o
èhjmrjat sĊ , bar fmnĊtura ju partmhmruf gm vbaŪĊ
a gmvmhbt oab putmrhbjĊ."
Ahuf trmjut, ao susŪbhut l jlhdmrbhŪĊ gmsprm vufhmrakbfbtatm èh daŪa a :=9 gm omokrb ab trupmflr ZÂW* ‗ ldbŪmrb, ldbŪmrb
gm prlkaŪbuhm Ŝb pazhbjb gm èhjebslrb. (Ga, m gmstuf gm bhtbobgaht sĊ ab asmomhma spmjtatlrb.) ]h ldbŪmr ZÂW o-a
aklrgat
aklrgat gupĊ prmfmnmrm Ŝb a spus3 ‘Zbhnuruf
‘Zbhnuruf oltbv pmhtru jarm v-ao asjuftat mstm jĊ vĊ vbhm fa dmf gm nrmu sĊ vlrkbŪb
gmsjebs gmsprm jmma jm jrmgmŪb sau sboŪbŪb, ja Ŝb hluĊ. Gaj-aŪb susŪbhm jĊ vĊ m uŜlr sĊ dbŪb vufhmrakbfĊ, h-ao jrmgm hbobj
gbh jm hm spuhmŪb."
* BhbŪbafmfm juvbhtmflr Zpmjbaf ^maplhs ahg Wajtbjs (Arom Ŝb Wajtbjb Zpmjbafm), gmhuobrma uhub gmtaŜaomht gm mfbtĊ af YlfbŪbmb, (h. trag.)
A[O][A ÈOYLW[BTA T]FHM[AKBFBWċūBB 1::
Hu gla r jĊ f-ao j rmzut Ŝb mu, fa rë hguf o mu, ga r ao dlst t ltaf gm ajlrg ju mf . Ao èhj rmgmr m èh
stratmnbbfm gmsprm jarm sjrbu abjb gbh gluĊ oltbvm. Oab èhtëb, partbjbpahŪbb fa stugbb, jarm ob fm-au
èopĊrtĊŜbt, s-au jlhdruhtat ju ajmbaŜb spbrbguŜb ab ruŜbhbb, ju ajmmaŜb stëhcmhmafĊ Ŝb hmèhjrmgmrm èh
sbhm, ju jarm hm jlhdruhtĊo ju tlŪbb. èh af glbfma rëhg, ao apfbjat ajmstm stratmnbb èh vbaŪa oma
pmrslha fĊ Ŝb Ŝtbu sbn ur jĊ mfm hu glar j Ċ sj ebokĊ s btuaŪba èh ja rm tm adfb, jb èŪb plt sj eboka jebar Ŝb
vbaŪa.
Jmfm trmb dlrom gm apĊrarm pm jarm fm vlb aklrga èh jlhtbhuarm suht jmma jm mu huomsj ‘arsmhafuf jlouh èopltrbva
vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb", dbbhgjĊ ao gmsjlpmrbt jĊ tlatĊ fuoma fm èhjlrplrmazĊ èh prlprba ‘arourĊ", èhtr-uh dmf sau aftuf. Ajmstma
suht kujurba rĊu-prmvmstbtlarm sau tmaoa paraglxafĊ, jarm hm strbjĊ vmsmfba gm olomht0 pmrdmjŪblhbsouf
pmrdmjŪblhbsouf sau
sau jlhvbhnmrma jĊ,
gajĊ dajb tltuf pmrdmjt, hu vmb sboŪb hbjblgatĊ ruŜbhm0 ahmstmzbmrma admjtbvĊ ‗ lrbjm jloplrtaomht sau jlhvbhnmrm jarm tm
acutĊ sĊ sjapb gm nrmutĊŪb sau gm sudmrbhŪĊ. Gmsjrbmrma dbmjĊrmb dlrom gm apĊrarm mstm uroatĊ gm stratmnbb pmhtru a èhgrĊzhb ju
lrbjm prmŪ ‗ tlatm hmdbbhg aftjmva gmjët varbahtm afm jlhvbhnmrbb jĊ ‘mu èhsuob suht gm acuhs", jarm s-au glvmgbt mdbjbmhtm èh
gmzaroarma jmflr trmb dlrom jlouhm gm apĊrarm pm jarm laomhbb fm dlflsmsj èopltrbva vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb.
Arsmhafuf jlouh èopltrbva vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb.

Yrboa dlroĊ gm apĊrarm3 kujurba rĊu-
prmvmstbtlarm
B )at dbbhg jĊ stugbmz molŪbb ja ruŜbhma, tmaoa Ŝb vufhmrakbfbtatma, hu o-ao aŜtmptat hbjblgatĊ sĊ plt spuhm, èhtr-l kuhĊ zb, jĊ
mxpflrarma uhub jlhstrujt prmjuo kujurba èob va trahs- flroa vbaŪa prldmsblhafĊ Ŝb pm jma pmrslhafĊ. Gar tljoab asta s -a
èhtëopfat. Gm dapt, gupĊ jm ao pmtrmjut oab oufŪb ahb stugbbhg jm èhsmaohĊ sĊ sboŪb kujurbm, ao jlhvbhnmrma ‗ susŪbhutĊ
gm glvmzb ‗ jĊ kujurba mstm jma oab jlopfbjatĊ gbhtrm molŪbb. Gm jm asta< DbbhgjĊ, atuhjb jëhg hm pbmrgmo akbfbtatma
1:7
sau gbsplhbkbfbtatma gm a db vufhmrakbfb, bhtmrprmtĊo kujurba ja dbbhg rĊu-prmvmstbtlarm. LgbhblarĊ, avmao japajbtatma gm a
hm fĊsa èh vlba kujurbmb, ju l pfĊjmrm hmèhtbhatĊ gm hbobj ‗ atëta glar, jĊ hu hb sm oab èhtëopfĊ asta Ŝb hu Ŝtbo gm jm. Hu
suhtmo hbjb oĊjar jlhŜtbmhŪb gm dmhlomh. Řtbo jĊ vbaŪa hb sm parm sĊrajĊ èh kujurbb, jĊ suhtmo dfĊoëhzb gm kujurbm.
èhtr-l jufturĊ a hmoufŪuobrbb ‗ èh jarm hu tm sboŪb hbjblgatĊ èh sbnurahŪĊ, sbnur Ŝb sudbjbmht gm èhjrmzĊtlr èh tbhm èhsuŪb ‗ kujurba
èŪb platm pĊrma uh dmf gm èhsjmharm. Hm trmzbo gbobhmaŪa Ŝb hm nëhgbo3 Fa smrvbjbu tltuf m-h rmnufĊ. Jmb gbh daobfbm suht
sĊhĊtlŜb. Hu s-a èhtëopfat hbobj nrav èh uftboa vrmom. Jasa m tlt èh pbjblarm. Daj splrt Ŝb oĊ sbot kbhm. Mb, grajm! Asta m
haslf. M rĊu, rĊu gm tlt. Yrlkakbf jĊ oĊ paŜtm uh gmzastru.
Lrb suhtmo prlolvaŪb fa smrvbjbu, bar prbouf nëhg jarm hm vbhm mstm3 M prma kbhm sĊ dbm agmvĊrat.
Jarm l db Ŝomjemrba< Zau mŜtb nravbgĊ Ŝb tm nëhgmŜtb3 Dbbja hlastrĊ m dmrbjbtĊ Ŝb sĊhĊtlasĊ, aŜa jĊ
sbnur sm va èhtëopfa jmva rĊu ju ajmst jlpbf. Yur Ŝb sbopfu, Ŝtbu jĊ aŜa sm va èhtëopfa. Zau
AŜtmptĊo èhtltgmauha sĊ pbjm Ŝb jmfĊfaft papuj. Mxprmsba asta gatmazĊ gbh prbobb ahb ab smjlfufub UU, jëhg bobnrahŪbb Ŝb
laomhbb gbh zlhm rurafm fuau ju asaft lraŜmfm, fljubhg jfabm pmstm nrĊoagĊ èh kfljurb ju pmrmŪbb sukŪbrb, uhgm, pur Ŝb
sbopfu, èf putmab auzb pm vmjbhuf gm gmasupra sjlŪëhgu-Ŝb papujbb, smara. LgatĊ jm auzmab znloltuf pm jarm-f dĊjma prbouf
papuj flvbhg plgmau a, ja sĊ plŪb sĊ tm jufjb, aŜtmptab sĊ pbjm Ŝb jmfĊfaft papuj. GmŜb fuoma gm azb m ouft oab sbnurĊ, èh
ouftm prbvbhŪm, gmjët mra èh prboa partm a smjlfufub trmjut, bar spmrahŪa hlastrĊ gm vbaŪĊ, ouft oab oarm gmjët a laomhbflr
jarm aŜtmptau sĊ augĊ Ŝb jmf gm-af glbfma papuj flvbhg plgmaua,
plgmaua, prbvbo fa vbbtlr ju oab puŪbhĊ èhjrmgmrm
èhjrmgmrm gmjët jmb gm
atuhjb. Ymhtru oaclrbtatma gbhtrm hlb, ‘af glbfma papuj" platm fua dlroa uhub mvmhbomht

T]FHM[AKBFBWċūBB 1:=
èhnrlzbtlr3 uh ataj tmrlrbst, uh gmzastru haturaf, l mpbgmobm gm M. jlfb, gajĊ hu juova uh ataj
aroat èhtr-l ŜjlafĊ.
BhbŪ
BhbŪba
baf,
f, jëhg
jëhg b-ao
b-ao èhtr
èhtrmk
mkat
at pm partb
partbjb
jbpah
pahŪb
Ūbbb fa stug
stugbb
bbfm
fm omfm
omfm jm mxpmrmxpmrbmhbmhŪm
Ūm èb dĊjus
dĊjusmrĊ
mrĊ sĊ sm sbot
sbotĊĊ jmb
jmb
oab
oab vu vufh
fhmr
mrakb
akbfb
fb,, hu oĊ aŜtmpaŜtmpta
tao
o sĊ sm hu huom
omrm
rm Ŝb kukujur
jurba
ba prbh
prbhtr
trmm rĊspu
rĊspuhs
hsur
urbf
bfmm flr.
flr. O-aŜt
O-aŜtmp
mpta
tao
o sĊ-
sĊ-
ob vlvlrkrkmas
masjĊ
jĊ gm drbjĊ
drbjĊ Ŝb ruŜb
ruŜbhm,
hm, gar hu Ŝb gm olom olomht
htmf
mfmm dmrb
dmrbjb
jbtm
tm gbhgbh vbaŪ
vbaŪaa flr
flr. Ao dlstdlst ubob
ubobtĊ
tĊ sĊ-b
sĊ-b
aug pm uhbb spuhëhgu-ob jĊ dusmsmrĊ vufhmrakbfb jëhg3
• stĊtmau fa japuf patufub èh jarm glromau jlpbbb flr0
• èŜ
è Ŝb gĊgma u sm aoa gm jët gm ouft èŜb bukm au slŪuf/slŪba0
• èŜb gĊgmau smaoa gm jët gm kbhm fm omrnmau

omrnmau tlatm0
• èŜ
è Ŝb gĊgma u sm aoa gm jët gm ouft èŜb bukm au omsm rbbf m0
• pmtrmjmau tbop èoprmuhĊ ju pĊrbhŪbb flr0
• èŜb vmgmau pĊrbhŪbb Ŝb jlpbbb falfaftĊ0
falfaftĊ0
• sm nëhgmau fa rmfaŪbbfm flr ju bukbtuf/bukbta0
bukbtuf/bukbta0
• sm flnlgbs
flnlgbsmrĊ0
mrĊ0
• jahjmruf
jahjmruf bhtrasm èh rmobsbm0
rmobsbm0
• hĊsjusmrĊ0
hĊsjusmrĊ0
• dusmsmrĊ
dusmsmrĊ prlolvaŪb0
prlolvaŪb0
• mrau dmrbjbŪb0
dmrbjbŪb0
• mrau èhgrĊnlstb
èhgrĊnlstbŪb.
Ūb.
Hu gla r j-a o dlst ŜljatĊ , jëh g ao a uzbt a jmstm rĊspuh surb ‗ ob-ao g at sma oa jĊ mu avm ao
prlkfmo m.
èhabhtma trmzbrbb omfm spbrbtuafm gbh ;99>, kujurba rĊu-prmvmstbtlarm mra uha gbhtrm pĊrŪbfm jarm-ob afjĊtubau Ŝb obm
aroura èopltrbva vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb, gm jarm hu mrao jlhŜtbmhtĊ. Jëhg ob-ao gat smaoa jĊ, pmhtru pmrslahmfm bhtmrvbmvatm
gm obhm, mxbsta l fmnĊturĊ èhtrm vufhmrakbfbtatm Ŝb kujurbm, ao rĊoas prlduhg ubobtĊ. Jrmgmao jĊ lksmsba jĊ Ūb s-ar putma
èhtëopfa l hmhlrljbrm mra uhuf gbhtrm smjrmtmfm omfm ‗ hbobj aftjmva. Erao jlhvbhsĊ jĊ huoab mu stĊtmao fa japĊtuf
patufub jlpbbfl r, èh t bop jm mb gl romau, Ŝb, j ebar èh jfbpa èh ja rm oĊ ubtao
1:4
ju bukbrm Ŝb aglraŪbm fa mb, èob boanbhao jĊ prmjbs avma sĊ fb sm èhtëopfm jmva nrlazhbj. Mrao jlhvbhsĊ jĊ hbomhb
aftjbhmva gmjët obhm hu-Ŝb èhjebpuba ajjbgmhtm gm oaŜbhĊ Ŝb hu rmpmta èh obhtm gbsjuŪba èh jarm jbhmva gm fa YlfbŪbm oĊ
èhŜtbbhŪa jĊ sm-htëopfasm jmva nrlazhbj.
]ha gbhtrm prbomfm astdmf gm plvmŜtb, pm jarm fm-ao asjuftat, a dlst a uhmb dmomb jarm sm aprlpba gm vërsta gm jbhjbzmjb gm
ahb3 ‘èob dĊjusmo uh lkbjmb sĊ bau dbmjarm olomht druols Ŝb sĊ-f trahsdlro, èh boanbhaŪba oma, èh jmf oab rĊu gmzastru',
ob-a mxpfbjat ma. ‘èob boanbhao tlt jm sm putma èhtëopfa oab rĊu èhtr-l ahuobtĊ sbtuaŪbm, ja sĊ hu dbu surprbhsĊ gm hbobj.
Atuhjb jëhg dbbja oma a dlst agobsĊ fa dajuftatma pm jarm Ŝb-l glrbsm dlartm ouft, mrao jlhvbhsĊ jĊ avma sĊ b sm èhtëopfm
jmva rĊu, gajĊ sm outa prma gmpartm gm jasĊ. WlatĊ vara ao èhjmrjat s-l jlhvbhn sĊ omarnĊ, èh tlaohĊ, fa l dajuftatm gbh
zlhĊ. Asta b-a admjtat èhjrmgmrma èh sbhm Ŝb a dĊjut ja, èh uftboa hlastrĊ varĊ pmtrmjutĊ èoprmuhĊ, sĊ hu avmo partm gm prma
ouftm olomhtm vmsmfm. A dlst l fmjŪbm gurmrlasĊ. Ajuoa Ūbh gmnmtmfm èhjrujbŜatm, ja sĊ ao hlrlj, èhjmrj sĊ dbu
rmjuhlsjĊtlarm pmhtru olomhtmfm kuhm, oĊ rln fa Guohmzmu Ŝb daj tlt jm plt, ja sĊ-ob sjlt gbh jap bgmbfm prĊpĊstblasm.
Gbh pĊjatm, dbbja oma a olŜtmhbt dmfuf omu gm a nëhgb. èb m gbh jm èh jm oab drbjĊ sĊ èhjmrjm fujrurb hlb, oab afms atuhjb
jëhg l gujm kbhm. èob spuhm jĊ hu vrma sĊ-Ŝb dlrŪmzm hlrljuf."
]h kĊrkat gm Ŝabzmjb-Ŝb-jmva gm ahb ob-a spus3 ‘Oab gmouft, oĊ nëhgmao jĊ olguf jmf oab kuh gm a trmjm prbh vbaŪĊ mstm
sĊ tm aŜtmpŪb fa jm m oab rĊu. èh dmfuf Ċsta, gajĊ sm èhtëopfĊ, mŜtb prmnĊtbt, bar gajĊ hu sm èhtëopfĊ, mŜtb pfĊjut surprbhs.
Aplb, ao dlst bopfbjat èhtr-uh ajjbgmht gm oaŜbhĊ, èh jarm slŪba ob-a ourbt. Mvbgmht, daptuf jĊ oĊ aŜtmptao fa jm mra oab
rĊu hu oĊ prmnĊtbsm gmflj
pmhtru jm s- a èhtë opfat. Oab ouft , èhjĊ rmnrm t tlatm ajmfm olomhtm druola sm pm jarm fm-ao trĊbt
èoprmuhĊ ju ma Ŝb gm jarm h-ao putut sĊ oĊ kujur ju agmvĊrat.

1:>
GupĊ olartma slŪbmb, ob-ao prlobs sĊ oĊ kujur ju agmvĊrat gm dbmjarm jfbpĊ, gm atuhjb èhjlfl. èob parm atët gm rĊu jĊ hu
oab mstm afĊturb gm obhm ajuo, jëhg Ŝtbu juo sĊ daj asta."
Ajmstm plvmŜtb aratĊ jĊ kujurba rĊu-prmvmstbtlarm, ja omtlgĊ gm a obhbobza vufhmrakbfbtatma, m oab kbhm èhŪmfmasĊ ja partm
a uhub jlhtbhuu jarm sm èhtbhgm gm fa boanbharma uhmb tranmgbb fa
fa gmzaoĊnbrma
gmzaoĊnbrma pmroahmhtĊ. ]hbb gbhtrm hlb ‗ prmjuo dmomba
gbh prboa bstlrbsbrm ‗, jëhg kujurba aomhbhŪĊ sĊ-b dajĊ vufhmrakbfb, sm nrĊkmsj sĊ-Ŝb boanbhmzm jmfm oab lrbkbfm sjmharbb.
AfŪbb hu sbot hbjb oĊjar uh strlp gm kujurbm, èhtrujët prmdmrĊ sĊ trĊbasjĊ èhtr-l starm gm pmroahmhtĊ gmzaoĊnbrm. Jmb jm
suht pmroahmht gmzaoĊnbŪb èŜb gmsjrbu sbtuaŪba èh dmfuf uroĊtlr3 ‘M oab uŜlr sĊ trĊbmŜtb, nëhgbhgu-tm jĊ vmb db gmzaoĊnbt,
lrbjm ab dajm, gmjët sĊ dbb gmzaoĊnbt ju agmvĊrat. Wm sboŪb oab vufhmrakbf, atuhjb jëhg ab partm gm jëtm l gmzaoĊnbrm, gmjët
atuhjb jëhg eltĊrĊŜtb jĊ mŜtb gmzaoĊnbt, lrbjm s-ar èhtëopfa. Zajrbdbjb lrbjm kujurbm, gar ab partm gm oab puŪbhĊ sudmrbhŪĊ."
Jmfm gluĊ mxtrmom afm jlhtbhuufub spuh ajmfaŜb fujru3 pmhtru a tm putma kujura gm olomhtmfm dmrbjbtm pm jarm Ūb fm agujm
vbaŪa, m hmvlbm sĊ dbb vufhmrakbf. GajĊ ab stat vrmlgatĊ ‗ fa dmf ja obhm ‗ fa japuf patufub jlpbbflr tĊb, sboŪbhgu-tm
jlpfmŜbt gm bukbrm, pmhtru ja, èh ajmfaŜb olomht, obhtma sĊ-Ūb dbm fuatĊ ju asaft gm boanbhb nrlazhbjm a jmma jm fb s-ar putma
èhtëopfa, sĊ Ŝtbb jĊ hu mŜtb hmkuhĊ Ŝb hu mŜtb hbjb sbhnura (sau sbhnuruf) jĊrmba b sm èhtëopfĊ asta. Aprlxboatbv 59% gbhtrm
pĊrbhŪb b pm jarm b-ao b htmrvbm vat au rmjuhl sjut jĊ fb sm èht ëopfasm Ŝb flr. Aj mfaŜb prljm ht mst m vaf akbf Ŝb pmhtru obbfm g m
pĊrbhŪb ju ja rm a o gbsjut at Ŝb fujrat gm-a fuhnuf ahbflr. Gm jm< Jm èhsm aohĊ a jmst fujru Ŝb gm jm da jmo a sta<
GupĊ jm èhŪmfmnmo fmnĊtura gbhtrm kujurbm Ŝb vufhmrakbfbtatm, rĊspuhsuf vbhm aprlapm gm fa sbhm3
dajmo asta, pmhtru jĊ vrmo sĊ hm suprboĊo tltaf prlprba vufhmrakbfbtatm. Hu vrmo sĊ dbo
hmprmnĊtbŪb èh daŪa sudmrbhŪmb. Hu vrmo sĊ dbo prbhŜb ju narga
1:5
cls, g m ajm ma hm tlt boa nbhĊo j uo m sĊ dbo pustbbŪb gm gur mrm s au hu rmhuhŪĊ o fa s mhtbomh tuf au tl- bop us af gmzaoĊ nbrbb.
Ajmba gbhtrm hlb jarm-Ŝb èhjebpubm juo m sĊ dbb flvbt gm slartĊ, jebar atuhjb jëhg mŜtb jlpfmŜbt gm kujurbm, au oltbvm ahuom
sĊ dajĊ asta. Atuhjb jëhg hm gujmo vbaŪa (ju kuhĊ-ŜtbbhŪĊ sau hu) fuptëhg ju prlprba vufhmrakbfbtatm, hu oab avmo
gbsplhbkbfbtatma omhtafĊ hmjmsarĊ pmhtru smhtbomhtuf gm hmsbnurahŪĊ, pmhtru rbsjuf Ŝb mxpuhmrma molŪblhafĊ pm jarm fm
agujm kujurba. Ymhtru oufŪb gbhtrm hlb, kujurba sm èhslŪmŜtm gm l rmajŪbm dbzblflnbjĊ ‗ smhzaŪba jĊ-Ūb bmŜb gbh prlprba pbmfm.
Hm gl rbo bht mhs oa b ouftĊ kujurbm , gar, tltlgat Ċ, hu putmo su plrta vufhmra kbfbtat ma.
Bar juftura èh jarm trĊbo hm afbomhtmazĊ tmhgbhŪa gm a hm boanbha tlt jm m oab rĊu. Dbmjarm gbhtrm hlb arm fa gbsplzbŪbm
uh stlj gm boanbhb èhnrlzbtlarm,
èhnrlzbtlarm, gbh jarm afmnmo, atuhjb jëhg hm fuptĊo fuptĊo ju prlprba
prlprba vufhmrakbfb
vufhmrakbfbtatm.
tatm. Agmsma,
Agmsma, fm jmr
pmrsla hmflr gbh pukfbj sĊ rbgbjm oëha, gajĊ au vĊzut l boanbhm Ŝljaht gm vblfmht Ċ èh uftboa sĊptĊo ëhĊ. Aprlxb oatbv
;9% gbhtrm spmjtatlrb rbgbjĊ oëha gm lkbjmb. Aplb, fm rmdlroufmz èhtrmkarma3 ‘[bgbjaŪb oëha, gajĊ v-aŪb ubtat fa Ŝtbrb, fa
Gmsjlpmrbtlrbb gm lasm lrb fa aft prlnrao WT ju jrbom". Fa èhtrmkarma ajmasta, 29% gbhtrm mb
JZB, HJBZ, Fmnm Ŝb lrgbhm, Gmsjlpmrbtlrbb
èob rĊspuhg adbroatbv. Obhtma hlastrĊ sm erĊhmŜtm ju boanbhb gbh jarm, oab aplb, va jlhstrub sjmharbbfm vblfmhtm afm
kujurbm b rĊu -prmvm stbtlar m.
Zuhtmo pmrslahm vbzuafm. Avmo èhjrmgmrm èh jmma jm vmgmo, jlhsuoĊo Ŝb stljĊo èh obhtma
hlastrĊ boanbhb. èob aobhtmsj gm l èhtëopfarm pmtrmjutĊ rmjmht, jëhg ao dlst, tlatĊ daobfba, ju
oaŜbha fa Zah Ahtlhbl, ja sĊ hm pmtrmjmo ajlfl sdërŜbtuf gm sĊptĊoëhĊ. Jearfbm hm spuhma
uftbomfm nfuom èhvĊŪatm fa nrĊgbhbŪĊ, fa jarm bzkujhmao ju tlŪbb èh rës ‗ pëhĊ Ŝb surblara fub oab
oarm. èh jfbpa èh jarm o-ao fĊsat juprbhsĊ gm kujurbm, ob s-a bvbt Ŝb èhslŪbtlarma mb hmlklsbtĊ,
vufhmrakbfbtatma. O-ao jutrmourat, aobhtbhgu-ob gm uha gbhtrm boanbhbfm vĊzutm fa

1:2
Ŝtbrb ‗ uh Z]T rĊsturhat pm Bhtmrstatafa 19, ju gluĊ sjauhm nlafm fëhnĊ mf. [ësuf s-a trahsdlroat èh pahbjĊ, Ŝb Ūbh obhtm jĊ
b-ao spus bomgbat fub Ztmvm sĊ èhjmtbhmasjĊ. Z-a ubtat fa obhm ju l dbnurĊ pmrpfmxĊ Ŝb ob-a spus3 ‘Wu hu vmzb j-ao lprbt<"
èhgrĊz
èhg rĊzhm
hmŜtm
Ŝtm ju lrbjm
lrb jm prmŪ3
prmŪ 3
mxprboĊ-Ūb rmjuhlŜtbhŪa
Hbjb oĊ jar a jmba gbhtrm hlb j arm a u èhvĊ Ūat sĊ ajjmp tm kuj urba Ŝb sĊ- Ŝb as uom prl prbbfm trĊbrb hu suht Ju tltuf bouhb fa
ajjmsmfm vblfmhtm gm vufhmrakbfbtatm, jarm agmsma èhslŪmsj olomhtmfm dmrbjbtm. Ao èhvĊŪat, gm jurëhg, sĊ hm raplrtĊo fa
stĊrbfm ajmstma ja fa uh omomhtl, hu ja fa uh dlj gm avmrtbzarm. Jmf oab surprbhzĊtlr fujru, pmhtru obhm ‗ Ŝb jarm ob-a
sjebokat vbaŪa ‗ a dlst sĊ adfu jarm mstm hatura ajmstub omomhtl. Jët gmsprm jmb jarm ajjmptĊ kujurba, dblruf gm
vufhmrakbfbtatm jarm l èhslŪmŜtm fm agujm aobhtm jĊ trmkubm sĊ-Ŝb mxprbom rmjuhlŜtbhŪa ‗ pmhtru jmb gbh curuf flr, pmhtru
fmnĊtura prlduhgĊ ju ajmŜtba, pmhtru fujrurbfm druolasm lrb, pur Ŝb sbopfu, pmhtru olomhtuf prmzmht.
[mjuhlŜtbhŪa, gmjb, mstm ahtbgltuf kujurbmb rĊu-prmvmstbtlarm0 batĊ uha gbhtrm jlhjfuzbbfm jmrjmtĊrbflr omfm. Dbmjarm
pmrslah Ċ bhtm rvbmva tĊ gm obhm, jarm ob-a mxpfbja t jm èhsmaoh Ċ jap ajbtat ma gm a tm kujura , ob-a vlrkbt gmsprm jët g m
boplrtaht mstm sĊ-Ūb mxprbob rmjuhlŜtbhŪa. AjmastĊ jlrmfaŪbm a apĊrut atët gm drmjvmht èh gatmfm gbh stugbbfm omfm, èhjët ob-
ao stakbfbt rmnufa sĊ hu vlrkmsj hbjblgatĊ gmsprm kujurbm, dĊrĊ sĊ aobhtmsj Ŝb gm rmjuhlŜtbhŪĊ.
O-a surprbhs hu huoab rmfaŪba gbhtrm kujurbm Ŝb rmjuhlŜtbhŪĊ. Ao jlhstatat ubobtĊ jĊ partbjbpahŪbb
fa stugbbfm omfm gmsjrbau bhvarbakbf kujurba Ŝb rmjuhlŜtbhŪa ja prajtbjb spbrbtuafm strëhs fmnatm gm
jrmgbhŪa èh boplrtahŪa fmnĊturbflr gbhtrm laomhb, pm gm-l partm, Ŝb èhtr-l putmrm supmrblarĊ, pm gm
aftĊ partm.
179
Bstlrbsbrbfm Ŝb gmsjrbmrbfm flr aprlduhgau ajmastĊ bgmm, arĊtëhg jĊ mxbstĊ l gbdmrmhŪĊ jfarĊ èhtrm dmrbjbrm Ŝb kujurbm.
YartbjbpahŪbb gmsjrbau dmrbjbrma ja pm l molŪbm jarm gmpbhgm gm jbrjuostahŪm, bar kujurba, ja pm l olgafbtatm spbrbtuafĊ gm a
èhŪmfmnm fuoma, adfatĊ èh strëhsĊ fmnĊturĊ ju mxprboarma rmjuhlŜtbhŪmb. GmŜb ao prbvbt bhbŪbaf ju hmèhjrmgmrm jlrmfaŪba gbhtrm
kujurbm Ŝb vufh mrakbf btatm, ajmas tĊ bgm m ob sm par m aj uo dla rtm p rlduhg Ċ Ŝb è hŪmfmn prma kbhm gm jm rmjuhl ŜtbhŪa mstm u h
ahtbglt af kujurbmb rĊu-prmvmstbtlarm.
Juftura hmoufŪuobrbb gm azb Ŝb drbja stau fa lrbnbhma kujurbmb rĊu-prmvmstbtlarm. Hm m tmaoĊ jĊ smhtbomhtuf gm kujurbm hu
va gura, sau jĊ hu vlo avma partm gm kujurbm sudbjbmht, sau jĊ trmjmrma fa gmzaoĊnbrm (sau fa vrmuh aft smhtbomht sbobfar)
va db prma gbdbjbfĊ. Hm-ao gmprbhs sĊ jrmgmo jĊ, èh jmf oab kuh jaz, a tm kujura èhsmaohĊ sĊ tm mxpub gmzaoĊnbrbflr sau
jebar uhub gmzastru, èh jmf oab rĊu jaz. Hu èh uftbouf rëhg, hm jlhdruhtĊo jlhstaht ju prlkfmoa jrmgbhŪmb èh prlprba
vaflarm. OmrbtĊo sĊ hm kujurĊo, Ūbhëhg jlht gm tlatm fbpsurbfm Ŝb bopmrdmjŪbuhbfm hlastrm< Avmo grmptuf fa kujurbm, èhtr-l
fuom èh jarm atëŪba jlpbb olr gm dlaom Ŝb èh jarm sm èhtëopfĊ atëtma rĊzklabm<
GajĊ lpusuf jufturbb hmoufŪuobrbb mstm smhtbomhtuf gm a db ‘gm acuhs", atuhjb prajtbjarma rmjuhlŜtbhŪmb mstm uh olg gm a
arĊta jĊ suhtmo oufŪuobŪb gm vbaŪa hlastrĊ Ŝb gm hlb èhŜbhm. ]tbfbzmz juvëhtuf prajtbjĊ, pmhtru jĊ partbjbpahŪbb fa stugbb ob-
au vlrkbt gmsprm hbŜtm prajtbjb jlhjrmtm gm mxprboarm a rmjuhlŜtbhŪmb, hu glar gmsprm atbtugbhma sau smhtbomhtuf gm
rmjuhlŜtbhŪĊ. Oab prmjbs, ob-au gat mxmopfm spmjbdbjm gm prajtbjarm a rmjuhlŜtbhŪmb, gm fa hltarma èhtr-uh curhaf sau pm
kbfmŪmf m (Ūbh utm èh tr-uh klrjah ) a fujrur bflr pm htru j arm s uht rm juhlsj Ċtlrb, pëhĊ fa bhstbtub rma u hlr rb tuafur b daob fbafm.
Gm dapt, ao avut jmf oab ouft gm èhvĊŪat pm tmoa prajtbjbflr gm rmjuhlŜtbhŪĊ, a rmfaŪbmb gbhtrm
juftura hmoufŪuobrbb, kujurbm

171
Ŝb vufhmrakbfbtatm, tljoab gm fa kĊrkaŪb Ŝb dmomb jarm trmjusmrĊ prbh sudmrbhŪm gbhtrm jmfm oab oarb
sau jarm supravbmŪubsmrĊ uhlr trauom dlartm gurmrlasm. Yrbhtrm mb, sm huoĊrau pĊrbhŪb jarm
pbmrgus mrĊ u h jlpb f, la omhb j arm a vusmsm rĊ uh omokru af da obfbmb klfhav èh sta rm tm robhafĊ lrb
supravbmŪubsmrĊ uhlr trauom sau vrmuhub nmhljbg.
L èhtrmkarm jarm-ob mstm agrmsatĊ dlartm drmjvmht mstm3 ‘Hu tm gmprboĊ sĊ gbsjuŪb gmsprm vufhmrakbfbtatm Ŝb sĊ-b asjufŪb pm
afŪbb plvmstbhgu-Ūb gmsprm prlkfmomfm flr jmfm oab gbdbjbfm<" [Ċspuhsuf omu3 Hu, hbjblgatĊ. Asta, pmhtru j-ao adfat oab
ouftm fujrurb gmsprm smhtbomhtuf prlprbmb vaflrb, rmzbfbmhŪĊ Ŝb kujurbm gm fa ajmfm pmrslahm jarm au avut juracuf sĊ-ob
èopĊrtĊŜmasjĊ prlkfmomfm flr, gmjët gbh lrbjarm gbhtrm jmrjmtĊrbfm omfm.
Bar jmf oab druols gar pm jarm f-ao prbobt gm fa laomhbb jarm au gmpĊŜbt l pmrblagĊ èhtuhmjatĊ gbh
vbaŪa flr, suht jmfm trmb fmjŪbb gmsprm kujurba gm a trĊb3
1. Kujurba sm adfĊ èh olomhtmfm jmfm oab lkbŜhubtm
lkbŜhubtm afm vbmŪbb. [bsjĊo sĊ h-l trĊbo, atuhjb jëhg
afmrnĊo gupĊ fujrurbfm bmŜbtm gbh jlouh. Juftura hmoufŪuobrbb hm bhgujm tmaoa jĊ trĊbo l vbaŪĊ lkbŜhubtĊ, kahafĊ0 èh
sjebok,
sjebok, atuhjb jëhg vlrkmŜtb ju jbhmva jarm a sudmrbt l oarm pbmrgmrm,
pbmrgmrm, rmafbzmzb jĊ fujrurbfm
fujrurbfm jmfm oab gm prmŪ suht
aftmfm. DĊrĊ mxjmpŪbm, tlŪb partbjbpahŪbb fa stugbbfm omfm, jmb jarm ob-au vlrkbt gmsprm pbmrgmrbfm sudmrbtm, ob-au spus jĊ
jmma jm fm fbpsma jmf oab ouft mrau olomhtmfm lkbŜhubtm afm vbmŪbb3 ‘Ob-m glr sĊ oĊ guj èh jaomra gm afĊturb Ŝb sĊ-f
vĊg pm slŪuf omu fa oasĊ, jbtbhg zbaruf Ŝb èhcurëhgu-b pm plfbtbjbmhb..."0 ‘Ob-m glr sĊ-f aug pm kĊbmŪmfuf omu rëzëhg, èh
tbop jm sm clajĊ èh jurtm"0 ‘Oaoa èob trbobtma jmfm oab trĊshbtm sos-urb ‗ h-a rmuŜbt hbjblgatĊ sĊ èhvmŪm sĊ dlflsmasjĊ
tmfmdlhuf olkbf juo trmkubm. AŜ ga lrbjm sĊ oab prbomsj astdmf gm omsacm gm fa ma."
17;
;. Dbb rmjuhlsjĊtlr pmhtru jmma jm ab. Jëhg b-ao èhtrmkat pm supravbmŪubtlrbb uhlr tranmgbb juo ao
putma sĊ f m ldm rbo jmflr jm s udmrĊ oab o uftĊ jlopasb uhm, rĊspuh suf f lr a dlst omrmu ajmfa Ŝb3 h u m jazuf ja t u sĊ hu tm
kujurb gm kujurba jlpbfufu b t Ċu, huoab pmhtr u j Ċ mu f-ao pbmrgu t pm-af omu. Hu jlhsbgm ra gm fa sbhm èhŪmfm s j Ċ Ūb sm
juvbhm tlt jm ab ‗ dbb kujurls Ŝb rmjuhlsjĊtlr pmhtru jmma jm Ūb-a ldmrbt vbaŪa. Hu-Ūb jmrm sjuzm pmhtru jm ab. Dbb
rmjuhlsjĊtlr Ŝb hu tm dmrb sĊ fm arĊŪb jmflrfafŪb ajmst fujru. YĊrbhŪbb tĊb suht sĊhĊtlŜb< NëhgmŜtm-tm fa asta ubobt. AratĊ-fm
jët gm ouft èhsmaohĊ pmhtru tbhm. Atuhjb jëhg prmŪubmŜtb jmma jm ab, prmŪubmŜtb, èh ajmfaŜb tbop, jmma jm ab pbmrgut.
:. Hu-Ūb saklta
saklta olomhtmfm gm gm kujurbm. HbjblgatĊ hu vlo dè ju agmvĊrat prmnĊtbŪb pmhtru a pbmrgm
pm j bhmva gran hluĊ. AŜa è hjët, hu tr ahsdlr oa d bmjar m lj azbm gm a sboŪb kujurb m èht r-l r mpmtbŪb m p mhtru l ja tastrl da ‗
gm dapt, èh ajmst dmf hm gbobhuĊo rmzbfbmhŪa fa sudmrbhŪĊ. Mstm agmvĊrat, kujurba tm platm dajm sĊ sboŪb hmfbhbŜtm, drbjĊ
sau vufhmrakbfbtatm. Gar, gm dbmjarm gatĊ jëhg hm pmrobtmo sĊ hm kujurĊo gbh pfbh gm jmva, hm gmzvlftĊo rmzbfbmhŪa Ŝb
juftbvĊo spmrahŪa. Kujurba gmvbhm partm gbh hlb èhŜbhm, bar jëhg hb sm èhtëopfĊ jmva rĊu ‗ Ŝb asta m bhmvbtakbf ‗, vlo
db oab putmrhbjb.
Ob-au trmkubt jëŪbva ahb ja sĊ èhŪmfmn Ŝb sĊ bhtmrblrbzmz ajmastĊ bhdlroaŪbm, aplb sĊ èhjmp sĊ prajtbj rmjuhlŜtbhŪa. Mffmh, pm
gm aftĊ partm, a èhŪmfms bhtubtbv jët gm boplrtaht mstm sĊ dbb rmjuhlsjĊtlr Ŝb sĊ ajjmpŪb pm gm-a èhtrmnuf olomhtmfm gm kujurbm.
Jëhg mra èh jfasa èhtëb, èhtr-l gupĊ-oasĊ, ao jebufbt aoëhgluĊ Ŝb ao omrs èh parj. Fa uh olomht gat, mrao pm
ebgrlkbjbjfmtĊ, erĊhbhg raŪmfm ju pëbhma usjatĊ pm jarm l fuasmrĊo gm ajasĊ, jëhg ob-ao gat smaoa jĊ ma sm lprbsm gbh
pmgafat Ŝb stĊt ma hmo bŜjatĊ . Avma lje bb èhj ebŜb, japuf èhjfbha t uŜlr sprm spatm Ŝb oëb hbfm è hdĊŜur atm è h curuf sĊjufm Ūufub j u
pëbhm. DaŪa èb mr a sjĊ fgatĊ èh fuobh a sla rmfub Ŝb zëo kma t bobg. Ao dlst, pur Ŝb sbopfu, bzkbtĊ gm dr uousmŪm a Ŝb
vufhmrakbfbtatma mb.

T]FHM[AKBFBWċūBB 17:
O-ao ubtat Ba ma uh obhut èhtrmn, èhsĊ, atuhjb jëhg ao vĊzut jĊ hu sm obŜja gmflj, o-ao hmfbhbŜtbt3
‗ Mffbm< Wm sboŪb kbhm, bukbtl<
A zëokbt Ŝb oab tarm, aplb a gmsjebs ljebb. Z-a ubtat fa obhm Ŝb ob-a spus3
‗ OĊ sbot dlartm kbhm, oaoĊ. DĊjma o l d ltlnra dbm èh obhtm.
H-l oab auzbsm o vlrkb hg gm ‘dltlnr adbb èh obhtm ", ga r ob-a pfĊju t juo suha.
‗ Řb jm èhsmaoh Ċ ast a<
‗ L d ltlnrad bm è h obh tm< Mstm l plz Ċ pm jarm l daj èh obh tm, atuhjb jëhg suht dlartm , dl artm dmrbjb tĊ. èhjebg ljebb Ŝb da j l
plzĊ, ja sĊ plt, jëhg l sĊ db u spmrb atĊ sa u sbhn urĊ, sĊ oĊ ubt fa dltlnr adbbfm gbh obh tma om a Ŝb sĊ-ob t rmajĊ .
Hu suht fa dm f gm mfljvm htĊ Ŝb smhbhĊ ja db bja om a gm Ŝasm ahb, gar m xmrsmz . Ymh tru obh m, m xprboar ma r mjuhlŜt bhŪmb m gmpa rtm
gm a db jmva splhtah sau uŜlr. èhjĊ suht jlpfmŜbtĊ gm vufhmrakbfbtatm uhmlrb, èh olomhtmfm gm kujurbm. Glar j-ao èhvĊŪat sĊ
spuh ju vljm tarm3 ‘OĊ sbot vufhmrakbfĊ Ŝb suht atët gm rmjuhlsjĊtlarm pmhtru..."
Jm-b grmpt, m dlartm jbugat sĊ spub aŜa jmva èh obcfljuf uhmb jlhvmrsaŪbb, gar m ouft oab kbhm gmjët
sĊ-Ūb boanbhmzb tlt jm plamt db oab rĊu Ŝb sĊ gmvbb lksmgat sĊ jlhtrlfmzb sbtuaŪba. Gm jurëhg, Ztmvm
ob-a spus jĊ avma gm nëhg sĊ-b gujĊ pm jlpbb fa dmroa pĊrbhŪbflr sĊb gbh Ymhhsyfvahba, jëtĊ vrmom
mu mrao pfmjatĊ gbh lraŜ ju trmkurb. Ym olomht, ob s-a pĊrut l bgmm kuhĊ, èhsĊ bomgbat ao èhjmput
sĊ dbu pltlpbtĊ gm nëhgurb prmjuo3 ‘Glaohm, gar hu sm platm sĊ-b fas sĊ zklarm ju avblhuf BarĊ
obhm0 gajĊ sm èhtëopfĊ jmva<" èh flj sĊ prlvlj l jmartĊ, sĊ jrbtbj sau sĊ bhvmhtmz uh oltbv pmhtru
a hu db gm ajlrg, dĊrĊ sĊ-ob gmzvĊfub tmomrbfm hmèhtmombatm (juo ar db, gm mxmopfu3 ‘Hu-b kuhĊ
bgmma, prmŪurbfm kbfmtmflr gm avblh suht prma oarb"0 sau3 ‘Mnlbst jm mŜtb! Trmau sĊ omrn Ŝb mu"), ao
spus glar atët3
E
177
‘Zuht vufhmrakbfĊ. Zuht rmjuhlsjĊtlarm pmhtru jutarm fujru Ŝb m dlartm kbhm jĊ, èh dmfuf ajmsta,
jlpbbb èŜb vlr pmtrmjm tbopuf ju tbhm Ŝb vlr avma ljazba sĊ vagĊ Ŝb mb juo m vbaŪa fa ŪarĊ."
Ztmvm a zëokbt. M fa jurmht ju ‘mxmrjbŪbbfm" omfm gm rmjuhlŜtbhŪĊ Ŝb a Ŝtbut jĊ mrao sbhjmrĊ èh jmma jm-b spusmsmo. èhabhtm,
jëhg hu oĊ dlflsmao gm fujrurbfm adfatm èh jmrjmtĊrbfm omfm, pmhtru a jlhtrajara mdmjtmfm kujurbmb rĊu-prmvmstbtlarm, hu
Ŝtbao juo sĊ trmj pmstm olomhtmfm gm vufhmrakbfbtatm sukbtĊ. Hu Ŝtbao gmstuf, pmhtru a rmuŜb sĊ hu oĊ oab nëhgmsj fa fujruf
gm jarm obmra tmaoĊ, ja sĊ oĊ nëhgmsj aplb fa jm sboŪmao èh rmafbtatm, bar gupĊ, fa jmma jm-ob glrmao ju agmvĊrat3 kujurbm
pfbhĊ gm rmj uhlŜtbhŪ Ċ.
A glua dlroĊ gm apĊrarm3 pmrdmjŪblhbsouf

]ha gbhtrm smjŪbuhbfm prmdmratm afm kflnufub omu suht Bhtmrvburbfm oltbvaŪblhafm (Bhspbratblh Bhtmrvbmws). Ymhtru obhm, mstm
boplrtahtĊ, dbbhgjĊ pukfbj bhtmrvburb fuatm huoab ajmflr pmrslahm, gmsprm jarm jrmg jĊ au putmrma sĊ hm bhspbrm ‗ laomhb
jarm au afms sĊ trĊbasjĊ èhtr-uh olg jarm oĊ bhspbrĊ sĊ dbu oab jrmatlarm Ŝb jmva oab juraclasĊ èh ajtbvbtatma oma.
èhtltgmauha fm puhmao ajmfaŜb smt gm èhtrmkĊrb jmflr bhtmrvbmvaŪb, gar, gupĊ jm ao avut fa èhgmoëhĊ jlhjfuzbbfm jmrjmtĊrbb
gmsprm ‘jm èhsmaohĊ a trĊb gbh pfbh", ao agĊunat èhtrmkĊrb fmnatm gm vufhmrakbfbtatm Ŝb pmrdmjŪblhbso. Dbbhg mu èhsĊob l
pmrdmj Ūbl- hbstĊ èh jur s gm vbhgmja rm, suht om rmu j urblas Ċ, oab èhtëb, sĊ jb tmsj rĊspuhs urbfm jmflr bhtmrvb mvaŪb fa èht rmkar ma3
‘Mstm pmrdmjŪblhbsouf l prlkfmoĊ ju jarm vĊ jlhdruhtaŪb< èh jaz jĊ ga, huobŪb l stratmnbm prbh jarm-f jlhtrlfaŪb."
Yuh ajmastĊ èhtrmkarm, dbbhgjĊ hbjĊbmrb, èh jmrjmtĊrbfm pm jarm fm-ao dĊjut, h-ao auzbt ja l
pmrslah Ċ sĊ mxpfbjm jĊ m dmrbj btĊ, arm s ujjms sau tr ĊbmŜtm gbh pfb h, ga tlrbtĊ daptuf ub jĊ m pmr dmjtĊ .
Oab prmjbs, ao auzbt gm hmhuoĊratm lrb, gm-a fuhnuf ahbflr,

17=
uroĊtlruf omsac, jarm hu fasĊ flj gm bhtmrprmtĊrb3 ‘Jmfm oab boplrtahtm Ŝb oab vaflrlasm fujrurb
gbh vbaŪĊ ob s-au èhtëopfat jëhg ob-ao juftbvat juracuf gm a db vufhmrakbf, bopmrdmjt Ŝb gm a oĊ
ajjmpta pm obhm èhsuob aŜa juo suht". YmrdmjŪbl- hbsouf hu m jafma jarm hm gujm fa rmafbzarma
prlprbbf lr tafm htm Ŝb fa gms jlpmr brma u hub rl st èh v baŪĊ0 mstm l jafm bhgbrm jtĊ, pfbhĊ gm rbs jurb. Trmau
sĊ èopĊrtĊŜmsj, èh jlhtbhuarm, jëtmva gbhtrm rĊspuhsurbfm omfm prmdmratm, pm jarm fm-ao prbobt fa
èhtrmkarma gmsprm pmrdmjŪblhbso.
Gar oab èhtëb vrmau sĊ omhŪblhmz gmdbhbŪba pmrdmjŪblhbsoufub,

pmrdmjŪblhbsoufub, fa jarm ao acuhs èh uroa jmrjmtĊrbflr omfm. BatĊ jm ao adfat3 fa
dmf ja vufhmrakbfbtatma, pmrdmjŪblhbsouf s-a èhjlhcurat gm l agmvĊratĊ obtlflnbm. Jrmg j-ar db utbf sĊ èhjmp prbh a arĊta jm hu
mstm pmrdmjŪblhbsouf3
• YmrdmjŪblhbsouf hu m tltuha ju strĊgahba gm a db dlartm kuh èh jmma jm dajb. YmrdmjŪblhbsouf hu
jlhgujm fa èopfbhbrm Ŝb l gmzvlftarm arolhblasĊ. YmrdmjŪblhbsouf mstm l atbtugbhm gmdmhsbvĊ. M jlhvbhnmrma jĊ, gajĊ
dajmo fujrurbfm pmrdmjt ‗ sau gajĊ arĊtĊo pmrdmjt ‗, obhbobzĊo sau jebar mvbtĊo sudmrbhŪa pm jarm l prlvlajĊ
ruŜbhma Ŝb daptuf gm a db cugmjaŪb sau èhvbhlvĊŪbŪb gm jmbfafŪb. YmrdmjŪblhbsouf mstm uh zbg gm gluĊzmjb gm tlhm, pm jarm-f
jlhstrubo èh curuf hlstru, jrmzëhg jĊ hm va prltmca, jëhg mf, gm dapt, hm èopbmgbjĊ sĊ dbo vĊzuŪb aŜa juo suhtmo ju
agmvĊrat.
• YmrdmjŪblhbsouf hu èhsmaohĊ autl-pmrdmjŪblharm. Mf mstm, èh msmhŪĊ, l èhjmrjarm gm a lkŪbhm
aprlkarma jmflrfafŪb. Jmb oab oufŪb pmrdmjŪblhbŜtb, jëhg mrau jlpbb, au dlst fĊugaŪb pmhtru rmuŜbtm Ŝb pmrdlroahŪĊ (gajĊ
fuau hltm kuhm, mrau juobhŪb,
juobhŪb, rmspmjtau rmnufbfm,
rmnufbfm, sm dĊjmau pfĊjuŪb,
pfĊjuŪb, arĊtau kbhm lrb mrau kuhb fa splrt). Jëhgva, pm
parjur suf vbmŪbb, mb au a glptat ajmst sbstmo gm jrmgb hŪm g mlpltrb vĊ p mrbju fls Ŝb gm kbfbta ht3 ‘ Zuht jmma jm ao r mafbz at ‗
suht mnaf ju pmrdlroahŪmfm omfm. Wrmkubm sĊ fm daj pm pfaj jmflrfafŪb. ZĊ daj
174
tltuf pmrdmjt. ZĊ dbu pmrdmjt." Jmf jarm m oltbvat gm l strĊgubhŪĊ sĊhĊtlasĊ gm a dajm fujrurbfm oab kbhm mstm jmhtrat pm
prlprba pmrsla hĊ3 j uo plt sĊ pr lnrmsmz < Ymr dmjŪbl hbs- ou f mstm jmhtra t pm pĊrmr ma a ftlra3 jm jr mg jm bfafŪb gmsprm obhm<
YmrdmjŪblhbsouf obzmazĊ pm aparmhŪm, hu pm msmhŪĊ.
• YmrdmjŪblhbsouf hu mstm jemba sujjmsufub. Gm dapt, jmrjmtĊrbfm aratĊ jĊ pmrdmjŪblhbsouf m l pbmgbjĊ
èh jafma rmuŜbtmb. Mf sm jlrmfmazĊ ju gmprmsba, ahxbmtatma, gmpmhgmhŪa, drbja gm a èhjmrja fujrurb hlb Ŝb ju lplrtuhbtĊŪbfm
ratatm. Wmaoa gm mŜmj, gm a dajm nrmŜmfb, gm a hu tm rbgbja fa aŜtmptĊrbfm jmflrfafŪb sau gm a db jrbtbjat hm Ūbhm gmpartm gm
armhĊ ‗ agbjĊ gm jlhdruhtarma sĊhĊtlasĊ Ŝb gm agmvĊrata strĊgahbm.
• èh dbhm, pmrdmjŪblhbsouf hu mstm l olgafbtatm
olgafbtatm gm a mvbta ruŜbhma. YmrdmjŪblhbsouf mstm l dlroĊ gm
ruŜbhm. Atuhjb jëhg hm jlhdruhtĊo ju pmrdmjŪblhbsouf, hm jlhdruhtĊo, gm dapt, ju ruŜbhma.
GupĊ jm ao dlflsbt gatmfm lkŪbhutm èh jmrjmtĊrb, pmhtru a-ob
jrlb gruo prbh eĊŪbŜuf ouftmflr obturb gmsprm pmrdmjŪblhbso,
ao acuhs fa uroĊtlarma gmdbhbŪbm a pmrdmjŪblhbsoufub3
• YmrdmjŪblhbs
YmrdmjŪblhbsouf
ouf m uh sbstmo
sbstmo gm jrmgbhŪm
jrmgbhŪm autl-gbstrujt
autl-gbstrujtbv
bv,, jarm jrmmazĊ gmpmhgmhŪĊ
gmpmhgmhŪĊ Ŝb platm
platm db rmzuoat
rmzuoat astdmf3 GajĊ arĊt
pmrdmjt Ŝb daj tltuf pmrdmjt, plt sĊ mvbt sau sĊ obhbobzmz sudmrbhŪa pm jarm ob-l prlvlajĊ ruŜbhma, prmjuo Ŝb daptuf gm a db
cugmjat sau kfaoat gm jmbfafŪb.
jmbfafŪb.
• YmrdmjŪblhbsouf mstm autl-gbstrujtbv, pur
pur Ŝb sbopfu, dbbhgjĊ hu mxbstĊ
mxbstĊ pmrdmjŪbuhm. Mstm uh sjlp gm
hmatbhs. YmrdmjŪblhbsouf arm fmnĊturĊ, oab gmnrakĊ, ju dmfuf èh jarm mŜtb pmrjmput gm jmbfafŪb, gmjët ju oltbvaŪba
bhtrbhsmjĊ, Ŝb hu mxbstĊ l olgafbtatm gm a jlhtrlfa pmrjmpŪba pm jarm l au afŪbb gmsprm tbhm, lrbjët gm ouft tbop Ŝb
mhmrnbm ab rbsbpb èhjmrjëhg.
• YmrdmjŪblhbsouf jrmmazĊ gmpmhgmhŪĊ, pmhtru jĊ, bhvarbakbf,
bhvarbakbf, jëhg hm jlhdruhtĊo ju ruŜbhma, jëhg

T]FHM[AKBFBWċūBB 17>
jĊ h-ao rmuŜbt sĊ dbo pmrdmjŪb. èh flj sĊ puhmo suk smohuf èhtrmkĊrbb flnbja pmrdmjŪblhbsoufub, gmvmhbo Ŝb oab
èhjĊpĊŪëhaŪb èh èhjmrjarma hlastrĊ gm a arĊta Ŝb gm a dajm tltuf pmrdmjt.
• YmrdmjŪblhbsouf prmgbspuhm fa ruŜbhm, vbhlvĊŪbm Ŝb jrbtbjĊ, bar ajmstma, fa rëhguf flr, aguj ju mfm Ŝb oab ouftĊ ruŜbhm Ŝb
autl-èhvbhlvĊŪbrm3 ‘Mu suht gmvbhĊ. OĊ sbot astdmf, dbbhgjĊ hu suht sudbjbmht gm kuh."
èhgrĊz
èhg rĊzhm
hmŜtm
Ŝtm ju lrbjm
lrb jm prmŪ3
prmŪ 3
aprmjbazĊ druousmŪma prlprbbflr
bopmrdmjŪbuhb
Fa dmf juo kujurba rĊu-prmvmstbtlarm sm platm sbtua pm uh jlhtbhuu, gatmfm ob-au arĊtat jĊ oaclrbtatma laomhbflr sm èhsjrbu
èhtr-uh jlhtbhuu af pmrdmjŪblhbsoufub Asta, dbbhgjĊ hu mxbstĊ lo jarm sĊ hu sm zkatĊ sĊ-Ŝb asjuhgĊ gmdmjtmfm, sĊ-Ŝb jlsomtb-
zmzm puŪbh boanbhma, ja sĊ basĊ èhvbhnĊtlr gbh jlopmtbŪba ju afŪbb. Fa uhbb, pmrdmjŪblhbsouf sm oahbdmstĊ glar èh sbtuaŪbbfm èh
jarm sm sbot dlartm vufhmrakbfb. èh jazuf aftlra, mstm jlo- pufsbv, jrlhbj Ŝb gmkbfbtaht ‗ smaoĊhĊ ju uh jloplrtaomht
agbjtbv Ŝb m trĊbt ja atarm.
Bhgbdmrmht uhgm hm sbtuĊo pm ajmst jlhtbhuu, gajĊ vrmo sĊ hm mfbkmrĊo gm pmrdmjŪblhbso, trmkubm sĊ strĊkatmo fuhnuf gruo
gm fa ‘Larm jm jrmg jmbfafŪb<" fa ‘Mu èhsuob suht gm acuhs". Mstm l jĊfĊtlrbm pm jarm h-l putmo dajm, gmjët gajĊ hm
gmzvlftĊo
gmzvlftĊo rmzbgmhŪa
rmzbgmhŪa fa ruŜbhm, jlopasbuhma
jlopasbuhma daŪĊ gm sbhm, Ŝb gajĊ èhvĊŪĊo
èhvĊŪĊo sĊ hm asuoĊo prlprbuf trmjut. Ymhtru a adfa
agmvĊruf gmsprm jbhm suhtmo, gm uhgm vmhbo, èh jm ahuom jrmgmo, prmjuo Ŝb gmsprm vbmŪbfm hlastrm, ju tlatm hmacuhsurbfm
mb, trmkubm sĊ hu hm oab jrbtbjĊo Ŝb sĊ èhjmpmo sĊ aprmjbmo druousmŪma bopmrdmjŪbuhbflr hlastrm. ZĊ dbo oab kfëhzb Ŝb oab
èhŪmfmnĊtlrb ju hlb Ŝb ju jmbfafŪb. ZĊ vlrkbo ju hlb èhŜbhm, aŜa juo vlrkbo ju jbhmva fa jarm Ūbhmo.
175
Gr. @rbstmh Hmdd, jmrjmtĊtlr Ŝb prldmslr fa ]hbvmrsbtatma statufub Wmxas gbh Austbh, jlhgujm uh prlnrao gm jmrjmtarm
jarm stugbazĊ olguf èh jarm gmzvlftĊo Ŝb prajtbjĊo jlopasbuhma daŪĊ gm sbhm. èh lpbhba mb, jlopasbuhma daŪĊ gm sbhm
prmzbht Ċ trmb jloplhm htm3 kuhĊvlb hŪa daŪĊ gm sbhm, èhŪmfm nmrma a jmma jm mstm lomhms j Ŝb jlhŜtbm htbzar ma gmpfbhĊ a
stĊrbb prmzmhtm, èh jartma
Jlopasbuhma daŪĊ gm sbhm. Hu tm oab katm sbhnur Ŝb fasĊ èh uroĊ hmsbnurahŪa, ma fm gmdbhmŜtm èh dmfuf uroĊtlr3
• KuhĊvlbhŪa daŪĊ gm sbhm èhsmaohĊ sĊ dbo èhŪmfmnĊtlrb
èhŪmfmnĊtlrb ju hlb èhŜbhm, atuhjb jëhg sudmrbo, jëhg
hm jlhdruhtĊo ju vrmuh mŜmj sau jëhg jlhsbgmrĊo jĊ suhtmo bopmrdmjŪb, Ŝb sĊ hu hm bnhlrĊo sudmrbhŪa lrb sĊ
rĊsujbo juŪbtuf èh rahĊ, jrbtbjëhgu-hm.
• èhŪmfmnmrma a jmma jm mstm lomhmsj rmprmzbhtĊ japajbtatma gm a rmjuhlaŜtm jĊ sudmrbhŪa Ŝb
bopmrdmjŪbuhma suht pĊrŪb afm uhmb mxpmrbmhŪm uoahm jlouhm ‗ jmva prbh jarm trmjm dbmjarm, hu glar uh sbhnur lo.
• JlhŜtbmhtbzarma gmpfbhĊ a stĊrbb prmzmhtm èhsmaohĊ sĊ tm raplrtmzb èh olg mjebfbkrat fa molŪbbfm hmnatbvm, aŜa èhjët
ajmstm trĊbrb sĊ hu dbm hbjb rmprboatm, hbjb mxanmratm. Hu hm putmo bnhlra sudmrbhŪa Ŝb, tltlgatĊ, s-l prbvbo ju
jlopasbuhm. Ajmst nmh gm jlhŜtbmhtbzarm dajm sĊ hu hm bgmhtbdbjĊo tltaf ju nëhgurbfm Ŝb molŪbbfm hlastrm, prbh
uroarm hu vlo db jlpfmŜbŪb Ŝb hu vlo gmvmhb prbzlhbmrbb prlprbbflr stĊrb hmnatbvm.
èob pfajm dlartm ouft gmdbhbŪba atmhŪbmb jlhŜtbmhtm, dbbhgjĊ hm aobhtmŜtm jĊ a db atmht èh olg jlhŜtbmht èhsmaohĊ,
tltlgatĊ, hbjb sĊ hu tm bgmhtbdbjb mxjmsbv ju prlprbbfm trĊbrb, hbjb sĊ hu fm mxanmrmzb. Ao jĊzut omrmu ju uŜurbhŪĊ èh
japjaha rmnrmtufub, ruŜbhbb sau èhglbmfbb gm sbhm, gajĊ ao dĊjut vrml nrmŜmafĊ. èhsĊ jlopasbuhma daŪĊ gm sbhm prmsupuhm
sĊ ab l pmrspmjtbvĊ lkbmjtbvĊ Ŝb prmjbsĊ asupra sbtuaŪbmb èh jarm sboŪb ruŜbhm sau gurmrm. @rbstmh Hmdd arm uh sbtm mxjmfmht,
www.smfd-jlopassblh.lrn,,
www.smfd-jlopassblh.lrn
A[O][A ÈOYLW[BTA T]FHM[AKBFBWċūBB 172
uhgm plŪb jlopfmta uh jemstblhar gmsprm jlopasbuhma daŪĊ gm tbhm èhsuŪb Ŝb sĊ adfb oab ouftm
gmsprm jmrjmtĊrbfm safm.
Ym fëhnĊ mxmrsarma jlopasbuhbb daŪĊ gm sbhm (mstm, èhtr-agmvĊr, uh mxmrjbŪbu, fa dmf prmjuo rmjuhlŜtbhŪa Ŝb lrbjm aft fujru
jarm jlhtmazĊ pmhtru hlb), trmkubm sĊ Ūbhmo obhtm, gm asmomhma, jĊ vlo glkëhgb smhtbomhtuf prlprbmb vaflrb ‗ ajma
jrmgbhŪĊ msmhŪbafĊ jĊ suhtmo gm acuhs ‗ glar atuhjb jëhg vlo ajjmpta prlprbuf trmjut. Hu mxbstĊ aftĊ jafm3 sau ajjmptĊo
trmjutuf (jebar Ŝb atuhjb jëhg m gmpartm gm jm hm-ao db glrbt hlb sĊ dbm), sau rmduzĊo sĊ-f ajjmptĊo ‗ hmnëhgu-hm
vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbfm Ŝb bopmrdmjŪbuhbfm, mfbobhëhg pĊrŪbfm gbh hlb èhŜbhm, jarm hu sm pltrbvmsj ju boanbhma bgmafĊ pm jarm l
avmo gmsprm hlb èhŜbhm Ŝb strĊgubhgu-hm sĊ lkŪbhmo gm fa jmbfafŪb jlhdbroarma vaflrbb hlastrm. YmrdmjŪblhbsouf m jmva
mpubzaht, dbbhgjĊ tlatĊ ajmastĊ strĊgahbm, prbh jarm jlhstrubo aparmhŪmfm, mstm uha mpubzahtĊ. M uh mdlrt jarm hu atbhnm
hbjblgatĊ puhjtuf dbhaf.
[mvbh ajuo fa Bhtmrvburbfm oltbvaŪblhafm gm pm kflnuf omu Ŝb vlb ga ja mxmopfm jëtmva dranomhtm gbh rĊspuhsurbfm pm jarm
Bhtmrvburbfm oltbvaŪblhafm
fm-ao prbobt fa èhtrmkĊrbfm gmsprm pmrdmjŪblhbso. èh ajmstm rĊspuhsurb, vĊg druousmŪma autmhtbjbtĊŪbb ‗ a ajjmptĊrbb
prlprbb flr gm dmjtm ‗ Ŝb su ht bhsp bratĊ gm au tl- jl opasbuh ma jm flr bh tmrvbm vaŪb gm obhm . Jrmg jĊ tm vlr bh spbra Ŝ b pm tbhm,
jbtbtlrufm. Yrbouf dranomht m gbhtr-uh bhtmrvbu ju Nrmtjemh [ukbh, autlarm gm oarm sujjms a jĊrŪbb Yrlbmjtuf dmrbjbrbb, gmsprm
ahuf pm jarm-f pmtrmjusm tmstëhg stugbbfm Ŝb tmlrbbfm gmsprm juo sĊ dbb oab dmrbjbt. ]ftboa mb jartm, Oab dmrbjbt ajasĊ, puhm èh
gbsjuŪbm, èh prbouf rëhg, ajmb dajtlrb gm jarm gmpbhgm dmrbjbrma ajasĊ, juo ar db3 plsmsbuhbfm, jĊsĊtlrba, tbopuf, rmfaŪba ju
jlpbbb sau vmjbhbb. BatĊ rĊspuhsuf gat gm [ukbh fa èhtrmkarma rmdmrbtlarm fa juo sĊ nmstblhĊo prlkfmoa pmrdmjŪblhbsoufub3
Omrmu èob spuh3 ‘Ymrdmjt mstm

mstm guŜoahuf kbhmfud (bgmm pm jarm ao èopruoutat-l gm fa Tlftabrm). L pfbokarm
gm ;9 gm obhutm, pm jarm l daj, mstm oab kuhĊ gmjët l afmrnarm
gm > `bflomtrb, pm jarm h-l daj. L jartm bopmrdmjtĊ pm jarm l pukfbj mstm oab kuhĊ gmjët jma pmrdmjtĊ, jarm
rĊoëhm èh jafjufatlruf omu. L pmtrmjmrm ju oëhjarm jebhmzmasjĊ smob- prmparatĊ mstm oab kuhĊ gmjët
pmtrmj mrma mfmnaht Ċ, pm jarm h-l vl b lrna hbza h bjblga tĊ.
Ahgrma Zjemr mstm dltlnrada, autlarm Ŝb bhstrujtlarm gm gmzvlftarm pmrslhafĊ fa Kmr`mfmy, èh Jafbdlrhba. Yrbh jursurbfm mb
ltbfbhm, ‘Dltlnradba
supmr-mrlufub" Ŝb ‘Olhgl Kmylhgl" (‘Fuoma gm
gbhjlfl"), prmjuo Ŝb prbh kflnuf mb prmobat, Curhafuf supmr-mrlufub,
supmr-mrlufub, Ahgrma mstm l sursĊ gm bhspbraŪbm pmhtru oufŪb laomhb
jarm-Ŝb glrmsj sĊ trĊbasjĊ autmhtbj Ŝb sĊ gujĊ l vbaŪĊ pfbhĊ gm juflarm Ŝb jrmatbvbtatm. Gm ouftm lrb, l nĊsmŜtb stëhg pm plgma
èh kujĊtĊrbm, ju kmkmfuŜuf èh kraŪm, jmrëhgu-b kĊbatufub mb gm 7 ahb sĊ sarĊ, ja sĊ-b dajĊ l plzĊ gm supmr-mrlu. Ma sjrbm
gmsprm pmrdmjŪblhbso (èob pfaj fa hmkuhbm oaxbomfm mb!)3
Ao dĊjut nbohastbjĊ gm pmrdlroahŪĊ èh jlpbfĊrbm, h-ao fbpsbt hbjblgatĊ gm fa ŜjlafĊ, mrao

èhnrlzbtĊ gm lrbjm hltĊ oab objĊ gm 19 sau 2, bar èh fbjmu ao avut l tufkurarm gm
afbomhtaŪbm.
A, sĊ hu ubt3 jrmg j-ao dlst rmnbha kafufub.
Ga. Jrmg jĊ ao l prlkfmoĊ ju pmrdmjŪblhbsouf.
Gar tlt èhjmrj s-l gmpĊŜmsj. Ym jëhg mrao jlpbf, jrmgmao jĊ a db pmrdmjt èhsmaohĊ a db
bukbt Ŝb èhjĊ ob-m nrmu sĊ oĊ gmzkar gm ajmst olg gm a nëhgb. Gm ouftm lrb, gmsjlpĊr jĊ
daj jmma jm Krmhm huomŜtm ‘a tm strĊgub sĊ dbb jlhsbgmrat l pmrslahĊ vaflrlasĊ". AgbjĊ,
tlatm ajmfm fujrurb pm jarm fm dajmo, ja sĊ hu vagĊ jmbfafŪb jĊ suhtmo pfbhb gm gmdmjtm Ŝb
uoahb. JëtmlgatĊ, èob spuh jĊ vaflarma oma ja pmrslahĊ gmpbhgm gm fujrurbfm pm jarm fm
daj Ŝb gm jët gm kbhm fm daj, gar, gm jmfm oab ouftm lrb, oĊ strĊgubmsj gbh nrmu sĊ hu oab
nëhgmsj aŜa. Daptuf gm a db pĊrbhtm o-a èhvĊŪat dlartm ouftm gmsprm asta. Mstm uh gruo
ahmvlbls Ŝb èhtëopbh sbtuaŪbb jarm èhgmaohĊ fa olgmstbm, gar èhvĊŪ sĊ vlrkmsj gmsprm
prlprb bfm gb dbjuftĊ Ūb.
aroura èopltrbva vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb

vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb
Ja sĊ-ob jlhtrlfmz tmhgbhŪa jĊtrm pmrdmjŪblhbso, èob gau mu èhsĊob vlbm sĊ daj ‘sudbjbmht gm kbhm" uhmfm
fujrurb. Wrmkubm sĊ oĊ ajebt gm sarjbhb èhtr-uh tbop sjurt (jëhg ab glb jlpbb objb, èhvmŪb juo sĊ-Ūb dajb trmaka
ju vbtmza fuobhbb), bar, gajĊ fm daj sudbjbmht gm kbhm, suht oufŪuobtĊ.
Ao jëtmva oaxbom pm jarm fm uromz3
Nraka tm èhvaŪĊ sĊ dbb jrmatlr Ŝb-Ūb gĊ bgmb hlb.
GajĊ vrmb sĊ dbb sbnur jĊ h-l sĊ tmrobhb hbjblgatĊ l trmakĊ, èhjmarjĊ s-l dajb pmrdmjt.
Zudbjbmht gm kbhm èhsmaohĊ af grajufub gm kbhm.
Hbjelfa s ^bftlh mstm a rtbstuf jarm a dĊj ut bfust raŪbbfm fa ja rtma oma a htmrbla rĊ, p rmjuo Ŝb pm jmfm gm pm sbdm-uf omu. Ym
fëhnĊ daptuf jĊ mstm uh pbjtlr jlhsajrat ‗ ouftm gbh takflurbfm safm daj partm gbh jlfmjŪbb prbvatm lrb au dlst mxpusm èh
nafmrbb gm artĊ ‗, mstm dlhgatlruf Omtlgmb Artpfahm, uh sbstmo gm prmgarm a pbjturbb, jarm dajbfbtmazĊ prljmsuf gm jrmaŪbm.
èob
èob pfaj
pfajmm dlar
dlartm
tm ouft
ouft jm sjrbm
sjrbm mf gmsp
gmsprm
rm pmrdm
pmrdmjŪ
jŪbl
blhb
hbso
so Ŝb artĊartĊ.. Zm plpltr
trbv
bvmŜt
mŜtmm pmrdm
pmrdmjt
jt ju jlhj
jlhjfu
fuzbb
zbbfm
fm
stug
stugbb
bbfl
flrr omfm
omfm,, prmju
prmjuo
o jĊ pmrdm
pmrdmjŪ
jŪbl
blhb
hbso
souf
uf gbst
gbstru
runm
nm jrmat
jrmatbv
bvbt
btat
atma.
ma. Hu èhtë èhtëop
opfĊfĊtl
tlr,
r, l omtl omtlgĊ
gĊ gbht
gbhtrm
rm
jmfm
jmfm oab
oab mdbj
mdbjbmh
bmhtm
tm gm a gmpĊ
gmpĊŜb
Ŝb pmrd
pmrdmjŪ
mjŪbl
blhb
hbso
souf
uf mstm
mstm sĊ èhjmp
èhjmpbb l ajtb
ajtbvb
vbta
tatm
tm jrmat
jrmatlalarm.
rm. BatĊ
BatĊ jm arm gm
spus Hbj`3
èhtltgmauha ob s-a pĊrut jĊ trmkurbfm fuobb au dlst lrnahbzatm gm jbhmva, ju ouft tbop èh
uroĊ, pm tbpurb gm ajtbvbtĊŪb jarm sm plt pmrdmjŪblha, pm jatmnlrbb gm fujrurb jarm sm
pltrbvm sj èhtr m mfm pmrdm jt. G m mxm opfu, fuoma adajm rbflr duhjŪbl hmazĊ èh dmf uf aj msta ‗
fbstm gm jlsturb, takmfm, fujrurb jarm sm plt juahtbdbja, sm plt pmrdmjŪblha. Zbstmouf fmnaf hu
m èhtltgmauha pmrdmjt, gar, tltuŜb, m rmzuftatuf uhub mdlrt mxtrmo gm obhuŪbls gm a dlroufa
fmnb Ŝb rmnufb pmhtru tlatm aspmjtmfm vbmŪbb uoahm, uh jlg atltjuprbhzĊtlr gm jlhgubtĊ, pm
jarm trmkubm sĊ-f uroĊo ju tlŪbb. YmrdmjŪbuhma m jrujbafĊ atuhjb jëhg jlhstrubmŜtb uh avblh,
uh plg sau uh trmh gm oarm vbtmzĊ. H-ao avma Bhtmrhmt, dĊrĊ uh jlg Ŝb ahuobtm rmnufb gm
jafjuf. Asmomhma fujrurb
lrb suht jlhstrubtm pmrdmjt, lrb h-au juo sĊ duhjŪblhmzm. Oarm partm gbh fuoma èh jarm trĊbo
Ŝb ouhjbo sm kazmazĊ pm jlrmjtbtugbhm Ŝb pmrdmjŪbuhm.
Gar, gupĊ jm ajmf jbhmva ‗ jmf oab prlkakbf, l dmombm ‗ a rmuŜbt sĊ lrnahbzmzm tltuf
pmrdm jt, s- a trm zbt jĊ l oufŪb om gm fujrur b hu s m pltr bvmau hbjĊbm rb ‗ f ujrurb pmhtru jarm
trmkuba nĊsbtĊ l jatmnlrbm, tltuŜb.
AŜa èhjët, èh gbspmrarm gm jauzĊ, Ŝb-a pus oëbhbfm èh Ŝlfgurb Ŝb a spus3 ‘èh rmnufĊ. Au rĊoas l oufŪbom gm fujrurb
jarm hu suht pmrdmjtbkbfm Ŝb hu sm pltrbvmsj èh tlatm jmfmfaftm jatmnlrbb, aŜa jĊ fm vlb puhm pm tlatm èhtr-l jutbm, fa
nrĊoagĊ, dĊrĊ sĊ-ob oab kat japuf ju mfm. Ylatm jĊ, oab tërzbu, l sĊ gmsjebg jutba Ŝb l sĊ èhjmrj sĊ-ob gau smaoa
uhgm s-ar putma pltrbvb tlatm fujrurbfm gbh ma. YëhĊ uha, afta, l sĊ-b puh l mtbjemtĊ, pm jarm sĊ sjrbm3 A[Wċ."
Yrlkfmoa h-a dlst gmflj rmzlfvatĊ, gbh dmrbjbrm. èh tbop, jutba a èhjmput sĊ gma pm gbhadarĊ gm fujrurb mtbjemtatm
grmpt ‘artĊ". Jrmg jĊ prlkfmoa asta èhjĊ mxbstĊ, gbh jauzĊ jĊ arta, gbhtrm tlatm jatmnlrbbfm pm jarm fm avmo fa
gbsplzbŪbm, smaoĊhĊ jmf oab kbhm ju jmma jm èhsmaohĊ sĊ dbb lo.
Ju vbaŪa. M dbrma hlastrĊ sĊ dbo bopmrdmjŪb. Z-avmo trĊbrb Ŝb molŪbb jarm hu plt db pusm èhtr- l jatmnlrbm sau afta.
ZĊ jlhstrubo lrb sĊ dajmo fujrurb jarm hu au hmapĊrat smhs. Arta mstm uh mxmopfu pmrdmjt gm bopmrdmjŪbuhm.
LgatĊ jm juvëhtuf artĊ bhtrĊ èh gmsjrbmrma a jmma jm vrmb sĊ dajb, mstm ja Ŝb juo ab prbob uh kbfmt gm vlbm sĊ bmŜb
gbh pmrbomtruf pmrdmjŪbuhbb. Hm mfbkmrmazĊ ‗ sfavĊ Glohufub! ‗ gm jlŜoaruf gm a trmkub sĊ dbo pmrdmjŪb.
Fmnat gm daptuf jĊ fujrĊrbfm omfm hu suht pmrdmjtm, mstm sudbjbmht sĊ arĊt sprm jutba pm jarm sjrbm ArtĊ, ja laomhbb
sĊ èhŪmfmanĊ, sau oĊjar sĊ sm prmdajĊ a èhŪmfmnm, Ŝb sĊ oĊ sjutmasjĊ gm aŜtmptĊrbfm flr rmdmrbtlarm fa pmrdmjŪbuhm.
Ao uh jbtat pm jarm-f rlstmsj gm dbmjarm gatĊ, jëhg vlrkmsj gmsprm vufhmrakbfbtatm Ŝb pmrdmjŪblhbso.
M vlrka gm hbŜtm vmrsurb gbh jëhtmjuf fub Fmlharg Jlemh, Ahtemo. Au gmvmhbt dlartm

1=:
boplrtahtm pmhtru obhm, dbbhgjĊ èob gau mhlro gm ouft sprbcbh Ŝb spmrahŪĊ, èh èhjmrjarma gm a-ob ajjmpta bopmrdmjŪbuhbfm3
‘Wlatm fujrurbfm au l jrĊpĊturĊ, dbm ma jët gm objĊ. Ym ajlfl bhtrĊ fuobha èh mfm."
A trmba dlroĊ gm apĊrarm3 ahmstmzbmrma

admjtbvĊ
Wm èhtrmkb,
èhtrmkb, mvmhtuaf, gajĊ smjŪbuhma gm daŪĊ sm rmdmrĊ fa gmpmhgmhŪĊ
gmpmhgmhŪĊ Ŝb-Ūb spub jĊ h-arm hbjb l fmnĊturĊ
fmnĊturĊ ju tbhm. Wm rln,
jbtmŜtm
jbtmŜtm èh jlhtbhuarm,
jlhtbhuarm, dbbhgjĊ arm fmnĊturĊ ju hlb tlŪb. èh prbouf
prbouf rëhg, uha gbhtrm stratmnbbfm
stratmnbbfm uhbvmrsafm gm ahmstmzbmrm
admjtbvĊ mstm sĊ dbb mxtrmo gm ljupat. Gm ouftm lrb spuh jĊ, gajĊ s-ar lrnahbza èhtëfhbrb èh glbsprmzmjm paŜb, pmhtru jmb
gmpmhgmhŪb, sĊ-Ŝb ljupm tbopuf ju lrbjm, ar trmkub sĊ sm ŪbhĊ pm stagblahm gm dltkaf. Ao gmvmhbt l jufturĊ èh jarm laomhbb
au acuhs sĊ jrmagĊ jĊ, gajĊ stau tlt tbopuf ljupaŪb, hu vlr db hmvlbŪb sĊ sm jlhdruhtm ju agmvĊrurbfm hmpfĊjutm gbh vbaŪa
flr.
èh af glbfma rëhg, statbstbjbfm aratĊ jĊ suht dlartm puŪbhb laomhb jarm sĊ hu db dlst admjtaŪb, fa uh olomht gat, gm gmpmhgmhŪĊ.
Jrmg jĊ rmjurnmo ju tlŪbb fa l dlroĊ sau afta gm ahmstmzbmrm admjtbvĊ. Z-ar putma sĊ hu dajmo ajmst fujru èh olg jlopuf- sbv
Ŝb jrlhbj ‗ ja èh gmpmhgmhŪa prlprbu-zbsĊ ‗, èhsĊ asta hu èhsmaohĊ jĊ hu hm ‘aolrŪbo" smhtbomhtuf gm vufhmrakbfbtatm. Bar
ahmstmzbmrma vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb hm admjtmazĊ èh olg hmnatbv, dbbhgjĊ dajm oab ouft gmjët sĊ hm aolrŪmasjĊ sudmrbhŪa hĊsjutĊ gbh
mxpmrbmhŪm gbdbjbfm0 ahmstmzbmrma vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb hm rmgujm, gm asmomhma, japajbtatma gm a sboŪb bukbrm, kujurbm, apartmhmhŪĊ,
jrmatbvbtatm Ŝb mopatbm. Hu avmo juo sĊ hm ahmstmzbmo molŪbbfm èh olg smfmjtbv. GajĊ rmgujb bhtmhsbtatma sudmrbhŪmb, l
rmgujb Ŝb pm jma a kujurbmb.
èh jaz jĊ tm èhtrmkb, jlhsuouf gm grlnurb uŜlarm sau a jëtlrva paearm gm vbh gupĊ smrvbjbu suht tlt l dlroĊ gm ahmstmzbmrm
admjtbvĊ. Tlb arĊta jĊ suht oltbvm pmhtru jarm sĊ rmjlhsbgmrĊo
1=7
1
bgmma pltrbvbt jĊrmba hm ‘gmsjĊrjĊo * prbh asmomhma ajtbvbtĊŪb. Tlo prbvb ju afŪb ljeb, pëhĊ fa sdërŜbtuf ajmstub japbtlf,
fujrurb kahafm, prmjuo jmfm jëtmva paearm gm vbh kĊutm fa jbhĊ ‗ gar Ŝb èh tbop jm nĊtbo sau strëhnmo oasa ‗, jlhsuouf
gm zaeĊr, prlnraouf gm fujru gm Ŝabzmjb gm lrm pm sĊptĊoëhĊ, dltkafuf lhfbhm, ahtbgmprmsbvmfm sau slohbdmrmfm, prmjuo Ŝb
jmfm patru jmŜtb gm jadma gm jarm avmo hmvlbm, pmhtru a hm fbopmzb obhtma gm mdmjtuf vbhufub Ŝb af slohbdmrmflr. OĊ rmdmr
fa fujrurb pm jarm ju tlŪbb fm dajmo, èh dbmjarm zb.
Jëhg o-ao ubtat fa gatmfm stugbbflr, prboa oma èhtrmkarm a dlst3 gm jm ahuom èhjmarjĊ laomhbb sĊ sjapm, atuhjb jëhg èŜb
ahmstmzbazĊ smhsbkbfbtatma< èh prmzmht, aomrbjahbb suht admjtaŪb oab ouft ja lrbjëhg gm gmpmhgmhŪĊ, gatlrbb Ŝb lkmzbtatm, Ŝb
jlhsuoĊ tlt oab ouftm omgbjaomhtm. Ymhtru prboa gatĊ èh bstlrbm, Jmhtruf pm htru Jlhtrlfuf Klfbflr a ahuhŪat jĊ
ajjbgmhtmfm gm oaŜbhĊ suht, èh prmzmht, èh Ztatmfm ]hbtm, a glua jauzĊ a olrŪbflr ajjbgmhtafm. Jauza prbhjbpafĊ<
Zupraglzmfm gm grlnurb. èh pfus, oab oufŪb laomhb olr gbh jauza supra- glzmflr gm omgbjaomhtm prmsjrbsm pm rmŪmtĊ,
gmjët gbh jauza jlhsuoufub gm emrlbhĊ, jljabhĊ Ŝb omtaodmtaobhm, fa uh flj. Řb oab afaroaht suhĊ mstboarma jĊ oab puŪbh
gm =% gbhtrm jmb jarm au ourbt gbh jauza uhlr supraglzm gm omgbjaomhtm prmsjrbsm pm rmŪmtĊ fm-au lkŪbhut gm fa pmrslahm
gmsprm jarm, gm lkbjmb, jrmgmo jĊ suht ‘tradbjahŪb gm jlfŪuf strĊzbb**. M ouft oab prlkakbf ja tradbjahŪbb gm grlnurb gbh
zbua gm astĊzb sĊ dbm pĊrbhŪb, rugm, prbmtmhb Ŝb omgbjb. Mvbgmht jĊ mstm l prlkfmoĊ smrblasĊ. èhjmrjĊo ju gbspmrarm sĊ
sboŪbo oab puŪbh sau oab ouft ‗ sĊ hm èhfĊturĊo jmva gbh obhtm lrb sĊ trĊbo l molŪbm oab bhtmhs.
GupĊ ahb gm zbfm, èh jarm ao fujrat èhgmaprlapm ju omgbjb Ŝb jmrjmtĊtlrb jarm stugbazĊ gmpmhgmhŪa, ao prmsupus jĊ
laomhbb rmjurn fa ahmstmzbmrma admjtbvĊ, èh prbouf rëhg, gbh jauza gbdbjuftĊŪbflr ju jarm sm jlhdruhtĊ ajmŜtba èh jmma jm
prbvmŜtm
aroura èopltrbva vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb 1==
smhtbomhtuf prlprbmb vaflrb Ŝb ruŜbhma. ZboŪbo hmvlba sĊ hm aolrŪbo gurmrma prlvljatĊ gm smhtbomhtuf gm bhagmjvarm Ŝb gm
a hu db ‘gm acuhs". Gar asta m glar l pbmsĊ gbh puzzfm. Ao oab jlhstatat jĊ ahxbmtatma Ŝb smhtbomhtuf gm èhstrĊbharm suht Ŝb
mfm gmjfahŜatlrb ab ahmstmzbmrbb admjtbvm. Jma oab bhtmhsĊ hmvlbm gm ahmstmzbmrm admjtbvĊ parm sĊ aparĊ èh uroa jlokbhaŪbmb
gbhtrm ruŜbhm, ahxbmtatm Ŝb èhstrĊbharm ‗ aŜa juo vlb mxpfbja oab gmpartm.
Ahxbmtatma, juo a dlst gmsjrbsĊ gm partbjbpahŪbb fa jmrjmtarm, sm haŜtm gbh hmsbnurahŪĊ, gbh jmrbhŪmfm jlhtragbjtlrbb Ŝb
gbdbjbfm ju jarm suhtmo klokargaŪb Ŝb gbh strmsuf sljbaf ‗ l surprbzĊ. A dlst oab nrmu sĊ acuhn fa l jlhjfuzbm jfarĊ èh
prbvbhŪa smhtbom htufub gm èhst rĊbha rm. O- ao nëh gbt, j ebar, sĊ dlflsm sj tm romhuf gmprmsbm èh flj gm èhstrĊbharm, èhsĊ, gupĊ jm
ao rmvĊzut gatmfm, ob-ao gat smaoa jĊ hu gmsprm asta vlrkbsmrĊ partbjbpahŪbb, jb gmsprm l gbvmrsbtatm gm trĊbrb Ŝb
mxpmrbmhŪm, èh jarm dbnurmazĊ gmprmsba, gar jarm bhjfugm Ŝb sbhnurĊtatma, bzlfarma, gmtaŜarma molŪblhafĊ Ŝb smhtbomhtuf gm
nlf admjtbv. ‘èhstrĊbharma" trbobtm fa tlatm ajmstma.
Gbh hlu, jmma jm ob s-a pĊrut gm-a grmptuf boprmsblhaht, atët prldmsblhaf, jët Ŝb pmrslhaf, a dlst sĊ jlhstat jĊ ruŜbhma arm,
gm asmomhma, uh rlf èh ahxbmtatm Ŝb/sau èhstrĊbharm. Fa èhtrmkarma3 ‘Jm tm dajm sĊ tm ahmstmzbmzb admjtbv<", ob s-a rĊspuhs
drmjvmht3 uh aomstmj gm ahxbmtatm Ŝb ruŜbhm0 uh aomstmj gm èhstrĊbharm Ŝb ruŜbhm0 ahxbmtatm Ŝb èhstrĊbharm, aomstmjatm ju ruŜbhm.
Jmb jm sudmrĊ gm ahxbmtatm sm jlhdruhtĊ Ŝb ju trĊbrb gm ruŜbhm. Ym fëhnĊ smhtbomhtuf gm tmaoĊ, gm

fbpsĊ a jlhtrlfufub Ŝb gm hmputbhŪĊ gm a dajm daŪĊ hmhuoĊratmflr jmrbhŪm afm vbmŪbb, ajmŜtba jrmg jĊ,
gajĊ ar db oab bhtmfbnmhŪb, oab putmrhbjb sau oab kuhb, ar putma sĊ-Ŝb rmzlfvm tlatm prlkfmomfm. Bar
ajmastĊ jlhvbhnmrm fm agëhjmŜtm ahxbmtatma Ŝb l dajm gm hmsuplrtat. Ahmstmzbmrma admjtbvĊ mstm, èh
asmomhma sbtuaŪbb, l jafm gm a jafoa gurmrma prlvljatĊ gm smhtbomhtuf gm bhagmjvarm Ŝb jmf gm
hmsbnurahŪĊ.
1=4
Ju èhstrĊbharma, mstm ajmmaŜb plvmstm. Zm platm dlartm kbhm sĊ ab jëtmva sutm gm prbmtmhb pm Dajmkll` Ŝb l oufŪbom gm
jlfmnb, prbmtmhb (gbh ‘vbaŪa rmafĊ") Ŝb vmjbhb, Ŝb tltuŜb sĊ tm sboŪb sbhnur Ŝb bnhlrat gm jmbfafŪb. Gm vrmom jm hmvlba gm a
stakbfb fmnĊturb uoahm m èhhĊsjutĊ, èhstrĊbharma haŜtm
èhtltgmauha sudmrbhŪĊ. A tm sboŪb èhstrĊbhat platm db jmva hlroaf èh vbaŪa gm zb ju zb Ŝb èh rmfaŪbbfm ju jmbfafŪb, gar, atuhjb
jëhg hm sboŪbo èhstrĊbhaŪb, gmlarmjm jrmgmo jĊ hu suhtmo sudbjbmht gm kuhb, ja sĊ omrbtĊo sĊ avmo fmnĊturb prlduhgm,
glrbo sĊ hm ahmstmzbmo sudmrbhŪa pm jarm l trĊbo.
LgatĊ èhstrĊbhaŪb, hm bzlfĊo ‗ trmkubm sĊ dbo jlhŜtbmhŪb gm ajmastĊ prbomcgbm. Cmah Ka`mr Obffmr Ŝb Brmhm Ztbvmr, mxpmrtm èh
tmrapbm rmfaŪblhaf-jufturafĊ fa Jmhtruf Ztlhm gm fa Jlfmnbuf ^mffmsfmy, au surprbhs èhtr-l dlroufarm prmnhahtĊ jmma jm mstm
spmjbdbj bzlfĊrbb3 ‘GupĊ pĊrmrma hlastrĊ, jmf oab èhnrlzbtlr Ŝb oab gbstrujtbv smhtbomht pm jarm-f platm trĊb jbhmva mstm
ajmfa gm bzlfarm psbelflnbjĊ. A hu db jlhduhgatĊ ju sbhnurĊtatma. Mstm vlrka gm smhtbomhtuf jĊ-Ūb mstm bhajjmsbkbfĊ lrbjm
dlroĊ gm fmnĊturĊ uoahĊ Ŝb jĊ h-ab hbjb l putmrm sĊ sjebokb ajmastĊ sbtuaŪbm. èh jazurbfm mxtrmom, bzlfarma psbelflnbjĊ
platm gujm fa uh smhtbom ht gm hmacu tlrarm Ŝb gb spmrar m. L aomhbb ar da jm a prlapm lrbjm, ja s Ċ mva gmzm gbh a jmastĊ juopfbt Ċ
starm gm bzlfarm Ŝb hmputbhŪĊ."
Gbh ajmastĊ gmdbhbŪbm a bzlfĊrbb, partma msmhŪbafĊ pmhtru a èhŪmfmnm ruŜbhma mstm prlplzbŪba3 ‘Laomhbb ar dajm aprlapm lrbjm,
ja sĊ mvagmzm gbh ajmastĊ juopfbtĊ starm gm bzlfarm Ŝb hmputbhŪĊ". [uŜbhma tm agujm gm ouftm lrb fa gbspmrarm. Bar rmajŪbbfm
plsbkbfm fa aj mastĊ hmvlbm gbspmra tĊ gm a sjĊ pa gm bzlfarm Ŝb tma oĊ suh t dlar tm gb vmrsm3 ahmstm zbmrm admjtb vĊ, gm pmhgmhŪ Ċ,
gmprmsbm, autl-outbfarm, tufkurĊrb fmnatm gm afbomhtaŪbm, jloplrtaomht gm bhtbobgarm, vblfmhŪĊ Ŝb sbhujbgmrm.
[mdfmjtëhg fa prlprbbfm mxpmrbmhŪm gm ahmstmzbmrm admjtbvĊ gbh trmjut, ao èhŪmfms olguf èh jarm
ruŜbhma aopfbdbjĊ ahxbmtatma

T]FHM[AKBFBWċūBB 1=>
Ŝb èhstrĊbharma Ŝb ao nĊsbt uh rĊspuhs fa èhtrmkĊrb jarm o-au prmljupat ahb gm zbfm. Hu o-ao apujat gm kĊut, ja sĊ-ob èhmj
aoaruf, jb dbbhgjĊ avmao hmvlbm sĊ daj jmva ju oëbhbfm. Zuht jlhvbhsĊ jĊ, gajĊ èh uftbobb ahb ab aglfmsjmhŪmb omfm ar db
dlst fa olgĊ tmfmdlahmfm bhtmfbnmhtm Ŝb jĊŪmfuŜbb Jebeuaeua, pm jarm vmgmtmfm èb mtafmazĊ ja pm hbŜtm ajjmslrbb, hu o-aŜ db
apujat hbjblgatĊ sĊ duomz Ŝb sĊ kmau. Afjllfuf Ŝb ŪbnĊrbfm èob gbobhuau smhtbomhtuf gm vufhmrakbfbtatm Ŝb oĊ dĊjmau sĊ par
ljupatĊ, atuhjb jëhg jmfmfaftm dmtm gm fa oasa oma mrau bhvbtatm fa gahs. Avmao hmvlbm, pur Ŝb sbopfu, sĊ daj jmva, sĊ par
ljupatĊ.
èh uroĊ ju gluĊzmjb-Ŝb-jbhjb gm ahb, sboŪmao jĊ h-ao gm afms, gmjët sĊ tran gm l kmrm, sĊ aomstmj èhtr-uh jljtmbf lrb sĊ-ob
daj gm fujru j-l ŪbnarĊ. Mrao glar mu fa oasĊ, hbomhb aftjbhmva hu-ob Ūbhma jlopahbm, gmjët vbjbbfm omfm. èh jazuf omu,
vufhmrakbfbtatma a jlhgus fa ahxbmtatm, aplb fa ruŜbhm Ŝb, èh dbhm, fa èhstrĊbharm. Zbhnura rmzlfvarm3 èhjĊ l stbjfĊ gm
Kugwmbsmr Fbnet. Ymhtru oufŪb gbhtrm hlb, ahmstmzbmrma molŪbbflr ‗ fuatĊ aprlapm èh smhs fbtmraf ‗ mstm glar uh mdmjt
smjuhgar pfĊjut, ju tlatm jĊ pmrbjufls, af uhlr jloplrtaomhtm jarm vlrkmsj gmsprm èhjmrjarma sĊ tm agaptmzb, sĊ rmfaŪblhmzb
Ŝb sĊ-Ūb jlhtrlfmzb ahxbmtatma.
Ao èhjmtat sĊ kmau Ŝb sĊ duomz ajuo Ŝabsprmzmjm ahb. Zjrbao èh Garurbfm bopmrdmjŪbuhbb3
MgujaŪba pm jarm ao prbobt-l hu ob-a ldmrbt akbfbtĊŪbfm Ŝb mxmrjbŪbuf molŪblhaf hmjmsarm, pmhtru a putma èhdruhta
sbtuaŪbbfm gbdbjbfm, aŜa jĊ, èh tbop, ao acuhs gmpmhgmhtĊ gm gbvmrsm jloplrtaomhtm gm ‘ahmstmzbmrm . Ymhtru
ajmastĊ dlroĊ gm gmpmhgmhŪĊ, hu mxbstĊ omtlgĊ gm vbhgmjarm èh ‘glbsprmzmjm paŜb". Grmpt jarm, gupĊ jëtmva
mxpmrbomhtm mŜuatm, ob-ao gat smaoa jĊ, gajĊ-ob gmsjrbu gmpmhgmhŪa èh ajmŜtb tmromhb èh jagruf uhmb èhtëfhbrb
gbh prlnraomfm èh glbsprmzmjm paŜb, rbsj sĊ hu dbu èhŪmfmasĊ gm tragbŪblhafbŜtbb uhmb astdmf gm omtlgm.
1=5
Yrlkfmomfm omfm hu mrau fmnatm huoab gm pmtrmjmrbfm fa jarm hu oĊ bhvbta hbomhb fa gahs,
gm kmrbfm kĊutm Ŝb gm ŪbnĊrbfm duoatm èh tbhmrmŪm, jb gm pëbhma ju kahahm, jebp- surbfm ju
-urbfm, ouhja, èhnrbclrarma pmroahmhtĊ, lksmsba pmhtru pfahbdbjarm,
qumsl, m-oabf -urbfm, ouhja,
pmrdmj Ūblhbso uf Ŝb tlatm jmfmfaf tm fu jrurb ju ja rm put mao sĊ -ob ao lrŪmsj smhzaŪ ba
bhsuplrtakbfĊ, erĊhbtĊ gm ahxbmtatm, gm a db vufhmrakbfĊ.
èh jlhtbhuarm, vlb gbsjuta gmsprm jëtmva stratmnbb gm ahmstmzbmrm admjtbvĊ.
èhgrĊz
èhg rĊzhm
hmŜtm
Ŝtm ju lrbjm
lrb jm prmŪ èhsma
èhs maohĊ
ohĊ33
bopuhmrma uhlr fbobtm, gmsjlpmrbrma
agmvĊratufub jlhdlrt Ŝb juftbvarma
spbrbtufub
Jëhg b-ao runat pm partbjbpahŪbb omb fa stugbb ‗ gmsprm jarm aŜ putma spuhm jĊ-Ŝb trĊbmsj vbaŪa gbh
pfbh ‗sĊ-ob spuhĊ juo daj daŪĊ ahmstmzbmrbb admjtbvm, ob-au vlrkbt bhvarbakbf gmsprm trmb fujrurb3
1. ZĊ èhvmŪb sĊ-Ūb
sĊ-Ūb èhŪmfmnb prlprbbfm
prlprbbfm molŪbb.
;. ZĊ dbb jlhŜtbmht gm prlprbbfm jloplrtaomhtm gm ahmstmzbmrm admjtbvĊ (jebar Ŝb mb avmau prlkfmoa
asta).
:. ZĊ èhvmŪb sĊ-Ūb èhdruhŪb molŪbbfm hmnatbvm, prmjuo
prmjuo ahxbmtatma, èhstrĊbharma.
Mrao gm ajlrg ju tlatm ajmstm fujrurb, èhsĊ vlbao sĊ èhŪmfmn oab kbhm jm èhsmaohĊ sĊ fm dajb daŪĊ
ahxbmtĊŪbb Ŝb èhstrĊbhĊrbb. AŜa èhjët, ao èhjmput sĊ bau bhtmrvburb mxajt pm ajmastĊ tmoĊ. O-aŜtmptao
sĊ adfu, Ŝb jebar ao adfat, oab ouftm. Ajmstm pmrslahm rbgbjasmrĊ prbhjbpbuf ‘mu èhsuob suht gm
acuhs" fa uh ju tltuf aft hbvmf. Hu glar mrau jlhŜtbmhŪb pm gmpfbh gm jloplrtaomhtmfm gm
ahmstmzbmrm admjtbvĊ Ŝb-Ŝb èhdruhtau molŪbbfm hmnatbvm. èh pfus, Ŝtbau sĊ bopuhĊ fbobtm èh vbmŪbfm flr.
Ao pus oab ouftm èhtrmkĊrb gmsprm afmnmrb Ŝb jloplrtaomhtm prbh jarm laomhbb jarm trĊbmsj gbh pfbh èŜb rmguj ahxbmtatma.
Astdmf, ao adfat jĊ slfuŪba flr mra sĊ Ŝtbm jët oab prmjbs plsbkbf jm putmau mb dajm Ŝb jm ahuom fm gmpĊŜma japajbtĊŪbfm, astdmf
èhjët sĊ spuhĊ, fa uh olomht gat, jĊ pmhtru mb ‘mstm gm acuhs". Řtbau dlartm kbhm jm mra boplrtaht pmhtru mb Ŝb fa jm putmau
sĊ rmhuhŪm.
èhtr-uh mxjmfmht gbsjurs gmsprm rmvlfuŪba mgujaŪbmb, susŪbhut fa jlhdmrbhŪmfm WMG gbh ;919, Zbr @mh [lkbhslh fm-a mxpfbjat
augbtlrbflr jĊ fuoma, gupĊ mf, sm èopartm èh gluĊ jatmnlrbb. Aplb s-a lprbt Ŝb a agĊunat, ju ouft uolr3 ‘Cmrmoy Kmhteao,
oarmfm dbflsld utbfbtarbst, a dlroufat ajmastĊ bgmm jëhgva. Mf spuhma3 «MxbstĊ gluĊ jatmnlrbb gm laomhb ‗ jmb jarm èopart
laomhbb èh gluĊ jatmnlrbb Ŝb jmb jarm hu daj asta°."
[lkbhslh a dĊjut l pauzĊ Ŝb a zëokbt. ‘Mb kbhm, mu daj asta". Ob-a pfĊjut jm-a spus, pmhtru jĊ mu, jmrjmtĊtlarm, suht
hmvlbtĊ sĊ èopart laomhbb èh jatmnlrbb. Gar, èhabhtm sĊ vlrkmsj gmsprm jmfm gluĊ nrupurb pm jarm fm-ao bgmhtbdbjat, vrmau
sĊ sukfbhbmz jĊ, gmŜb hu suht pmrdmjt gbdmrbtm, mxbstĊ l gbstbhjŪbm boplrtahtĊ èhtrm mfm. ZĊ vmgmo jarm mstm ajmasta.
Ju tlŪbb avmo prlkfmom gm ahxbmtatm. Ym gm aftĊ partm, mxbstĊ oab ouftm tbpurb gm ahxbmtatm, bar trĊbrbfm varbazĊ ja
bhtmhsbtatm. ]hmfm dlrom gm ahxbmtatm plt db asljbatm ju l vufhmrakbfbtatm kblflnbjĊ, bar jmf oab kuh trataomht rmprmzbhtĊ l
jlokbhaŪbm èhtrm omgbjaŪbm Ŝb tmrapbm. MxbstĊ aftm tufkurĊrb gm ahxbmtatm bhdfumhŪatm gm omgbu, asta èhsmohëhg jĊ uhbb
dajtlrb gm strms ajŪblhmazĊ èh olg jlhstaht Ŝb prmfuhnbt asupra hlastrĊ. Jm ob s-a pĊrut bhtmrmsaht mstm jĊ partbjbpahŪbb fa
jmrjmtĊrbfm omfm plt db èopĊrŪbŪb èh gluĊ nrupurb. Nrupuf A gmdbhma prlvljarma rmprmzmhtatĊ gm ahxbmtatm èh dmfuf uroĊtlr3
jautĊ uh olg gm a dajm daŪĊ ahxbmtĊŪbb Ŝb gm a-b gbobhua bhtmhsbtatma0 bar Nrupuf K gmdbhma prlkfmoa astdmf3 sjebokĊ
jloplrtaomhtmfm jarm guj fa ahxbmtatm. YartbjbpahŪbb gbh aokmfm nrupurb au gat mxmopfu
149
tmehlflnba gbh zbua gm astĊzb grmpt sursĊ gm ahxbmtatm, aŜa jĊ, plrhbhg gm abjb, putmo vmgma jët gm gbdmrbt sm raplrtmazĊ mb
fa asmgbuf zbfhbj rmprmzmhtat gm m-oabf -urb, apmfurb
-urb, apmfurb tmfmdlhbjm Ŝb omsacm-tmxt3
Nrupuf A3 ‘GupĊ jm-b puh pm jlpbb sĊ sm jufjm, èob daj uh bkrbj gm jadma, ja sĊ plt sĊ
rĊspuhg fa tlatm m-oabf -urbfm.
-urbfm.
Daj asta gm fa lra zmjm pëhĊ fa obmzuf hlpŪbb. GajĊ suht prma ouftm, oĊ trmzmsj fa 7 gbobhmaŪa Ŝb l bau gm fa
japĊt. Hu-ob pfajm sĊ oĊ guj fa smrvbjbu Ŝb sĊ Ŝtbu jĊ h-ao rĊspuhs fa tlatm m-oabf-ur]m prbobtm. Jebar gajĊ suht
mpubzatĊ, Ŝtbu j-ao tmrobhat ju mfm."
Nrupuf K3 ‘Yur Ŝb sbopfu, mu ao rmhuhŪat sĊ oab sjrbu m-oabf -urb

-urb jarm hu suht utbfm Ŝb fm- ao jmrut prbmtmhbflr Ŝb
jlfmnbflr sĊ prljmgmzm tlt aŜa. Gm asmomhma, èhjmrj sĊ-b lkbŜhubmsj pm jmb jarm-ob sjrbu jĊ trmkubm sĊ aŜtmptm
vrml trmb-patru zbfm, ja sĊ fm rĊspuhg. GajĊ m jmva boplrtaht, sĊ oĊ suhm. M oab kbhm gmjët sĊ-ob trbobtĊ omsacm-
tmxt sau m-oabf-urb. Yuhm oëha pm tmfmdlh Ŝb suhĊ-oĊ! Zau ‗ Ŝb oab kbhm ‗ trmjb pm fa obhm fa kbrlu."
Nrupuf A3 ‘OĊ dlflsmsj gm tbopbb olrŪb, jëhg aŜtmpt fa smoadlr, stau fa jlagĊ fa supmroar`mt sau oĊ urj èh fbdt,
ja sĊ vlrkmsj fa tmfmdlh. Ob-f puh suk pmrhĊ, jebar, èh jaz jĊ oĊ suhĊ jbhmva sau èob aguj aobhtm gm jmva
boplrtaht èh tlbuf hlpŪbb. LgatĊ, ao suhat- l pm asbstmhta oma fa lra 7 gbobhmaŪa, dbbhgjĊ ob-ao agus aobhtm jĊ
trmkuba sĊ agĊunĊo jmva fa l jlhtmstaŪbm pm jarm l prmnĊtmao pmhtru trbkuhaf. Ao dlst surprbhsĊ jĊ ob-a
rĊspuhs, gar ob-a aobhtbt jĊ-b spusmsmo sĊ-Ŝb ŪbhĊ tmfmdlhuf pm hlptbmrĊ. OĊ lgbehmsj Ŝb oĊ rmfaxmz glar gupĊ
jm tmrobh ju uh prljms. Gmvbza oma mstm3 ouhja m ouhjĊ, gbstrajŪba m gbstrajŪbm! Bar jëhg glro jëtmva lrm pm
hlaptm, oab ouftm zbfm fa rëhg, ob-m jebar uŜlr sĊ oĊ gbstrmz."
Nrupuf K3 ‘Řmduf, prbmtmhbb Ŝb daobfba oma Ŝtbu jĊ hu rĊspuhg fa tmfmdlh èhabhtm gm 2

gbobhmaŪa sau gupĊ 2 smara.

141
GajĊ
GajĊ aug
aug tmfmd
tmfmdlh
lhuf
uf suhëh
suhëhgg èh adara
adara ajms
ajmstu
tubb bhtm
bhtmrv
rvaf,
af, mstm
mstm lrb
lrb l nrmŜ
nrmŜmaf
mafĊ,
Ċ, lrb
lrb l urnm
urnmhŪ
hŪĊĊ ‗
uha agmvĊratĊ, jarm h-arm fmnĊturĊ ju smrvbjbuf."
YartbjbpahŪbb
YartbjbpahŪbb fa jmrjmtĊrb,
jmrjmtĊrb, jarm sm jlhdruhtau
jlhdruhtau ju jmfm oab
oab oarb gbdbjuftĊŪb
gbdbjuftĊŪb èh oatmrbm
oatmrbm gm
ahmstmzbmrm admjtbvĊ ‗ jmb
ahmstmzbmrm jmb gbh Nrupuf A ‗ ob-au spus jĊ, pmhtru mb, rmgujmrma ahxbmtĊŪbb
ahxbmtĊŪbb
èhsmaohĊ s-l ahmstmzbmzm, hu sĊ-Ŝb sjebokm olguf gm a nëhgb, jloplrtaomhtmfm sau molŪbbfm
jarm fm prlguj ahxbmtatma. Ob-a gbspfĊjut tltaf ajmastĊ partm a jmrjmtĊrbb. Ao jĊutat èhtltgmauha
sĊ adfu juo sĊ-ob nmstblhmz oab kbhm stĊrbfm gm lklsmafĊ Ŝb ahxbmtatm. Avmao hmvlbm gm uh acutlr
jlhjrmt, hu gm sdaturb Ŝb sunmstbb gmsprm juo ar db kbhm sĊ trĊbmsj. Yrlkfmoa oma mra èh lnfbhgĊ ju
jma a partbjbpahŪbflr jarm-ob vlrkmau gmsprm ahmstmzbmrma admjtbvĊ. èh nrupuf K, gm oab objb
gbomhsbuhb, partbjbpahŪbb atajau prlkfmoa fa rĊgĊjbhĊ, gujëhgu-Ŝb vbaŪa èh jlhdlrobtatm ju
prlprbbf m vaf lrb Ŝb stakbfb hgu-Ŝb fbobtm ‗ l asm omhma aklrga rm ms tm spm jbdbj Ċ jmf lr ja rm-Ŝb trĊbms j
vbaŪa gbh pfbh.
Jëhg b-ao èhtrmkat pm jmb gbh Nrupuf K juo stakbfmau ahuobtm fbobtm èh vbaŪa flr, pmhtru gbobhuarma ahxbmtĊŪbb, bomgbat mb
au dĊjut fmnĊtura èhtrm ajmstm fbobtm Ŝb smhtbomhtuf prlprbmb vaflrb. Ymhtru a putma spuhm ‘Gmstuf!", trmkubm sĊ jrmgmo ju
tĊrbm jĊ hlb èhŜbhm suhtmo gm acuhs. Dmombflr fm vbhm nrmu sĊ stakbfmasjĊ asmomhma fbobtm, dbbhgjĊ suht asaftatm bomgbat gm
spbrbguŜbb ruŜbhbb3 ‘Ab oarm nrbcĊ, gajĊ bhtmhŪblhmzb sĊ spub hu. èb vmb gmzaoĊnb pm tlŪb laomhbb ĊŜtba. Hu-b fĊsa gm bzkmfbŜtm.
Dbb datĊ kuhĊ. DĊ pm tlatĊ fuoma dmrbjbtĊ." Jët gmsprm kĊrkaŪb, spbrbguŜbb fm spuh3 ‘Dbb kĊrkat, jm habka! ]h kĊrkat agmvĊrat
platm rmzlfv a Ŝb jemstb a asta , Ŝb è hjĊ a ftm ouf tm pm gmasupr a. Hu juova kĊbatu ' fu' oaoa m prma lklsbt<"
Řtbo jĊ a èhgrĊzhb ju lrbjm prmŪ èhsmaohĊ

èhsmaohĊ sĊ-Ūb asuob prlprba vufhmrakbfbtatm, gar hu plŪb sĊ dajb
asta, jëhg mŜtb suk bopmrbuf ruŜbhbb. AjmfaŜb fujru m vafakbf Ŝb jëhg trĊbmŜtb uh smhtbomht gm
èhstrĊbharm prlvljat gm ahxbmtatm. Jmfm oab putmrhbjm fmnĊturb
14;
uoahm suht bukbrma Ŝb smhtbomhtuf gm a partmhmhŪĊ ‗ aokmfm suht hmvlb duhgaomhtafm afm kĊrkaŪbflr, dmombflr Ŝb jlpbbflr. Ym
oĊsurĊ jm rmafbzao bhtmrvburbfm, èob gĊgmao smaoa jĊ uh sbhnur fujru gbdmrmhŪbazĊ kĊrkaŪbb Ŝb dmombfm jarm trĊbmsj uh
smhtbomht prlduhg gm bukbrm Ŝb gm apartmhmhŪĊ, gm jmb jarm sm strĊgubmsj sĊ fm glkëhgmasjĊ. Fujruf ajmfa mstm jrmgbhŪa èh
prlprba vaflar m. M jmva dlartm sbopfu Ŝb jlo pfbjat, sboufta h3 gaj Ċ vrm o sĊ trĊbo l mxpm rbmhŪĊ gmpfbhĊ a bukb rbb Ŝb
apartmhmhŪmb, trmkubm sĊ jrmgmo, èh prbouf rëhg, jĊ suhtmo gmohb gm bukbrm Ŝb apartmhmhŪĊ. èhabhtm sĊ jlhtbhub gbsjuŪba
gmsprm ahmstmzbmrma admjtbvĊ Ŝb èhstrĊbharm, èhsĊ, vrmau sĊ bhtrlguj aftm gluĊ gmdbhbŪbb. Ahtmrblr, ao dlroufat l gmdbhbŪbm a
bukbrbb, èh jlhtbhuarm, vlb dlroufa gmdbhbŪba fmnĊturbb uoahm Ŝb a smhtbomhtufub gm apartmhmhŪĊ, plrhbhg gm fa gatmfm lkŪbhutm
èh stugbbfm omfm3
uoahĊ3 Mstm
FmnĊtura uoahĊ3 mhmrnba jarm sm jrmmazĊ èhtrm laomhb, atuhjb jëhg suht vĊzuŪb, auzbŪb Ŝb
vaflrbzaŪb0 atuhjb jëhg plt sĊ gma Ŝb sĊ prbomasjĊ, dĊrĊ sĊ dbm cugmjaŪb.
Zmhtbomhtuf gm apartmhmhŪĊ3 Mstm
gm apartmhmhŪĊ3 glrbhŪa èhhĊsjutĊ a laomhbflr gm a db partm gbh jmva oab oarm gmjët mb. DbbhgjĊ ajmastĊ
aspbraŪbm prlduhgĊ mstm atët gm duhgaomhtafĊ, gm ouftm lrb èhjmrjĊo s-l satbsdajmo prbh jlhdlrobso Ŝb jĊutëhg aprlkarma
jmflrfafŪb, jarm hu huoab jĊ hu èhfljubmsj èh olg satbsdĊjĊtlr smhtbomhtuf gm apartmhmhŪĊ, gar agmsma hm èopbmgbjĊ sĊ-f
lkŪbhmo. Asta, dbbhgjĊ apartmhmhŪa vmrbtakbfĊ sm haŜtm glar jëhg hm arĊtĊo jmflrfafŪb ju Ŝbhmfm hlstru jmf autmhtbj,
bopmrdmjt. ApartmhmhŪa hlastrĊ hu platm db oab prlduhgĊ gmjët hbvmfuf gm ajjmptarm gm sbhm pm jarm f-ao atbhs.
Ajmstm gmdbhbŪbb suht msmhŪbafm pmhtru a èhŪmfmnm juo hm-ao èhstrĊbhat Ŝb juo putmo sĊ hm
sjebokĊo. èh uftboĊ bhstahŪĊ, pmhtru a trĊb l vbaŪĊ pfbhĊ gm fmnĊturb smohbdbjatbvm, m hmjmsar sĊ
stakbfbo fbobtm, sĊ hu oab pbmrgmo tbop Ŝb mhmrnbm èhjmrjëhg sĊ hm bopuhmo èh daŪa uhlr laomhb
jarm hu jlhtmazĊ pmhtru

14:
hlb Ŝb sĊ èhŪmfmnmo jët gm boplrtaht mstm sĊ juftbvĊo rmfaŪbbfm ju daobfba Ŝb prbmtmhbb hlŜtrb
aprlpbaŪb.
èhabhtm sĊ èhtrmprbhg ajmastĊ jmrjmtarm, oĊ èhtrmkao gmsmlrb3 ‘Juo sĊ daj sĊ gbsparĊ jët oab rmpmgm plsbkbf ajmstm trĊbrb<"
Azb, oĊ èhtrmk3 ‘Jm-b ju trĊbrbfm astma Ŝb gm uhgm au apĊrut<" Bhvarbakbf, rĊspuhsuf mstm jĊ fmnĊtura ju Ztmvm Ŝb jlpbbb a
sfĊkbt gbh jauzĊ jĊ (plŪb sĊ afmnb lrbjm varbahtĊ gm rĊspuhs)3 hu ao glrobt gm acuhs lrb hu o-ao cujat gm acuhs, ao ouhjbt
prma ouft lr b ao èhjmrj at sĊ -ob as juhg v ufhmra kbfbtatm a. Z jebokar ma m stm jĊ Ŝtbu, ajuo, jĊ plt sĊ rm zlfv a jmstm prlkfmom .
Juo sĊ-Ūb erĊhmŜtb spbrbtuf Ŝb juo sĊ vmnemzb

fa kuhĊstarma sa
Oab rĊoëhm l uftboĊ èhtrmkarm ‗ uha pm jarm l aug agmsma. Laomhbb èhtrmakĊ gm ouftm lrb3 ‘Juo dajmo gbdmrmhŪa èhtrm
pfĊjmr m Ŝb jlhdlrt , pm gm-l partm, Ŝb ahmstmz bmrma admj tbvĊ, pm gm aftĊ partm< " Ja rĊspuh s, Cmhhbd mr Flugmh , autla rm Ŝb
bhstrujtlarm gm gmzvlftarm pmrslhafĊ, vlrkmŜtm gmsprm aŜa- huobtuf ‘jlhdlrt bfuzlrbu". Jëhg suhtmo ahxblŜb, èhstrĊbhaŪb,
vufhmrakbfb, sbhnurb Ŝb hm sboŪbo hmacutlraŪb, nĊsbo èh ouhjĊ, oëhjarm, kĊuturĊ Ŝb hmsdërŜbtmfm lrm pmtrmjutm pm Bhtmrhmt l
dlroĊ gm jlhdlrt, gar mfm, gm dapt, hm ldmrĊ glar l bfuzbm gm jlhdlrt.
èh jartma Lrnahbzatlruf vbmŪbb, Flugmh sjrbm3 ‘Jlhdlrtuf bfuzlrbu platm fua lrbjm dlroĊ. Boplrtaht hu mstm jm dajb0 gm jm dajb
jlhtmazĊ jmf oab ouft. YlŪb oëhja l kujatĊ gm jbljlfatĊ, ja Ŝb juo tm-ab èopĊrtĊŜb gbh jma oab savurlasĊ jbljlfatĊ gbh
jëtm mxbstĊ ‗ uh jlhdlrt rmaf ‗, sau plŪb èhdufmja l jbljlfatĊ èhtrmanĊ, dĊrĊ sĊ-b sboŪb nustuf, èhtr-l èhjmrjarm gbspmratĊ gm
a-Ūb pltlfb gurmrma bhtmrblarĊ
bhtmrblarĊ ‗ uh jlhdlrt bfuzlrbu. YlŪb gbsjuta pm jeat l l cuoĊtatm gm lrĊ Ŝb sĊ tm sboŪb rmvbnlrat gm
mhmrnba pm jarm Ūb-l trahsobt jmbfafŪb, aplb sĊ dbb nata sĊ tm èhtlrjb fa ouhjĊ, sau plŪb sta pm jeat, pmhtru jĊ, èh ajmst olg,
mvbŪb
sĊ stab gm vlrkĊ ju partmhmra ta gmsprm jët gm tarm tm-a mhmrvat ju l hlaptm èh uroĊ."
Ztugbbfm omfm o-au jlhgus fa ajmmaŜb jlhjfuzbm bhgbjatĊ gm Flugmh3 ‘Boplrtaht hu mstm jm dajb0 gm jm dajb jlhtmazĊ jmf
oab ouft". Jlhjfuzba hm bhvbtĊ sĊ rmdfmjtĊo asupra bhtmhŪbmb gbh spatmfm afmnmrbflr hlastrm Ŝb sĊ gbsjutĊo ajmstm prlkfmom
‗ gajĊ asta hm acu tĊ ‗ j u daobf ba, prbmtm hbb ap rlpbaŪb sau v rmuh s pmjba fbst. H u mxb stĊ hbj b l fb stĊ gm jrbtmr bb sau rmnufb,
jarm sĊ tm acutm sĊ bgmhtbdbjb jlhdlrtuf bfuzlrbu sau aftm jloplrtaomhtm gbstrujtbvm gm ahmstmzbmrm a admjtbvbtĊŪbb. Ymhtru
asta, m hmjmsar sĊ rmdfmjtmzb Ŝb sĊ tm mxaobhmzb pm tbhm èhsuŪb. Ym gmasupra, èŪb rmjloahg sĊ asjufŪb ju ouftĊ atmhŪbm gajĊ
pmrsla hm gr anb Ūbm èŪb spu h jĊ suht èh nrbclra tm gm ahuobtm jloplrt aomhtm afm t afm. Fa ur oa uro mb, a jmstm èhtrmkĊ rb
gmpĊŜmsj jmma jm Ŝtbo Ŝb jm sboŪbo ‗ mfm au fmnĊturĊ ju spbrbtuf hlstru. Larm afmnmrbfm omfm èob erĊhmsj Ŝb rmjlhdlrtmazĊ
spbrbtuf lrb suht huoab hbŜtm obcflajm gm a-ob ahufa, tmoplrar, vufhmrakbfbtatma Ŝb molŪbbfm gbdbjbfm Ŝb jarm-ob vlr sfĊkb, èh jmfm
gbh uroĊ, spbrbtuf< Ajmstm afmnmrb oĊ vlr dajm sĊ-ob trĊbmsj vbaŪa gbh pfbh sau vlr jrma uh nlf èh obhm, pm jarm vlb jĊuta omrmu
sĊ-f uopfu ju jmva<
Ymhtru obhm, a sta fa l oasĊ èokmfŜunatĊ mstm jmva pfĊjut Ŝb erĊhbtlr. Jëhg oĊhëhj stëhg èh
pbjbla rm, è h daŪa drbnbgm rufub sau a jĊoĊr bb, m uh smo haf gm afaroĊ . ZĊ oĊ rmf axmz, prbvbhg fa uha
gbhtrm mobsbuhbfm prmdmratm gm fa WT, mstm l pfĊjmrm, èhsĊ, gajĊ kutlhmz èh hmŜtbrm l lrĊ èhtrmanĊ,
èhsmaohĊ jĊ-ob ahmstmzbmz admjtbvbtatma.
Jëhg hm nëhgbo fa oĊsura èh jarm hm erĊhbo sau hm sfĊkbo spbrbtuf, trmkubm sĊ fuĊo èh jlhsbgmrarm Ŝb olguf èh jarm
jloplrtaomhtmfm hlastrm gm ahmstmzbmrm admjtbvĊ èb admjtmazĊ pm jmb gbh curuf hlstru ‗ jebar Ŝb pm strĊbhb. èh uroĊ ju glb
ahb, ao sjrbs pmhtru zbaruf Elustlh Jerlhbjfm uh artbjlf gmsprm tmfmdlahmfm jmfufarm Ŝb èhstrĊbharm, gupĊ jm ao vĊzut
agmsmlrb
aroura Èopltrbva vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb

jĊ stbfuf hlstru gm vbaŪĊ, ebpmrajtbv Ŝb afbomhtat gm ahxbmtatm, èb admjtmazĊ pm jmbfafŪb. WmoĊ gm
nëhgbrm3
ZĊptĊoëha trmjutĊ, mrao fa oahbjeburbstĊ Ŝb èhjmrjao sĊ oĊ kujur gm tbopuf pmtrmjut ajlfl. èh daŪa oma, gluĊ
dmomb au vlrkbt fa tmfmdlh èhtruha, jëtĊ vrmom fb s-au dĊjut uhnebbfm, jmma jm ob s-a pĊrut èhnrlzbtlr! Jëhg mrau
hmvlbtm sĊ-b gma bhgbjaŪbb oahbjeburbstmb gmsprm fuhnboma uhnebbflr Ŝb lcĊ, obŜjau gbh jap, rbgbjau gbh sprëhjmhm
sau arĊtau ju gmnmtuf.
Yur Ŝb sbopfu, hu-ob vmhma sĊ jrmg!
Mu èob daj uhnebbfm fa ajmfaŜb saflh gm oahbjeburĊ gm zmjm ahb. Řtbu juo fm jemaoĊ pm aoëhgluĊ
oahbjeburbstmfm (huomfm flr rmafm, vbmthaomzm), juo èb jemaoĊ pm jlpbbb flr Ŝb ouftm plvmŜtb gmsprm trmjutuf flr.
YëhĊ fa uroĊ, ao dĊjut l rmoarjĊ gmsprm jmfm gluĊ jfbmhtm jarm vlrkmau èhtruha fa tmfmdlh, bar oahbjeburbstmfm
Ŝb-au dmrbt prbvbrma. Aplb, èh ŜlaptĊ, uha gbhtrm mfm ob-a spus3 ‘Hbjb hu-Ŝb gau smaoa. Jmfm oab ouftm asmomhma
jfbmhtm hu sm nëhgmsj jĊ suhtmo Ŝb hlb laomhb."
èh gruo sprm jasĊ, o-ao lprbt fa Karhms & Hlkfm, sĊ-ob juopĊr l rmvbstĊ. Dmomba gbh daŪa oma a juopĊrat gluĊ
jĊrŪb, a jlopfmtat uh taflh pmhtru uh hlu jërg gm omokru Ŝb a jmrut sĊ b sm èopajemtmzm uha gbhtrm jĊrŪb, dĊrĊ sĊ
èhjmtmzm l jfbpĊ sĊ vlrkmasjĊ fa tmfmdlh. Ka oab ouft, èh tlt ajmst tbop hu b s-a agrmsat gbrmjt Ŝb h-a prbvbt-l hbjb
oĊjar l gatĊ pm tëhĊra vëhzĊtlarm gbh daŪa mb. Yrbh jmma jm a dĊjut, h-a rmjuhlsjut jĊ gbhabhtma mb sm adfa l dbbhŪĊ
lomhmasjĊ.
GupĊ jm ao bmŜbt gm fa Karhms & Hlkfm, ao bhtrat ju oaŜbha pm afmma uhub rmstauraht
dastdllg, ja
sĊ-ob bau uh Gr. Ymppmr gbmtmtbj. Jebar jëhg sĊ lprmsj oaŜbha èh daŪa
nmaoufub, a èhjmput sĊ suhm tmfmdlhuf. H-ao rmjuhlsjut
huoĊruf, gar kĊhubao jĊ mra gm fa Ŝjlafa fub Jearfbm, aŜa j-ao rĊspuhs. Hu mra gm fa ŜjlafĊ ‗ mra jbhmva jarm
vlba sĊ-b jlhdbro l èhtëfhbrm. Ao èhjembat jlhvlrkbrma jët gm rmpmgm ao putut.
èh jmfm jëtmva smjuhgm, jët ob-a fuat ja sĊ rĊspuhg3 ‘Ga, vlb acuhnm fa èhtëfhbrm", ao
apujat sĊ gau jloahga, sĊ pfĊtmsj Ŝb sĊ prbomsj sujuf. Bomgbat jm ao tmrobhat
jlhvlrkbrma, ob-ao jmrut sjuzm gm fa ahnacata/«sdllg-ufub. B-ao spus3 ‘èob jmr obb gm
sjuzm, tmfmdlhuf a suhat jebar atuhjb jëhg ao lprbt èh daŪa nmaoufub Ŝb ao jrmzut jĊ oĊ
suhĊ gm fa Ŝjlafa dbufub omu".
Yrlkakbf
Yrlkakbf j-a dlst dlartm surprbhsĊ,
surprbhsĊ, dbbhgjĊ
dbbhgjĊ ob-a rĊspuhs,
rĊspuhs, ju ljebb gmca pfbhb gm fajrbob3
fajrbob3 ‘TĊ oufŪuomsj.
oufŪuomsj.
OufŪuomsj gbh sudfmt. Hbjb hu ŜtbŪb jët gm uobfbtlr mstm, jëtmlgatĊ. ]hbb jfbmhŪb hbjb hu sm ubtĊ fa hlb."
Ao èhŪmfms-l pmrdmjt. Řtbu gbh prlprba oma mxpmrbmhŪĊ jm èhsmaohĊ sĊ dbb uh ahnacat af bhgustrbmb smrvbjbbflr, tratat
gm uhbb, ja Ŝb juo ab db bhvbzbkbf. ]hmlrb, m dlartm hmpfĊjut. Ja sĊ oĊ èhtrmŪbh, èh fbjmu Ŝb èh dajuftatm, ao fujrat ja
karoahb ŪĊ Ŝb jemfhm rbŪĊ. Fujra o èhtr-uh rmstau raht dlart m grĊnuŪ gbh aprlpbm rm gm jaopus, uh flj prmdm rat gm
èhtëfhbrm pmhtru stugmhŪbb ju kahb Ŝb pĊrbhŪbb flr (jarm vmhmau sĊ-Ŝb vbzbtmzm lgrasfmfm fa sdërŜbt gm sĊptĊoëhĊ Ŝb fm
dĊjmau jbhstm ju l jbhĊ èh lraŜ). Mrao trmjutĊ kbhm gm gluĊzmjb gm ahb Ŝb oĊ runao sĊ- ob bau fbjmhŪa èhabhtm sĊ
èopfbhmsj trmbzmjb.
Atuhjb jëhg jfbmhŪbb mrau plfbtbjlŜb Ŝb rmspmjtulŜb, tltuf mra èh rmnufĊ, gar oĊ èhtrbstao
tmrbkbf, jëhg mrao tratatĊ ja uh lkbmjt. Gbh hmdmrbjbrm, asmomhma sbtuaŪbb suht dlartm
lkbŜhubtm èh zbua gm azb.
TĊg laomhb èh tlatĊ dbrma, jarm hbjb oĊjar hu sm ubtĊ fa jemfhmrb, atuhjb jëhg vlrkmsj ju mb. TĊg pĊrbhŪb jarm fm
pmrobt jlpbbf lr sĊ fm vlr kmasjĊ gm su s vëhz Ċtlrbf lr. èb v Ċg pm uhbb jĊ zkbarĊ fa rm jmpŪbl hbŜtb, aplb vlrkms j ju jmf
oab oarm rmspmjt ju Ŝmdbb flr, ju gljtlrbb sau kahjemrbb.

14>
Řb oab vĊg juo hatura bhsbgblasĊ a gbdmrmhŪmflr gm rasĊ, gm jfasĊ Ŝb gm prbvbfmnbb sljbafm sm
oahbdmstĊ èhtr-uhuf gbhtrm jmfm oab gĊuhĊtlarm olgurb ju putbhŪĊ, gbh puhjt gm vmgmrm
bstlrbj ‗ rmfaŪba gbhtrm stĊpëh Ŝb smrvbtlr.
OufŪb ar vrma sĊ Ŝtbm juo s-a acuhs ja rmfaŪbbfm ju pukfbjuf sĊ sm gmnragmzm atët gm ouft, Ŝb
asta prajtbj pmstm hlaptm. Mu vrmau sĊ Ŝtbu gm jm jloplrtaomhtuf jlhsuoatlrufub
jlhsuoatlrufub s-a
s-a
gmnragat atët gm ouft, pmstm hlaptm.
Jëhg èb tratĊo pm jmbfafŪb laomhb ja pm hbŜtm lkbmjtm, èb gmzuoahbzĊo. Jmma jm dajmo arm jlhsmjbhŪm nrlazhbjm
asupra sudfmtmflr flr Ŝb, jlhjlobtmht, asupra aflr hlastrm. Oartbh Kukmr, uh dbflsld gm lrbnbhm austrbajĊ, a sjrbs
gmsprm gbdmrmhŪa gbhtrm rmfaŪba mu/tu Ŝb rmfaŪba mu/ajmfa. L rmfaŪbm mu/ajmfa sm jrmmazĊ, atuhjb jëhg bhtmrajŪblhĊo ju
laomhb pm jarm-b tratĊo ja pm hbŜtm lkbmjtm ‗ laomhb gm fa jarm hu aŜtmptĊo hbobj aftjmva, gmjët sĊ hm smrvmasjĊ
lrb sĊ èhgmpfbhmasjĊ l sarjbhĊ. [mfaŪbbfm mu/tu suht jmfm jarajtmrbzatm gm l fmnĊturĊ prlduhgĊ Ŝb mopatbm.
Oartbh Kukmr sjrbm3 ‘Atuhjb jëhg glb laomhb rmfaŪbl- hmazĊ èh olg autmhtbj Ŝb uoah,
Guohmzmu mstm jurmhtuf mfmjtrbj jarm èhjmpm sĊ jbrjufm èhtrm mb".
GupĊ jm ob-ao pmtrmjut uh gmjmhbu stugbbhg smhtbomhtuf gm apartmhmhŪĊ, autmhtbjbtatma Ŝb

ruŜbhma, plt sĊ spuh, ju jmrtbtugbhm, jĊ avmo l hmvlbm èhhĊsjutĊ gm a stakbfb fmnĊturb
prlduh gm ju jmbfaf Ūb laom hb ‗ fa hbvmfu rbfm m olŪblha f, dbz bj Ŝb spbrbtu af.
Hu vrm au sĊ sunmr mz j- ar tr mkub s Ċ sta kbfbo v rml fm nĊturĊ prlduh gĊ ju dmomba gm sm rvbjbu
sau ju jmf sau jma jarm hm smrvmŜtm fa uh dastdllg, jb spuh j-ar db kbhm sĊ hu oab
gmzuoahbzĊo laomhbb Ŝb sĊ èhjmpmo sĊ-b prbvbo èh ljeb, atuhjb jëhg vlrkbo ju mb.
GajĊ hu avmo sudbjbmht tbop Ŝb mhmrnbm, ja sĊ dajmo asta, oab kbhm ar db stĊo ajasĊ.
145
Zpbrbtuafbtatma ‗ jmrjmtĊrbfm aratĊ ‗ mstm uh rmpmr boplrtaht af uhmb vbmŪb trĊbtm gbh pfbh. Hu
rmfbnblzbtatma, jb jlhvbhnmrma prlduhgĊ jĊ mxbstĊ l dlrŪĊ oab oarm gmjët hlb èhŜbhm, jarm hm uhmŜtm
‗ l dl rŪĊ èh tmombat Ċ pm bukbrm Ŝb jlo pasbuhm . Ym htru uhbb, a jmastĊ dlrŪĊ mstm G uohmzm u, pm htru
afŪbb m hatura, arta sau jebar jmfm oab prlduhgm sboŪĊobhtm jĊrlra fm gĊ haŜtmrm sudfmtuf lomhmsj.
JlhŜtbbhŪa prlprbmb vaflrb arm fmnĊturĊ, èh lpbhba oma, ju rmjuhlaŜtmrma jarajtmrufub sajru af
loufub ja dbbhŪĊ. Ylatm jĊ asuoarma prlprbmb vufhmrakbfbtĊŪb Ŝb rmhuhŪarma fa stratmnbbfm gm
ahmstmzbmrm admjtbvĊ hu suht hbobj aftjmva gmjët mxprmsbb afm prmljupĊrbb gm a hm erĊhb spbrbtuf Ŝb a
vmnema fa kuhĊstarma sa.
[adturb oab puŪbh dlflsbtm gbh arourĊrbm
YëhĊ ajuo, glar ao jrĊpat puŪbh uŜa gm fa arourĊrbm, zĊrbhg, astdmf, l partm gbh arsmhafuf lkbŜhubt
dlflsbt gm aprlapm tlatĊ fuoma, pmhtru a sm jlhdruhta ju prlprba vufhmrakbfbtatm. Ao vĊzut jĊ
kujurba rĊu-p rmvmst btlarm , pmr dmjŪbl hbsouf Ŝ b ahm stmzbm rma a dmjtb vbtĊŪbb suht tr mb gb htrm jmfm oab
dlflsbtm obcflajm gm prltmjŪbm ‗ jmma jm s-ar putma huob ‘jatmnlrbb oaclrm gm apĊrarm". èh uftboa
partm a ajm stub j apbtlf, vrmau sĊ mx pflrmz pm sju rt ra dturbfm oab pu Ūbh dl flsbtm gbh ar ourĊrb m, uhg m
suht pĊstratm aftm jëtmva oĊŜtb Ŝb pbmsm jarm jlhstbtubm sukjatmnlrbb gm apĊrarm. Jmb oab oufŪb gbhtrm
hlb vlr rmjuhlaŜtm, prlkakbf, uhuf sau oab ouftm gbhtrm ajmstm omjahbsom gm apĊrarm lrb, jmf puŪbh,
vlo vmgma dranomhtm obhusjufm gbh hlb èhŜbhm, rmdfmjtatm gm ajmstm supradmŪm fustrubtm èh mxjms,
èhtr-uh olg jarm va agëhjb juhlaŜtmrma gm sbhm.
L stratmnbm gm apĊrarm3
atbtugbhma ‘mŜtb lrb vbjtboĊ, lrb
èhvbhn
èhv bhnĊtl
Ċtlr"
r"
Ao bgmhtbdbjat ajmastĊ stratmnbm gm apĊrarm, atuhjb jëhg uh huoĊr smohbdbjatbv gm partbjbpahŪb fa
bhtmrvburbfm gm nrup au

142
gmjfarat jĊ flr hu fm dlflsma fa hbobj vufhmrakbfbtatma. [Ċspuhsurbfm flr fa bgmma jĊ vufhmrakbfbtatma ar putma db jmva dlartm
boplrtaht pmhtru dbmjarm gbhtrm hlb mrau gbsprmŪubtlarm, gmdmhsbvm sau lstbfm. Jmma jm a rmbmŜbt gbh ajmstm bhtmrvburb a dlst l
boanbhm asupra fuobb, pltrbvbt jĊrmba laomhbb sm èopart èh gluĊ tbpurb ‗ aŜa juo jrmgmo Ŝb mu, Ŝb Zbr @mh [lkbhslh, ga3
mŜtb dbm vbjtboĊ, dbm èhvbhnĊtlr.
Zprm gmlsmkbrm gm uhbb partbjbpahŪb jarm, gbh puhjt gm vmgmrm bhtmfmjtuaf sau tmlrmtbj, hu ajjmptau jlhjmptuf gm
vufhmrakbfbtatm, jmb fa jarm oĊ rmdmr èh ajmastĊ smjŪbuhm avmau èh jlouh jlhvbhnmrma jĊ tlŪb laomhbb, dĊrĊ mxjmpŪbm, daj
partm gbh uhuf sau aftuf gbhtrm jmfm gluĊ nrupurb mxjfus bvm3 mŜtb dbm l vbjtboĊ , uh drabmr sau uh ratat, gm jarm prldbt Ċ
jmbfafŪb Ŝb jarm hu mstm èh starm sĊ sm gmsjurjm sbhnur, dbm uh èhvbhnĊtlr ‗ jbhmva jarm jlhsbgmrĊ jĊ pmrbjlfuf gm a gmvmhb l
vbjtboĊ m jlhstaht, aŜa jĊ trmkubm sĊ gmŪbhĊ jlhtrlfuf, sĊ-b globhm pm jmbfafŪb, sĊ-Ŝb mxmrjbtm putmrma èhtr-l sbtuaŪbm sau afta
Ŝb sĊ hu oahbdmstm hbjb uh smoh gm vufhmrakbfbtatm.
èh tbop jm prmfujrao gatmfm lkŪbhutm gbh ajmfm bhtmrvburb, oĊ tlt nëhgmao fa uh japbtlf gmsprm Gmrrbga gbh gbsmrtaŪba oma,
pm tmo a lplz bŪbbflr kbharm (tmrom hb jlr mfatbvb jarm au uh smhs l pus). GmŜb r msplhgm hŪbb hu dlflsma u ju tlŪbb a jmfma Ŝb
mxmopfm, gbh olguf èh jarm gmsjrbau pmrspmjtbva flr asupra fuobb s-a gmsprbhs uh tbpar smohbdbjatbv, dlroat gbh pmrmjeb gm
tmromhb lpuŜb3 èhvbhnĊtlr sau èhvbhs, supravbmŪubmŜtb sau olrb, ujbzb sau olrb, putmrhbj sau sfak, fbgmr sau agmpt, sujjms sau
mŜmj, gbstrunm sau mŜtb gbstrus. Bar èh jaz jĊ mxmopfmfm ajmstma hu suht sudbjbmht gm jfarm, batĊ gmvbza uhub avljat gm oarm
sujjms, pfbh gm gmtmrobharm3 ‘Fuoma sm èopartm èh tbjĊflŜb Ŝb drabmrb. Wu afmnb jm vrmb sĊ dbb."
Hu m dlartm jfar jarm mstm lrbnbhm a aj mstmb jlhjmpŪ bb gm vbaŪĊ, ‘vbjtbo Ċ sau èhvbhnĊ tlr" ‗ jmb oa b
oufŪb ob-au spus jĊ arm fmnĊturĊ ju vaflrbfm èhvĊŪatm èh jlpbfĊrbm, ju daptuf jĊ avusmsmrĊ
partm gm l vbaŪĊ gurĊ, sau j u prmn Ċtbrma flr p rldmsb lhafĊ. A plb, oa clrbtat ma jm flr gb h ajm f nru p mra u kĊr kaŪb. Mra j uova
dbrmsj jĊ mxbsta l asmomhma gbdmrmhŪbmrm èh duhjŪbm gm smx, èhtrujët oufŪb kĊrkaŪb, jebar Ŝb jmb jarm hu rmjurn fa l asmomhma
stratmnbm gm apĊrarm, ob-au vlrkbt gmsprm daptuf jĊ dusmsmrĊ mgujaŪb èh spbrbtuf uhmb astdmf gm jlhvbhnmrb. Řb sĊ hu ubtĊo jĊ
glrbhŪa gm a globha Ŝb a gmŪbhm putmrma Ŝb jlhtrlfuf asupra dmombflr dajm partm gbh fbsta gm atrbkutm afm oasjufbhbtĊŪbb, gmsprm
jarm ao gbsjutat èh japbtlfuf :.
Ym fëhnĊ sljbafbzarm Ŝb mxpmrbmhŪmfm gm vbaŪĊ, ouftm gbhtrm ajmfm pmrslahm dbm fujrmazĊ, dbm au fujrat èh omgbb prldmsblhafm
jarm fm-au èhtĊrbt omhtafbtatma gm ‘vbjtboĊ sau èhvbhnĊtlr". M vlrka gmsprm dlŜtb obfbtarb, dmomb Ŝb kĊrkaŪb, vmtmrahb, ldbŪmrb
gm prl- kaŪbuhm Ŝb aftm jagrm gbh glomhbuf plfbŪbmb sau pmrslahm gbh glomhbb gm èhaftĊ pmrdlroahŪĊ, jarajtmrbzatm prbhtr-l
jlopmtbŪbm ajmrkĊ, prmjuo jmfm curbgbj, dbhahjbar sau tmehlflnbj. Hu Ŝtbu gajĊ ajmŜtba jĊutasmrĊ jarbmrm jarm sĊ dbm
pltrbvbt m j u om htafbta tma flr jlopmt btbvĊ, sau gajĊ mxpmrbm hŪmfm gm fa f ljuf gm ouhjĊ fm o lgmfas mrĊ sbstmom fm gm v aflrb.
BhtubŪba èob spuhm jĊ oaclrbtatma dĊjmau partm gbh prboa jatmnlrbm, gar, gupĊ gatmfm pm jarm fm ao, hu plt gmjët sĊ
spmjufmz. Mstm uhuf gbhtrm fujrurbfm pm jarm fm stugbmz èh prmzmht.
L prlkfmoĊ jarm a dĊjut ja ajmstm bhtmrvburb sĊ dbm prbhtrm jmfm oab gbdbjbfm a dlst lhmstbtatma ju jarm partbjbpahŪbb ob-
au vlrkbt gmsprm prlkfmomfm gbh vbaŪa flr ‗ gbvlrŪ, jloplrtaomhtm ju uh rbsj rbgbjat, èhstrĊbharm, sbhnurĊtatm,
gmpmhgmhŪĊ, durbm, mpubzarm. èhsĊ, èh flj sĊ vagĊ ajmstm jloplrtaomhtm Ŝb rmzuftatmfm flr hmnatbvm ja pm hbŜtm
jlhsmjbhŪm afm jlhjmpŪbmb flr gmsprm vbaŪĊ, mb fm pmrjmpmau, oab gmnrakĊ, ja pm hbŜtm glvmzb jĊ vbaŪa mstm, èhtr-agmvĊr,
gurĊ.
Jëhg oĊ ubt fa statbstbjbfm mxbstmhtm èh prldmsbbfm èh jarm vufhmrakbfbtatma hu m tlfmratĊ, jlhstat

dlroarma uhub tbpar pmrbjufls. Ajmst fujru sm platm vmgma dlartm kbhm èh aroatĊ. Ztatbstbjbfm

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sbhujbgmrbflr rmfaŪblhatm ju strmsuf plst-trauoatbj, afm jazurbflr gm vblfmhŪĊ, agbjŪbm Ŝb gmpmhgmhŪĊ

gm rbsj bhgbjĊ uh agmvĊr tufkurĊtlr3 pmhtru slfgaŪbb jarm au fuptat èh Adnahbstah Ŝb Bra`, vmhbrma
ajasĊ mstm ouft oab pmrbjuflasĊ gmjët sĊ fuptm pm drlht. Gm fa ljuparma Adnahbstahufub pëhĊ èh
vara fub ;992, aroata aomrbjahĊ a pbmrgut >41 gm slfgaŪb èh fuptĊ, èh ajmastĊ ŪarĊ. Yrbh jloparaŪbm,
èh ajmmaŜb pmrblagĊ, s-au sbhujbs 51> slfgaŪb, dĊrĊ a oab puhm fa sljltmafĊ gmjmsmfm gatlratm
vblfmhŪmb, jloplrtaomhtmflr ju bhgbjm rbgbjat gm dbsj Ŝb gmpmhgmhŪmb.
Jrabn Kryah, uh psbelfln mxpmrt èh sbhujbgmrb, jarm a stugbat fa ]hbvmrsbtatma statufub Wmxas Ŝb a
fujrat pëhĊ rmjmht èh DlrŪmfm Amrbmhm, a gmjfarat, pmhtru sĊptĊoëhafuf Wbom, jĊ aroata sm adfĊ èhtr-
l sbtuaŪbm paraglxafĊ3 ‘Hm ahtrmhĊo slfgaŪbb ja sĊ utbfbzmzm l vblfmhŪĊ Ŝb l anrmsbvbtatm jlhtrlfatm,
sĊ-Ŝb rmprbom rmajŪbbfm molŪblhafm putmrhbjm èh daŪa agvmrsarufub, sĊ suplrtm gurmrma dbzbjĊ Ŝb
molŪblhafĊ Ŝb sĊ-Ŝb gmpĊŜmasjĊ drbja gm rĊhbrm Ŝb olartm. Ajmstm jafbtĊŪb suht asljbatm, èhsĊ, uhub
rbsj splrbt gm sbhujbgmrm." Kryah a oab mxpfbjat jĊ aroata hu platm rmgujm bhtmhsbtatma ajmstub tbp
gm jlhgbŪblharm, ‘dĊrĊ sĊ admjtmzm hmnatbv japajbtatma gm fuptĊ a obfbtarbflr hlŜtrb". èh ajmfaŜb
bhtmrvbu, a dlroufat dlartm prmjbs pmrbjlfuf fa jarm suht mxpuŜb jmb gbh aroatĊ, jarm prbvmsj fuoma
prbh f mhtbfmf m jlh vbhnmrb b ‘mŜt b dbm vbjtboĊ, dbm èhvbhnĊt lr"3 ‘ Zm pla tm spuh m jĊ , gat lrbtĊ
ahtrmhaomhtufub spmjbdbj prbh jarm trmj, obfbtarbb hlŜtrb gmvbh oab japakbfb sĊ sm ujbgĊ pm mb èhŜbŜb".
Yrlkfmoa m dlartm nravĊ èh rëhgurbfm obfbtarbflr, gar, gajĊ hm ubtĊo fa statbstbjbfm rmdmrbtlarm fa
sĊhĊtatma dbzbjĊ Ŝb omhtafĊ a ldbŪmrbflr gm plfbŪbm, hm èhtëfhbo ju ajmmaŜb sbtuaŪbm.
AjmfaŜb fujru mstm vafakbf pmhtru lrnahbzaŪbb, èh nmhmraf. Jëhg jbhmva jlhgujm, prmgĊ sau prmgbjĊ
prbh pr bsoa j lhvbhnm rbb ‘m Ŝtb dbm vbjtboĊ , dbm èhvbhnĊ tlr", strbvmŜ tm èhj rmgmrm a, b hlvaŪba ,
jrmatbvbtatma Ŝb japajbtatma gm agaptarm fa hlu a laomhbflr. GajĊ dajmo akstrajŪbm gm arom,
gmsjlpmrbo, fa jlrplratbŜtbb
1>;
aomrbjahb, prlkfmom sbobfarm jmflr ju jarm sm jlhdruhtĊ plfbŪbŜtbb Ŝb slfgaŪbb gbh Adnahbstah. èh rëhgurbfm avljaŪbflr ‗ jmb
oab oufŪb, mgujaŪb èh spbrbtuf fub ‘jëŜtbnb sa u pbmrzb", ‘mŜtb dbm uh èhvbhnĊtlr, dbm uh èhvbhs" ‗ statbstbjbfm hu ar atĊ ju ouft
oab kbhm. AsljbaŪba Karlurbflr Aomrbjahm gmjfarĊ jĊ rata sbhujbgmrbflr mstm gm patru lrb oab oarm prbhtrm avljaŪb, gmjët èh
nmhmraf èh rëhgurbfm plpufaŪbmb.
èhtr-uh artbjlf pukfbjat èh Aomrbjah Kar Assljbatblh Clurhaf ([mvbsta asljbaŪbbflr karlurbflr aomrbjahm), sm aratĊ jĊ
spmjbafbŜtbb pm prlkfmomfm gmprmsbmb Ŝb gmpmhgmhŪmb gm grlnurb èh rëhgurbfm avljaŪbflr atrbkubm rata jrmsjutĊ gm sbhujbgmrb
prbhtrm ajmŜtb a pmr dmjŪbl hbsoufub Ŝb hmv lbb av ljaŪbfl r gm a db anrmsb vb Ŝb gmtaŜa Ūb molŪ blhaf. A jmastĊ omhtaf btatm èŜb pla tm
dajm sboŪbtm mdmjtmfm Ŝb èh vbaŪa hlastrĊ, jma gm zb ju zb. Atuhjb jëhg èb èhvĊŪĊo pm jlpbbb hlŜtrb sau fm arĊtĊo jĊ
vufhmrakbfbtatma m pmrbjuflasĊ Ŝb trmkubm rmprboatĊ, èb prmgbspuhmo fa èhstrĊbharm Ŝb aftm pmrbjlfm.
Omtlga gm apĊrarm ‘mŜtb dbm vbjtboĊ, dbm èhvbhnĊtlr" hu pmrpmtumazĊ glar jloplrtaomhtm gm globharm, jlhtrlf Ŝb mxmrjbtarm
a putmrbb asupra uhlr pmrslahm jarm sm jlhsbgmrĊ, Ŝb mfm, tlt ‘èhvbhnĊtlarm", jb omhŪbhm Ŝb smhtbomhtuf gm a db l vbjtboĊ af
uhlr laomhb jarm au omrmu smhtbomhtuf jĊ suht trataŪb bhjlrmjt sau jrbtbjaŪb. Ylrhbhg gm fa ajmastĊ pmrspmjtbvĊ asupra vbmŪbb,
hu mxbstĊ gmjët gluĊ plsbkbfm plzbŪbb, pm jarm jbhmva fm platm ljupa èh strujtura sljbafĊ ‗ gm putmrm lrb gm fbpsĊ gm putmrm.
OufŪb gbhtrm jmb bhtmrvbmvaŪb au afms sĊ dbm vbjtbom glar pmhtru jĊ fm gbspfĊjma prlduhg jmma jm mb jrmgmau jĊ mstm sbhnura
slfuŪbm ‗ sĊ dbm èhvbhnĊtlrb. Jëhg èŪb rmgujb lpŪbuhbfm gm vbaŪĊ fa jëtmva rlfurb mxtrmom, atët gm fbobtatm, Ŝahsmfm uhmb
sjebokĊrb smohbdbjatbvm èh kbhm suht rmgusm.
BatĊ gm jm pmrslahmfm jarm au l asmomhma pmrspmjtbvĊ asupra vbmŪbb par sĊ dbm prbhsm èhtr-uh dmf gm japjahĊ, jma a uhmb vbmŪb
gbspmratm, fbpsbtm gm lrbzlht.

T]FHM[AKBFBWċūBB 1>:
èhgrĊz
èhg rĊzhm
hmŜtm
Ŝtm ju lrbjm
lrb jm prmŪ
prm Ū oab èhsma
èhs maohĊ
ohĊ33
rmgmdbhbrma sujjmsufub, ajjmptarma
vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb Ŝb jĊutarma uhub sprbcbh èh
jmbfafŪb
Ymhtru a èhŪmfmnm èh jm dmf uhbb gbhtrm partbjbpahŪbb fa jmrjmtĊrb au rmuŜbt sĊ trmajĊ gm fa olguf gm a nëhgb ‘mŜtb dbm vbjtboĊ,
dbm èhvbhnĊtlr'* fa asuoarma vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb, trmkubm dĊjutĊ l gbdmrmhŪĊ jfarĊ èhtrm jmb jarm au glkëhgbt ajmst sbstmo gm
jlhvbhnmrb èh uroa uhmb mxpmrbmhŪm hlroafm gm vbaŪĊ Ŝb jmb jarm f-au glkëhgbt èh uroa uhmb trauom. èh dbhaf, èhtrmkarma jarm
jlhtmstĊ èh olg mvbgmht ajmst sbstmo gm jlhvbhnmrb, bhgbdmrmht gmsprm jm nrup m vlrka, mstm3 juo gmdbhmŜtb sujjmsuf<
JlhstatĊo jĊ aŜa-huobŪbb ‘èhvbhnĊtlrb** hu èhgmpfbhmsj hbjb uhuf gbhtrm jrbtmrbbfm sujjmsufub rmjuhlsjutm gm oaclrbtatma
laomhbflr. A supravbmŪub
supravbmŪub lrb a jëŜtbna èhsmaohĊ sujjms glar jëhg mŜtb bopfbjat èhtr-l jlopmtbŪbm, l fuptĊ sau l trauoĊ, gar
hu Ŝb jëhg mstm èhgmpĊrtat jarajtmruf bomgbat af aomhbhŪĊrbb. A supravbmŪub hu
hu èhsmaohĊ sĊ trĊbmŜtb. AŜa juo ao oab spus,
bukbrma Ŝb smhtbomhtuf gm apartmhmhŪĊ suht hmvlb duhgaomhtafm afm kĊrkaŪbflr, dmombflr Ŝb jlpbbflr, bar dĊrĊ vufhmrakbfbtatm
mstm boplsbkbf sĊ ab partm gm mfm. L vbaŪĊ dĊrĊ fmnĊturb prlduhgm ‗ dĊrĊ a juhlaŜtm bukbrma Ŝb smhtbomhtuf gm apartmhmhŪĊ ‗
hu èhsmaohĊ sujjms. Wmaoa Ŝb juftura hmoufŪuobrbb afbomhtmazĊ aj mst olg gm a nëhgb, pltrbvbt jĊruba laomhbb suht dbm
vbjtbom, dbm èhvbhnĊtlrb, astdmf èhjët, pmhtru a-Ūb putma asuoa vufhmrakbfbtatma, mstm hmvlbm sĊ mxaobhmzb jm ahuom prlvlajĊ
smhtbomhtuf gm
ruŜbhm. Jm ahuom erĊhmŜtm tmaoa jarm stĊ fa kaza ajmstub olg gm a nëhgb<
KĊrkaŪbb Ŝb dmombfm jarm au rmuŜbt sĊ trmajĊ gm fa ajmst sbstmo gm jlhvbhnmrb fa l vbaŪĊ trĊbtĊ gbh pfbh ob-au vlrkbt, ju
tlŪbb, gmsprm juftbvarma èhjrmgmrbb Ŝb a uhlr fmnĊturb prlduhgm grmpt jlhgbŪbm pmhtru a tm putma raplrta fa fuom èhtr-uh
olg oab puŪbh jlokatbv.
1>7
èh prbvbhŪa sbtuaŪbmb jmflr gbh aroatĊ, hu pfmgmz pmhtru ja obfbtarbb sĊ-Ŝb sjebokm olguf gm a nëhgb Ŝb sĊ dajĊ gbh kfëhgmŪm
vbrtutma flr jargbhafĊ. Řtbu jarm suht rmafbtĊŪbfm ju jarm sm jlhdruhtĊ haŪbuhbfm Ŝb slfgaŪbb jarm fm prltmcmazĊ. WltuŜb, pfmgmz
pmhtru l sjebok arm gm omh tafbtĊŪ b èh r ëhgur bfm pl pufaŪbm b jbvb fm. Wrm kubm s Ċ dbo oab kuh b, oa b èhnĊg ubtlrb, oab gbs puŜb sĊ -b
ajjmptĊo, sĊ-b sprbcbhbo Ŝb sĊ jlouhbjĊo ju ajmb kĊrkaŪb Ŝb dmomb pm jarm-b pfĊtbo sĊ dbm bhvufhmrakbfb èh fljuf hlstru. Larm
suhtmo gbspuŜb sĊ stakbfbo fmnĊturb prlduhgm ju ajmŜtba<
Ouhja èhtrmprbhsĊ gm mjebpa Wmao [mg, êbtm, ahg Kfum * (Wmao[^K.lrn)

(Wmao[^K.lrn) mstm l mxjmfmhtĊ bfustrarm a bgmbb jĊ fmnĊturbfm ju
jmbfafŪb plt sĊ tm vbhgmjm Ŝb sĊ-Ūb trahsdlrom vbaŪa. Omokrbb ajmstmb lrnahbzaŪbb jlhsbgmrĊ jĊ olguf jmf oab mdbjbmht èh jarm
plŪb sĊ agujb l sjebo karm èh vba Ūa uh ub vmtm rah m stm sĊ -f ac uŪb sĊ stakbfm asjĊ ahuobtm rmfaŪb b smohb dbjatbv m ju pmrsl ahm gb h
sëhuf jlouhbtĊŪbb flr. èh jagruf prlnraoufub, uh vlfuhtar sm èhtëfhmŜtm ju jëtm uh obfbtar vmtmrah, ju jarm ba oasa, pm jarm
èf èhslŪmŜtm fa gljtlr, fa mvmhbomhtmfm splrtbvm fljafm, afĊturb gm jarm partbjbpĊ, gm asmomhma, fa ajtbvbtĊŪb sljbafm. AjmastĊ
bhtmrajŪbuhm fm pmrobtm vmtmrahbflr sĊ sm gmzvlftm èh sëhuf jlouhbtĊŪbb flr, sĊ èhtëfhmasjĊ pmrslahm gbspusm sĊ ldmrm acutlr Ŝb
sĊ-Ŝb gmsjlpmrm hlb pasbuhb.
Ao acuhs sĊ dbu bhtmrmsatĊ gm ajmst prlnrao èh uroa jmrjmtĊrbflr omfm, sbnur, gar Ŝb gatlrbtĊ uhmb
mxpmrbmhŪm mxtralrgbharm, gm jarm ao avut partm, fujrëhg ju uh nrup gm vmtmrahb Ŝb omokrb ab uhlr
daobfbb gm obfbtarb, èh jagruf uhub prlbmjt pm tmoa rmzbfbmhŪmb fa ruŜbhm, fa uha gbhtrm oatmrbbfm pm
jarm fm prmgau fa ]hbvmrsbtatma gbh Elustlh. MxpmrbmhŪa ajmasta ob-a sjebokat vbaŪa. O-a dĊjut sĊ
rmafbzmz jët gm ouftm putmo
* Wmxtuaf3
mxtuaf3 ‘Mjebpa
‘Mjebpa [lŜu,
[lŜu, Afk Ŝb Afkastru'
Afkastru' (juflrbfm
(juflrbfm grapmfufub
grapmfufub aomrbjah
aomrbjah),
), lrnahbza
lrnahbzaŪbm
Ūbm hlh-prl
hlh-prldbt,
dbt, af jĊrmb
jĊrmb sjlp mstm
acutlrarma vmtmrahbflr aomrbjahb, prbh stboufarma fmnĊturbflr sljbafm èh jagruf uhlr ajtbvbtĊŪb gmsdĊŜuratm èh jlouh.
(h. trag.)

1>=
dajm pmhtru vmtmrahb Ŝb jĊ plfbtbja Ŝb jlhvbhnmrbfm hlastrm gmsprm rĊzklb h-ar trmkub sĊ hm èopbmgbjm sĊ hm aprlpbmo gm mb ju
vufhmrakbfbtatm, jlopasbuhm Ŝb gmsjebgmrm.
Tlb pĊstra omrmu rmjuhlŜtbhŪĊ pmhtru ajmastĊ mxpmrbmhŪĊ Ŝb pmhtru fujrurbfm èhvĊŪatm gbh bhtmrvburbfm pm jarm fm-ao dĊjut ju
vmtmrahbb. Ajmba gbhtrm hlb jarm èhjĊ oab sudmrĊ gbh jauza rĊzklbufub h-ar trmkub sĊ ratmzm ajmastĊ ŜahsĊ gm a sm vbhgmja,
uha jarm mstm atët gm ajjmsbkbfĊ.
Gmvbza jmflr gm fa Wmao [mg, êbtm, ahg Kfum ‗ ‘Mstm
‘Mstm rëhguf hlstru!" ‗ rmprmzbhtĊ uh èhgmoh fa ajŪbuhm pmhtru tlŪb jmb jm
glrmsj sĊ vbhĊ èh acutlruf vmtmrahbflr.
vmtmrahbflr. èh prmzmht, fujrmz Ŝb mu ju mb Ŝb vĊ bhvbt pm dbmjarm gbhtrm vlb sĊ nĊsbŪb uh obcflj gm a-b acuta.
ÈhgrĊzhmŜtm ju lrbjm prmŪ Ŝb ajŪblhmazĊ èh aŜa dmf, èhjët vmtmrahbb Ŝb daobfbbfm obfbtarbflr sĊ èhŪmfmanĊ jĊ hu suht sbhnurb.
Afmnm ajŪbuhb prbh jarm sĊ jlouhbjb omsacuf3 ‘Yrlkfmomfm tafm suht Ŝb prlkfmomfm omfm. Wrauoa prbh jarm ab trmjut m Ŝb
trauoa oma. Yrbh vbhgmjarma ta oĊ vbhgmj mu èhsuob. "
èhgrĊ
èhg rĊzh
zhmŜt
mŜtmm ju lrbjm
lr bjm prmŪ
prm Ū Ŝb
vmb trmjm pmstm trauoĊ
Ju tlŪbb hm strĊgubo sĊ èhŪmfmnmo gm jm uhbb laomhb jarm au supravbmŪubt uhmb trauom ‗ bhgbdmrmht jĊ m vlrka gm fupta pm
drlht, gm vblfmhŪa glomstbjĊ, gm olfmstarma dbzbjĊ sau smxuafĊ lrb gm trauom oab puŪbh oafbnhm, èh aparmhŪĊ, èhsĊ fa dmf gm
vblfmhtm, juo ar db pmrsmjuŪba, hmnfbcarma, bzlfarma sau vbaŪa trĊbtĊ èh jlhgbŪbb gm drbjĊ Ŝb gm strms mxtrmo ‗ gau glvagĊ gm l
rmzbfbmhŪĊ hmoabplomhbtĊ Ŝb- Ŝb trĊbmsj vbaŪa gbh pfbh, èh tbop jm afŪbb sm gmdbhmsj prbh trauoa prbh jarm au trmjut. AjmŜtba
gbh uroĊ plt sĊ pmrpmtumzm vblfmhŪa pm jarm au sudmrbt-l, sĊ fuptm ju gmpmhgmhŪa lrb hu plt sĊ sm mfbkmrmzm gm smhtbomhtuf
jĊ suht vbjtbom, jebar Ŝb atuhjb jëhg hu m jazuf.
1>4
GupĊ jm ao stugbat Ŝasm ahb ruŜbhma, Ŝtbu jĊ l partm a rĊspuhsufub arm fmnĊturĊ ju rmzbfbmhŪa fa ruŜbhm ‗ pmrslahmfm
jmfm oab rmzbfbmhtm juftbvĊ èh olg jlhŜtbmht jmfm patru mfmomhtm pm jarm fm- ao gbsjutat èh japbtlfmfm ahtmrblarm.
JmafaftĊ partm a rĊspuhsufub ob s-a pĊrut nrmu gm èhŪmfms, pëhĊ ao èhjmput l hluĊ jmrjmtarm, bhtmrvbmvëhg laomhbb
gmsprm vufhmrakbfbtatm Ŝb l vbaŪĊ trĊbtĊ
gbh pfbh. Atuhjb ob-a gmvmhbt dlartm jfar. GajĊ suhtmo jlhstrëhŜb sĊ prbvbo fuoma prbh prbsoa
jlhvbhnmrbb ‘mŜtb dbm vbjtboĊ, dbm èhvbhnĊtlr*', bar ajmastĊ jlhvbhnmrm clajĊ rlfuf gm omjahbso gm
supravbmŪubrm, atuhjb parm dbm boplsbkbf sĊ rmhuhŪb fa ma, dbm dlartm pmrbjufls. Juo hm putmo
aŜtmpta ja uh lo sĊ rmhuhŪm fa uh olg gm a prbvb Ŝb èhŪmfmnm fuoma, jarm f-a Ūbhut èh vbaŪĊ gbh
puhjt gm vm gmrm dbzbj, jlnhbtb v sau molŪblha f< Hbj b uhuf gbhtrm hlb hu va putm a vr mlgatĊ sĊ
rmhuhŪm fa stratmnbbfm safm gm supravbmŪubrm, dĊrĊ uh boplrtaht acutlr gbh adarĊ Ŝb hmavëhg fa
gbsplzbŪbm stratmnbb aftmrhatbvm. Ymhtru a ga fa l partm ‘sjutuf** omhtafbtĊŪbb ‘mŜtb dbm vbjtboĊ, dbm
èhvbhnĊtlr**, uhmlrb m hmvlbm gm acutlr spmjbafbzat ‗ jbhmva jarm èhŪmfmnm kbhm jm mstm l trauoĊ.
Nrupurbfm gm susŪbhmrm suht dlartm utbfm Ŝb mfm.
YartbjbpahŪbb fa jmrjmtĊrb, jarm supravbmŪubsmrĊ uhmb trauom Ŝb trĊbau vbaŪa gbh pfbh, ob-au vlrkbt
ju pasbuhm gmsprm daptuf jĊ, èh asmomhma jazurb, trmkubm3
• ZĊ rmjuhlŜtb
rmjuhlŜtb jĊ ab l prlkfmoĊ.
prlkfmoĊ.
• ZĊ jauŪb acutlr spmjbafbzat sau/Ŝb aftm dlrom gm acutlr.
• ZĊ jauŪb sĊ gmpĊŜmŜtb ruŜbhma Ŝb jarajtmruf asjuhs af trauomb.
• ZĊ dajb gbh asuoarma vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb uh mxmrjbŪbu zbfhbj
zbfhbj (hu glar uh lkbjmb ljazblhaf).
èh bhtmrvburbfm omfm, kĊrkaŪbb Ŝb dmombfm jarm-Ŝb trĊbmsj vbaŪa gbh pfbh au vlrkbt dlartm gms gm
spbrbtuafbtatm. A rmbmŜbt jfar jĊ spbrbtuafbtatma mstm boplrtahtĊ oab afms pmhtru partbjbpahŪbb jarm
jlhsbgmrĊ jĊ au rmuŜbt sĊ gmpĊŜmasjĊ trauoa sudmrbtĊ Ŝb sĊ sm kujurm gm vbaŪĊ, hu glar sĊ
supravbmŪubasjĊ.
Ztratmnbm gm apĊrarm3 rmhuhŪarma fa

bhtbobtatm
Jlhsbgmr jĊ mxbstĊ, èh juftura hlastrĊ, gluĊ dlrom mxjmsbvm gm èopĊrtĊŜbrm a bhdlroaŪbbflr bhtbom.
Yrboa, jmma jm huomsj ‘rmdfmjtlrur0 a glua, ‘oahbpufarma prbh vufhmrakbfbtatm".
AŜa juo ao spus èh japbtlfuf gmsprm obturbfm vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb, a èopĊrtĊŜb prma ouftm bhdlroaŪbb bhtbom hu èhsmaohĊ
vufhmrakbfbtatm Ŝb jlhgujm, gm ouftm lrb, fa hmèhjrmgmrm, gmtaŜarm molŪblhafĊ Ŝb èhstrĊbharm.
[mdfmjtlruf
Ymhtru a èhŪmfmnm èh jm jlhstĊ ‘rmdfmjtlruf", trmkubm sĊ dbm fbopmgm jĊ bhtmhŪbbfm gbh spatmfm ajmstmb dlrom gm jlouhbjarm
suht varbatm Ŝb rmprmzbhtĊ, agmsmlrb, l jlokbhaŪbm èhtrm èhjmrjarma gm a uŜura sudmrbhŪa jubva, tmstarma flbafbtĊŪbb Ŝb a
tlfmrahŪmb jmfub ju jarm ab l rmfaŪbm Ŝb/sau nrĊkbrma dlroĊrbb uhmb hlb rmfaŪbb (‘Hm juhlaŜtmo glar gm jëtmva sĊptĊoëhb, gar
tlt vrmau sĊ-b èopĊrtĊŜmsj uh smjrmt, bar aplb vlo db jmfm oab kuhm prbmtmhm"). Gbh pĊjatm, èhsĊ, pmhtru jmb jarm au dĊjut aŜa
jmva (oĊ huoĊr Ŝb mu prbhtrm ajmŜtba), rĊspuhsuf, gm rmnufĊ, mstm ju tltuf gbdmrbt gm aŜtmptĊrbfm hlastrm3 partmhmruf gm
jlhvmrsaŪbm dajm uh pas èhaplb Ŝb sm èhjebgm èh mf, jmma jm hm anravmazĊ ruŜbhma Ŝb smhtbomhtuf gm èhstrĊbharm. Hu tm plŪb
dlflsb gm vufhmrakbfbtatm, pmhtru a sjĊpa gm prlprba starm gm gbsjlhdlrt, sau ja gm uh karlomtru af tlfmrahŪmb èhtr-l rmfaŪbm
(‘BŪb vlb èopĊrtĊŜb jutarm Ŝb jutarm fujru, ja sĊ vĊg3 oab rĊoëb prbh zlhĊ, fa uroĊ<"), sau pmhtru a trmjm fa hbvmfuf uroĊtlr,
èhtr-l rmfaŪbm ‗ pur Ŝb sbopfu, jmfĊfaft hu va jllpmra.
èh olg lkbŜhubt, atuhjb jëhg hm gmsjebgmo sudfmtuf ‗ ju tlt ju drbjbfm, spmrahŪmfm, prlkfmomfm Ŝb
kujurb bfm hl astrm ‗, suh t jrm atm p rbomfm sjëhtmb afm u hmb fm nĊturb prlduh gm. Tufhm rakbfbt atma
èopĊrtĊŜbtĊ agujm fuobhĊ jebar Ŝb èh jlfŪurbfm jmfm oab
èhtuhmjlasm afm sudfmtufub. Omtadlra oma pmhtru vufhmrakbfbtatma èopĊrtĊŜbtĊ suht fuobhbŪmfm pmhtru kraguf gm JrĊjbuh (fm
pĊstrm z èh jasĊ tlt tbop uf ahuf ub, j a pm uh omomhtl).
M jmva oanbj èh bgmma uhmb fuobhbŪm jarm strĊfujmŜtm èh fljurb èhtuhmjatm Ŝb fa jarm sm acuhnm ju nrmu. FuobhbŪmfm suht objb
Ŝb dranbfm, bar atuhjb jëhg mstm uha sbhnurĊ, mdmjtuf hu m uhuf boprmsblhaht, èhsĊ uh èhtrmn Ŝbran gm fuobhbŪm strĊfujbtlarm m
jmva hmspus gm druols. Druolasm fm dajm fmnĊtura gbhtrm mfm. Tufhmrakbfbtatma sm jrmmazĊ, atuhjb jëhg èopĊrtĊŜbo
bhdlroaŪbb bhtbom gmsprm hlb ju pmrslahm jarm Ŝb-au jëŜtbnat grmptuf gm a hm asjufta ‗ laomhb ju jarm ao juftbvat l rmfaŪbm
jarm platm suplrta nrmutatma plvmŜtbflr hlastrm. MxbstĊ èhjrmgmrm Ŝb mopatbm outuafm< èopĊrtĊŜbrma m rmjbprljĊ< Yutmo
sĊ-b jmrmo jmfubfaft jmva gm jarm avmo hmvlbm< BatĊ jëtmva èhtrmkĊrb duhgaomhtafm, ju prbvbrm fa jmma jm mu o-ao lkbŜhubt
sĊ huomsj ‘fmnĊturĊ prlduhgĊ".
Atuhjb jëhg hm èopĊrtĊŜbo vufhmrakbfbtatma ‗ èh spmjbaf jëhg gbsjutĊo gmsprm fujrurb jarm hm prlvlajĊ ruŜbhm ‗ ju
jbhmva ju jarm hu avmo l astdmf gm fmnĊturĊ prlduhgĊ, rĊspuhsuf sĊu molŪblhaf (uhmlrb Ŝb dbzbj) mstm l trmsĊrbrm putmrhbjĊ,
gm parjĊ b-ar db dlst pus uh rmdfmjtlr èh daŪĊ. èh asmomhma sbtuaŪbb, vufhmrakbfbtatma pm jarm l èopĊrtĊŜbo mstm lrkbtlarm,
gurĊ, gm hmsuplrtat, pm jëhg èh aftmfm, m ja uh Ŝbran gm fuobhbŪm nbhnaŜm. GajĊ hlb suhtmo jmb jarm asjuftĊ, sboŪbo hmvlba
sĊ hm ajlpmrbo daŪa, hu glar ljebb, ju oëha Ŝb sĊ prbvbo èh aftĊ partm. Jëhg sm tmrobhĊ, hm sboŪbo mpubzaŪb, jlhduzb,
uhmlrb jebar oahbpufaŪb. Hu gĊo hbjbgmjuo rĊspuhsuf mopatbj, pm jarm jmb jm hm vlrkmsj èf aŜtmaptĊ gm fa hlb. Jebar Ŝb jmb
jm stugbazĊ mopatba Ŝb-b èhvaŪĊ pm jmbfafŪb juo sĊ glkëhgmasjĊ akbfbtĊŪb gm mopatbm rĊoëh rar pm ajmmaŜb fuhnbom gm uhgĊ
ju jmfĊfaft, èh jlhgbŪbbfm èh jarm èopĊrtĊŜbrma uhlr bhdlroaŪbb jarm Ūbh gm bhtbobtatma pmrslahmb rmspmjtbvm a gmpĊŜbt ju ouft
fmnĊtura mxbstmhtĊ èhtrm jmb glb.

T]FHM[AKBFBWċūBB 1>2
èhgrĊz
èhg rĊzhm
hmŜtm
Ŝtm ju lrbjm
lrb jm prmŪ
prm Ū èhsma
èhs maohĊ
ohĊ33
jfarbdbjarma prlprbbflr bhtmhŪbb, stakbfbrma
fbobtmflr Ŝb gmzvlftarma uhlr fmnĊturb
prlduhgm ju jmbfafŪb
Fuobha èŜb gatlrmazĊ l oarm partm gbh druousmŪm mxbstmhŪmb èhtuhmrbjufub. Jmfm oab èhsmohatm olomhtm gbh vbaŪa hlastrĊ
sm pmtrmj, atuhjb jëhg puhmo falfaftĊ objbfm fuobhbŪm jrmatm gm jurac, jlopasbuhm Ŝb fmnĊtura prlduhgĊ ju jmbfafŪb, Ŝb fm
vmgmo fuobhëhg èh èhtuhmrbjuf sdlrŪĊrbflr hlastrm. Ajmsta gbsparm ju tltuf, atuhjb jëhg hm dlflsbo gm vufhmrakbfbtatm
pmhtru a-f bh uhga j u fuobhĊ pm jm f ja rm hm asjuft Ċ, ba r mdm jtuf mstm smhtbom htuf gm èhstrĊb harm. Ym ur oĊ, f uĊo aj mst
smhtbomht gm èhstrĊbharm ja pm l glvagĊ jĊ hu hm vlo sboŪb hbjblgatĊ kbhm èh jlopahba jmflrfafŪb, jĊ hu avmo vaflarm ja
pmrslah m, jĊ l astd mf gm rmfaŪb m h-a rm hbj b uh rlst, lrb, a tuhjb jëhg èopĊrtĊ Ŝbo prm a ouft m fuj rurb g msprm hlb, p mhtru a put ma
aprlduhga l rmfaŪbm, hm spuhmo jĊ hbjblgatĊ hu vlo acuhnm ju jbhmva fa hbvmfuf glrbt gm bhtbobtatm. Nëhgbo3
‘Tufhmrakbfbtatma mstm l aburmafĊ. Hbomhb h-arm gm jëŜtbnat gajĊ mstm vufhmrakbf, bar mu, ju atët oab puŪbh." Jmma jm hu
vmgmo mstm jĊ a tm dlflsb gm
gm vufhmrakbfbtatm hu-b ajmfaŜb fujru ju a db vufhmrakbf0
vufhmrakbf0 gbopltrbvĊ, m l stratmnbm gm apĊrarm.
JëtmlgatĊ,
JëtmlgatĊ, hbjb oĊjar hu suhtmo jlhŜtbmhŪb
jlhŜtbmhŪb jĊ èopĊrtĊŜbrm
èopĊrtĊŜbrmaa èh mxjms mstm l dlroĊ gm apĊrarm. Gbspmrarma
Gbspmrarma gm a hm dajm
auzbŪb hm èopbhnm sĊ hm uŜurĊo sudfmtuf gm vufhmrakbfbtatm Ŝb gm smhtbomhtuf gm ruŜbhm. Hm ba nura pm gbhabhtm Ŝb èhjmpmo
sĊ vlrkbo gmsprm jmma jm hm prlvlajĊ l oarm gurmrm, dbbhgjĊ hu putmo suplrta sĊ Ūbhmo tltuf èh hlb, hbjb oĊjar l smjuhgĊ
èh pfus. Yrlkakbf jĊ hu avmo bhtmhŪba sĊ èopĊrtĊŜbo fujrurb bhtbom, ja sĊ hm apĊrĊo gm prlprba vufhmrakbfbtatm sau ja sĊ-b
èhgmpĊrtĊo pm jmbfafŪb, gar mxajt ajmsta m rmzuftatuf jloplrtaomhtufub hlstru. Bhgbdmrmht gajĊ suhtmo mobŪĊtlr sau
rmjmptlr
rmjmptlr af omsacufub,
omsacufub, jlopasbuhma
jlopasbuhma daŪĊ gm sbhm mstm msmhŪbafĊ.
msmhŪbafĊ. Hu trmkubm
trmkubm sĊ dbo prma gurb ju hlb èhŜbhm, atuhjb jëhg
èopĊrtĊŜbo
159
prma ouft Ŝb prma gmvrmo m, Ŝb , tltl gatĊ, m hmj msar sĊ mxm rsĊo k uhĊvlbhŪ a da ŪĊ gm prlprba pmrsla hĊ, a tuhjb jëhg hu rmu Ŝbo
sĊ mopatbzĊo ju jbhmva jarm hm bzkmŜtm ju ‘rmdfmjtlruf" oĊrturbsbrbflr. Jrbtbja mxajmrkmazĊ smhtbomhtuf gm èhstrĊbharm.
Auzbhg ajmstm fujrurb, uhmfm pmrslahm o-au èhtrmkat juo eltĊrĊsj jm sĊ èopĊrtĊŜmsj Ŝb èh jm olg, atuhjb jëhg vbhm vlrka
gmsprm jmrjmtarma pm jarm l daj. èh ouhja oma, èopĊrtĊŜmsj dlartm ouftm fujrurb gmsprm obhm Ŝb, tltuŜb, hu juftbv rmfaŪbb gm
èhjrmgmrm ju tlŪb jmb jarm oĊ jbtmsj sau jarm vbh fa jlhdmrbhŪmfm omfm. M l èhtrmkarm dlartm bhtmrmsahtĊ, bar rĊspuhsuf omu
mstm jĊ vlrkmsj glar gmsprm ajmfm prlkfmom pm jarm fm-ao gmpĊŜbt èoprmuhĊ ju pmrslahmfm granb obm. Ob-ao stakbfbt hbŜtm
fbobtm dlartm prmjbsm, èh fmnĊturĊ ju jm ahuom èopĊrtĊŜmsj gbh vbaŪa oma Ŝb jm hu ‗ Ŝb suht dlartm atmhtĊ sĊ fm rmspmjt.
èh prbouf rëhg, vlrkmsj huoab gmsprm ajmfm mxpmrbmhŪm sau èhtëopfĊrb pm jarm fm-ao ahafbzat
èhgmfuhn Ŝb pm jarm plt sĊ fm èopĊrtĊŜmsj, Ŝtbbhg kbhm gmsprm jm vlrkmsj. Hu vlrkmsj gmsprm
èhtëopfĊrb pm jarm fm jlhsbgmr prma bhtbom sau gmsprm rĊhb èhjĊ prlaspmtm. Ao dĊjut asta l gatĊ sau gm gluĊ lrb, èh jarbmra
oma, Ŝb a dlst nrlazhbj. Hu m hbobj oab hmpfĊjut gmjët sĊ ab èh daŪa ta l obm gm laomhb jarm tm prbvmsj, fbpsbŪb gm mopatbm.
èh af glbfma rëhg, uromz l rmnufĊ pm jarm ao èhvĊŪat-l èh dajuftatm, jëhg dĊjmao prmnĊtbrm èh glomhbuf asbstmhŪmb sljbafm.
Ylatm db mdbjbmht sĊ vlrkmŜtb gmsprm jemstbuhb dlartm pmrslhafm, pmhtru a mxpfbja oab kbhm l bgmm sau a-f acuta pm jmfĊfaft sĊ
prlnrms mzm, gar sĊ èopĊrtĊ ŜmŜtb a smomhma fujrur b ju sjlpuf gm a- Ūb rm zlfva prlprb bfm pr lkfmom mstm h mpltrbv bt Ŝb bhjlrm jt
gbh puhjt gm vmgmrm olraf.
èh dbhm, gbsjut gmsprm fujrurb dlartm pmrslhafm, huoab atuhjb jëhg hu ao hmvlb pm jarm èhjmrj,
astdmf, sĊ fm èopfbhmsj. Jrmg dlartm ouft jĊ a db vufhmrakbf èh daŪa uhub pukfbj oab huomrls mstm l
bgmm kuhĊ, glar jëhg vbhgmjarma arm fmnĊturĊ ju èhsuŜb

151
daptuf gm a èopĊrtĊŜb ajmfm fujrurb, hu ju rĊspuhsurbfm pm jarm oĊ aŜtmpt sĊ fm prbomsj.
Jëhg fm-ao pus ajmmaŜb èhtrmkarm uhlr pmrslahm jarm èopĊrtĊŜmsj èhtëopfĊrb gbh vbaŪa flr èh jĊrŪb, èh plstĊrbfm gm pm kfln
sau èh gbsjursurbfm pukfbjm, ao adfat jĊ bhtmhŪbbfm Ŝb aklrgĊrbfm flr suht dlartm asmoĊhĊtlarm. H-aŜ vrma ja tmaoa oma gm a
hu-b jlpfmŜb pm jmbfafŪb ju prlprba vufhmrakbfbtatm sĊ èopbmgbjm pm jbhmva sĊ vlrkmasjĊ pm oarnbhma prlkfmomflr safm gm
vbaŪĊ, èhsĊ trmkubm sĊ dbo pm gmpfbh jlhŜtbmhŪb gm jët gm boplrtaht mstm jmma jm afmnmo sĊ èopĊrtĊŜbo, juo Ŝb gm jm, atuhjb
jëhg hm agrmsĊo uhub pukfbj huomrls. Ju tlŪbb fm suhtmo rmjuhlsjĊtlrb jmflr jarm Ŝtbu sĊ vlrkmasjĊ èh aŜa dmf, èhjët sĊ hm
agujĊ aobhtm jĊ hu suhtmo sbhnurb.
GajĊ tm rmjuhlŜtb èh gmsjrbmrma ajmstmb stratmnbb, uroĊtlarmfm èhtrmkĊrb èŪb plt db gm dlfls3
• Gm jm èopĊrtĊŜmsj ajmastĊ èhtëopfarm<

• Jm ahuom uroĊrmsj sĊ lkŪbh astdmf<
• Jarm suht molŪbbfm omfm, jëhg èopĊrtĊŜmsj jm-ao trĊbt<
trĊbt<
• BhtmhŪbbfm jarm stau fa kaza eltĊrërbb omfm gm a èopĊrtĊŜb jlrmspuhg
jlrmspuhg vaflrbflr omfm<
• MxbstĊ uh ahuobt rmzuftat sau rĊspuhs lrb
lrb fbpsa uhub ahuobt rĊspuhs, jarm o-ar rĊhb sudfmtmŜtm<
sudfmtmŜtm<
• èopĊrtĊŜbhg ajmstm fujrurb, fmnĊtura
fmnĊtura ju jmfĊfaft va gmvmhb oab prlduhgĊ<
• Jmma jm daj mu ajuo m l dlroĊ autmhtbjĊ gm a jmrm acutlr gm fa laomhbb gbh vbaŪa oma<
Ztratmnbm gm apĊrarm3
oahbpufarma prbh vufhmrakbfbtatm
GajĊ ‘rmdfmjtlruf" rmprmzbhtĊ l utbfbzarm nrmŜbtĊ a vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb, a glua dlroĊ gm èopĊrtĊŜbrm
mxjmsbvĊ a bhdlroaŪbbflr pmrslhafm rmprmzbhtĊ dlflsbrma mb ja bhstruomht gm oahbpufarm.
15;
Jmf jarm aglptĊ ajmastĊ stratmnbm gm apĊrarm èf ‘atajĊ" pm jmfĊfaft ju bhdlroaŪbb bhtbom gbh vbaŪa sa pmrslhafĊ, ju sjlpuf gm
a-b japta atmhŪba. M l stratmnbm jmf oab gms èhtëfhbtĊ èh ‘juftura jmfmkrbtĊŪbb", èh jarm sm puhm ajjmhtuf pm smhzaŪblhafbso.
Gbh pĊjatm, prldmslrbb Ŝb agobhbstratlrbb Ŝjlfbflr ob-au spus jĊ au lksmrvat ajmastĊ stratmnbm gm oahbpufarm pëhĊ Ŝb fa
mfmvbb gm nbohazbu. Zprm gmlsmkbrm gm ‘rmdfmjtlr", jarm, jmf puŪbh, sm haŜtm gbh hmvlba gm jlhdbroarm a prlprbmb vaflrb,
ajmastĊ mtafarm bhtmhŪblhatĊ a vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb m ouft oab puŪbh autmhtbjĊ. Hu ao bhtmrvbmvat uh huoĊr gmstuf gm oarm gm
pmrslah m jarm aglptĊ ajmst jloplrt aomht, aŜa jĊ hu èhŪmfm n pm gmpfbh oltbvaŪ ba ajmstu ba, èhsĊ stugbbf m gm pëhĊ ajuo
aratĊ jĊ laomhbb sm jloplrtĊ astdmf, pmhtru a fm atranm atmhŪba jmflrfafŪb.
KbhmèhŪmfms, prlkfmomfm fmnatm gm smhtbomhtuf prlprbmb vaflrb plt jlhgujm Ŝb mfm fa jĊutarma lksmsbvĊ a atmhŪbmb jmflr gbh
cur, èhs Ċ, èh fuoma rmŪmfm flr gm sljbafb zarm gbh zb ua gm azb, mstm t lt oab gbdbjbf sĊ gm tmrobhĊ o jm ahuom rmprm zbhtĊ l
èhjmrjarm autmhtbjĊ gm a stakbfb l fmnĊturĊ prlduhgĊ ju jmfĊfaft Ŝb jm mstm huoab l sboufarm a ajmstmba. Jmma jm Ŝtbu sbnur
mstm jĊ abjb hu m vlrka gm vufhmrakbfbtatm.
èhgrĊz
èhg rĊzhm
hmŜtm
Ŝtm ju lrbjm
lrb jm prmŪ
prm Ū èhsma
èhs maohĊ
ohĊ
sĊ-Ūb pub suk smohuf èhtrmkĊrbb
bhtmhŪbbfm
Jmb jarm sm gmzvĊfubm astdmf pm mb èhŜbŜb èhabhtma uhub ‘pukfbj" prmdmrĊ ajmst nmh gm jlouhbjarm uhmb fmnĊturb prlduhgm
ju jmbfafŪb. èh jaz jĊ tm èhtrmkb gajĊ Ūb-ab dlflsbt vufhmrakbfbtatma ja pm uh bhstruomht gm oahbpufarm, èhtrmkĊrbfm gm fa
dbhafuf smjŪbuhbb gmsprm ‘rmdfmjtlr" èŪb vlr db gm dlfls. Oab ouft gmjët atët, mstm boplrtaht sĊ-Ūb pub Ŝb uroĊtlarmfm
èhtrmkĊrb3 jm hmvlbm a oma stĊ fa kaza uhub asmommha jloplrtaomht< Yrmsupuhëhg jĊ èhjmrj sĊ stakbfmsj l fmnĊturĊ ju
jbhmva ahuom, sau sĊ-f rĊhmsj, mstm kbhm sĊ prljmgmz astdmf<

15:
Ztratmnbm gm apĊrarm3 duna èh zbnzan

Hu suh t l pm rslahĊ jĊrmba sĊ-b pfajĊ dbfomfm gm jl omgbm ju Jea rfbm J eapfbh sau j mfm ju elel tm gm rës pm duhgaf. Yrmdm r
jlomgbbfm rloahtbjm sau uhuf gbhtrm ajmfm dbfom psbelflnbjm bhjrmgbkbf gm fmhtm, ju pmrslhacm jlopfmxm, prlgusm gm Obra-
oax. AŜa èhjët, mstm larmjuo jbugat jĊ ao afms uh dranomht gbh jlomgba Jusjrbb ‗ ‗ varbahta gbh 12>2, jma ju Ymtmr Daf` Ŝb
Afah Ar`bh ‗, ja omtadlrĊ pmhtru uroĊtlruf omjahbso gm prltmjŪbm èopltrbva vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb. Gar agmvĊruf mstm jĊ, gm
dbmjarm gatĊ jëhg vĊg ajmst dbfo, rëg pëhĊ oĊ glr oaxbfarmfm. Glar jët oĊ nëhgmsj fa mf, Ŝb èhjmp sĊ rëg.
èh acuhuf jĊsĊtlrbmb jlpbbflr flr, gmhtbstuf Zemfglh @lrhpmtt (cujat gm Afah Ar`bh) èf èhtëfhmŜtm pm Tbhjm [bjargl (cujat gm
Ymtmr Daf`). Zemfglh mstm tatĊf obrmsmb, bar Tbhjm ‗ af obrmfub. Zljruf obj (Ar`bh) m uh gmhtbst purbtah, ahxbls Ŝb dlartm
strbjt. Zljruf oarm (Daf`) mstm uh anmht JBA, jarm sm parm jĊ hu oab asjuftĊ lrgbhmfm Ŝb jĊruba èopuŜjĊturbfm Ŝb jbljhbrbfm gm
oaŜbhb b sm par fujrurbfm jmfm oab dbrmŜtb gbh fuom. KĊhubmŜtb gmca jĊ sbopatbjuf anmht JBA èf tërĊŜtm pm kbmtuf gmhtbst èhtr-l
smrbm gm avmhturb gbhtrm jmfm oab jbugatm.
Dbfouf m pfbh gm plahtm rĊsudfatm, gar Ymtmr Daf` clajĊ mxjmfmht rlfuf gm anmht mxtravanaht, bar
pmrslha cuf fub Af ah Ar`b h ‗ pu rbtahuf jrbspa t, ga r lhm st ‗ m Ŝb mf dlart m jrm gbkbf. Zjmha oma
prmdm ratĊ m atuh jb jë hg Daf ` èb s puhm f ub Ar`bh, èopbmtr bt gm drbjĊ, sĊ du nĊ èh zbnzan , pmht ru a mvbta
l radafĊ gm nflahŪm. Zuht tltaf mxpuŜb pm pbsta amrlplrtufub, èh tbop jm l oufŪbom gm fuhmtbŜtb tran
èh mb, Ŝb tlt jm arm mf oab kuh gm spus mstm3 ‘Dunb èh zbnzan, Zemff èh zbnzan." Fa uh olomht gat,
gmhtbstuf rmuŜmŜtm sĊ nĊsmasjĊ, obrajufls, l asjuhzĊtlarm, gar èŜb aobhtmŜtm jĊ hu dunbsm èh zbnzan,
aŜa jĊ sm èhtlarjm èhaplb, èh kĊtaba nflahŪmflr, ja sĊ platĊ dajm ‘smrpmhtbhm" pëhĊ fa agĊplst. èob
pfajm atët g m ouft ajmas tĊ sj mhĊ, j-ao plstat- l pm sb/m-uf omu. L nĊsm Ŝtb èh clsuf panbhbb
ettp3//www.krmhmkrlwh.jlo/vbgmls..
ettp3//www.krmhmkrlwh.jlo/vbgmls
157
Hu Ŝtb u gm jm rë g atë t gm tarm, gm d bmjarm gatĊ. Ylatm gbh ja uza bo anbhbb fub Y mtmr Daf`, ju lj ebb jĊ sjaŪb, afmrnëh g èha bhtm
Ŝb èhaplb Ŝb strbnëhg3 ‘èh zbnzan! Zau platm dbbhgjĊ Ūbh obhtm jĊ f-ao vĊzut ju tatĊf Ŝb dratmfm omu Ŝb hm zvërjlfmao ju
tlŪbb pm cls, Ūbhëhgu-hm ju oëbhbfm gm kurtĊ, gm- atëta rës.
Jebar Ŝb èh zbua gm astĊzb, atuhjb jëhg atolsdmra gmvbhm tmhsblhatĊ èhtr-l gbsjuŪbm daobfbafĊ, m
1
sudbjbmht sĊ spuhĊ jbhmva3 ‘AfmarnĊ èh zbnzan! ', Ŝb tlatĊ fuoma bzkujhmŜtm èh rës.
Afmrnatuf èh zbnzan m l omtadlrĊ pmrdmjtĊ pmhtru dmfuf èh jarm jlhsuoĊo l mhmrnbm urbaŜĊ, pmhtru a mvbta vufhmrakbfbtatma,
jëhg hm-ar vmhb ouft oab uŜlr s-l èhdruhtĊo gbrmjt. AjmastĊ boanbhm oab sunmrmazĊ jët gm bhutbf mstm sĊ èhjmrjb sĊ afmrnb èh
zbnzan, èh daŪa uhub fujru atët gm vast Ŝb gm bhtmhs prmjuo vufhmrakbfbtatma.
Afmrnatuf èh zbnzan oab èhsmaohĊ Ŝb sĊ èhjmrjb sĊ jlhtrlfmzb l sbtuaŪbm, sĊ tm rmtranb gbh ma,
prmtbhz ëhg j Ċ hu mxbstĊ sau jĊ hu-Ūb pasĊ. [mjurnm o fa ajmas tĊ str atmnbm , jëh g vrm o sĊ m vbtĊo uh
jlhdfbjt, jmva hmpfĊjut, l plsbkbfĊ jlhdruhtarm, sbtuaŪbb èh jarm mxbstĊ plsbkbfbtatma sĊ suplrtĊo
ruŜbhm sau gmzaoĊnbrm, lrb jëhg vrmo sĊ mvbtĊo jrbtbja (gbh partma jubva sau jebar gbh partma
hlastrĊ èhŜbhm).
Afmrnatuf èh zbnzan tm platm jlhgujm fa uh jloplrtaomht gm a tm asjuhgm gm jmbfafŪb, ja Ŝb fa sboufarm, mvbtarm,

raŪblhafbzarm, èhvbhlvĊŪbrm Ŝb obhjbuhĊ.
Ao tmhgbhŪa sĊ afmrn èh zbnzan, atuhjb jëhg oĊ sbot vufhmrakbfĊ. GajĊ trmkubm sĊ gau uh tmfmdlh
jubva ju jarm Ŝtbu jĊ vlb avma l jlhvmrsaŪbm gbdbjbfĊ, èhjmrj sĊ-ob boanbhmz oab ouftm varbahtm gm
gbsjuŪbm, oĊ jlhvbhn j-aŜ dajm kbhm sĊ oab aŜtmpt, sjrbu jëtm uh m-oabf, spuhëhgu-ob jĊ oĊ
gmsjurj oab kbhm èh sjrbs, Ŝb oĊ nëhgmsj sĊ daj l oufŪbom gm aftm fujrurb. Řb jlhtbhub ajmst zbnzan
omhtaf, pëhĊ acuhn mpubzatĊ molŪblhaf.

15=
èhgrĊz
èhg rĊzhm
hmŜtm
Ŝtm ju lrbjm
lrb jm prmŪ
prm Ū èhsma
èhs maohĊ
ohĊ33
trĊbmŜtm abjb Ŝb ajuo, dbb atmht fa jm m èh
curuf
cur uf tĊu
tĊ u Ŝb
Ŝ b omrnb
omr nb oab gmpar
gm partmtm
Jëhg oĊ surprbhg pm obhm èhsĊob èhjmrjëhg sĊ mvbt èh ajmst dmf vufhmrakbfbtatma, oĊ acutĊ sĊ-ob
aobhtmsj gm Ymtmr Daf` strbnëhg3 ‘Dunb èh zbnzan, Zemff" Asta oĊ dajm sĊ rëg, fujru jarm oĊ
dlrŪmazĊ sĊ tran amr agëhj èh pbmpt. [mspbraŪba prlduhgĊ Ŝb uolruf suht gluĊ olgafbtĊŪb mxjmfmhtm,
prbh j arm p lŪb sĊ vmzb j m mst m agm vĊrat Ŝb jm hu èh asmomhm a jlop lrtaom htm, p mhtru ja gu pĊ ajm ma
sĊ-Ūb asuob vufhmrakbfbtatma.
Afmrnatuf èh zbnzan tm mpubzmazĊ, bar sĊ dunb èhabhtm Ŝb èhaplb, ja sĊ mvbŪb ahuobtm fujrurb, hu m gmflj uh kuh olg gm
a trĊb. èh tbop jm jĊutao mxmopfm gm sbtuaŪbb èh jarm ar db utbf sĊ ‘dunb èh zbnzan", ob-a vmhbt èh obhtm sdatuf pm jarm f-
ao prbobt, jëhgva, gm fa uh kĊtrëh jarm trĊba èhtr-l zlhĊ ofĊŜtbhlasĊ gbh Flubsbaha. YĊrbhŪbb hm fuasmrĊ fa pmsjubt, pm
obhm Ŝb dratmfm omu, èh jahafmfm jarm strĊkat uhuf gbhtrm Ūbhuturbfm ofĊŜtbhlasm gmŪbhutm gm jlopahba gbh Hmw
Lrfmahs, fa jarm fujra tatĊf omu. Jmf jarm hm-a fĊsat sĊ bhtrĊo pm tmrmhuf rmspmjtbv hm-a spus3 ‘GajĊ vmzb jĊ vbhm uh
afbnatlr fa tbhm, ba-l fa dunĊ èh zbnzan ‗ suht rapbzb, gar hu sm gmsjurjĊ fa sjebokat gbrmjŪba".
Mb kbhm, fa uh olomht gat, uh afbnatlr jebar a sĊrbt gbh apĊ Ŝb a ouŜjat vërduf uhgbŪmb oaomb omfm, gar hu hm-a dunĊrbt pm
hbjb uhuf. Lrbjuo, jemstba ju afmrnatuf èh zbnzan hu m gmflj agmvĊratĊ. Yltrbvbt mxpmrŪbflr gm fa nrĊgbha zllflnbjĊ gbh Zah
Gbmnl, laomhbb èhtrmj uŜlr afbnatlrbb fa vbtmzĊ, Ŝb èh zbnzan, Ŝb èh fbhbm grmaptĊ. AjmŜtba hu plt sĊ afmrnm dlartm rmpmgm, Ŝb
oab boplrtaht mstm jĊ hu plt sĊ afmrnm pm gbstahŪm oarb. Ztratmnba flr mstm atajuf prbh surprbhgmrm, hu-Ŝb dunĊrmsj praga.
Bar gbh ajmst puhjt gm vmgmrm, smaoĊhĊ oab ouft ju spbrbguŜbb jarm trĊbmsj èh ofaŜtbhbfm ruŜbhbb Ŝb hm èopbmgbjĊ sĊ dbo
vufhmrakbfb. AŜa èhjët, hu-b hmvlbm sĊ afmrnb èh zbnzan0 trĊbmŜtm abjb Ŝb ajuo, dbb atmht fa jm m èh curuf tĊu Ŝb omrnb oab
gmpartm.
154
Aftm stratmnbb gm apĊrarm3

jbhbsouf, jrbtbja rĊuvlbtlarm, jruzboma
Ŝb atbtugbhbfm ‘Ŝomjemrm**
GajĊ tm eltĊrĊŜtb sĊ jlklrb èh armhĊ Ŝb sĊ èhgrĊzhmŜtb ju lrbjm prmŪ, tm plŪb aŜtmpta s-l Ŝb èhjasmzb.
Hu jlht mazĊ gajĊ ‘armha " mst m l j aopahbm pmhtru plstuf gm nuvm rhatlr sau pm htru jmf gm Ŝmd a f
asljbaŪbmb gm pĊrbhŪb gm fa Ŝjlafa jlpbbflr tĊb. Zau gajĊ oarma ta èhgrĊzhmafĊ rmprmzbhtĊ uh artbjlf
pmhtru rmvbsta Ŝjlfbb , l pr lolvarm sau vb hgmrma uhmb lafm gm jmra objĊ p m m-kay. èh tlatm ajmstm
jazurb, vmb avma partm, aprlapm sbnur, gm rmajŪbb jbhbjm sau gm jrbtbjb. Zm prma platm sĊ tm jlhdruhŪb
jebar Ŝb ju gmolhstraŪbb gm rĊutatm Ŝb omsjebhĊrbm. Gm jm< Ymhtru jĊ jbhbsouf, jrbtbjbfm ju lrbjm
prmŪ, jruzb oma Ŝb arlna hŪa su ht oab kuhm g mjët lrbjm arourĊ ‗ plŪb sĊ da jb jeba r Ŝb arom gbh mf m,
ju jarm hu huoab sĊ Ūbb vufhmrakbfbtatma fa gbstahŪĊ gm tbhm, gar sĊ-b Ŝb rĊhmŜtb pm jmb jarm suht
vufhmrakbfb Ŝb, prbh asta, hm daj sĊ hm sboŪbo bhjlhdlrtakbf.
GajĊ mŜtb nmhuf gm pmrslahĊ jarm ‘h-arm hbjb l trmakĊ ju vufhmrakbfbtatma", hu mxbstĊ sbtuaŪbm èh jarm sĊ tm sboŪb oab
aomhbhŪat Ŝb oab bhjbtat sĊ-f atajb Ŝb sĊ-f dajb gm ruŜbhm pm jmfĊfaft, gmjët atuhjb jëhg èf vmzb jĊ èhgrĊzhmŜtm ju lrbjm prmŪ.
èhgrĊzhmafa jmfubfaft mstm prmjuo l lnfbhgĊ èh jarm sm rmdfmjtĊ, èh- tr-l oahbmrĊ hmpfĊjutĊ, prlprbbfm tmomrb èh fmnĊturĊ ju
dmfuf èh jarm hm arĊtĊo jmflrfafŪb Ŝb èh jarm hm fĊsĊo vĊzuŪb. Asta-b dajm pm uhbb sĊ sm jloplrtm anrmsbv. AŜagar, jëhg vmgmo
ajtm gm jruzbom, dlartm prlkakbf vufhmrakbfbtatma mstm jmma jm stĊ fa kaza flr, èh uftboĊ bhstahŪĊ.
Jëhg vlrkmsj gmsprm jrbtbjĊ, hu oĊ rmdmr fa hbŜtm rmajŪbb jlhstrujtbvm, fa gmzkatmrbfm Ŝb

hmèhŪmfmnmrbfm ju prbvbrm fa vaflarma sau boplrtahŪa uhmb jlhtrbkuŪbb. Jb fa atajuf pmrslhaf,
rmoarjbfm uobfbtlarm Ŝb adbroaŪbbfm hmcustbdbjatm gmsprm oltbvaŪbbfm Ŝb bhtmhŪbbfm jubva.
T]FHM[AKBFBWċūBB 15>
Jëhg vlrkmsj gmsprm jbhbso, hu oĊ rmdmr fa sjmptbjbsouf sĊhĊtls. Jb fa jbhbsouf bhtrat èh rmdfmx, jarm gujm fa jlomhtarbb
stupbgm, nmhuf3 ‘Jm spub m l tëopmhbm", sau3 ‘Jm bgmm jrmtbhĊ!" Atbtugbhbfm ‘Ŝomjemrm" suht dlroa gm jbhbso èhtëfhbtĊ jmf
oab drmjvmht. ‘Jm pfbjtbsbtlr Ŝb kahaf. Jub èb pasĊ gm jm jrmzb tu<" Mstm ja Ŝb juo, pmhtru oufŪb laomhb, mhtuzbasouf Ŝb
bopfbjarma au gmvmhbt smohm gm habvbtatm. GajĊ mŜtb prma èhjëhtat gm uh fujru sau prma ataŜat gm jmma jm dajb, mŜtb ‘kahaf"
pmhtru mb. Ao b htmrzb s dlfl sbrma ajmstu b juvë ht fa hlb èh jasĊ, afĊtu rb gm ratat Ŝb
Ŝb prlst.
èh bhtrlgujmrma ajmstmb smjŪbuhb, spuhmao jĊ aglfmsjmhŪa mstm fbhba gm start èh jursa èharoĊrbflr ju stratmnbb gm apĊrarm. èh
nbohazbu Ŝb fbjmu, jbhbsouf Ŝb atbtugbhbfm ‘Ŝomjemrm" suht fa mfm ajasĊ. WlŪb jlfmnbb gm jfasĊ ab dbbjmb omfm ‗ jarm ajuo
mstm èh nbohazbu ‗ plartĊ eahlrajm èh dbmjarm zb (jebar Ŝb jëhg adarĊ suht := gm nragm Jmfsbus). Dbbhg ajjmslrbb
vmstbomhtarm ‘Ŝomjemrm", eahlrajmfm suht, kbhmèhŪmfms, obcflajm gm apĊrarm èopltrbva vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb0 suht aprlapm sbnurĊ
jĊ, pmhtru ajmb jlpbb jarm fm plartĊ, suht ja hbŜtm oahtbb jarm tm daj bhvbzbkbf. Mb gbspar, fbtmrafomhtm, jëhg suht èokrĊjaŪb
ju mfm. Zuht ja l asjuhzĊtlarm. Ju nfuna pm jap Ŝb oëbhbfm kĊnatm èh kuzuharm, uh astdmf gm aglfmsjmht mstm l boanbhm a
gmtaŜĊrbb molŪblhafm. M prma ‘tarm", ja sĊ-b pmsm gm jmva.
Hu gla r aglf msjmh Ūbb sm apĊrĊ gm vuf hmrakb fbtatm prbh a tbtugbhb gm ‘ Ŝomjem rb", j b Ŝb agufŪbb . Avmo nrbcĊ sĊ hu vagĊ j bhmva jĊ
rëgmo prma tarm, jĊ suhtmo prma jrmgufb, jĊ hm pasĊ prma ouft gm jbhmva sau jĊ suhtmo prma mhtuzbasoaŪb. Hu oab purtĊo
eahlrajm atët gm gms, gar hm dlflsbo tbtfurbfm uzuafm, mgujaŪba, lrbnbhma Ŝb plzbŪba sljbafĊ, ja prmtmxtm jarm custbdbjĊ
jbhbsouf, jrbtbjbfm rĊuvlbtlarm, jruzboma Ŝb arlnahŪa3 ‘Ylt sĊ-Ūb vlrkmsj èh dmfuf Ċsta sau sĊ oĊ rĊstmsj fa tbhm, pmhtru jĊ
suht jbhm suht Ŝb daj jmma jm daj". Řb plŪb db sbnur jĊ asmomhma custbdbjĊrb suht dlroufatm gbhtr-l pmrspmjtbvĊ
hlhjlhdlrobstĊ, gm rmspbhnmrm
155
a bhgbjatlrbflr tragbŪblhafb ab statutufub3 ‘Hu gau glb kahb pm tbhm, dbbhgjĊ Ūb-ab trĊgat prbhjbpbbfm Ŝb-Ūb brlsmŜtb vbaŪa èhtr-uh
kbrlu a oĊrët" , sau3 ‘Zuht l pmr slahĊ ouft oa b bhtm rmsaht Ċ Ŝb vaflrla sĊ, d bbhgjĊ ao rms pbhs j apjah a mguj aŪbmb supmrb larm, a
ljupaŪbbflr tragbŪblhafm mtj."
èhgrĊzhmŜtm
èhgrĊzhmŜtm ju lrbjm prmŪ oab èhsmaohĊ3
èhsmaohĊ3 sĊ èhvmŪb
èhvmŪb sĊ-Ūb omhŪbb mjebfbkruf
mjebfbkruf ja uh ajrlkat
ajrlkat jarm omrnm
omrnm pm sëroĊ, sĊ mxmrsmzb rmzbfbmhŪa fa
ruŜbhm Ŝb sĊ gbsjmrhb jm m agmvĊrat Ŝb jm m dafs gbh jrbtbjbfm jmflrfafŪb fa agrmsa ta
èh jursuf uhub sbhnur ah, ao bhtmrvbmvat artbŜtb, sjrbbtlrb, bhlvatlrb, fbgmrb gbh glomhbuf adajmrbflr, omokrb ab jfmrufub Ŝb
fbgmrb ab uhlr jlouhbtĊŪb èh fmnĊturĊ ju ajmstm prlkfmom Ŝb ju dmfuf èh jarm au rmuŜbt sĊ rĊoëhĊ gmsjebŜb èh daŪa uhlr jrbtbjb
jlhstrujtbvm ‗ gmŜb nrmu gm ajjmptat ‗ Ŝb, èh ajmfaŜb tbop, sĊ fm bnhlrm pm jmfm rĊuvlbtlarm. èh prbouf rëhg, vlbao sĊ Ŝtbu
èh jm dmf èŜb pĊstrasmrĊ juracuf gm a jlklrè bar Ŝb bar èh armhĊ. OĊrturbsmsj3 o-a oltbvat prlprba oma strĊgahbm gm a èhvĊŪa
juo sĊ èhgrĊzhmsj, omrmu, ju lrbjm prmŪ.
Atuhjb jëhg hu hm oab pasĊ gm jmma jm jrmg jmbfafŪb, hm pbmrgmo japajbtatma gm a stakbfb fmnĊturb prlduhgm ju afŪb laomhb.
Bar jëhg jmma jm jrmg jmbfafŪb
jmbfafŪb acuhnm sĊ hm gmdbhmasjĊ,
gmdbhmasjĊ, hm pbmrgmo japajbtatma
japajbtatma gm a oab db vufhmrakbfb.
vufhmrakbfb. GajĊ rmspbhnmo
rmspbhnmo
tlatm jrbtbjbfm, hu oab avmo gm uhgm sĊ fuĊo tmromhbb gm jloparaŪbm, jarm suht atët gm boplrtahŪb0 bar, gajĊ hm mxpuhmo
tltafomhtm jrbtbjbflr èhjĊrjatm gm urĊ, spbrbtuf hlstru va db strbvbt. Mstm ja Ŝb jëhg èhjmrjb sĊ-Ūb omhŪbb mjebfbkruf pm sëroĊ3
rmzbfbmhŪa fa ruŜbhm m sëroa, bar pfasa gm sbnurahŪĊ gm suk hlb mstm rmprmzmhtatĊ gm uha sau gluĊ pmrslahm granb hluĊ, jarm
hm plt acuta sĊ gbsjmrhmo jm mstm agmvĊrat Ŝb jm mdafs gbh jrbtbjbfm Ŝb jbhbsouf jmflrfafŪb fa agrmsa hlastrĊ.
Zuht l pmrslahĊ vbzuafĊ, aŜa jĊ ob-ao pus gmasupra kbrlufub l dltlnradbm ju uh ajrlkat omrnëhg pm sëroĊ, ja sĊ-ob
aobhtmasjĊ omrmu daptuf jĊ èhjmrjarma gm a db gmsjebsĊ, rmspmjtëhg, èh ajmfaŜb tbop, fbobtmfm pm jarm ob fm-ao stakbfbt tlt
mu omrbtĊ mdlrtuf Ŝb rbsjurbfm pm jarm fm bopfbjĊ. Ka jebar, ao sjrbs uroĊtlarmfm juvbhtm suk sëroĊ3 ‘Taflarma uhub lo mstm
uh grmpt èhhĊsjut". Mxprmsba rmprmzbhtĊ uh omomhtl sĊ prajtbj rmzbfbmhŪa fa ruŜbhm Ŝb l pbatrĊ gm èhjmrjarm pmhtru jrmgbhŪmfm
omfm spbrbtuafm. Bar gajĊ èhtr-l zb suht èhtr-l gbsplzbŪbm rĊutĊjblasĊ, jbtmsj jm ao sjrbs pm uh kbfmŪmf dbxat gmgmsuktuf
boanbhbb ju ajrlkatuf3 ‘Jruzboma m omsjebhĊ, dajbfĊ Ŝb glvmgmŜtm faŜbtatm", èhjĊ l pbatrĊ gm èhjmrjarm pmhtru jlhvbhnmrbfm
omfm spbrbtuafm.
YartbjbpahŪbb fa jmrjmtĊrb jarm au dlst jrbtbjb Ŝb jbhbjb èh trmjut, ja l omtlgĊ gm a sm prltmca gm vufhmrakbfbtatm, ob-au
èopĊrtĊŜbt jëtmva fujrurb mxtrmo gm prmŪblasm gmsprm trahzbŪba flr fa trĊbtuf vbmŪbb gbh pfbh. OufŪb gbhtrm mb ob-au spus jĊ
pĊrbhŪb b flr fm olg mfasm rĊ aj mst j loplrta omht Ŝ b jĊ hu rma fbzas mrĊ j ët gm ouft èb bobtau, gmjët atuhjb jëhg èhjmp usmrĊ sĊ-Ŝb
jmrjmtmzm prlprba tmaoĊ gm vufhmrakbfbtatm, gm bopfbjarm Ŝb gm a èhjmrja fujrurb hlb. Laomhbb ajmba hu mrau hbŜtm
mnloahbajb, jarm sm kujurau gm uobfbhŪa prlvljatĊ jmflrfafŪb0 gm dapt, mrau ouft oab gurb ju mb èhŜbŜb, gmjët ju aftm
pmrslah m. AŜa jĊ rĊ utatma flr h u mra èhgrmp tatĊ h uoab è h ada rĊ, j ebar gajĊ rmjuhl Ŝtmau jĊ gm ouftm lrb èb jrbtbj au pm afŪbb,
pmhtru a-Ŝb g lolfb p rlprbuf smhtbom ht gm èhglbafĊ .
Yrboa prlplzbŪbm a gbsjursufub jbtat af fub Wemlglrm [llsmvmft spuhm dlartm ouft3 ‘Boplrtaht hu m jmf jarm jrbtbjĊ".
BhtmrvbmvaŪbb omb, autlgmdbhbhgu-sm ja ‘pmrslahm jrbtbjm", agobtmau jĊ sboŪbsmrĊ gm ouftm lrb jĊ hu jlhtau pmhtru jmbfafŪb, jĊ
mrau fbpsbŪb gm boplrtahŪĊ, ka jebar bhvbzbkbfb pmhtru jmb gbh cur. Jrbtbja mra l olgafbtatm gm a sm dajm auzbŪb. Jëhg b-ao runat
sĊ-ob mxpfbjm juo mvlfuasmrĊ gm fa jrbtbja gbstrujtbvĊ fa jma jlhstrujtbvĊ Ŝb gm fa jbhbso fa mdlrtuf gm a jlhtrbkub ju jmva,
129
ob-au gmsjrbs uh prljms jarm mstm boanbhma èh lnfbhgĊ a rmzb- fbmhŪmb fa ruŜbhm3 oab èhtëb, rmafbzasmrĊ jm ahuom fm gmjfahŜa
rmajŪba jrbtbjĊ Ŝb juo fm admjta ma smhtbomhtuf prlprbmb vaflrb0 gupĊ jarm gbsjutasmrĊ gmsprm ajmst fujru ju aftm pmrslahm, èh
jarm avmau èhjrmgmrm, Ŝb fm jmrusmrĊ acutlruf. OufŪb gbhtrm ajmb kĊrkaŪb Ŝb dmomb sĊpasmrĊ agëhj èh sbhma flr, ja sĊ-Ŝb èhŪmfmanĊ
hmvlba gm a db ‘tarb". Juo acuhsmsm ajmastĊ hmvlbm l vaflarm boplrtahtĊ pmhtru mb Ŝb ju jm jlsturb vmhma prmtmhŪba jĊ atëtma
fujrurb h-avmau hbjb l boplrtahŪĊ pmhtru mb<
Wmaoa gm a db vufhmrakbf platm gmjfahŜa jruzboma, jrbtbja rĊuvlbtlarm Ŝb jbhbsouf èh dbmjarm gbhtrm
hlb. A dajm mdlrturb gm a-Ūb asuoa gm dbmjarm gatĊ rmsplhsakbfbtatma pmhtru jmma jm ab spus mstm uha
gbhtrm olgafbtĊŪbfm prbh jarm putmo jlhstata jm mstm agmvĊrat Ŝb jm m dafs èh bhtmhŪbbfm hlastrm.
èhgrĊzhmŜtm ju lrbjm prmŪ Ŝb puhm-Ūb huomfm èh grmptuf jlomhtarbbflr pm jarm fm dajb Lhfbhm. GajĊ
hu tm sboŪb jlhdlrtakbf, vĊzëhgu-Ūb huomfm èh grmptuf adbroaŪbbflr pm jarm fm-ab plstat, atuhjb
rmhuhŪĊ gm fa kuh èhjmput sĊ fm oab dlroufmzb. Bar, gajĊ jbtmŜtb jm spuh mu ajuo Ŝb agobhbstrmzb uh
sbtm jarm pmrobtm jlomhtarbb, atuhjb ar trmkub sĊ èhgrĊzhmŜtb ju lrbjm prmŪ Ŝb sĊ-b gmtmrobhb pm
utbfbzatlrb sĊ-Ŝb gmsjebgĊ jlhturb pm huomfm flr rmafm, sĊ-b jlhvbhnb pm omokrbb ajmfmb jlouhbtĊŪb
lhfbhm sĊ-Ŝb asuom rmsplhsakbfbtatma, pmhtru a jrma uh omgbu vbrtuaf rmspmjtakbf.
Ym fëhnĊ omrsuf pm sëroĊ, prajtbjarma rmzbfbmhŪmb fa ruŜbhm Ŝb jlhstrubrma uhmb pfasm gm sbnurahŪĊ
dlroatm gbhtr-l jlouhbtatm gm laomhb jarm oĊ acutĊ, atuhjb jëhg suht atajatĊ sau cbnhbtĊ, ao oab
pus èh apfbja rm gl uĊ str atmnbb . Yrb oa m sbopfĊ3 hu aj jmpt Ŝb hu ajlrg atmhŪbm gmjët lksmrva Ūbbflr
jrbtbjm vmhbtm gm fa pmrslahm jarm au jlklrët Ŝb mfm èh armhĊ. Mstm ouft oab prlkakbf sĊ dbu
bhtmrmsatĊ gm jmma jm ab gm spus gmsprm ouhja oma, gajĊ tm mxpub Ŝb tu, ja Ŝb obhm, rbsjufub gm a
prbob Ŝuturb èh duh g pmht ru bgm bfm d lroufat m Ŝb gajĊ èhjmrj b sĊ j auŪb l jafm gm a rĊoëhm gmsjeb s fa
rmajŪbbfm jrbtbjm afm jmflr gbh curuf tĊu,

121
dĊrĊ a db pltlpbt gm bhsuftm. GajĊ, pm gm aftĊ partm, bhtmhŪba ta hu mstm sĊ oĊ acuŪb sau sĊ jlhtrbkub ju jmva, hbjb hu gab smohm
j-ab avma Ŝb tu ‘spbrbguŜbb" tĊb, ju jarm tm fupŪb, atuhjb hu suht gmflj bhtmrmsatĊ gm jlomhtarbbfm tafm.
A glua stratmnbm mstm fa dmf gm sbopfĊ. Ylrt omrmu èh plrtldmf l kujĊŪbjĊ gm eërtbm, pm jarm ao sjrbs huomfm ajmflr
pmrsla hm, a jĊrlr lpbhbm jlhtma zĊ pmhtru obhm. Ja sĊ acuhnb pm ajmas tĊ fbstĊ, trmkubm sĊ oĊ bukmŜtb pmhtru puhjtm fm omfm
tarb, prmjuo Ŝb pmhtru prlkfmomfm ju jarm oĊ jlhdruht. Wrmkubm sĊ Ŝtbb jĊ èhjmrj sĊ trĊbmsj gbh pfbh, gar Ŝb jĊ èhcur prma
ouft, jĊ fm arĊt gmnmtuf obcfljbu Ŝldmrbflr jarm oĊ mhmrvmazĊ èh tradbj, bar pm bYlg -uf -uf omu nĊsmŜtb Ŝb Omtaffbja, Ŝb
Fawrmhjm ^mf`*. Wrmkubm sĊ Ŝtbb Ŝb sĊ rmspmjŪb daptuf jĊ hu suht gmflj l ‘ŜomjemrĊ". ūbh obhtm l rmpfbjĊ gbh dbfouf
Aprlapm dabols3 ‘Zbhnura olhmgĊ vaflrlasĊ gbh fuoma asta dafbomhtarĊ mstm jmma jm èopĊrŪb ju aftjbhmva, jëhg mŜtb uh
dbtmjbhm".
Ja sĊ dbbdbb pm fbstfbstaa oma,

oma, trmktrmkub
ubmm sĊ èopĊr
èopĊrŪb
Ūbo
o jmma
jmma jm mu hu huom
omsj
sj ‘l prbm
prbmtm
tmhb
hbmm ju vmrnmt vmrnmtururb"
b" ‗ ao tlt tlt
èhtb
èhtbhs
hs Ŝb tras
tras gm fmnĊtu
fmnĊturara hlhlas
astr
trĊ,
Ċ, pëhĊ
pëhĊ jëhg
jëhg a gmvmh
gmvmhbt bt partm
partm gbh
gbh jmma
jmma jm suht suhtmo
mo èh prmzm prmzmhtht,, l a glgluaua
pbmfm, bar èh pfus, au rĊoas Ŝb jëtmva jbjatr bjm, ja sĊ hm aobhtma sjĊ prbh jm ao trmjut . Hbjb uhuf hu
m oab
oab kukuh,h, èh raplr
raplrtt ju jmfĊfaf
jmfĊfaft.
t. Hu jrmg
jrmg jĊ m jbhm jbhmvava jarm
jarm sĊ abkĊ oab ouft ouft gm uh uhaa sau
sau glgluĊ
uĊ rmfaŪb
rmfaŪbbb
gm dmfuf
dmfuf ajms
ajmsta.
ta. M dlart dlartmm bopl
boplrtrtaht
aht sĊ hu gmsj gmsjlh
lhsb
sbgm
gmrb
rb ajmst
ajmstmm ‘prb
‘prbmt
mtmh
mhbb
bb ju vmrn vmrnmt mtur
urb"
b",, ja sĊ jëŜtbjëŜtbnb
nb
aprl
aprlka
karm
rmaa uh uhlr
lr strĊ
strĊbh
bhbb jarm
jarm suht
suht rĊut
rĊutĊjb
ĊjblŜ
lŜb,
b, omsje
omsjebh bhbb sau
sau ouft
ouft prma
prma ‘Ŝom
‘Ŝomjejemr
mrb" b".. Jmf
Jmf oab oab kukuhh jbta
jbtatt
jarm
jarm sĊ-Ū
sĊ-Ūbb smrv
smrvmas
masjĊjĊ grmp
grmptt omomhtl suht suht juvbjuvbht
htmf
mfmm hmou
hmourb
rbtl
tlarm
arm afm
afm fubfub Zjltt
Zjltt Ztrat Ztrattm
tmh,
h, autl
autlru
ruff jĊrŪ
jĊrŪbb
bb
Hm-oar`mtbhn3 ‘Hu
Hm-oar`mtbhn3 ‘Hu èhjm èhj mrj
rjaa sĊ fm jjëëŜt Ŝtbn
bnbb sbop
sbopatatba
ba jjmmfl
flrr rĊb
rĊb Ŝb omsj omsjee bh
bh b,b, arĊt
arĊtëh
ëhgg u-f
u-fmm jĊ h -au -au
grmptatm0 hu-b trmaka ta sĊ-b èokfëhzmŜtb pm tbjĊflŜb".
* Gbrbclr gm kbn këhg, prmzmht èh mobsbuhb gm tmfmvbzbuhm èh Z]A gbh ahbb 12=9 pëhĊ èh ahbb 1259. (h. trag.)
8
Juo sĊ juftbvb sjebokarma Ŝb
sĊ rmgujb
smhtbomhtuf gm èhstrĊbharm
jrmat
gm gmtaŜarma molŪblhafĊ
‘A DB AWMHū WMHūBB FA BHWM BHWM[ [TAF" AF" prmsu
prmsupu
puhmhm sĊ avmo avmo èh vmgmrm
vmgmrm omrmuomrmu gbst gbstahŪ
ahŪaa gbht
gbhtrm
rm flju
fljuff
èh jarm
jarm suht
suhtmo
mo Ŝb jmf èh jarm jarm vrmo
vrmo sĊ acuh acuhnm
nmo.
o. Oab Oab bopl
boplrtrtah
ahtt mstm
mstm jĊ trmk trmkub
ubmm sĊ pu puhmo
hmo èh
apfb
apfbjar
jarmm vafl
vaflrb
rbfm
fm pm jarm
jarm fm jlhs jlhsbg
bgmrĊ
mrĊoo boplboplrtrtah
ahtmtm èh juft
juftur
uraa hl hlas
astr
trĊ.
Ċ. Ymhtr
Ymhtruu a gmpĊŜgmpĊŜbb ajms
ajmstt
bhtm
bhtmrv
rvaf,
af, m hmvl
hmvlbm
bm sĊ hm asuo asuoĊoĊo vuvufh
fhmra
mrakb
kbfb
fbta
tatm
tmaa Ŝb sĊ juft juftbvbvĊo
Ċo rmzbg
rmzbgmhŪ
mhŪaa fa ruŜb ruŜbhm,
hm, pmht
pmhtruru
jĊ vlvloo acuh
acuhnm
nm èh sbtu
sbtuaŪ
aŪbb
bb èh jarm jarm va trmku
trmkubb sĊ hm gmsj gmsjur
urjĊo
jĊo ja fbgm fbgmrb
rb,, pĊrbh
pĊrbhŪb
Ūb Ŝb mguj
mgujatatlr
lrbb èh
olg
olg urb
urb h lb
lb Ŝb bhjl
bhjlhh dl
dl rta
rtakk bfm
bfm.. Hu trmktrmkuu bm
bm sĊ dbo dbo p mrd
mrdmj
m jŪb
Ūb,, jb g lar lar bopbop fbj
fbjaŪ
aŪbb Ŝb g mg mg bja
bj aŪb
Ūb
sjlpufub gm a dajm ajŪbuhbfm hlastrm jlhdlrom vaflrbflr pm jarm fm susŪbhmo.
Dlroufa ‘AtmhŪbm fa bhtmrvaf!" a dlst dlflsbtĊ pmhtru prboa gatĊ èh omtrluf flhglhmz, èh 1242,
pmhtru a-b a vmrtbz a pm pasanm rb sĊ dbm at mhŪb j ëhg p ĊŜmau pmstm bhtmrv afuf g bhtrm uŜa tr mhufub Ŝb
pmrlh. Gm at uhjb, a gmvm hbt gm huobrma uhmb t rupm o uzbjaf m Ŝb tbtfuf uhub d bfo, Ŝ b a d lst bop rboatĊ
pm a prlapm lrbjm , gm fa trb jlurb pëhĊ f a prm Ŝurb. Avmo Ŝb hlb ajasĊ l jar tm pl ŜtafĊ objĊ, èhrĊoat Ċ,
jarm hm aobhtmŜtm sĊ hu ubtĊo gm bhtmrvafuf gbhtrm fljuf uhgm hm adfĊo Ŝb jmf uhgm vrmo sĊ
acuhnmo. Tlb
Tlb mxpfbja èh jlhtbhuarm ajmst fujru.
AWMHūBM FA BHWM[TAF!
12:
Ztratmnbm s, jufturĊ
èh glomhbuf tmlrbbflr gmsprm fuoma adajmrbflr, mxbstĊ l gbsputĊ èhjĊ gmsjebsĊ, èh fmnĊturĊ ju rmfaŪba gbhtrm stratmnbm Ŝb
jufturĊ Ŝb boplrtahŪa rmfatbvĊ a dbmjĊrmba. Ymhtru a gmdbhb tmromhbb ‗ prbh stratmnbm, èhŪmfmn ‘pfah gm ajŪbuhm ' sau uh
rĊspuhs gmtafbat fa èhtrmkarma3 ‘Jm ahuom vrmo sĊ lkŪbhmo Ŝb juo vrmo sĊ acuhnmo ajlfl<" Ju tlŪbb jlhjmpmo pfahurb gm
ajŪbuhm ‗ daobfbb, nrupurb rmfbnblasm, mjebpm gm prlbmjtahŪb, mgujatlrb. Ju tlŪbb hm nëhgbo fa sjlpurbfm pm jarm vrmo sĊ fm
atbhnmo Ŝb fa paŜbb pm jarm trmkubm sĊ-b dajmo, gajĊ glrbo sĊ avmo sujjms.
Juftura, pm gm aftĊ partm, arm fmnĊturĊ oab jurëhg ju jmma jm suhtmo, gmjët ju jmma jm vrmo sĊ lkŪbhmo. Gbhtr-l
oufŪbom
oufŪbom gm gmdbhbŪbb
gmdbhbŪbb jlopfmxm
jlopfmxm afm jufturbb,
jufturbb, bhjfusbv jmfm jarm ob-au gat oarb kĊtĊb gm jap èh ahbb gm dajuftatm,
dajuftatm, fa
jursurbfm gm sljblflnbm, jmf oab ouft èob pfajm uha jarm mstm Ŝb jma oab sbopfĊ. Wmrrmhjm Gmaf Ŝb Affah @mhhmgy,
pblhbmr b èh glomhbu f t mlrbbf lr gmsprm juftura lrnahbz aŪblha fĊ, adbroĊ 3 ‘Juftur a m olguf èh jarm dajmo fujrur bfm pm-
abjb". èob pfajm ajmastĊ gmdbhbŪbm,
gmdbhbŪbm, dbbhgjĊ parm sĊ dbm agmvĊratĊ
agmvĊratĊ èh fmnĊturĊ
fmnĊturĊ ju tlatm jufturbfm
jufturbfm ‗ gm fa juftura
juftura oab
vastĊ a hmoufŪuobrbb, gmsprm jarm ao sjrbs èh prbouf japbtlf, pëhĊ fa juftura spmjbdbjĊ uhmb ahuobtm lrnahbzaŪbb lrb
jma jarm gmdbhmŜtm daobfba oma.
Dbmjarm jlhvmrsaŪbm pm jarm l ao ju fbgmrbb uhlr lrnahbzaŪbb sm trahsdlroĊ èhtr-uh dmf gm gmzkatmrm èh fmnĊturĊ ju jm mstm
oab boplrtaht, stratmnba sau juftura. ]ha gbhtrm takmrm m gm ajlrg ju dabolsuf jbtat agmsmlrb atrbkubt fub Ymtmr Gruj`mr, l
autlrbtatm èh glomhbu3 ‘Juftura oĊhëhjĊ stratmnba pm pëbhm". AfŪbb jlhsbgmrĊ jĊ puhmrma prlkfmomb suk dlroĊ gm gbsputĊ
jrmmazĊ l dafsĊ gbeltlobm Ŝb jĊ avmo hmvlbm gm aoëhgluĊ. Bhtmrmsaht mstm jĊ èhjĊ h-ao nĊsbt uh arnuomht smrbls af bgmbb
jĊ stratmnba ar db oab boplrtahtĊ gmjët juftura. Jrmg jĊ tlatĊ fuoma mstm gm ajlrg, èh tmlrbm, jĊ ‘jmma jm suhtmo" mstm jmf
puŪbh fa dm f gm boplrta ht ja ‘fujr uf pm jarm vrmo sĊ-f l kŪbhmo" .
127
èh tbop
tbop jm uhuhbb
bb sm pfëhn
pfëhn jĊ gmzk
gmzkatm
atmrm
rmaa m vmje
vmjemm Ŝb hu ju ouftouft oaboab dmrt
dmrtbf
bfĊĊ gmjët
gmjët prlkf
prlkfmo
moaa ‘jm
‘jm a dlst
dlst
oab
oab èhtë
èhtëb,
b, lu
luff sau
sau nĊbh
nĊbha<
a<"" mu jrmg
jrmg èh bopl
boplrt
rtahŪ
ahŪaa mb,
mb, èh jazuf
jazuf lrnah
lrnahbzbzaŪ
aŪbb
bbfl
flr.
r. èhjĊ
èhjĊ Ŝb oab
oab bopl
boplrt
rtah
aht,
t,
jrmg jĊ mxaobharma ajmstlr jemstbuhb platm gujm fa trahsdlroĊrb èh daobfbb, Ŝjlfb Ŝb jlouhbtĊŪb.
‘Olguf juo dajmo fujrurbfm pm-abjb" ‗ sau juftura ‗ m jmva jlopfmx. Gbh mxpmrbmhŪa oma, plŪb adfa l oufŪbom gm
fujrurb gmsprm jufturĊ Ŝb vaflrbfm uhub nrup, daobfbb sau lrnahbzaŪbb, puhëhg
uroĊtlarmfm zmjm èhtrmkĊrb3
1. Jarm
Jarm jlopl
jloplrta rtaomh
omhtm tm suht
suht rmjlopm
rmjlopmhsa hsatm<
tm< Gar
Gar pmgmp
pmgmpsbt
sbtm<
m<
;. ]hgm
]hgm Ŝb juo èŜb èŜb jemft
jemftubm
ubmsj
sj laomhb
laomhbbb rmsursm
rmsursmfm
fm (tbop,
(tbop, kahb
kahb,, atmhŪbm
atmhŪbm)<
)<
:. Jm rmnuf
rmnufbb Ŝb aŜtmpt
aŜtmptĊrb
Ċrb suht
suht uroatm,
uroatm, èhtĊrbt
èhtĊrbtmm Ŝb bnhl
bnhlrat
ratm<
m<
7. Laomhbb
Laomhbb sm sbot sudbjbmht
sudbjbmht sbnurb
sbnurb pm mb, èhjët sĊ vlrkmasjĊ
vlrkmasjĊ gmsprm
gmsprm jmma jm sbot
sbot Ŝb sĊ jmarĊ
jmarĊ
acutlruf<
=. Jarm suht
suht ‘vajbfm
‘vajbfm sajrm"<
sajrm"< Jbhm-b
Jbhm-b va
va sjĊpa gm mfm pm jmbfafŪb,
jmbfafŪb, jmf oab prlkakbf<
prlkakbf< Jbhm
Jbhm va glrb
glrb sĊ fm
apmrm<
4. Jarm plvmŜt
plvmŜtbb suht
suht omrmu
omrmu rmplvmstb
rmplvmstbtm,
tm, èh jagruf nrupufub,
nrupufub, ŜbŜb jm vaflrb trahsobt
trahsobt mfm<
mfm<
>. Jm sm èhtëopfĊ
èhtëopfĊ jëhgjëhg jbhmva
jbhmva mŜumazĊ,
mŜumazĊ, jëhg
jëhg èbèb gmzaoĊnmŜtm
gmzaoĊnmŜtm pm jmbfafŪb
jmbfafŪb sau jlobtm
jlobtm l nrmŜmafĊ<
nrmŜmafĊ<
5. Juo mstm pmrjmputĊ
pmrjmputĊ vufhmr
vufhmrakbfb
akbfbtatma
tatma (hmsbnurahŪ
(hmsbnurahŪa, a, rbsjuf
rbsjuf sau mxpuhmrm
mxpuhmrmaa molŪblha
molŪblhafĊ)<
fĊ)<
2. Jët gm
gm gms èhtëf
èhtëfhbt
hbtmm suht
suht ruŜbhm
ruŜbhmaa Ŝb èhvbh
èhvbhubr
ubrma
ma Ŝb juo
juo bau mfmmfm haŜtmrm<
haŜtmrm<
19. Jarm mstm tlfmrahŪ
tlfmrahŪaa nrupufub
nrupufub daŪĊ gm gbsjlhdlr
gbsjlhdlrt< t< Gbsjlhdlrtu
Gbsjlhdlrtuff hĊsjut gbh gbh èhvĊŪarma
èhvĊŪarma Ŝb èhjmrjarma
èhjmrjarma
gm fujrurb hlb, gbh daptuf gm a ga Ŝb a prbob rmajŪbb mstm l hlroĊ èh nrup, sau, oab gmnrakĊ, jlhdlrtuf mstm l vaflarm
a nrupufub<
èh dbmjarm gbhtrm smjŪbuhbfm uroĊtlarm, vlb aklrga olguf èh jarm ajmstm fujrurb hm bhdfumhŪmazĊ vbaŪa Ŝb jm aspmjtm ob sm par
oab smohbdbjatbvm, gar oab èhtëb vrmau sĊ mxpfbj jm uroĊrmsj prbh ajmstm èhtrmkĊrb.
12=
DbbhgjĊ stugbmz juftura ja èhtrmn, jrmg jĊ dlrŪa ajmstlr èhtrmkĊrb stĊ èh putmrma flr gm a sjlatm fa fuobhĊ zlhmfm jmfm oab
èhtuhmjatm afm mxbstmhŪmb hlastrm3 smhtbomhtuf gm èhstrĊbharm, gmtaŜarma molŪblhafĊ Ŝb fbpsa vaflrbb pmrslhafm. Hu huoab jĊ
ajmstm èhtrmkĊrb hm acutĊ sĊ èhŪmfmnmo l jufturĊ ‗ mfm puh èh mvbgmhŪĊ ahuobtm gbsjrmpahŪm èhtrm ‘jmma jm spuhmo" Ŝb
‘jmma jm dajmo", sau èhtrm vaflrbfm pm jarm fm susŪbhmo Ŝb vaflrbfm pm jarm fm puhmo èh prajtbjĊ. Granuf omu prbmtmh
Jearfms @bfmy dlflsmŜtm tmromhuf gm ‘vaflrb aspbraŪblhafm", pmhtru a gmsjrbm vaflrbfm pm jarm fm adbŜĊo ja ahnacaŪb, pĊrbhŪb
sau Ŝmdb. GajĊ vrmo sĊ bgmhtbdbjĊo jlrmjt prlkfmomfm ju jarm hm jlhdruhtĊo Ŝb sĊ jrmĊo stratmnbb prbh jarm sĊ sjebokĊo
èh kbhm l sbtuaŪbm, trmkubm sĊ jloparĊo ajmstm vaflrb aspbraŪblhafm ju jmma jm mu huomsj ‘vaflrb prajtbjm", jarm sm vĊg èh
dmfuf èh jarm trĊbo, sboŪbo, nëhgbo Ŝb hm jloplrtĊo. Dajmo, larm, ju agmvĊrat, jmma jm spuhmo< [Ċspuhsuf fa ajmastĊ
èhtrmkarm platm db dlartm bhjlhdlrtakbf.
Zmhtbomhtuf gm èhstrĊbharm
èhstrĊbharm
jrmat gm gmtaŜarma molŪblhafĊ
BatĊ jarm m tmlrba oma3 gmtaŜarma molŪblhafĊ stĊ fa kaza jmflr oab ouftm prlkfmom pm jarm fm-ao èhtëfhbt èh daobfbb, Ŝjlfb,
jlouhbtĊŪb Ŝb lrnahbzaŪbb, Ŝb ba ouftm dlrom, bhjfusbv jmfm pm jarm fm-ao gbsjutat èh japbtlfuf gmsprm stratmnbbfm gm apĊrarm.
Hm gmt aŜĊo m olŪblhaf , ja sĊ hm prltmc Ċo gm vufhmr akbfbta tm, gm ruŜb hm Ŝb jëhg hm sboŪ bo pbmr guŪb, dĊrĊ uh sjl p. Hm
gmtaŜĊo molŪblhaf, atuhjb jëhg vmgmo jĊ ajmba jarm hm jlhguj, Ŝmdbb, prldmslrbb, gbrmjtlruf, prmlŪbb, pĊrbhŪbb, plfbtbjbmhbb
hlŜtrb, hu sm ajebtĊ gm partma flr gbh jlhtrajtuf sljbaf.
Ylfbtbja mstm uh mxjmfmht mxmopfu gmŜb uhuf gurmrls ‗ gm glomhbu èh jarm sm prlgujm l gmtaŜarm
molŪblhafĊ, jarm arm fmnĊturĊ ju uh ahuobt jlhtrajt sljbaf. Ylfbtbjbmhbb gbh aokmfm pĊrŪb afm
spmjtrufub plfbtbj daj fmnb pm jarm hu sm sbot lkfbnaŪb
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sĊ fm Ŝb rmspmjtm sau jarm hu-b admjtmazĊ, lrb aglptĊ jloplrtaomhtm jarm pm uh lo lkbŜhubt f-ar kĊna fa èhjebslarm, f-ar
dajm sĊ gbvlrŪmzm sau sĊ dbm jlhjmgbat. Taflrbfm pm jarm mb fm susŪbh vmrkaf jlhtrastmazĊ gmsmlrb ju jmfm jarm sm oahbdmstĊ èh
jloplrtaomhtuf flr. Řb mstm uobfbtlr pmhtru hlb sĊ-b vmgmo juo sm èhvbhlvĊŪmsj Ŝb èhjmarjĊ sĊ sm dajĊ gm ruŜbhm uhbb pm
afŪbb. èh dmfuf ajmsta, mb hu sm ajebtĊ gm partma flr gbh jlhtrajtuf sljbaf, bar huoĊruf èh sjĊgmrm af vltahŪbflr mstm uh bhgbjbu
ju prbvbrm fa gmtaŜarma flr molŪblhafĊ.
]h aft mxmopfu gm glomhbu èh jarm sm prlgujm l gmtaŜarm molŪblhafĊ avëhg fmnĊturĊ ju hmrmspmjtarma jlhtrajtufub sljbaf
mstm rmfbnba. èh prbouf rëhg, gmtaŜarma molŪblhafĊ ba haŜtmrm, atuhjb jëhg jlhgujĊtlrbb hu trĊbmsj pltrbvbt vaflrbflr pm jarm
fm faugĊ. èh af glbfma rëhg, èhtr-l fuom hmsbnurĊ, gm ouftm lrb hm glrbo ju gbspmrarm jmva jarm sĊ abkĊ vaflarm akslfutĊ.
Mstm rĊspuhsuf uoah fa tmaoĊ.
Jëhg fbgmrbb rmfbnblŜb sm dlflsmsj gm drbja Ŝb hmvlba laomhbflr gm jmrtbtugbhm Ŝb mxtran vufhmrakbfbtatm gbh spbrbtuafbtatm,
jlhduhgëhg jrmgbhŪa Ŝb jlhdlrobsouf rmfbnbls, èh flj sĊ hm èhvmŪm juo sĊ hm jlhdruhtĊo ju hmjuhlsjutuf Ŝb juo sĊ
ajjmptĊo obstmruf, èhsĊŜb jrmgbhŪa gmvbhm dlroĊ
nlafĊ. JrmgbhŪĊ obhus vufhmrakbfbtatm mnaf plfbtbjĊ, sau, Ŝb oab rĊu, mxtrmobso. FmnĊturbfm spbrbtuafm Ŝb bopfbjarma hu suht
jfĊgbtm pm jlhdlrobsouf rmfbnbls, jb suht l jlhsmjbhŪĊ a bukbrbb, a smhtbomhtufub gm apartmhmhŪĊ Ŝb a vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb.
uroĊtlarma èhtrmkarm3 jufturbfm
Zm puhm uroĊtlarma jarm jlhguj fa èhstrĊbharm Ŝb gmtaŜarm molŪblhafĊ hu suht jrmatm ju kuhĊ bhtmhŪbm èh
daobfbb, Ŝjlfb, jlouhbtĊŪb Ŝb lrnahbzaŪbb0 gar atuhjb, juo sm dlromazĊ mfm< Juo sm dlromazĊ gbstahŪa gbhtrm aspbraŪbb Ŝb
daptm<
GbstahŪa èŜb arm lrbnbhma uroĊtlruf dapt3 hu
lrbnbhma èh uroĊtlruf putmo sĊ fm gĊo jmflrfafŪb jmma jm hu avmo. Jbhm mŜtb mstm bhdbhbt oab
boplrtaht gmjët jmma jm Ŝtbb sau jmma jm vrmb sĊ dbb.
12>
GbstahŪa gbhtrm vaflrbfm pusm èh prajtbjĊ (ahuom jm nëhgbo, jm sboŪbo Ŝb jm dajmo) Ŝb vaflrbfm hlastrm aspbraŪblhafm (jm
vrmo sĊ nëhgbo, sĊ sboŪbo, sĊ dajmo) mstm jmma jm mu huomsj ‘èhstrĊbharma jrmatĊ gm gmtaŜarma molŪblhafĊ". Mstm jmma jm
sm èhtëopfĊ jëhg hm rupmo gm ahnacaŪbb hlŜtrb, gm jfbmhŪb, stugmhŪb, prldmslrb, gm jlhnrmnaŪba gbh jarm dajmo partm, jebar Ŝb
gm jlpbbb hlŜtrb. Yutmo dajm paŜb urbaŜb, pm olomht ‗ putmo jebar sĊ strĊkatmo gbhtr-uh saft jrmvasmfm jarm sm dlromazĊ èh
sbstmouf hlstru gm vaflrb ajasĊ, fa fujru sau fa ŜjlafĊ, gar, fa uh olomht gat, atuhjb jëhg èh fljuf flr a apĊrut l prĊpastbm,
suhtmo pbmrguŪb. BatĊ gm jm jufturbfm gmzuoahbzahtm gau haŜtmrm jmfub oab èhaft hbvmf gm gmtaŜarm molŪblhafĊ ‗ mfm guj fa
dlroarma gm jrmvasm èh sbstmouf gm vaflrb, pm jarm laomhbb èh jarhm Ŝb lasm hu plt spmra sĊ fm strĊkatĊ ju sujjms.
ZĊ aruhjĊo l prbvbrm asupra jëtlrva prlkfmom lkbŜhubtm, jarm apar èh jagruf daobfbbflr. Dlflsmsj
astdmf gm mxmopfm, dbbhgjĊ tlŪb dajmo partm gbh jëtm l daobfbm. Jebar gajĊ hu avmo jlpbb, ao dlst
jrmsjuŪb gm hbŜtm agufŪb. Dbmjarm a avut ljazba sĊ jlhstatm, fa uh olomht gat gbh vbaŪa sa, mxbstmhŪa
uhmb gbstahŪm èhtrm vaflrbfm pusm èh prajtbjĊ Ŝb jmfm aspbraŪblhafm, jrmëhg èhstrĊbharma spmjbdbjĊ
gmtaŜĊrbb molŪblhafm.
1. Taflrb aspbraŪblhafm3 jbhstma Ŝb bhtmnrbtatma
Taflrb pusm èh prajtbjĊ3 raŪblhafbzarma Ŝb atbtugbhma ‘dbm jm-l db"
Oaoa
Oaoa fm spuh spuhmm omrmu
omrmu jlpbb
jlpbbfl
flrr jët
jët gm boplboplrt
rtah
ahtĊ
tĊ suht
suht jbhst
jbhstma
ma Ŝb bhtm
bhtmnrnrbt
btatm
atma,
a, Ŝb jĊ hu va
ajjm
ajjmpt
ptaa ja mb sĊ durm durm Ŝb sĊ obht
obhtĊĊ fa Ŝjla
ŜjlafĊ.
fĊ. èhsĊ,
èhsĊ, atuhj
atuhjbb jëhg
jëhg gmsja
gmsjarjrjĊĊ èh oaŜb
oaŜbhĊ
hĊ jlŜu
jlŜuff gm
juop
juopĊrĊrĊt
Ċtur
urb,
b, ma èŜb
èŜb gĊ smao
smaoaa jĊ vrml
vrml jëtmv
jëtmvaa suju
sujurb
rb h-au
h-au dlst
dlst èhrm
èhrmnb
nbst
strat
ratmm fa jasĊ.
jasĊ. èh flj
flj sĊ
sm èhtlarjĊ èh oanazbh, ma rbgbjĊ gbh uomrb Ŝb zbjm3 ‘Hu m vbha oma.
Řb, lrbjuo, jmb gm fa oanazbh jëŜtbnĊ l oufŪbom gm kahb."

;. Taflrb aspbraŪblhafm3 rmspmjtuf Ŝb rmsplhsakbfbtatma
Taflrb pusm èh prajtbjĊ3 m oab boplrtaht jm sm platm glkëhgb rmpmgm Ŝb uŜlr.
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Wata bhsbstĊ omrmu pm boplrtahŪa rmspmjtufub Ŝb a rmsplhsakbfbtĊŪbb, gar, jëhg Klkky èb strbjĊ
bhtmhŪblhat cujĊrba fub Zaooy, tata mstm prma ljupat sĊ vlrkmasjĊ fa tmfmdlh, ja sĊ gbsjutm
ju jmb glb draŪb Ŝb sĊ fm mxpfbjm juo trmkubm sĊ abkĊ dbmjarm nrbc Ċ gm cujĊrbbfm jmfubfaft. èh flj
sĊ-f puhĊ pm Klkky sĊ-Ŝb jmarĊ sjuzm Ŝb sĊ-Ŝb rmparm nrmŜmafa, mf rbgbjĊ gbh uomrb,
nëhgbhgu-sm jĊ3 ‘AŜa-s kĊbmŪbb, h-ab jm fm dajm", Ŝb fm spuhm sĊ omarnĊ dbmjarm èh jaomra fub.
:. Taflrb aspbraŪblhafm3 rmjuhlŜtbhŪa Ŝb rmspmjtuf
Taflrb pusm èh prajtbjĊ3 katcljura, smhtbomhtuf jĊ hu gatlrmzb hboĊhub rmjuhlŜtbhŪĊ pmhtru jm ab,
fbpsa gm rmspmjt
Oaoa Ŝb tata spuh omrmu jĊ hu suht rmspmjtaŪb èhgmacuhs Ŝb jĊ s-au sĊturat gm

jloplrtaomhtuf fbpsbt gm rmspmjt af jlpbbflr flr. Gar Ŝb oaoa, Ŝb tata ŪbpĊ uhuf fa aftuf Ŝb-Ŝb
spuh èh tlatm dmfurbfm. Hbomhb gbh jasĊ hu spuhm ‘tm rln" sau ‘oufŪuomsj" ‗ hbjb oĊjar
mb, pĊrbhŪbb. Oab ouft, oaoa Ŝb tata èb cbnhmsj pm jlpbb, gar Ŝb mb èhtrm mb, Ŝb omokrbb daobfbmb
lkbŜhubmsj sĊ sm katcljlrmasjĊ uhbb pm afŪbb, pëhĊ sm fasĊ ju pfëhsmtm. Yrlkfmoa m jĊ pĊrbhŪbb
sm aŜtmaptĊ gm fa jlpbbb flr sĊ abkĊ bgmb, molŪbb Ŝb jloplrtaomhtm, pm jarm mb èhŜbŜb hu fm-au
olgmfat.
7. Taflarm aspbraŪblhafë3 bopuhmrma uhlr fbobtm
Taflarm pusm èh prajtbjĊ3 rĊzvrĊtbrma Ŝb atbtugbhbfm Ŝomjemrm Ŝtb suht boplrtahtm.

Cufbm arm Ŝaptmsprmzmjm ahb, bar dratmfm mb oab obj, Austbh, arm pabsprmzmjm. YĊrbhŪbb fm-au bhtmrzbs fub Cufbm Ŝb
Austbh ju strbjtmŪm sĊ duomzm, sĊ jlhsuom afjllf Ŝb sĊ ba grlnurb. Gbh pĊjatm, oĊsurbfm flr h-au mdmjt.
Aoëhglb
Aoëhglb jlpbbb au dlst prbhŜb duoëhg,
duoëhg, bar Cufbm a dlst suspmhgatĊ,
suspmhgatĊ, gm jurëhg, pmhtru jĊ uh prldmslr gm fa
ŜjlafĊ b-a nĊsbt vlgjĊ èh stbjfa gm apĊ. Cufbm èŜb prbvmŜtm pĊrbhŪbb Ŝb fm strbnĊ3 ‘ZuhtmŪb hbŜtm bpljrbŪb! Hu vĊ oab
aobhtbŪb gmflj gm pmtrmjmrbfm hmkuhm pm jarm fm dĊjmaŪb ajasĊ, jëhg mraŪb fa fbjmu< Hbjb jĊ oaoa
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a dĊjut èhjebslarm< Tb s-a pĊrut aouzaht, jëhg hm-aŪb plvmstbt fujrurbfm-astma. Ka jebar hm-
aŪb arĊtat Ŝb dltlnradbb."
Bar ajuo, sĊ vmgmo l sbtuaŪbm èh jarm vaflrbfm aspbraŪblhafm suht ajmfmaŜb ju vaflrbfm pusm èh
prajtb jĊ.
Taflrb aspbraŪblhafm3 fmnĊturb molŪblhafm prlduhgm Ŝb smhtbomhtm rmspmjtatm
Taflrb pusm èh prajtbjĊ3 fmnĊturb molŪblhafm prlduhgm Ŝb smhtbomhtm rm spmjtatm
Oaoa Ŝb tata au èhjmrjat sĊ hm bhsudfm, ldmrbhgu-hm grmpt olgmf prlprbuf flr

jloplrtaomht, uh rmspmjt tltaf daŪĊ gm smhtbomhtmfm jmfubfaft. èhtr-l smarĊ, Euhtmr sm
èhtlarjm ajasĊ dlartm supĊrat, gm fa ahtrmhaomhtuf gm kasjemt. Hu-b vbhm gmflj uŜlr èh
jfasa a zmjma, bar ahtrmhlruf gm kasjemt èb dajm zbfm drbptm. Euhtmr èŜb aruhjĊ rujsajuf pm cls
èh kujĊtĊrbm Ŝb urjĊ gbrmjt èh jaomra fub, gm fa mtac. Oaoa Ŝb tata suht èh kujĊtĊrbm,
prmnĊt bhg jb ha, Ŝb uroĊrm sj tlt jm da jm Eu htmr. Wata stbhnm arana zuf, bar oa oa èb spuhm
kĊbatu fub oab obj jĊ au gm gbsjuta t ju Euhtmr Ŝb jĊ -f rla nĊ sĊ- b fasm jëtmv a olom htm
sbhnurb ju mf. ]rjĊ èoprmuhĊ èh jaomra dbufub flr Ŝb sm aŜazĊ pm oarnbhma patufub fub.
‘Oaoa Ŝb ju obhm Ŝtbo jĊ uftbomfm sĊptĊoëhb Ūb-au dlst nrmfm fa ŜjlafĊ", èhjmpm tata. ‘Hu
Ŝtbo mxajt juo tm sboŪb, gar vrmo sĊ Ŝtbo. Řb hluĊ hm-a dlst nrmu èh fbjmu Ŝb vrmo sĊ dzbo
afĊturb gm tbhm, bhgbdmrmht prbh jm trmjb."
Ajmsta s-a glvmgbt uh mxtralrgbhar mxmopfu gm gmpĊŜbrm a ;99
pmrdm jtm pmhtru jlpbbb hlŜtrb. Mu, jmf p uŪbh, Ŝtbu j Ċ hu plt. Gar atuhjb jëhg vaflrb fm hl astrm pusm èh pr ajtbjĊ bhtrĊ omrmu èh
jlhdfbjt ju aŜtmptĊrbfm pm jarm fm avmo gm fa jmbfafŪb, gmtaŜarma molŪblhafĊ mstm bhmvbtakbfĊ. GajĊ oaoa mstm mpubzatĊ gupĊ
jm a dĊjut juopĊrĊturbfm Ŝb omrnm ajasĊ l sbhnurĊ gatĊ, dĊrĊ sĊ pfĊtmasjĊ, s-ar putma sĊ hu jlhtmzm prma ouft. èhsĊ atuhjb
jëhg atbtugbhma gm tbpuf ‘plt sĊ sjap hmpmgmpsbt Ŝb, èh dlhg, hu suht mu gm vbhĊ" gmvbhm l rmnufĊ, ma trmkubm sĊ-Ŝb olgbdbjm
prlprb bfm aŜ tmptĊr b èh p rbvbhŪa obhjbuhb flr jl pbbflr mb.
GajĊ pfmajĊ gm fa oanazbh tarĊ sĊ pfĊtmasjĊ, gar pm uroĊ fm spuhm jlpbbflr3 ‘Ar db trmkubt sĊ oĊ èhtlrj Ŝb sĊ pfĊtmsj
sujurbfm. Hu jlhtmazĊ a jub a dlst nrmŜmafa. OĊ vlb gujm èhaplb sĊ rmzlfv sbtuaŪba" ‗ mb kbhm, mdmjtuf ar db dlartm putmrhbj.
FmjŪba pm jarm ar ga-l ar db3 ‘Trmau sĊ trĊbmsj gupĊ vaflrbfm èh jarm jrmg Ŝb mstm èh rmnufĊ, èh daobfba hlastrĊ, sĊ dbb
bopmrdmjt Ŝb sĊ oab Ŝb nrmŜmŜtb. Wrmkubm, tltuŜb, sĊ èhjmrjĊo sĊ fm rmparĊo, atuhjb jëhg hm stĊ èh putmrm sĊ dajmo asta."
Mxmopfuf jmfĊfaft, ju aglfmsjmhta jarm kma vlgjĊ, bfustrmazĊ l prlkfmoĊ gmsprm jarm pĊrbhŪbb èob vlrkmsj oab-tlt tbopuf.
‘Ym vrmoma ajmma, oĊ jloplrtao hmkuhmŜtm", èob spuh mb. ‘Ao dĊjut fujrurb pm jarm h-aŜ vrma sĊ fm dajĊ Ŝb jlpbbb omb.
Jm, ar trmkub sĊ obht èh fmnĊturĊ ju ajma pmrblagĊ<" Ao dlst, mu èhsĊob, l aglfmsjmhtĊ jarm ‘sm jloplrta hmkuhmŜtm", Ŝb aŜ
mstm jm èopĊrtĊŜmŜtb
spuhm jĊ prlkfmoa boplrtahtĊ hu mstm gajĊ sĊ obhŪb sau hu. Boplrtaht mstm jm Ŝb juo ahuom,
èopĊrtĊŜmŜtb gbh trmjutuf tĊu Ŝb juo ahuom,
èh prbouf rëhg, hu-b prbvmŜtm pm jlpbbb hlŜtrb tlt jm ao dĊjut sau dajmo. Wlt aŜa juo hbjb pm hlb h-ar trmkub sĊ hm prbvmasjĊ
tlt jm daj mb, atuhjb jëhg gmvbh agufŪb. AŜagar, ao dajm kbhm sĊ hm èhtrmkĊo jarm m oltbvuf pmhtru jarm afmnmo sĊ plvmstbo
l èhtëopfarm gbh vbaŪa hlastrĊ. Gm asmomhma, gmjbzba gm a plvmstb ar trmkub sĊ dbm suklrglhatĊ uhmb ahuobtm bgmb gmsprm
jmma jm vrmo sĊ-b èhvĊŪĊo pm jlpbbb hlŜtrb. èh af glbfma rëhg, l gbsjuŪbm sbhjmrĊ ju jlpbbb gmsprm jlhsuouf gm grlnurb Ŝb
;91
afjllf Ŝb mxpmrbmhŪmfm hlastrm ju astdmf gm prlkfmom, ar putma db gm acutlr. Gar atuhjb jëhg pĊrbhtmfm èŜb prmzbhtĊ
jloplrtaomh
jloplrtaomhtmfm
tmfm gm ahmstmzbmrm
ahmstmzbmrm admjtbvĊ Ŝb èhtëopfĊrbfm
èhtëopfĊrbfm gm fa pmtrmjmrb ja pm hbŜtm oarb daptm gm arom, Ŝb puhm èhtr-l
fuobhĊ
fuobhĊ dlartm plzbtbvĊ prlprba rmkmfbuhm
rmkmfbuhm gbh aglfmsjmhŪĊ,
aglfmsjmhŪĊ, atbtugbhma
atbtugbhma fub bhtrĊ èh jlhdfbjt
jlhdfbjt ju vaflrbfm
vaflrbfm pm jarm vrma sĊ fm
trahsobtĊ jlpbbflr sĊb.
èŪb oab aobhtmŜtb gm gbsputa èh fmnĊturĊ ju stratmnba Ŝb juftura< Jrmg jĊ aoëhgluĊ suht boplrtahtm
Ŝb jĊ avmo hmvlbm gm stratmnbb
stratmnbb jarm sĊ hm acutm sĊ èhgrĊzhbo ju lrbjm prmŪ, pmhtru a jlhstrub
jlhstrub jufturb èh jarm laomhbb sĊ
èhgrĊzhmasjĊ rmafomhtm ju lrbjm prmŪ. AŜa juo aratĊ mxmopfmfm èh jarm vaflrbfm aspbra- Ūblhafm Ŝb jmfm uroatm èh olg rmaf
suht pusm daŪĊ èh daŪĊ, gajĊ vrmo sĊ rmstakbfbo
rmstakbfbo fmnĊturb prlduhgm
prlduhgm Ŝb sĊ hm bopfbjĊo barĊŜb,
barĊŜb, hu trmkubm sĊ pbmrgmo
pbmrgmo gbh
vmgmrm gbstahŪa jrmatĊ gm gmtaŜarma molŪblhafĊ.
èhjmrjarma
èhjmrjarma gm a gmpĊŜb ajmastĊ gbstahŪĊ dajm partm gbh stratmnbbf
stratmnbbfmm jmflr jarm èhgrĊzhmsj
èhgrĊzhmsj ju lrbjm prmŪ. Wrmkubm
Wrmkubm avutĊ èh
vmgmrm omrmu gbstahŪa gbhtrm fljuf èh jarm suhtmo Ŝb jmf èh jarm vrmo sĊ acuhnmo. Oab boplrtaht ‗ trmkubm sĊ puhmo èh
apfbjarm vaflrbfm pm jarm fm jlhsbgmrĊo boplrtahtm pmhtru juftura hlastrĊ. Ymhtru a gmpĊŜb gbstahŪa, mstm hmjmsar sĊ hm
asuoĊo vufhmrakbfbtatma Ŝb sĊ juftbvĊo rmzbfbmhŪa fa ruŜbhm, pmhtru jĊ vlo acuhnm èh sbtuaŪbb èh jarm va trmkub sĊ hm
gmsjurjĊo ja fbgmrb, pĊrbhŪb Ŝb mgujatlrb, èh olgurb hlb Ŝb bhjlhdlrtakbfm. Hu trmkubm sĊ dbo pmrdmjŪb, glar bopfbjaŪb Ŝb
gmgbjaŪb
gmgbjaŪb sjlpufub gm a dajm ja ajŪbuhbfm
ajŪbuhbfm hlastrm sĊ jlrmspuhgĊ
jlrmspuhgĊ vaflrbflr
vaflrbflr pm jarm fm susŪbhmo.
susŪbhmo. WltlgatĊ,
WltlgatĊ, trmkubm sĊ dbo
prmnĊt bŪb3 spbrbgu Ŝbflr fm pfajm sĊ sm durbŜmz m èh spatmf m hlstru, tljoab jëhg suhtmo pm jafm sĊ jlklrë o èh armhĊ , sĊ dbo
vufhmrakbfb Ŝb sĊ hm asuoĊo hbŜtm rbsjurb.
èh uroĊ
uroĊtl
tlarm
armfm
fm glgluĊ
uĊ japbt
japbtlf
lfm,
m, vlvlbb dlfl
dlflsb
sb jlhj
jlhjmp
mptm
tmfm
fm pm jarm
jarm fm-ao
fm-ao bhtr
bhtrlg
lgus
us abjb
abjb,, pmht
pmhtru
ru a gbsju
gbsjuta
ta
gmsprm jmma jm jrmg jĊ trmkubm sĊ dajmo, pmhtru a juftbva bopfbjarma Ŝb a trahsdlroa,
;9;
èh ajmfaŜb tbop, rmfaŪbbfm daobfbafm, jmfm gbhtrm prldmslrb Ŝb mfmvb sau gbhtrm Ŝmdb Ŝb ahnacaŪb. Tlb èhjmrja sĊ rĊspuhg ajmstlr
trmb èhtrmkĊrb èh uroĊtlarmfm japbtlfm3
1. Juo admjtmazĊ
admjtmazĊ juftura
juftura fub ‘hbjblgatĊ
‘hbjblgatĊ hu-b
hu-b gmstuf*
gmstuf* Ŝjlfbfm
Ŝjlfbfm,, lrnahbzaŪbb
lrnahbzaŪbbfm
fm Ŝb daobf
daobfbbfm
bbfm hlastrm
hlastrm<<
;. Juo rmju
rmjuhla
hlaŜtm
Ŝtmoo Ŝb jloka
jlokatmo
tmo ruŜbh
ruŜbhma
ma fa fljuf
fljuf gm
gm ouhjĊ,
ouhjĊ, èh Ŝjlaf
ŜjlafĊĊ Ŝb ajasĊ<
ajasĊ<
:. Jm èhsmaohĊ
èhsmaohĊ sĊ sĊ dbb atmht
atmht fa gbstahŪa
gbstahŪa jrmatĊ
jrmatĊ gm gmtaŜarma
gmtaŜarma molŪblhafĊ
molŪblhafĊ Ŝb sĊ èhgrĊzh
èhgrĊzhmŜtb
mŜtb ju lrbjm prmŪ
prmŪ
èh Ŝjlfb, lrnahbzaŪbb Ŝb daobfbb<
JAYBWLF]F 4
ZĊ hm asuoĊo l sjebokarm ragbjafĊ,
rmuoahbzëhg ouhja Ŝb mgujaŪba
YMHW[] A [MAY[BHGM sjëhtmba jrmatbvbtĊŪbb, a bhlvaŪbmb Ŝb èhvĊŪĊrbb, fbgmrbb hlŜtrb trmkubm sĊ rmuoahbzmzm ouhja
Ŝb mgujaŪba. Asta prmsupuhm èhŪmfmnmrma olgufub èh jarm juftura hmoufŪuobrbb admjtmazĊ rmfaŪba gbhtrm Ŝmdb Ŝb ahnacaŪb,
gupĊ jarm sĊ èhvĊŪĊo juo sĊ hm asuoĊo vufhmrakbfbtatma, sĊ rmjuhlaŜtmo Ŝb sĊ jlokatmo ruŜbhma. DĊrĊ èhglbafĊ,
jlhvmrsaŪbbfm sbhjmrm gmsprm vufhmrakbfbtatm Ŝb ruŜbhm plt jlhgujm fa sjebokĊrb prlduhgm. Oltbvuf pmhtru jarm hu
purtĊo , gm lkbjmb , asm omhma jlhvmr saŪbb èh lrna hbzaŪbb fm hla strm m stm j Ċ mfm ar fu obha p ëhĊ è h jmfm oab èht uhmjat m
fljurb afm jufturbb lrnahbzaŪblhafm. LgatĊ jm plt db pusm èh juvbhtm, jm suht jlhŜtbmhtbzatm Ŝb èhŪmfmsm, hu oab mxbstĊ
jafm gm èhtlarjmrm. GbopltrbvĊ, gajĊ suht bnhlratm, mxbstĊ jlhsmjbhŪm gbhtrm jmfm oab smrblasm. Ju tlŪbb hm glrbo sĊ
èhgrĊzhbo ju lrbjm prmŪ. Mstm sudbjbmht sĊ vmzb fuoma, jebar Ŝb pmhtru l jfbpĊ, prbh prbsoa ajmstmb plsbkbfbtĊŪb3 l
asmomhma boanbhm èŪb va jĊfĊuzb aplb vbaŪa. Hbomhb hu va putma sĊ Ūb-l oab ba.
èhabhtm sĊ èhjmp ajmst japbtlf, vrmau sĊ prmjbzmz jm èhŪmfmn prbh ‘fbgmr". Ao acuhs fa jlhvbhnmrma jĊ fbgmruf mstm lrbjbhm
jrmgm jĊ mstm rmsplhsakbfbtatma fub/mb sĊ gmsjlpmrm ajmb laomhb sau
Wmromhuf fbgmr hu
ajmfm prljmsm jarm au pltmhŪbaf gm gmzvlftarm. Wmromhuf fbgmr hu arm hbobj gm-a dajm ju plzbŪba, statutuf sljbaf sau
huoĊruf gm suklrglhaŪb. Ao sjrbs ajmst japbtlf pmhtru tlŪb jmb ‗ pĊrbhŪb, prldmslrb, vlfuhtarb Ŝb gbrmjtlrb gm jlopahbb ‗
gbspuŜb sĊ èhgrĊzhmasjĊ ju lrbjm prmŪ Ŝb sĊ jlhgujĊ.
Yrlvljarma gm a jlhgujm l lrnahbzaŪbm èhtr-l jufturĊ

a fub ‘hbjblgatĊ hu-b gm acuhs"
èh ;919, ao avut ljazba gm a pmtrmjm uh sdërŜbt gm sĊptĊoëhĊ prmfuhnbt ju jbhjbzmjb gm gbrmjtlrb gm jlopahbb gbh Zbfbjlh
Taffmy. Yrbhtrm jmbfafŪb vlrkbtlrb gm fa jlhdmrbhŪĊ, s-a huoĊrat @mvbh Zurajm, pm vrmoma ajmma gbrmjtlr af jlopahbmb
Zmrblus Oatmrbafs Ŝb ‘ahtrmprmhlruf ahufub" èh ;992, gupĊ jfasaomhtuf èhtljobt gm rmvbsta Bhj. GupĊ
Bhj. GupĊ juo Ŝtbao, @mvbh
uroa sĊ ŪbhĊ uh gbsjurs gmsprm
bhlvaŪbbfm rmvlfuŪblharm, aŜa èhjët, èh prboa jlhvmrsaŪbm pm jarm ao avut-l ju mf, èhabhtm ja dbmjarm gbhtrm hlb sĊ gbsjutm ju
jmbfafŪb omokrb ab nrupufub Ŝb dĊrĊ ja mf sĊ Ŝtbm jmva gmsprm jmrjmtarma oma, b-ao pus uroĊtlarma èhtrmkarm3 ‘Jarm mstm jmf
oab boplrtaht lkstajlf èh jafma jrmatbvbtĊŪbb Ŝb a bhlvaŪbmb<"
@mvbh s-a nëhgbt puŪbh Ŝb ob-a rĊspuhs3
‗ Hu Ŝtbu gajĊ b-a gat jbhmva vrmuh huom, gar aŜ zbjm jĊ m vlrka gm tmaoa jĊ, gajĊ vbb ju bgmb
hl
hlb,
b, fuoma
fuoma va rëgm rëgm gm tbhm tbhm.. GajĊ
GajĊ tm el eltĊ
tĊrĊŜ
rĊŜtb
tb sĊ trmjb
trmjb prbh
prbhtr
tr-l
-l asmo
asmomhm
mhmaa mxpmr
mxpmrbmbmhŪ
hŪĊĊ Ŝb-b
Ŝb-b rmzbŜ
rmzbŜtb
tb,, tm
vmb jlhdru
jlhdruhthta,
a, pm uroĊ
uroĊ,, ju drbj drbjaa gm mŜmjmŜmj Ŝb ju tmaotmaoaa jĊ hu ab grmpt grmptat
atm.
m. Laom
Laomhb hbbb jrmg,
jrmg, èh nmhmra
nmhmraf,f,
jĊ vafl
vaflrma
rmazĊ
zĊ mxajt
mxajt jët bgmb
bgmbfm
fm flr
flr Ŝb fb sm parm parm nrmu
nrmu gm ajjmpta
ajjmptatt daptu
daptuff jĊ mb hu fm Ŝtbu Ŝtbu pm tlattlatm,
m, lrblrb
jĊ bgmb
bgmbfm
fm flr flr suht
suht prma
prma hmkuhmkuhm hmŜt
Ŝtb.
b. Yrlk
Yrlkfmfmoa
oa mstm
mstm jĊ bgmbf
bgmbfmm bhlv
bhlvat
atlar
larmm parpar gm ouftouftmm lrb lrb hmku
hmkuhmhmŜt
Ŝtb,
b,
bar
bar mŜmj
mŜm juu f Ŝb èhv èhv ĊŪa
ĊŪarm
rmaa suhsuh t p art artmm g bh
bh sjesje bok
bokĊr
Ċrbf
bfmm rmvrmv lfu
lfuŪb
Ūbll har
harm.
m. ZjeZje bok
bokĊr
Ċrbf
bfmm n ragraguu afm
afm suh suh t
bopl
boplrtrtah
ahtm
tm Ŝb mfm,mfm, gar avmoavmo l hmvl hmvlbmbm gbsp
gbspmr
mrat
atĊĊ gm sjeb sjebok
okĊrĊrbb rmvlf
rmvlfuŪ
uŪbl
blha
harm
rm,, bar
bar ajmst
ajmst fujru
fujru jmrm jmrm
uh aft tbp gm jurac Ŝb gm jrmatbvbtatm.
Zċ HM AZ]OċO L ZJEBOKA[M [AGBJAFċ
èhabhtm gm ajmastĊ jlhvmrsaŪbm, hu fm pusmsmo hbjblgatĊ èhtrmkĊrb mxajtm gmsprm prljmsuf gm

bhlvaŪbm fbgmrbflr pm jarm-b bhtmrvbmvasmo, gar jm-ob spuhma @mvbh sm pltrbvma ju rmzuftatmfm
jmrjmtĊrbb omfm asupra ouhjbb Ŝb mgujaŪbmb.
B-ao rĊspuhs, zëokbhg3

‗ M-agm vĊrat, hu-b a Ŝa< Jm b oab oufŪb laomhb, jmfm oab ou ftm l rnahbza Ūbb hu plt sup lrta hmsbnu rahŪa Ŝb rb sjuf pm ja rm fm
bopfbjĊ bhlvaŪba. èhvĊŪarma Ŝb jrmatbvbtatma bopfbjĊ, prbh hatura flr, vufhmrakbfbtatm. HbjblgatĊ hu avmo partm sudbjbmht gm
jmrtbtugbhm. Laomhbb vlr narahŪbb.
‗ Ga, a rĊspuh s mf sbopfu. èhjĊ l gatĊ, hu suht sbnur jĊ mxbstĊ uh huom pmhtru ajmas tĊ prlkfmo Ċ, gar jmva sbobfar ju
drbja èb èopbmgbjĊ pm oufŪb sĊ vbhĊ ju bgmb hlb. Zm jlhjmhtrmazĊ pm jmma jm Ŝtbu gmca sĊ dajĊ kbhm Ŝb sm dmrmsj sĊ oab èhjmrjm
aftjmva.
A uroat l sjurtĊ pauzĊ èh jlhvmrsaŪbm, aplb @mvbh a jlhtbhuat3

‗ èhŪmfm n jĊ s uhtmŪb jmrjm tĊtla rm. Ju jm vĊ ljupaŪ b, oab mxajt<
‗ Ztugbmz ajmf jmva
ajmf jmva sbobfar ju drbja, b-ao rĊspuhs mu, rëzëhg. Zuht l jmrjmtĊtlarm jarm stugbazĊ ruŜbhma Ŝb
vufhmrakbfbtatma.
Jëhg o-ao èhtlrs èh jaomra gm eltmf, ob-ao dĊjut jëtmva èhsmohĊrb gmsprm jlhvmrsaŪba ju @mvbh. èh tbop jm oĊ nëhgmao
fa ‘jmva sbobfar ju drbja", ob-ao aobhtbt gm hbŜtm hltbŪm dĊjutm èh ajmfaŜb jarhmŪmf. F-ao rĊsdlbt pëhĊ ao gat gm
èhsmohĊrbfm fuatm èh uroa uhmb gbsjuŪbb ju uh nrup gm mfmvb gm nbohazbu gmsprm mxpmrbmhŪmfm gm fa ŜjlafĊ. Fm-ao jmrut sĊ-
ob spuhĊ jm jrmgmau mb jĊ mstm oab boplrtaht èh prljmsuf gm èhvĊŪarm, bar l datĊ ob-a gat uroĊtlruf rĊspuhs, èh tbop jm
rmstuf gĊgmau gbh jap mhtuzbaŜtb Ŝb spuhmau3 ‘Ga, asta mstm!", sau3 ‘Mxajt".
‗ MxbstĊ olomhtm jëhg plŪb sĊ pub èht rmkĊr b sau sĊ hu dbb gm ajlrg ju l ahuobtĊ bgmm, gar, j ëhg a b uh prldm slr j Ċruba hu-
b pfajm aŜa jmva, sau jëhg jlfmnbb rëg gm tbhm, m dlartm hmpfĊjut. Jrmg jĊ jmb oab oufŪb gbhtrm hlb èhvaŪĊ jĊ m oab kbhm sĊ
stab ju japuf pfmjat, sĊ-Ūb Ūbb nura Ŝb sĊ bmb hltm oarb.
[mjbtbhg ajmst dranomht, èh uroa gbsjuŪbmb ju @mvbh, ao dlst jlpfmŜbtĊ gm molŪbb. Ja prldmslarĊ, ao dlst dlartm oëehbtĊ ‗
hbomhb hu platm èhvĊŪa ju japuf pfmjat Ŝb nura èhjebsĊ. Dbbhg oaoĊ a uhmb mfmvm gm nbohazbu Ŝb a uhub jlpbf gm nrĊgbhbŪĊ,
mrao durblasĊ. Ymhtru jmrjmtĊtlarma gbh obhm, ajmfa a dlst olomhtuf jëhg ob-ao gat smaoa jĊ prlkfmomfm gbh sbstmouf
hlstru gm mgujaŪbm Ŝb jmfm gm fa fljuf gm ouhjĊ suht agmsmlrb dlartm asmoĊhĊtlarm.
BhbŪbaf, ao jlhjmput ajmstm prlkfmom ja gluĊ tmom smparatm gm gbsjuŪbm ‗ uha jarm-b prbvmŜtm pm mgujatlrb Ŝb afta jarm-b
prbvmŜ tm pm fbgmrbb gm lrna hbzaŪb b. Ga r, jëhg ao rm vĊzut gatmfm lkŪbhutm èh jm rjmtĊ rb, ob -ao ga t sma oa jĊ prldms lrbb Ŝb
agobhbstratlrbb gm Ŝjlfb suht Ŝb fbgmrb. Bar pmrslahmfm gbh jlhgujmrma jlrplraŪbbflr, oahanmrbb Ŝb supmrvbzlrbb suht Ŝb
prldms lrb. H bjb l ŜjlafĊ sau j lrplra Ūbm hu platm prlspm ra èh aksmhŪ a jr matbvbt ĊŪbb, a bhl vaŪbmb Ŝb èhvĊ ŪĊrbb , bar jma o ab oa rm
aomhbhŪarm pmhtru jmfm trmb l jlhstbtubm gmtaŜarma molŪblhafĊ.
Ylrhbhg gm fa jmma jm ao èhvĊŪat gbh jmrjmtĊrbfm omfm Ŝb jmma jm ao lksmrvat èh uftbobb ahb, èh jarm ao fujrat ju fbgmrb gbh
Ŝjlfb Ŝb jlopahbb gm tlatm tbpurbfm Ŝb oĊrbobfm, jrmg j-ar trmkub sĊ rmgmdbhbo jlopfmt bgmma gm bopfbjarm. Gbh ajmst oltbv,
prmdmr sĊ vlrkmsj gmsprm l bopfbja rm rmvlfuŪblharĊ. Ymhtru a rmaprbhgm sjëhtmba jrmatbvbtĊŪbb, a bhlvaŪbmb Ŝb a èhvĊŪĊrbb,
fbgmrbb trmkubm sĊ rmuoahbzmzm mgujaŪba Ŝb ouhja.
Asta prmsupuhm èhŪmfmnmrma olgufub èh jarm juftura hmoufŪuobrbb admjtmazĊ rmfaŪba gbhtrm Ŝmdb Ŝb ahnacaŪb, aplb sĊ èhvĊŪĊo
juo sĊ hm asuoĊo vufhmrakbfbtatma, juo sĊ rmjuhlaŜtmo Ŝb sĊ jlokatmo ruŜbhma.
sa, Gbh obhŪbfm hlastrm.

èh jartma sa, Gbh hlastrm. ZĊ èhvĊŪĊo sĊ dbo jrmatlrb, Zbr @mh [lkbhslh
[lkbhslh dajm uh apmf jĊtrm fbgmrb,
fbgmrb, sĊ rmhuhŪm
rmhuhŪm fa
bgmma gmpĊŜbtĊ jĊ lrnahbzaŪbbfm trmkubm sĊ duhjŪblhmzm ja hbŜtm oaŜbhb. Hu vlo nĊsb putmrma gm a dajm ajmastĊ sjebokarm,
gmjët gajĊ
Zċ HM AZ]OċO L ZJEBOKA[M [AGBJAFċ ;9>
omtadlra oaŜbhbb ju
èhfljubo omtadlra oaŜbhbb ju afta, jarm sĊ surprbhgĊ èhtr-uh olg oab agmjvat rmafbtĊŪbfm uoahm3 ‘Lrbjët gm atrajtbvĊ mstm
omtadlra oaŜbhbb pmhtru prlgujŪba bhgustrbafĊ, lrnahbzaŪbbfm lomhmŜtb hu suht omjahbsom, laomhbb hu suht r ltbŪm èhtr-uh
ahnrmhac. Laomhbb au trĊbrb Ŝb vaflrb, pmrjmpŪbb, lpbhbb, oltbvaŪbb Ŝb kblnradbb ‗ sprm gmlsmkbrm gm Ŝurukurb Ŝb gm pbhblahm.
L lrnahbzaŪbm hu mstm dĊjutĊ gbh mjebpaomhtmfm Ŝb jfĊgbrbfm èh jarm sm fujrmazĊ, jb gbhtr-l oufŪbom gm rmŪmfm gm laomhb."
DĊrĊ
DĊrĊ èhgl
èhglbaf
bafĊ,
Ċ, jlhv
jlhvmrs
mrsaŪ
aŪbb
bbfm
fm sbhj
sbhjmrm
mrm gmsprm
gmsprm vu vufh
fhmra
mrakb
kbfb
fbta
tatm
tm Ŝb ruŜbh ruŜbhmm pl pltt jlhgu
jlhgujmjm fa sjebsjebokokĊrb
Ċrb
prlduhg m. Oltbvuf pmhtr u jarm hu purtĊo, gm lkbjmb , asmomh ma jlhvmr saŪbb èh lrnahbz aŪbbfm hlastr m
mstm
mstm jĊ mfm
mfm ar fuob
fuobhaha pëhĊ
pëhĊ èh jmfm jmfm oab
oab èhtu
èhtuhm
hmjat
jatmm flju
fljurb
rb afm
afm juft
jufturb
urbbb lrna
lrnahb
hbzaŪ
zaŪbl
blha
hafm.
fm. LgatĊ
LgatĊ jm pl pltt db
pusm èh juvbhtm , jm suht jlhŜtbm htbzat m Ŝb èhŪmfm sm, hu oab mxbstĊ jafm gm èhtlarj mrm. Gbopltr bvĊ,
gajĊ
gajĊ suht
suht bnhl
bnhlra
ratm
tm,, mxbs
mxbstĊ
tĊ jlhs
jlhsmjb
mjbhŪ
hŪmm gbht
gbhtrm
rm jmfm
jmfm oab
oab smrb
smrbla
lasm
sm.. Ju tlŪb tlŪbbb hm gl glrb
rbo
o sĊ èhgr
èhgrĊzh
Ċzhbobo ju
lrbj
lrbjmm prmŪ
prmŪ.. Mstm
Mstm sudbj
sudbjbm
bmht
ht sĊ vmzbvmzb fuoma
fuoma,, jebar
jebar Ŝb pmht
pmhtru
ru l jfbpjfbpĊ,
Ċ, prbh
prbh prbs
prbsoa
oa ajmst
ajmstmb
mb pl
plsb
sbkb
kbfb
fbtĊŪ
tĊŪb3
b3 l
asmomhma boanbhm èŪb va jĊfĊuzb aplb vbaŪa. Hbomhb hu va putma sĊ Ūb-l oab ba.
Bgmhtbdbjarma Ŝb jlokatmrma ruŜbhbb
[uŜb
[uŜbhh ma
ma g Ċ h aŜt aŜtmr
mrmm drbj
drbjbb
bb.. Hm zgrl zgrlkk mŜt
mŜtmm tlfmtlfmra
rahh Ūa
Ūa fa v ufh ufhmr
mrak
akbf
bfbt
btat
atm,
m, p rbh
rbh aajjma m ast
staa sjĊz
sjĊ zëh
ëhgg u-h
u-hmm
gras
grastb
tbjj bopf
bopfbj
bjarm
arma,
a, jrma
jrmatb
tbvb
vbtat
tatma,
ma, japajb
japajbtat
tatma
ma gm a bhlv bhlva,a, prlg
prlgujujtb
tbvb
vbta
tatma
tma Ŝb èhjr èhjrmgm
mgmrma
rma.. Řb, Řb, oab
oab rĊu
ja lrbjm
lrbjm,, gajĊ
gajĊ hu Ŝtbo Ŝtbo gm jm avmo avmo hmvl
hmvlbmbm,, ruŜb
ruŜbhma
hma hm pl plat
atmm gbst
gbstru
runm
nm lrnah
lrnahbz
bzaŪ
aŪbb
bbfm
fm,, èhabh
èhabhtmtm jebar
jebar sĊ
vmgm
vmgmo o vrmuh
vrmuh smoh
smoh af prlk prlkfm fmom
omb.
b. [uŜb
[uŜbhma
hma ajŪbajŪblh
lhmaz
mazĊĊ asup
asupra
ra uhuhmb
mb lrna
lrnahb hbzaŪ
zaŪbb
bb fa dmfdmf ja tmro tmrobt
btmf
mfmm ‗
stĊ
stĊ asjuasjuhs
hsĊĊ èh èhtuèhtuhm
hmrb
rbj,
j, gbhjgbhjlf
lfll gm pmrmŪ
pmrmŪb, b, gbst
gbstru
runënëhg
hg trmp
trmptat
tat rmzb
rmzbststmh
mhŪa
Ūa jlhst
jlhstru
rujŪ
jŪbmb
bmb,, pëhĊ
pëhĊ jëhg jëhg,,
èhtr
èhtr-l
-l ku kuhĊ
hĊ zb,
zb, sm prĊku
prĊkuŜmŜmŜt
Ŝtmm jëtm
jëtm uh èhtrm
èhtrmnn mtac
mtac.. Huoa
Huoabb atuh
atuhjb
jb hm gĊo gĊo smaoasmaoa jĊ m gl glarar l prlk
prlkfmfmoĊ
oĊ
gm tbop, pëhĊ jëhg sm vlr surpa tlŪb pmrmŪbb.
Wlt aŜa
aŜa juojuo l pfbopfbokar
karmm èh curu
curuff jasmb
jasmb hu hm va arĊt arĊtaa jĊ avmo
avmo l prlkf
prlkfmo
moĊĊ ju tmrotmrobt
btmf
mfm,
m, sbop
sbopfu
fuff dapt
dapt
gm a hm pfbo pfbokaka prbh
prbh Ŝjlf
Ŝjlfbb sau
sau kbrl
kbrlur
urbb hu hm va arĊt arĊta,
a, hmjms
hmjmsar
arom
omht
htm,
m, jĊ mxbs
mxbstĊ
tĊ l prlk prlkfm
fmoĊ
oĊ a ruŜb
ruŜbhb
hbb.
b.
Jmf
Jmf p uŪb
uŪbhh , sĊ spmr
spmrĊo
Ċo jĊ h u mstm mstm atët
atët g m mvbg
mvbgmh
mhtĊ
tĊ.. Gar
Gar, g ajĊajĊ mstm
mstm aŜa
aŜa ‗ g ajĊajĊ v mg mg mo
mo u h oah
oah an
an mr
mr
jarm
jarm jmart
jmartĊĊ uh ahnac ahnacat
at sau
sau uh prld prldms
mslr
lr jarm
jarm dajm
dajm gm ruŜb ruŜbhm
hm uh mfmv
mfmv ‗ prlkprlkfmo
fmoaa a gmvmh gmvmhbt
bt ajutĊ,
ajutĊ,
gmca
gmca,, Ŝb dlart
dlartmm prlk
prlkak
akbf
bf gugurm
rmaz
azĊĊ gm ouftouftĊĊ vrmo
vrmom.
m. WltuŜ
ltuŜb,
b, èh oacl
oaclrb
rbtat
tatma
ma jazur
jazurbf
bflr
lr,, trmk
trmkub
ubmm sĊ Ŝtbo
Ŝtbo jm
sĊ jĊutĊo, atuhjb jëhg èhjmrjĊo sĊ mvafuĊo gajĊ l lrnahbzaŪbm mstm admjtatĊ gm prlkfmoa ruŜbhbb.
Zmohm jĊ ruŜbhma a admjtat juftura uhmb

lrnahbzaŪbb
èhvbhlvĊŪbrb, kërdm, davlrbtbsom, bhsuftm Ŝb eĊrŪubrb suht, tlatm, bhgbjbb jloplrtaomhtafm jarm aratĊ
jĊ prlkfmoa ruŜbhbb a pmhmtrat juftura uhmb lrnahbzaŪbb. ]h smoh Ŝb oab mvbgmht mstm atuhjb jëhg
ruŜbhma gmvbhm uha gbhtrm omtlgmfm dĊŪbŜm gm jlhgujmrm. Zm èhtëopfĊ ja pmrslahmfm avëhg rlf gm
jlhgujmrm sĊ-Ŝb bhtbobgmzm ahnacaŪbb, sĊ-Ŝb jrbtbjm suklrglhaŪbb èh daŪa jlfmnbflr, sĊ dajĊ oustrĊrb èh
pukfbj lrb sĊ stakbf masjĊ sbstmom gm rmj lopmhsm , jar m jlh guj èh olg bht mhŪblha t fa g mprmj bmrma ,
ruŜbharma sau uobfbrma uhlr ahnacaŪb<
H-ao dlst hbjblga tĊ èh vrml ŜjlafĊ sau lrnahbz aŪbm, gbh j arm s Ċ fbp smasjĊ ruŜbhm a. H u prm tbhg j Ċ hu mxbstĊ uh a stdmf gm fl j,
glar jĊ oĊ èhglbmsj sĊ mxbstm. Gm dbmjarm gatĊ, gupĊ jm mxpfbj dmfuf èh jarm duhjŪblhmazĊ ruŜbhma, jëtm uhuf sau glb
prldms lrb oĊ aklrgm azĊ, ja sĊ-ob spuhĊ jĊ mb dlflsm sj ruŜbhma zbfhbj . Oaclrbt atma oĊ èhtrma kĊ juo platm db sjeboka tĊ
ajmastĊ prajtbjĊ, gar jëŪbva èob spuh, ju oëhgrbm, jĊ duhjŪblhmazĊ. èh jma oab kuhĊ sbtuaŪbm, prlkfmoa ruŜbhbb m gm objĊ
aopflarm sau m ŪbhutĊ suk jlhtrlf Ŝb hu a gmvmhbt l hlroĊ jufturafĊ. ]huf gbhtrm fujrurbfm jarm oĊ daj sĊ jrmg jĊ mxbstĊ l
prlkfmoĊ a ru Ŝbhbb è h Ŝjlfb m dapt uf jĊ 5=% gb htrm k ĊrkaŪb b Ŝb dmombfm pm ja rm
Zċ HM AZ]OċO L ZJEBOKA[M [AGBJAFċ ;92
fm-ao bhtmrvbmvat pmhtru jmrjmtarma gmsprm ruŜbhm Ŝb-au aobhtbt bhjbgmhtm gm fa ŜjlafĊ, gm pm vrmoma
jëhg mrau jlpbb, jarm fm prlgusmsmrĊ l ruŜbhm atët gm oarm, èhjët fm sjebokasmrĊ olguf gm a sm raplrta fa mb èhŜbŜb ja
pmrslah m jar m èhvĊ Ūau, èhjĊ Ŝb oab boprmsb lhaht mstm jĊ ap rlapm cuoĊtat m gbh ajmstm aobhtbr b suht jmma jm mu huomsj
‘jbjatrbjm afm jrmatbvbtĊŪbb". YartbjbpahŪbb fa jmrjmtĊrb ob-au omhŪblhat bhjbgmhtm spmjbdbjm, èh jarm fb sm spusmsm lrb fb sm
arĊtasm jĊ hu mrau kuhb sjrbbtlrb, artbŜtb, ouzbjbmhb, gahsatlrb sau aftjmva jarm prmsupuhm jrmatbvbtatma. èhjĊ oab vĊg
asmomhma fujrurb èhtëopfëhgu-sm èh Ŝjlfb. Arta mstm mvafuatĊ gupĊ hbŜtm stahgargm èhnustm, Ŝb pëhĊ Ŝb jlpbbflr gm nrĊgbhbŪĊ
fb sm spuhm jĊ au sau hu au ‘tafmht" fa jmva ahuom. Asta hm platm acuta sĊ mxpfbjĊo gm jm spbrbguŜbb ruŜbhbb suht atët gm
jlhvbhnĊtlrb, atuhjb jëhg vbhm vlrka gm jrmatbvbtatm Ŝb bhlvaŪbm.
JlrplraŪbbfm sm jlhdruhtĊ Ŝb mfm ju prlkfmom asmoĊhĊtlarm, aŜa juo spuhmao. Bhstbtutuf pmhtru Ztugbmrma BhtbobgĊrbb fa
Fljuf gm OuhjĊ (Wem
OuhjĊ (Wem ^lr`pfajm Kuffybhn Bhstbtutm) gmdbhmŜtm jloplrtaomhtuf gm bhtbobgarm ja ‘trataomht
hmjlrmspuhzĊtlr rmpmtat, jarm platm fua dlromfm3 sakltac gbh partma jmflrfafŪb, jarm èopbmgbjĊ èhgmpfbhbrma uhmb sarjbhb,
akuz vmrkaf, aomhbhŪarm, bhtbobgarm Ŝb uobfbrm". ]h slhgac gbh ;919, mdmjtuat gm Slnky Bhtmrhatblhaf pmhtru ^KB, a
raplrtat jĊ èh cur gm =7 gm obfblahm gm ahnacaŪb aomrbjahb (:>% gbh dlrŪa gm ouhjĊ a Z]A) dusmsmrĊ bhtbobgaŪb fa
smrvbjbu. Oab ouft, uh aft raplrt af ^KB arĊta jĊ, èh =;,=% gbh jazurb, ahnacatlrbb hu dĊjusmrĊ hbobj, pmhtru a fbobta
jloplrtaomhtuf bhtbobgaht.
Jëhg vmgmo jĊ ruŜbhma mstm dlflsbtĊ ja omtlgĊ gm jlhgujmrm (bhtbobgarm, jrbtbjb agusm èh daŪa
jlfmnbflr, oustrĊrb èh pukfbj, lrnahbzarma uhub sbstmo gm rmjlopmhsm jarm jlhguj èh olg
bhtmhŪblhat fa gmprmjbmrma ahnacaŪbflr), trmkubm sĊ fuĊo oĊsurb gbrmjtm, pmhtru jĊ asta èhsmaohĊ jĊ
hm jlhdruhtĊo ju l klafĊ dlartm jlhtanblasĊ. Řb trmkubm sĊ hm rmaobhtbo jĊ asta hu s-a
;19
èhtëopfat, pur Ŝb sbopfu, pmstm hlaptm. GajĊ laomhbb sm jlhdruhtĊ jlhstaht ju smhtbomhtuf gm
ruŜbhm fa fljuf gm ouhjĊ, m dlartm sbnur j Ċ-f vlr trahsobtm jfbmhŪbflr, mfmvbflr, daobfbbflr.
AŜagar, atuhjb jëhg èhtëfhbo ajmst dmhlomh Ŝb-f putmo bgmhtbdbja fa hbvmfuf uhmb lrnahbzaŪbb, af uhmb mjebpm gm fujru
sau fa l pmrslahĊ ahuom, trmkubm fuatm oĊsurb bomgbat, dĊrĊ ruŜbhm. èhvĊŪĊo jm m ruŜbhma èh daobfbbfm gbh jarm
prlvmhb o, Ŝb oufŪb laomhb acuhn sĊ jrmag Ċ jĊ mstm l omtlgĊ mdbjbm htĊ gm a jlhguj m aftm pmrsla hm, gm a Ūbhm suk
jlhtrlf l jfasĊ Ŝb gm a jrmŜtm jlpbbb. BatĊ gm jm hu dlflsmŜtm fa oab-hbobj sĊ dajb gm ruŜbhm pm jbhmva jarm sm dlflsmŜtm
gm ruŜbhm. Gar a hu dajm hbobj
hbobj mstm fa dmf gm pmrbjufls,
pmrbjufls, hu huoab pmhtru
pmhtru pmrslahmfm jarm suht Ūbhtm afm ruŜbhbb,
ruŜbhbb, jb
pmhtru èhtrma na lrna hbzaŪbm .
èh uroĊ ju jëŪbva ahb, gupĊ l jlhdmrbhŪĊ, uh kĊrkat o-a aklrgat Ŝb ob-a spus3 ‘TĊ rln sĊ oĊ bhtmrvbmvaŪb Ŝb pm obhm! TĊ
rln! Zuht jlhsuftaht dbhahjbar Ŝb h-l sĊ vĊ vbhĊ sĊ jrmgmŪb tlt jm sm èhtëopfĊ fa obhm fa smrvbjbu." Jëhg o-ao èhtëfhbt ju
mf, ja sĊ-f bhtmrvbmvmz, ob-a spus jĊ, fa fljuf sĊu gm ouhjĊ, dbmjarm ahnacat èŜb afmnma uh kbrlu hlu èh dbmjarm trbomstru, èh
duhjŪbm gm rmzuftatmfm pm jarm fm avusmsm. Jmb jarm avmau jmfm oab kuhm rmzuftatm afmnmau prbobb.
Glh a gat gbh jap Ŝb ob-a spus, ju l vljm spartĊ3 ‘èh uftbomfm Ŝasm fuhb, ao avut jmfm oab kuhm
rmzuftatm, aŜa j-ab jrmgm jĊ sbtuaŪba asta èob jlhvbhm. Gar hu-b aŜa. èob gbspfajm prlduhg. Mstm uh
omgbu gm fujru nrlazhbj." Aplb ob-a spus jĊ, gupĊ jm dusmsmrĊ stakbfbtm sbtuaŪbbfm pm trbomstruf
ahtmrblr, Ŝmduf vmhbsm fa mf èh kbrlu, èhjebsmsm uŜa Ŝb-b spusmsm jĊ trmkuba sĊ sm outm.
‘BhbŪbaf, ao jrmzut jĊ rmzuftatmfm omfm mrau oab sfakm. Aplb, ob-a spus jĊ, pmhtru mf, hu jlhta gajĊ avmao jmfm oab kuhm
rmzuftatm sau gajĊ-ob pfĊjma prma ouft kbrluf èh jarm stĊtmao0 bgmma mra sĊ-b tmrlrbzmzm pm jmbfafŪb ahnacaŪb. Ob-a spus3 «Z-
l èhjasmzb èh pukfbj, èŪb èhtĊrmŜtm jarajtmruf. Wm oltbvmazĊ.°"
Zċ HM AZ]OċO L ZJEBOKA[M [AGBJAFċ ;11
Yrbhtrm aftmfm, Glh ob-a oab spus jĊ èhjmpusm gmca sĊ-Ŝb jautm gm fujru èh aftĊ partm3 ‘Zuht kuh èh omsmrba oma Ŝb, èh pfus,
jebar èob pfajm, gar, jëhg o-ao ahnacat abjb, h-ao Ŝtbut jĊ trmkuba sĊ-ob tmrlrbzmz jlfmnbb. Hu Ŝtbao gm jm oĊ sboŪmao ja
habka èhabhtm, gar ob-ao gat smaoa, gupĊ jm v-ao asjuftat prmfmnmrma. M vlrka gm ruŜbhm. M oab rĊu ja èh fbjmu. L sĊ-ob
nĊsmsj uh flj gm ouhjĊ oab kuh Ŝb, èh pfus, l sĊ pfmj gbh dbroĊ ju tlt ju jfbmhŪb."
jartma Jrmgmao jĊ mra vbha oma, rmfatao èhtëopfarma jarm uromazĊ gmsprm Zyfvba, lrnahbzatlarm gm mvmhbomhtm, gm
èh jartma Jrmgmao
trmbzmjb-Ŝb-jmva gm ahb, jarm ob-a spus, èhgatĊ gupĊ jm ao èhjmput bhtmrvbuf3 ‘AŜ vrma sĊ-ob db fuat ajmst bhtmrvbu ajuo
Ŝasm fuhb. Mrao aftĊ pmrslahĊ. Mrao, pur Ŝb sbopfu, jlpfmŜbtĊ gm ruŜbhm." Jëhg b-ao jmrut gmtafbb, ob-a mxpfbjat jĊ auzbsm
gmsprm jmrjmtarma oma gm fa uh prbmtmh Ŝb sm ldmrbsm sĊ dbm bhtmrvbmvatĊ, dbbhgjĊ sboŪma jĊ vbaŪa èb dusmsm sjebokatĊ gm
ruŜbhm. [mjmht, avusmsm l agmvĊratĊ rmvmfaŪbm, jëhg gmsjlpmrbsm jĊ dbnura pm l ‘fbstĊ a pmrgahŪbflr" gm fa smrvbjbu.
GupĊ glb ahb, èh jarm ahnacatlruf èb aprmjbasm ouhja grmpt ‘mxjmfmhtĊ, rmzuftatm jfasa èhtëb", sm parm jĊ dĊjusm prboa mb oarm
nrmŜmafĊ. Ajma nrmŜmafĊ gusmsm fa pbmrgmrma uhub jfbmht boplrtaht af anmhŪbmb. [majŪba Ŝmdufub mb dusmsm s-l puhĊ pm fbsta
‘pmrgahŪbflr"3 ‘èhtr-uh sbhnur obhut, ao trmjut gbh jatmnlrba jëŜtbnĊtlrbflr èh japuf fbstmb pmrgahŪbflr", ob-a spus ma.
Yrlkakbf j-ao trmsĊrbt, jëhg Zyfvba ob-a vlrkbt gmsprm ‘fbsta pmrgahŪbflr", dbbhgjĊ, dĊrĊ sĊ daj vrml rmoarjĊ, ma a jlhtbhuat3
‘Řtbu, m nrlazhbj. Řmduf omu Ŝb-a pus, fa bhtrarma èh kbrlu, gluĊ takfm, gbh jmfm pm jarm sjrbb ju jrmta. Ym uha trmjm
èhvbhnĊtlrbb, pm jmafaftĊ ‗ pmrgahŪbb." ZĊptĊoëhb èhtrmnb, ob-a spus, hu oab dusmsm kuhĊ gm hbobj. èŜb pbmrgusm èhjrmgmrma èh
ma èhsĊŜb. èhjmpusm sĊ fbpsmasjĊ gm fa smrvbjbu. [uŜbhma, ahxbmtatma Ŝb drbja pusmsmrĊ stĊpëhbrm pm ma. GupĊ l pmrblagĊ nrma,
gm trmb sĊptĊoëhb, èŜb gĊgusm gmobsba Ŝb sm gusmsm sĊ fujrmzm èh aftĊ partm.
Bhgbdmrmht
Bhgbdmrmht gmsprm jm tbp gm lrnahbzaŪbm
lrnahbzaŪbm vlrkbo,
ruŜbhma sm aguhĊ pëhĊ fa uh puhjt, gupĊ jarm
bhgbvbzbb sm gmtaŜmazĊ molŪblhaf, pmhtru a sm
autlprltmca. Jëhg suhtmo gmtaŜaŪb molŪblhaf,
gmvmhbo rmtraŜb, hu oab jlhtrbkubo fa
pmrdlroahŪmfm lrnahbzaŪbmb Ŝb
hu hm oab pasĊ gm rmzuftatm . L objĊ partm gbhtrm jmb admjtaŪb gm
gmtaŜarma molŪblhafĊ èŜb raŪblhafbzmazĊ jloplrtaomhtmfm bolrafm, prmjuo obhjbuha, durtuf Ŝb èhŜmfatuf. èh jazurbfm fub
Glh Ŝb Zyfvba, gmtaŜ arma molŪblhafĊ èb dĊjusm s Ċ gmobsblhmzm Ŝb sĊ s m ahnacmzm fa dbrom j lhjurmhtm.
Atuhjb jëhg mvafuĊo lrnahbzaŪba gbh jarm dajmo partm, jĊutëhg smohm afm ruŜbhbb, mstm boplrtaht
sĊ dbo, gm asmomhma, atmhŪb fa mxbstmhŪa uhlr aomhbhŪĊrb mxtmrblarm, dlrŪm gbh adara lrnahbzaŪbmb
jarm bhdfumhŪmazĊ olguf èh jarm sm raplrtmazĊ fbgmrbb Ŝb ahnacaŪbb flr fa prlprba ouhjĊ. Ja
prldms larĊ, ja slr Ċ a glb pr ldmslr b gbh sbstmouf pukfbj gm èhv ĊŪĊoëh t Ŝb j uohatĊ a uhub gbrmjt lr
agcuhjt gm fbjmu, hu trmkubm sĊ jaut prma ouft, ja sĊ nĊsmsj mxmopfm afm uhmb astdmf gm sbtuaŪbb.
èh uroĊ ju jëŪbva ahb, slra oma, Asefmy, o-a suhat, pfëhnëhg fa tmfmdlh. Jëhg ao èhtrmkat-l jm sm
èhtëopfasm, ob-a spus jĊ zbaruf Elustlh
zbaruf Elustlh Jerlhbjfm pukfbjasm
Jerlhbjfm pukfbjasm huomfm tuturlr prldmslrbflr gbh
gbstrbjtuf Elustlh, afĊturb gm klhusurbfm pm jarm fm prbobsmrĊ, èh duhjŪbm gm rmzuftatmfm mfmvbflr fa
tmstmfm-stahgarg. Hu jbtbsmo èhjĊ zbaruf gbh ajma zb Ŝb b-ao spus, dlartm obratĊ3 ‘Asefmy, gar tu
prmgab fa nrĊ gbhbŪĊ. Mfmvbb tĊb hu gau a smomhma tmstm- stahga rg. M Ŝb huom fm tĊu trmjut pm fbst Ċ<"
Asefmy ob-a mxpfbjat jĊ huomfm mb mra trmjut ajlfl Ŝb jĊ zbaruf sjrba jĊ ma prbobsm jmf oab obj
klhus gbsplhbk bf. Jm ma jm hu sjr ba èh zbar mra jĊ kl husuf pr bobt g m ma mra j mf oab oarm gbhtrm jmfm
pm ja rm fm putmau prbob m gujat lrbb. ZĊ hm boanbhĊ o jm s-ar èhtëopfa ju lr bjarm aftĊ j atmnl rbm
prldms blhafĊ , gaj Ċ uh zbar ar ga pukfbjb tĊŪbb s afarbb fm sa u klhus urbfm ahnacaŪ bflr Ŝb , èh pfus, fm-ar
prmzm hta bhj lrmjt.

;1:
‘Zuht jlpfmŜbtĊ gm ruŜbhm", ob-a spus Asefmy, èhjĊ pfëhnëhg. ‘Wlt jm ob-ao glrbt vrmlgatĊ a dlst sĊ dbu prldmslarĊ. Ouhjmsj pm
krëhjb . Ao èopr uoutat kahb g m fa tlŪb j mb gbh daobfbm , ja sĊ fm juopĊr rmjebz btm uh lr jl pbb ja rm hu Ŝb fm plt pm robtm. Ztau
gupĊ lrm ju pĊrbhŪbb, ja sĊ fm mxpfbj juo sĊ-Ŝb acutm jlpbbb. Hu prbjmp. Zuht sutm gm prldmslrb ja obhm, gar hu jbtmŜtm hbomhb
gmsprm mb èh zbarm. Hu m vlrka glar gm obhm. ]hbb gbhtrm jmb oab kuhb prldmslrb pm jarm-b juhlsj sm ldmrĊ sĊ-b acutm pm jlpbbb
ju sbtuaŪbm gbdbjbfĊ, dĊrĊ sĊ sm nëhgmasjĊ l jfbpĊ gajĊ vlr prbob klhusurb sau jafbdbjatbvm oab oarb pmhtru asta. Zm ljupĊ gm
mb, pmhtru jĊ-Ŝb bukmsj ouhja Ŝb au èhjrmgmrm èh jlpbb."
Gbh pĊjatm, ajmastĊ aklrgarm gm tbp ‘fbtmra stajlcbm"* a mvafuĊrbb prldmslrbflr hu sm prajtbjĊ huoab èh Wmxas ‗ a gmvmhbt l prajtbjĊ
lkbŜhubtĊ pmstm tlt, èh Ztatmfm ]hbtm. Tmstma kuhĊ m jĊ uhbb au eltĊrët sĊ èhgrĊzhmasjĊ ju lrbjm prmŪ Ŝb sĊ ba plzbŪbm. Ja
rĊspuhs fa gmjbzba JurŪbb gm Apmf a statufub Hmw Rlr`, jarm a statuat jĊ mstm fmnaf ja pmrdlroahŪmfm bhgbvbguafm afm
prldms lrbflr sĊ db m dĊj utm puk fbjm, Kbff Na tms sj rba, èhtr-uh artbj lf gbh Hmw
gbh Hmw Rlr` Wboms3 ‘èh prmzmht, gmzvlftarma uhmb
olgafbtĊŪb sbstmoatbjm gm a-b acuta pm prldmslrb sĊ-Ŝb èokuhĊtĊŪmasjĊ pmrdlroahŪmfm mstm jma oab boplrtahtĊ bgmm èh mgujaŪbm.
]h mxmrjbŪbu gm uobfbrm pukfbjĊ hu m, ju sbnurahŪĊ, uh astdmf gm obcflj. Ar db oab kbhm sĊ jĊutĊo uh sbstmo gm mvafuarm a
pmrslha fufub, jarm sĊ-b acutm ju a gmvĊra t pm prldm slrb sĊ prlnrm smzm. "
GupĊ jm ao plstat pm Dajmkll` ajmst artbjlf af fub Kbff Natms, ao prbobt ouftm jlomhtarbb gm fa prldmslrb. Ao dlst
boprmsblhatĊ gm rĊspuhsuf uhub prldmslr èh vërstĊ3 ‘GupĊ obhm, hu plŪb sĊ-Ūb dajb kbhm omsmrba gm prldmslr, gmjët gajĊ l
dajb ju granlstm. Ajjmhtuf hu sm puhm pm trahsdmruf gm
bhdlroaŪbm,
* Wrbobtmrm fa rloahuf Fbtmra stajlcbm (15=9), gm Hateahbmf Eawtelrhm.
Eawtelrhm. L tëhĊrĊ, pm huom Emstmr Yryhhm, mstm
jlhgaohatĊ sĊ plartm uh A gm juflarm stajlcbm jusut pm rljebm, ja stbnoat èh jlouhbtatm pmhtru ajtuf gm aguftmr pm
jarm f-a jlobs, èh uroa jĊruba s-a hĊsjut l dmtbŪĊ (h. trag.)
;17
jb, oab gmnrakĊ, pm jrmarma uhmb atolsdmrm gm obstmr, boanbhaŪbm Ŝb gmsjlpmrbrm. Jëhg suht dlartm admjtat gm l sudmrbhŪĊ
pmstm jarm hu plt sĊ trm j, gm l tmom rm, gm uh smhtbom ht gm ruŜbhm nrmu gm jl htrlfa t, jm daj m u hu o ab ms tm prm garm, jb
trahsdmr gm bhdlroaŪbm, bar asta m prma puŪbh boplrtaht."
Yrldmslrbb hu suht sbhnurbb, èhsĊ, jarm sm jlhdruhtĊ ju prlkfmoa ruŜbhbb gbhtr-l jauzĊ mxtmrblarĊ lrnahbzaŪbmb flr (gm lkbjmb
oass-omgba). Gm
oass-omgba). Gm ouftm lrb, suht slfbjbtatĊ sĊ oĊ prlhuhŪ èh fmnĊturĊ ju ajmastĊ jemstbuhm, atuhjb jëhg gbsjut ju laomhb
gbh jatmnlrbb prldmsblhafm jarm au partm gm l boanbhm pukfbjĊ hmnatbvĊ ‗ avljaŪb, gmhtbŜtb, ahnacaŪb gbh dbhahŪm, prbhtrm
afŪbb. Z-ar putma ja uhbb jbtbtlrb sĊ-Ŝb gma ljebb pmstm jap Ŝb sĊ spuhĊ3 ‘Mb, eab, jĊ laomhbb ĊŜtba jebar suht
suht bhsuplrtakbfb!"
Ylt spuhm, èhsĊ, gbh prlprba mxpmrbmhŪĊ, jĊ hu m gmflj pfĊjut sĊ tm urasjĊ fuoma huoab pmhtru jĊ ab l ahuobtĊ ljupaŪbm,
jarm èhsmaohĊ jmva pmhtru tbhm0 ajmastĊ atbtugbhm platm bhdfumhŪa hmnatbv oufŪb laomhb Ŝb ouftm jufturb.
Jma oab kuhĊ oĊsurĊ jarm platm db aglptatĊ gm jlhgujĊtlrb, atuhjb jëhg sm pmtrmj asmomhma
akuzurb èh oass-omgba,
èh oass-omgba, mstm
mstm sĊ ba plzbŪbm, sĊ bhsbstm ja gatmfm sĊ dbm ldmrbtm èh olg jlrmjt Ŝb
rmsplhsakbf Ŝb sĊ jlhdruhtm astdmf gm rmfatĊrb ju pmrslahmfm admjtatm. M l nrmŜmafĊ sĊ sm jrmagĊ jĊ
ahnacaŪbb hu au gm sudmrbt gm pm uroa uhlr fujrurb gm dmfuf ajmsta. èh rmst, jmma jm platm dajm dbmjarm
èh partm m sĊ hu jrmagĊ Ŝb sĊ hu pmrpmtumzm stmrmltbpurbfm rmdmrbtlarm fa prldmsbuhb jarm prbh hatura
flr prmsupuh uh hbvmf rbgbjat gm strms.
[mfaŪba gbhtrm èhvbhubrm Ŝb ruŜbhm
Gbh puhjtuf omu gm vmgmrm, jmf oab kbhm sm èhŪmfmnm rmfaŪba gbhtrm èhvbhubrm Ŝb ruŜbhm èh dmfuf uroĊtlr3 jëhg èhvbhubrma sm
adfĊ fa vlfah, ruŜbhma stĊ pm fljuf gbh grmapta. èh lrnahbzaŪbb, èh Ŝjlfb Ŝb daobfbb, èhvbhlvĊŪbrma Ŝb arĊtarma ju gmnmtuf a
jubva
Zċ HM AZ]OċO L ZJEBOKA[M [AGBJAFċ ;1=
suht, agmsmlrb, sboptlom afm ruŜbhbb. Cuhm Wahnhmy Ŝb [lhga Gmarbhn, jmrjmtĊtlarm jarm stugbazĊ ruŜbhma, aratĊ jĊ, èh
rmfaŪbbfm gmdbhbtm prbh ruŜbhm, laomhbb ‘jëhtĊrmsj dlartm atmht vbha Ŝb pm jbhm uromazĊ sĊ dbm èhvbhlvĊŪbt". Autlarmfm oab
sjrbu jĊ3 ‘Atuhjb jëhg sm jlhdruhtĊ ju uh rmzuftat hmnatbv, bhgbdmrmht gajĊ suht sau hu jlhsmjbhŪm smrblasm, jbhmva sau
jmva trmkubm sĊ plartm rĊspuhgmrma (Ŝb vbha). Mxprmsba «sĊ Ŝtmrnb ju kurmtmfm° hu mstm dlflsbtĊ aprlapm hbjblgatĊ, èh ajmstm
rmfaŪbb." èh ajmfaŜb jlhtmxt, mfm agaunĊ3 ‘Fa uroa uromb, gajĊ trmkubm sĊ dbm nĊsbt uh vbhlvat Ŝb hu mu suht ajmfa, atuhjb
trmkubm sĊ dbb tu! Bar èhvbhlvĊŪbrma haŜtm ruŜbhm. Řb-aplb rĊhb sudfmtmŜtb, hmnarm, durbm, rĊzkuharm."
èhvbhlvĊŪbrma èhsmaohĊ, pur Ŝb sbopfu, sĊ tm gmsjarjb gm sudmrbhŪĊ Ŝb gm gbsjlhdlrt. èhvbhlvĊŪbo pm

jbhmva, jëhg hm sboŪbo bhjlhdlrtakbf Ŝb sudmrbo ‗ jëhg suhtmo vufhmrakbfb, durblŜb, rĊhbŪb
sudfmtmŜtm, ruŜbhaŪb, èhtrbstaŪb. èhvbhlvĊŪbrma hu arm hbobj jlhstrujtbv, bar gm ouftm lrb, prmsupuhm
sĊ-f dajb pm jmfĊfaft gm ruŜbhm sau, pur Ŝb sbopfu, sĊ dbb rĊutĊjbls. GajĊ èhvbhlvĊŪbrma gmvbhm uh tbpar
jloplrtaomhtaf èh juftura lrnahbzaŪbmb gbh jarm dajb partm, èhsmaohĊ jĊ mxbstĊ l prlkfmoĊ a
ruŜbhbb, jarm trmkubm slfuŪblhatĊ.
Juftura ouŜaoafbzĊrbb
èhrugbtĊ ju tmoa èhvbhlvĊŪbrbb mstm ajmma a ouŜaoafbzĊrbb. Wlt aŜa juo èhvbhlvĊŪbrma mstm uh
bhgbjbu jĊ, èhtr-l ahuobtĊ lrnahbzaŪbm, mxbstĊ l prlkfmoĊ a ruŜbhbb, jufturbfm ouŜaoafbzĊrbb gmpbhg
gm ruŜbhm, pmhtru a-b rmgujm pm ahnacaŪb fa tĊjmrm. Atuhjb jëhg juftura uhmb lrnahbzaŪbb adbroĊ jĊ m
oab boplrtaht sĊ dbm safvatĊ rmputaŪba uhub sbstmo Ŝb a jmflr gm fa jlhgujmrm, gmjët prltmcatĊ
gmohbtatma uoahĊ a bhgbvbzbflr sau a jlouhbtĊŪbflr, putmo db sbnurb jĊ ruŜbhma admjtmazĊ èhtrmnuf
sbstmo, jĊ kahuf mstm oab prmsus gm olrafĊ Ŝb jĊ hu oab mxbstĊ rmsplhsakbfbtatm. Asta-b agmvĊrat
pmhtru tlatm sbstmom fm, g m fa
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jlrplraŪbb, lrnahbzaŪbb hlhprldbt, uhbvmrsbtĊŪb, nuvmrhm, pëhĊ fa kbsmrbjb, Ŝjlfb, daobfbb Ŝb jfukurb
splrtbvm. M sudbjbmht sĊ hm nëhgbo fa jmfm oab oarb bhjbgmhtm jarm au plrhbt gm fa jazurb gm
ouŜaoafbzarm, pmhtru a bgmhtbdbja tbparuf.
èhtr-l jufturĊ lrnahbzaŪblhafĊ èh jarm rmspmjtuf Ŝb gmohbtatma bhgbvbguafĊ suht jlhsbgmratm jmfm oab èhaftm vaflrb,
ruŜbhma
ruŜbhma Ŝb èhvbhubrma
èhvbhubrma hu plt duhjŪblha
duhjŪblha ja tmehbjb
tmehbjb oahanmrbafm. Fbgmrbb hu jlhgu
jlhgujj kazëhgu-sm
kazëhgu-sm pm drbja ahnacaŪbflr
ahnacaŪbflr..
Mopatba m uh kuh gm prmŪ, rmsplhsakbfbtatma mstm rmnufa, hu mxjmpŪba, bar hmvlba uoahĊ gm apartmhmhŪĊ hu m dlflsbtĊ
pmhtru èhtĊrbr ma jlhtrl fufub sljbaf Ŝb a bhdfum hŪmb asupra ahnaca Ūbflr. Hu putmo sĊ hm prlpuhm o sĊ jlhtrl fĊo
jloplrtaomhtuf bhgbvbzbflr0 tltuŜb, putmo sĊ gmzvlftĊo jufturb lrnahbzaŪblhafm, èh jarm ahuobtm jloplrtaomhtm hu
suht tlfmratm, bar laomhbb suht rmsplhsakbfb gm prltmcarma a jm mstm jmf oab boplrtaht3 dbbhŪmfm uoahm.
Hu vlo rmzlf va pr lkfmomfm jlopfm xm ju jarm hm jl hdruhtĊ o èh z bua g m azb , dĊrĊ jrma tbvbtat m, bh lvaŪbm Ŝb èhvĊ Ūarm autmht bjĊ.
Hu putm o sĊ hm pm robtmo ja gbs jlhdlr tuf pm jarm hb-f p rlvlaj Ċ akl rgarm a tmom b ruŜ bhbb sĊ gmvbhĊ l pbmgb jĊ èh
rmjuhlaŜtmrma Ŝb jlokatmrma mb èh Ŝjlfb Ŝb fa fljuf gm ouhjĊ. Jmfm oab kuhm patru stratmnbb pmhtru jlhstrubrma uhlr
lrnahbzaŪbb rmzbfbmhtm fa ruŜbhm suht3
1. Fbgmrbb trmkubm sĊ èhgrĊzhmasjĊ
èhgrĊzhmasjĊ ju lrbjm prmŪ Ŝb sĊ
sĊ dajbfbtmzm gbsjuŪbbfm sbhjmrm
sbhjmrm gmsprm ruŜbhm,
dĊjëhg sĊ sm gmzvlftm jufturb rmzbfbmhtm fa ajmasta.
;. Wrmkubm dĊjutm mdlrturb pmhtru
pmhtru a èhŪmfmnm èh jm oĊsurĊ juftura lrnahbzaŪbmb mstm admjtatĊ gm
ruŜbhm Ŝb juo bhdfumhŪmazĊ, dĊrĊ sĊ hm gĊo smaoa, olguf èh jarm bhtmrajŪblhĊo ju jlfmnbb gm fujru sau ju mfmvbb.
:. A trata prlkfmomfm ju jarm tm jlhdruhŪb grmpt jmva hlroaf m l stratmnbm gbhtrm jmfm oab
boplrtahtm, gm dlroarm a rmzb- fbmhŪmb fa ruŜbhm. Fbgmrbb Ŝb oahanmrbb plt juftbva bopfbjarma ahnacaŪbflr flr, acutëhgu-b
sĊ èhŪmfmanĊ fa jm sm plt aŜtmpta.
Zċ HM AZ]OċO L ZJEBOKA[M [AGBJAFċ ;1>
Jarm suht prlkfmomfm jmfm oab gms èhtëfhbtm< Juo fm-au aklrgat jmbfafŪb< Jarm au dlst trĊbrbfm tafm, èh ajmfm sbtuaŪbb<
7. WlŪb ahnacaŪbb trmkubm sĊ-Ŝb mxmrsmzm akbfbtatma gm a dajm gbdmrmhŪa èhtrm ruŜbhm Ŝb vbhĊ, Ŝb sĊ èhvmŪm juo sĊ ldmrm Ŝb sĊ
prbomas jĊ rm ajŪbb gbh pa rtma jmflrf afŪb, èhtr-uh olg ja rm èhj uracma zĊ gmz vlftarm a pmr slhafĊ Ŝb bopfb jarma .
Juo sĊ gmpĊŜmŜtb, apmfëhg fa dmmgkaj`, gbstahŪa

jrmatĊ gm gmtaŜarma molŪblhafĊ
laomhbb èhgrĊzhmsj ju lrbjm prmŪ mstm

L jufturĊ èh jarm laomhbb èhgrĊzhmsj prmŪ mstm uha a rmajŪbbflr lhmstm Ŝb jlhstrujtbvm gbh
partma uhlr l aomhb jarm suht b opfbjaŪ b èh j mma jm da j. Ajm st fuj ru m fa dmf gm ag mvĊrat pmhtru
lrnahbzaŪbb, Ŝjlfb Ŝb daobfbb. Řtbao gmca jĊ daobfbbfm sm jlhdruhtĊ ju prlkfmoa fbpsmb gm dmmgkaj`0
tltuŜb, ao jlhstatat ubobtĊ, èh bhtmrvburbfm pm jarm fm-ao fuat, jĊ mstm l jemstbuhm gm prboĊ
boplrtahŪĊ Ŝb èh jagruf rmfaŪbbflr gm ouhjĊ.
LrnahbzaŪbbfm gbh zbua gm azb suht atët gm lksmgatm gm oĊsurarma prmjbsĊ a pmrdlroahŪmb, èhjët a
slfbjbta dmmgkaj` a
ldmrb, a prbob Ŝb a slfbjbta dmmgkaj` a gmvmhbt ‗ jm brlhbm!‗ jmva surprbhzĊtlr gm rar. Mstm rar
oarm gm dmmgkaj`, gmjët
jebar Ŝb èh Ŝjlfb, gmŜb èhvĊŪarma gmpbhgm èhtr-l oĊsurĊ ouft oab oarm gm dmmgkaj`, gmjët gm hltmfm
oëznĊfbtm nrĊkbt pm fujrĊrbfm gm jlhtrlf, sau jmfm nmhmratm gm jafjufatlr, èh tmstmfm-stahgarg.
darĊ dmmgkaj`, hu
Yrlkfmoa mstm jët sm platm gm sbopfĊ3 darĊ dmmgkaj`, hu platm mxbsta l sjebokarm ragbjafĊ. Jëhg hu vlrkbo ju jmb pm jarm-b
jlhgujmo gmsprm akbfbtĊŪbfm Ŝb lplrtuhbtĊŪbfm flr gm a sm gmzvlfta, ajmŜtba èhjmp sĊ sm èhglbasjĊ gm vaflarma ouhjbb flr Ŝb gm
bopfbjarma hlastrĊ. Aplb, aparm gmtaŜarma molŪblhafĊ.
fbpsĊ gm dmmgkaj` èh

Ao èhtrmkat oab oufŪb laomhb jarm mstm mxpfbjaŪba pmhtru l asmomhma fbpsĊ gm èh
lrnahbzaŪbbfm flr sau èh Ŝjlfb, èh rĊspuhsurb, ajmŜtba au dlflsbt juvbhtm gbdmrbtm, gar ao putut sĊ
bgmhtbdbj gluĊ prlkfmom boplrtahtm3
;15
1. Laomhbb mvbtĊ jlhvmrsaŪbbfm gbdbjbfm.
gbdbjbfm.
;. Hu Ŝtbo sĊ gĊo Ŝb sĊ
sĊ prbobo rmajŪbbfm jmflrfafŪb, èhtr-uh olg jarm sĊ jlhgujĊ fa
fa l mvlfuŪbm pm
pfah pm rslhaf sau fa prlnrm suf uh mb aj tbvbtĊŪb .
Tmstma kuhĊ m jĊ ajmstm prlkfmom plt db rmzlfvatm ju uŜurbhŪĊ. GajĊ l lrnahbzaŪbm dajm gbh jrmarma
uhmb jufturb davlrakbfm dmmgkaj`-uVub
davlrakbfm dmmgkaj`-uVub l
l prblrbtatm Ŝb l prajtbjĊ lkbŜhubtm, oab gmnrakĊ gmjët l
hmvlbm gmdmmgkaj` ‗
vaflarm aspbraŪblhafĊ, atuhjb mstm plsbkbf. Laomhbb au l oarm hmvlbm gmdmmgkaj` ‗ ju tlŪbb vrmo
sĊ hm gmzvlftĊo, èhsĊ avmo hmvlbm sĊ èhvĊŪĊo juo sĊ rmajŪblhĊo èhtr-uh olg jarm sĊ gujĊ fa
gmzvlftarm Ŝb bopfbjarm.
Gbh japuf fljufub, plt spuhm jĊ dmmgkaj`-uV

jĊ dmmgkaj`-uV èhdflrmŜtm
èhdflrmŜtm èh ajmfm jufturb, èh jarm fuoma hu mvbtĊ sĊ
grmpt jmva hlroaf.
plartm jlhvmr saŪbb gbdbjbfm , jb tratma zĊ g bsjlhd lrtuf fmnat gm as momhma gbsjuŪbb grmpt jmva
GajĊ fbgmrbb aprmjbazĊ ju agmvĊrat japajbtatma gm èhvĊŪarm, gm nëhgbrm jrbtbjĊ Ŝb gm sjebokarm,
atuhjb gbsjlhdlrtuf asljbat sbtuaŪbbflr gm ajmst dmf trmkubm jlhsbgmrat jmva hlroaf3 ‘Jrmgmo jĊ gmzvlftarma pmrslhafĊ Ŝb
èhvĊŪarma prlvlajĊ uh ahuobt gbsjlhdlrt ‗ aŜa sm èhtëopfĊ èh lrnahbzaŪba hlastrĊ, vmb sboŪb Ŝb tu asta. Boplrtaht m sĊ Ŝtbb
jĊ ajmst fujru m hlroaf Ŝb jĊ hm aŜtmptĊo fa aŜa jmva. YlŪb jlhta pm hlb ‗ èŪb jmrmo glar sĊ rĊoëb gmsjebs Ŝb sĊ ajjmpŪb
prlvlja rma." Jmma jm sp uh abj b mstm vafakbf fa lrb jm hb vmf Ŝb èh tla tm lrna hbzaŪb bfm, Ŝjlfbfm , jlo uhbtĊŪbf m rmf bnblasm Ŝb jeb ar
davlrakbfm uhub olg gm a trĊb gbh pfbh, pm jarm fm-ao
èh daobfbb. Ajjmptarma gbsjlhdlrtufub mstm jmva hlroaf èh lrnahbzaŪbbfm davlrakbfm uhub
jmrjmtat, Ŝb m uh fujru pm jarm f-ao trĊbt pm pbmfma oma èh safa gm jfasĊ Ŝb èh daobfbm.
Ao èhvĊŪat sĊ prmgau asbobfëhg ju avbgbtatm jĊrŪb gm pmganlnbm, jarm puh ajjmhtuf pm bopfbjarm Ŝb spbrbt jrbtbj ‗ aŜa juo
suht jmfm afm uhlr autlrb prmjuo kmfb ell`s* Ŝb Yaufl Drmbrm. * Ysmuglhbo fbtmrar af autlarmb dmobhbstm Ŝb ajtbvbstmb sljbafm
Nflrba Cmah ât`bhs (h. 12=;), gupĊ huomfm kuhbjbb mb, Kmff Kfabr Ell`s. (h. trag.)

;12
BhbŪbaf, mrao èhnrlzbtĊ gm bgmma jĊ, gajĊ mgujaŪba arm omhbrma sĊ trahsdlrom laomhbb, prljmsuf trmkubm sĊ dbm bhjlhdlrtakbf
Ŝb boprmgbjtbkbf. Ajuo, gupĊ jbhjbsprmzmjm ahb gm prmgat fa ]hbvmrsbtatma gbh Elustlh, fm spuh stugmhŪbflr omb3 ‘GajĊ lra
vb sm parm jlhdlrtakbfĊ, èhsmaohĊ jĊ hu prmgau juo trmkubm, bar vlb hu èhvĊŪaŪb. TmŪb trĊb stĊrb gm gbsjlhdlrt, gar asta m
jmva hlroaf, dajm partm gbh prljmsuf gm èhvĊŪarm."
Asmomhma mxpfbjaŪbb ‗ jĊ mstm hlroaf sĊ sboŪb gbsjlhdlrt, jĊ uromazĊ sĊ trmjb prbh ajmastĊ starm, oltbvmfm pmhtru jarm sm
èhtëopfĊ Ŝb gm jm m boplrtaht ajmst fujru ‗ rmguj ahxbmtatma, drbja Ŝb ruŜbhma. ZtĊrbfm gm gbsjlhdlrt jlrmspuhg uhlr
aŜtmptĊrb jlhsbgmratm hlroafm. Gm dapt, pm parjursuf smomstrmflr, ao stugmhŪb jarm oĊ aklrgmazĊ gupĊ jurs Ŝb-ob spuh3
‘èhjĊ h-ao sboŪbt gbsjlhdlrtuf gmsprm jarm hm-aŪb vlrkbt. èhjmp sĊ oĊ-hnrbclrmz." Asmomhma rmpfbjb jlhguj fa jlhvmrsaŪbb
dlartm boplrtahtm pmhtru obhm Ŝb-ob ldmrĊ uh dmmgkaj`
uh dmmgkaj` utbf
utbf gmsprm bopfbjarma stugmhŪbflr Ŝb jafbtatma ajtufub omu gm
prmgar m. Oa rma prlvlja rm, p mhtru fbgmrb , mstm sĊ hm jlhvbhn Ċ gm daptuf jĊ avm o hmvl bm sĊ juftbvĊ o jur acuf g m a sboŪb a jmst
gbsjlhdlrt Ŝb sĊ-b èhvmŪm pm jmb gbh curuf hlstru juo sĊ ajjmptm gbsjlhdlrtuf ja pm uh mfmomht hmjmsar gmzvlftĊrbb.
ldmrĊ dmmgkaj`, èh
Ymhtru jmf oab kuh olgmf ju prbvbrm fa juo sm ldmrĊ dmmgkaj`, èh aŜa dmf, èhjët sĊ-b dajĊ pm laomhb
sĊ mvlfumzm Ŝb ajtbvbtĊŪbfm sĊ prlnrmsmzm, oĊ vlb èhtlarjm fa rĊgĊjbhb, fa jm ao èhvĊŪat ja asbstmht
uhub dmmgkaj` vaflrls
sljbaf. MxpmrbmhŪa èob spuhm jĊ msmhŪa uhub dmmgkaj` vaflrls mstm sĊ aklrgmzb prlkfmoĊ gbh
pmrspmj tbva ‘ puhjtm flr ta rb" p m jar m fm arm bh gbvbguf . GupĊ juo sp uhm pr ldmslr uf gm asbstmh ŪĊ
sljbafĊ Gmhhbs Zafmmkmy, atuhjb jëhg mvafuĊo pmrdlroahŪa gbh pmrspmjtbva ‘puhjtmflr tarb" afm
uhmb pmrslahm, avmo ljazba s-l èhŪmfmnmo èh fuobha akbfbtĊŪbflr, a tafmhtmflr, a jlopmtmhŪmflr, a
plsbkbfbt ĊŪbflr, a pmr spmjtb vmflr, a vaf lrbflr Ŝb a spmrah Ūmflr hlastrm . Asuoar ma a jmstmb pmrspm jtbvm
hu hm jlhgujm fa sukmstboarma prlkfmomflr ju jarm hm jlhdruhtĊo,
;;9
jb hm acutĊ sĊ fuĊo èh jlhsbgmrarm jafbtĊŪbfm plzbtbvm, pm jarm fm avmo, ja rmsursm pltmhŪbafm èh slfuŪblharma flr. Gr.
Zafmmkmy susŪbhm jĊ3 ‘A hu Ūbhm jlht gm daptuf jĊ ab uh ahuobt pltmhŪbaf mstm fa dmf gm nrmŜbt juo mstm a bnhlra daptuf jĊ ab
l prlkfmoĊ".
L omtlgĊ mdbjbmhtĊ gm a èhŪmfmnm puhjtmfm hlastrm tarb mstm sĊ mxaobhĊo rmfaŪba gbhtrm akbfbtĊŪb Ŝb fbobtm. GajĊ fuĊo èh
jlhsbgmrarm jmma jm dajmo jmf oab kbhm, pm gm-l partm, Ŝb jmma jm vrmo jmf oab ouft sĊ sjebokĊo fa hlb èhŜbhm, pm gm
aftĊ partm, agmsmlrb gmsjlpmrbo jĊ jmfm gluĊ suht, gm dapt, varbaŪbb afm uhuba Ŝb ajmfubaŜb jloplrtaomht gm kazĊ. Jmb
oab oufŪb gbhtrm hlb, ahafbzëhgu-Ŝb oaclrbtatma ‘gmdmjtmflr" sau ‘fbobtĊrbflr", èŜb gmsjlpmrĊ prlprbbfm jafbtĊŪb, asjuhsm
gupĊ ajmfma.
Gm mxmopfu, èob plt rmprlŜa jĊ suht prma lksmgatĊ gm jlhtrlf Ŝb pfahbdbjarm sau, gbopltrbvĊ, plt
aprmjba jĊ suht l pmrslahĊ gm èhjrmgmrm, rmsplhsakbfĊ Ŝb mxbnmhtĊ. Hmvlba oma gm jlhtrlf hu
gbsparm, gar, gajĊ l prbvmsj gbh pmrspmjtbva puhjtmflr tarb, ao èhjrmgmrma hmjmsarĊ, pmhtru a oĊ
autl-mvafua Ŝb a stakbfb jm jloplrtaomhtm afm omfm aŜ vrma sĊ sjebok.
Ymrspmjtbva puhjtmflr tarb ‗ vrmau sĊ sukfbhbmz ajmst fujru ‗ hu èhsmaohĊ sĊ èhjmrjb ‘sĊ vmzb partma pfbhĊ a paearufub",
atuhjb jëhg tm jlhdruhŪb ju l prlkfmoĊ, Ŝb s-l jlhsbgmrb nata rmzlfvatĊ. Gar, prbh daptuf jĊ hm pmrobtm sĊ bgmhtbdbjĊo jarm
suht puhjtmfm hlastrm tarb, ma hm sunmrmazĊ hlb olgurb èh jarm fm putmo dlflsb, ja sĊ aklrgĊo gbdbjuftĊŪbfm èhrugbtm. ]h
olg èh jarm fm prmgau ajmastĊ pmrspmjtbvĊ stugmhŪbflr omb mstm sĊ fm jmr sĊ ldmrm Ŝb sĊ slfbjbtm dmmgkaj` èh èh fmnĊturĊ ju
rbomŜtm dmmgkaj` gm
prmzmh tĊrbfm flr fa jurs. At uhjb j ëhg uh stugmht susŪbhm l prm zmhtar m, m f Ŝb p rbomŜtm dmmgkaj` gm fa dbmjarm gbhtrm jlfmnb.
ZtugmhŪbb gbh safĊ trmkubm sĊ bgmhtbdbjm trmb jafbtĊŪb mvbgmhtm Ŝb l lplrtuhbtatm gm prlnrms. Mfmomhtuf-jembm, èh ajmst
mxmrjbŪbu, mstm jĊ stugmhŪbb trmkubm sĊ sm dlflsmasjĊ gm mvafuarma flr èh prbvbhŪa puhjtmflr tarb, ja sĊ sunmrmzm l olgafbtatm
prbh j arm j mf jm dajm prmzm htarma platm rmafbz a uh prlnrm s. Gm mxmopf u3
Zċ HM AZ]OċO L ZJEBOKA[M [AGBJAFċ ;;1
Yuhjtm tarb
1. Ob-ab japtat bhtmrmsuf jebar gm fa èhjmput, ju plvmstma ta pfbhĊ
pfbhĊ gm molŪbm.
;. Ab vmhbt ju mxmopfm jarm ob s-au pĊrut rmfmvahtm pmhtru vbaŪa oma.
oma.
:. Ab tras jlhjfuzbb, sukfbhbbhg stratmnbb
stratmnbb jarm plt db bopfmomhtatm Ŝb jarm au fmnĊturĊ ju bhdlroaŪbbfm
bhdlroaŪbbfm
prmzm htatm fa ju rs.
LplrtuhbtĊŪb
Ylvmstma Ŝb mxmopfmfm pm jarm fm-ab gat o-au dĊjut sĊ mopatb- zmz ju tbhm Ŝb ju jmma jm ab spus, gar jëtmlgatĊ ob-a dlst
nrmu sĊ jbtmsj tmxtuf gbh prmzmhtarma èh YlwmrYlbht Ŝb sĊ tm asjuft, èh ajmfaŜb tbop. Hu vlbao sĊ pbmrg hbobj gbh jmma jm
spuhmab Ŝb, tltlgatĊ, ob-mra tmaoĊ jĊ hu vlb putma uroĊrb sfbgm-urbfm. Gata vbbtlarm, platm pub oab puŪbhm juvbhtm pm
sfbgm- urb ‗ sau platm rmhuhŪb fa mfm. Ym obhm, o-ab jlhvbhs Ŝb dĊrĊ sfbgm-ue.
sfbgm- urb dĊrĊ sfbgm-ue.
Jmrjmtarma o-a jlhgus fa l jlhjfuzbm bhjlhtmstakbfĊ3 vufhmrakbfbtatma mstm uh mfmomht-jembm af prljmsufub gm dmmgkaj`.
Ajmst fujru mstm agmvĊrat, bhgbdmrmht gajĊ gĊo, prbobo sau slfbjbtĊo dmmgkaj`. Bar
dmmgkaj`. Bar vufhmrakbfbtatma hu gbsparm, jebar gajĊ
ldmrb dmmgkaj`.
avmo mxpmrbmhŪĊ èh a prbob Ŝb a ldmrb dmmgkaj`. MxpmrbmhŪa hm ldmrĊ, tltuŜb, avahtacuf gm a Ŝtb jĊ vlo ‘supravbmŪub"
mxpuhmrbb admjtbvm Ŝb hmsbnurahŪmb, Ŝb jĊ omrbtĊ sĊ hm asuoĊo ajmst rbsj.
]ha gbhtrm jmfm oab oarb nrmŜmfb pm jarm fm daj laomhbb, èh asmomhma sbtuaŪbb, mstm sĊ-Ŝb èokrajm
‘aroura". Ja sĊ hm prltmc Ċo gm vufhmrakbfbtatma pm jarm l bopfbjĊ daptuf gm a ga sau a prbob
dmmgkaj`, hm prmnĊtbo gm fuptĊ. Mstm uŜlr sĊ prmsupub jĊ dmmg-
jĊ dmmgkaj`-uf èb
èb dajm sĊ sm sbotĊ
vufhmrakbfb huoab pm jmb jarm-f prbomsj, gar ajmastĊ prmsupuhmrm mstm nrmŜbtĊ. Bopfbjarma rmafĊ,
bhgbdmrmht gajĊ vlrkbo gm aŜtmptĊrb sau gm jloplrtaomht, mstm asljbatĊ èhtltgmauha ju
hmsbnurahŪa, rbsjuf Ŝb mxpuhmrma molŪblhafĊ, pmhtru tlŪb jmb jm suht partm gbh prljmsuf gm dmmgkaj`.
;;;
BatĊ uh mxmopfu3 Zusah, gbrmjtlarm fa uh fbjmu boplrtaht, trmkubm sĊ gbsjutm ju uha gbhtrm prldmslarm gmsprm pfëhnmrbfm
dĊjutm gm jëŪbva pĊrbhŪb. AjmŜtba Ŝb-au mxprboat èhnrbclrarma, èh fmnĊturĊ ju daptuf jĊ rmspmjtbva prldmslarĊ èhcurĊ èh
tbopuf lrmflr Ŝb vlrkmŜtm fa tmfmdlh, gëhgu-fm vlbm uhlra gbhtrm mfmvb sĊ jebufmasjĊ, sĊ basĊ gbh jfasĊ lrb sĊ vlrkmasjĊ Ŝb mb
fa tmfmdlh, èh sbtuaŪba gatĊ, ‘sĊ-Ūb pub aroura" platm fua oab ouftm dlrom.
]ha mstm ajmma èh jarm Zusah jlopfmtmazĊ uh dlroufar gm pmhafbzarm Ŝb-f fasĊ pm kbrlu, bar atuhjb jëhg prldmslara bhtrĊ èh
èhjĊpmrm, èb spuhm, pur Ŝb sbopfu3 ‘Z-a dlroufat l pfëhnmrm èopltrbva ta. BatĊ, ao sjrbs uh raplrt pmhtru tlatm puhjtmfm gbh
rmnufaomht jarm au dlst èhjĊfjatm. Wm rln sĊ smohmzb abjb. ZĊ hu sm oab èhtëopfm." Wrmb obhutm, Ŝb èhtëfhbrma s-a èhjembat.
Hu mxbstĊ dmmgkaj`, hbjb prlnrms,
prlnrms, hbjb vrmuh prljms gm èhvĊŪarm, gar jazuf a dlst rmzlfvat.
rmzlfvat. Řahsmfm ja prldmslara
prldmslara sĊ-Ŝb
sjebokm jloplrtaomhtuf suht sfakm.
]h aft olg èh jarm ‘hm puhmo aroura"aroura" mstm jlhvbhnëhgu-hm

jlhvbhnëhgu-hm pm hlb èhŜbhm
èhŜbhm jĊ pmrslaha
pmrslaha jmafaftĊ omrbtĊ sĊ-b dbm rĊhbtm
smhtbomhtmfm sau sĊ dbm cbnhbtĊ. Fa dmf ja oufŪb gbhtrm hlb, Zusah èŜb ajjmptĊ oab uŜlr durba gmjët vufhmrakbfbtatma, aŜa jĊ,
mrbcëh- gu-sm èhtr-l autlrbtatm olrafĊ, èŜb spuhm3 ‘O- ao sĊturat gm tlatm prlkfmomfm astma. GajĊ prldmslrbb gm-abjb o-ar
rmspmjta, h-ar oab dajm astdmf gm fujrurb. Jebar o-ao sĊturat! Ob-a jrmat gbdbjuftĊŪb jebar gbh prboa zb, èh jarm ao èhtëfhbt-
l. èb arĊt mu jm sm-htëopfĊ, jëhg èŜb katm clj gm oatmrba pm jarm l prmgĊ!" èh flj sĊ sm dlflsmasjĊ gm ajmastĊ ljazbm pmhtru
a vmhb ju uh dmmgkaj`
uh dmmgkaj` jlhstrujtbv
jlhstrujtbv Ŝb pmhtru a gmzvlfta l rmfaŪbm jlfmnbafĊ, Zusah prmdmrĊ l jlhdruhtarm. L gatĊ èh pfus,
hbjb dmmgkaj`, hbjb
jazuf m rmzlfvat, gar hu mxbstĊ hbjb dmmgkaj`, hbjb prlnrms, hbjb prljms gm èhvĊŪarm, Ŝb jmf oab prlkakbf mstm jĊ hu sm va
sjeboka hbobj.
Agobt jĊ mu èhsĊob ao l èhjfbhaŪbm prlhuhŪatĊ jĊtrm jlhdfbjt. Zuht jmrtĊrmaŪĊ, rmpmgm èob sarm
ŪahgĊra Ŝb-ob pfaj molŪbbfm tarb èhtr-l jlhdruhtarm. Ob-m oab fa èhgmoëhĊ sĊ dbu durblasĊ

;;:
gmjët vufhmrakbfĊ,
vufhmrakbfĊ, aŜa jĊ bgmma gm ‘a-ob puhm aroura",
aroura", èhabhtm gm l mxpmrbmhŪĊ vufhmrakbfĊ,
vufhmrakbfĊ, ob sm parm atrajtbvĊ.
atrajtbvĊ. Gbh
dmrbjbrm, jmrjmtĊrbfm pm jarm fm-ao dĊjut o-au èhvĊŪat jĊ, atuhjb jëhg oĊ mrbcmz èh autlrbtatm olrafĊ, èhsmaohĊ jĊ ob-m
tmaoĊ. Mstm l olgafbtatm gm a-ob èhjlrga ouŜjebb, pmhtru a oĊ prltmca, jëhg ob-m tmaoĊ jĊ h-ao grmptatm Ŝb jrmg jĊ vlb
sjlatm gbh sĊrbtm pm jbhmva sau vlb db èhvbhlvĊŪbtĊ.
ZĊ stĊo gm ajmmaŜb partm a omsmb

Yrbhtrm aftmfm, èh prmnĊtbrma oma gm asbstmht sljbaf, ao èhvĊŪat jĊ tltuf jlhtmazĊ ‗ gm fa dmfuf juo vlrkbo ju laomhbb,
pëhĊ f a gmta fbb pr mjuo u hgm Ŝb juo stĊ o. Gm mxmopf u, h- aŜ vlr kb hbj blgatĊ ju uh jfbmht pmstm uh kbr lu0 o-a Ŝ rbgbj a gm fa
kbrlu Ŝb o-a Ŝ aŜmz a pm uh sja uh da ŪĊ èh daŪĊ ju mf , pmht ru ja hbobj v lfuobhl s sĊ h u sm bhtmrp uhĊ èh trm ob hm Ŝb mf. ū bh obht m
juo a dlst prboa larĊ, jëhg oao gus fa uha gbhtrm prldmslarmfm omfm gm asbstmhŪĊ sljbafĊ, ja sĊ gbsjut gmsprm hlta pm jarm
l prbobsmo. Z-a rbgbjat gm fa kbrlu Ŝb ob-a jmrut sĊ oĊ aŜmz fa l oĊsuŪĊ rltuhgĊ, Ŝb-a tras uh sjauh Ŝb s-a aŜmzat fëhnĊ
obhm. Jëhg ‘èob pusmsmo aroura" pmhtru ajma jlhvmrsaŪbm, ob-l è hjebpubsmo stëhg èh spatmfm kbrlufub mb oasbv, omtafbj,
bar pm obhm èhoëhëhgu-b sdbgĊtlarm fujrarma pm gmasupra kbrlufub Ŝb jmrëhgu-b mxpfbjaŪbb pmhtru hlta prbobtĊ. GupĊ jm s-a
aŜmzat fëhnĊ obhm, ao pus fujrarma pm oasĊ. èh tbop jm-ob spuhma3 ‘OĊ kujur j-ab vmhbt sĊ gbsjutĊo gmsprm fujrarma ta.
Ab dĊjut l trmakĊ kuhĊ0 ob-a pfĊjut mhlro jlhjfuzba fa jarm ab acuhs", oĊ kĊtma uŜurmf ju pafoa pm spatm. Ob-ao gat
smaoa ju surprbhgmrm jĊ hm adfao gm ajmmaŜb partm a omsmb.
Jlopfmt zĊpĊjbtĊ, ao rĊspuhs, dĊrĊ sĊ oĊ nëhgmsj prma ouft3 ‘OufŪuomsj. Ao ouhjbt dlartm ouft fa ma." Yrldmslara a
èhjuvbbhŪat gbh jap3 ‘Zbnur, sm vmgm. OufŪuomsj. ūb-ao sjĊzut hbŜtm puhjtm, pmhtru jĊ h-ab rmspmjtat jëtmva jrbtmrbb gm
rmgajtarm AYA. AŜ vrma sĊ tm jlhjmhtrmzb asupra ajmstmb prlkfmom,
èh jlhtbhuarm, Ŝb sĊ jlrmjtmzb oatmrbafuf. YlŪb sĊ trbobŪb tmxtuf uhmb rmvbstm, pmhtru a db pukfbjat, Ŝb haŜ vrma sĊ Ūb-f rmspbhnĊ
gbh jauzĊ jĊ h-ab dĊjut juo trmkubm trbobtmrbfm kbkfblnradbjm/
Mrao èhjĊ èhtr-l starm gm jlhduzbm.

jlhduzbm. Jrmgma jĊ fujrarma omrbta pukfbjatĊ< èb pfĊjusm< ‘Ab hmvlbm gm acutlr pmhtru
rmgajtarma gupĊ jrbtmrbbfm AYA<", o-a èhtrmkat. ‘M gmstuf gm jlopfbjat, obm ob-a fuat ahb gm zbfm sĊ-b gau gm japĊt."
(Mxjmfmht mxmopfu gm hlroafbzarm a uhmb prlkfmom.)
B-ao spus jĊ vlb jlrmjta mu rmdmrbhŪmfm Ŝb ao èhtrmkat-l gajĊ glrma sĊ sm ubtm Ŝb pmstm varbahta rmvbzubtĊ. A ajjmptat ju
kuhĊvlb hŪĊ Ŝb ob-a g at jë tmva sdatur b. B- ao ouf Ūuobt pm htru tbopuf ajlrga t Ŝb ao pfmj at, r mjuhls jĊtlar m pmht ru hltĊ Ŝb
pmhtru jĊ pr ldmsla rmb èb pĊsa ju agm vĊrat.
pmhtru dmmgkaj`.
AstĊzb, dlflsmsj mxprmsba ‘sĊ stĊo gm ajmmaŜb partm a omsmb" ja l omtadlrĊ pmhtru dmmgkaj`.
afdmmgkaj`-ufo autmhtbj3

Ylrhbhg gm abjb, ao jlhstrubt uh bhvmhtar afdmmgkaj`-ufo autmhtbj3
Řtbu jĊ suht nata sĊ ldmr dmmgkaj`, atuhjb

dmmgkaj`, atuhjb jëhg3
AŜ prmdmra sĊ oĊ aŜmz fëhnĊ tbhm, oab gmnrakĊ gmjët daŪĊ èh daŪĊ.
adfĊ èh daŪa hlastrĊ,

Zuht nata sĊ jlhsbgmr jĊ prlkfmoa sm adfĊ èh daŪa hlastrĊ, hu èhtrm hlb, Ŝb hu m glar a ta.
Zuht nata sĊ asjuft, sĊ puh èhtrmkĊrb Ŝb sĊ ajjmpt jĊ s-ar putma sĊ hu èhŪmfmn prlkfmoa èh
èhtrmnbom.
Trmau sĊ rmjuhlsj tlt jmma jm ab dĊjut kbhm, èh flj sĊ bhsbst asupra nrmŜmfbflr tafm.
èŪb rmjuhlsj puhjtmfm tarb Ŝb juo tm-ab putma dlflsb gm mfm, ja sĊ aklrgmzb gbdbjuftĊŪbfm ju jarm tm jlhdruhŪb.
èŪb plt arĊta jĊ mŜtb rmsplhsakbf pmhtru jmma jm ab rmafbzat, dĊrĊ sĊ tm daj gm ruŜbhm sau sĊ tm
èhvbhlvĊŪmsj.

;;=
Zuht gbspusĊ sĊ-ob asuo prlprba rmsplhsakbfbtatm.
Ylt sĊ-Ūb oufŪuomsj ju sbhjmrbtatm pmhtru mdlrturbfm tafm, oab gmnrakĊ gmjët sĊ tm jrbtbj
pmhtru mŜmjur b.
Ylt sĊ-Ūb mxpfbj èh jm dmf rmzlfvarma ajmstlr prlkfmom tm va dajm sĊ tm gmzvlfŪb Ŝb sĊ

èhtrmvmzb lplrtuhbtĊŪb0 Ŝb plt sĊ-Ūb gau uh mxmopfu prbvbtlr fa vufhmrakbfbtatma Ŝb
gmsjebgmrma pm jarm fm aŜtmpt gm fa tbhm.
L jlpbm a ajmstub bhvmhtar sm nĊsmŜtm pm sbtm-uf www.krmhmkrlwh.jlo
www.krmhmkrlwh.jlo..
Jët gm gbdmrbt ar db prljmsuf mgujatbv, gajĊ mfmvbb, prldmslrbb Ŝb pĊrbhŪbb ar sta gm ajmmaŜb partm a omsmb! Laomhbb ar db ouft
oab bopfbjaŪb, gajĊ fbgmrbb ar sta afĊturb gm mb Ŝb ar spuhm0 ‘TĊ oufŪuomsj pmhtru jlhtrbkuŪbbfm vlastrm. BatĊ juo aŪb putma
sĊ dajmŪb l sjebokarm boplrtahtĊ3 ajmastĊ prlkfmoĊ vĊ èopbmgbjĊ sĊ prlnrmsaŪb Ŝb jrmg j-l putmo rmzlfva èoprmuhĊ. Jarm
suht bgmbfm vlastrm, jarm hm-ar putma acuta sĊ dajmo uh pas èhabhtm< Jm rlf jrmgmŪb jĊ ao èh ajmastĊ prlkfmoĊ< Jm-aŜ putma
sĊ daj gbdmrbt, pmhtru a vĊ vmhb èh acutlr<"
ZĊ hm èhtlarjmo fa mxmopfuf ju Zusah, gbrmjtlarma jarm ‘èŜb puhma aroura" pmhtru jlhdruhtarma ju prldmslara. GajĊ ma ar
jbtb ajmastĊ fbstĊ, Ŝb-ar ga smaoa jĊ hu m èh sbtuaŪba gm a ldmrb dmmgkaj`, gm
dmmgkaj`, gm a db uh fbgmr agmvĊrat. Gar, pmhtru jĊ pfëhnmrbfm
pĊrbhŪb flr sm tlt ag uhĊ pm kbrluf mb, Ŝt bm jĊ trmkubm sĊ nĊ smasjĊ l slfu Ūbm èh jmf oa b sju rt tbop . Atuhjb jëhg mŜtb su k
prmsbu hm, sm platm glvmgb dlartm gbdbjb f sĊ dbb ra Ūblhaf Ŝb, t ltlgatĊ , pfb h gm j lopasbuh m pmh tru a lbmrb
a lbmrb dmmgkaj`.
AŜagar, atuhjb jëhg hu suhtmo gmsjebŜb, juo ao putma jrma uh spaŪbu sbnur pmhtru oahbdmstarma
vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb Ŝb pmhtru a prlnrmsa< Jëhg èŪb pub aroura pmhtru a ldmrb dmmgkaj`,
ldmrb dmmgkaj`, hu-f
hu-f acuŪb pm
jmfĊfaft sĊ dajĊ l sjebokarm autmhtbjĊ Ŝb gm guratĊ ‗ hu juhlsj pm hbomhb jarm sĊ ajjmptm
sĊ ajjmptm
dmmgkaj` gm
gm fa jbhmva sau
;;4
jarm sĊ-Ŝb asuom rmsplhsakbfbtatma pmhtru jmva, jëhg m atajat. [majŪbbfm bhstbhjtbvm puh stĊpëhbrm pm hlb Ŝb hm autl-apĊrĊo.
Jma oab kuhĊ slfuŪbm, pmhtru Zusah, ar db sĊ ldmrm ma èhsĊŜb uh mxmopfu af gmsjebgmrbb pm jarm Ŝb-ar glrb s-l vagĊ fa jmbfafŪb
Ŝb sĊ slfbjbtm dmmgkaj`
slfbjbtm dmmgkaj` gm
gm fa uhuf gbhtrm jlfmnb. Jëhg ao bhtmrvbmvat pmrslahm jarm puhmau oarm prmŪ pm dmmgkaj` Ŝb Ŝb dĊjmau
jmrb dmmgkaj` sau
mdlrturb èh ajmst smhs, mfm ob-au spus jĊ mstm boplrtaht sĊ jmrb dmmgkaj` sau sdaturb gm fa jlfmnb, jebar sĊ sboufmzb, prbhtr-
sĊ jmrb dmmgkaj` Ŝb
uh clj gm rlfurb, sbtuaŪba gbdbjbfĊ. GajĊ hu mŜtb gbspus sĊ jmrb dmmgkaj` Ŝb sĊ prbomŜtb, hu vmb db hbjblgatĊ prma prbjmput èh a-f
ldmrb. GajĊ Zusah èŜb platm nmstblha prlprbbfm trĊbrb èh aŜa dmf, èhjët sĊ-b ldmrm prldmslarmb uh dmmgkaj` autmhtbj,
autmhtbj, ouft oab
prlkak bf va vmgma sjeboka rma pm ja rm b- l jmr m pr ldmslar mb.
]hbb gbhtrm vlb sm platm èhtrmka3 ‘Yrlkfmoa ajmfmb prldmslarm mstm uha sbopfĊ, gm objĊ boplrtahŪĊ. Gm jm Ŝb-ar pbmrgm
slfbjbtëhg dmmgkaj` gm
Zusah tbopuf, slfbjbtëhg dmmgkaj` gm fa uh jlfmn pmhtru l asmomhma jemstbuhm<" Mstm l èhtrmkarm kuhĊ, bar rĊspuhsuf hm va
arĊta uh fujru boplrtaht3 oĊrboma, jlopfmxbtatma sau nravbtatma uhmb prlkfmom hu rmdfmjtĊ èhtltgmauha rmajtbvbtatma
hlastrĊ molŪblhafĊ fa ma. GajĊ Zusah hu platm sĊ sm aŜmzm gm ajmmaŜb partm a omsmb ju prldmslara hmrvlasĊ, hu arm
boplrtahŪĊ jët gm sbopfĊ m prlkfmoa sau jët gm jfarĊ èhjĊfjarma rmnufaomhtufub. Zusah ar putma èhvĊŪa gm fa jlfmnbb mb jĊ
sm sbotm prlvljatĊ gm jloplrtaomhtuf ajmfmb prldmslarm, sau jĊ ‘èŜb puhm aroura", èhtrujët jloplrtaomhtmfm
slfbjbta dmmgkaj` mstm
hmprldmsblhafm au gmvmhbt l rmnufĊ pmrbjuflasĊ èh jlfmjtbvuf ajmfa gm prldmslrb. A ldmrb Ŝb a slfbjbta dmmgkaj` mstm uh
prljms jarm bopfbjĊ èhvĊŪa rma Ŝb gmzvlft arma pmrslh afĊ, bar a èhŪmfmn m jbh m suhtm o Ŝb juo sĊ hm jlo plrtĊo ju jmb gbh cu ruf
hlstru stĊ fa tmomfba ajmstuba.
L gatĊ èh pfus, hu èhjapm èhglbafĊ jĊ sbtuaŪbbfm èh jarm jmrmo Ŝb ldmrbo dmmgkaj` suht

suht uhmfm gbhtrm
jmfm oab gbdbjbfm ‘armhm", èh jarm trmkubm sĊ èhgrĊzhbo ju lrbjm prmŪ. WltuŜb, ar db kbhm sĊ hm
uh dmmgkaj`
aobhtbo jĊ a db vbjtlrbls hu èhsmaohĊ a prbob uh dmmgkaj`

;;>
plzbtbv, sau a mvbta sĊ ld mrb uh uf hmna tbv, sau a mfu ga hmv lba gm dmmgkaj`,
gm dmmgkaj`, jb
jb èhsmaohĊ sĊ-Ūb gab cls
aroura, sĊ tm arĊŪb jmflrfafŪb Ŝb sĊ tm bopfbjb ju agmvĊrat èh jmma jm dajb.
Juracuf gm a db vufhmrakbf
[mjmht, ao Ūbhut uh gbsjurs fa Jmhtruf ^lfdd pmhtru Ahtrm- prmhlrbat, gm fa ]hbvmrsbtatma gbh
Elustlh. Mra uh jurs gmstbhat stugmhŪbflr gm mfbtĊ ‗ jlhsbgmrat jmf oab kuh prlnrao gm
ahtrmprmhlrbat gbh Ztatmfm ]hbtm ‗, èh jarm dbmjĊruba gbhtrm jmb := pëhĊ fa 79 gm jursahŪb b sm
rmpartbzmazĊ jëtm uh omhtlr Ŝb b sm ldmrĊ l prmnĊtbrm aprlduhgatĊ èh glomhbuf adajmrbflr. Ob s-a
jmrut sĊ fm vlrkmsj stugmhŪbflr gmsprm vufhmrakbfbtatm Ŝb putmrma bstlrbsbrbb trmjutufub.
Bh tbopuf smsbuhbb gm èhtrmkĊrb Ŝb rĊspuhsurb gm gupĊ gbsjurs, uhuf gbhtrm stugmhŪb ob-a agrmsat l èhtrmkarm gmsprm jarm
suht sbnurĊ jĊ Ŝb-l puh oufŪb gbhtrm jmb jĊrlra fm vlrkmsj pm tmoa vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb. BatĊ jm ob-a spus3 ‘èob gau smaoa jĊ,
pmhtru guohma vlastrĊ , vufhmra kbfbtat ma mstm boplrta htĊ, gar pmhtru obhm, jarm fujrmz èh g lomhbuf vëhzĊ rbflr, hu m jfar
jm ahuom èhsmaohĊ asta, oab mxajt. Gm mxmopfu, gajĊ oĊ èhtrmakĊ uh jfbmht jmva gmsprm uh prlgus, bar mu hu juhlsj
rĊspuhsuf Ŝb-b spuh sbhjmr3 «Zuht hlu abjb Ŝb hu prma oĊ prbjmp fa jm daj°... asta èhsmaohĊ sĊ dbb vufhmrakbf<"
JursahŪbb, jarm sm èhtlrsmsmrĊ ju tlŪbb sprm vlrkbtlr, ajuo s-au èhtlrs jĊtrm obhm, prbvbhgu-oĊ, ja Ŝb juo ar db vrut sĊ
spuhĊ3 ‘Jët gm aburma! Jebar trmkubm sĊ hm jloplrtĊo astdmf<"
[Ċspuhsuf omu a dlst3 ga Ŝb hu, èh ajmfaŜb tbop. èh ajmst sjmharbu, sĊ dbb vufhmrakbf èhsmaohĊ sĊ rmjuhlŜtb Ŝb sĊ-Ūb asuob
daptuf jĊ hu Ŝtbb jmva0 èhsmaohĊ sĊ-f prbvmŜtb èh ljeb pm jfbmht Ŝb sĊ-b spub3 ‘Hu Ŝtbu rĊspuhsuf fa èhtrmkarma
guohmavlastrĊ, gar èf vlb adfa bomgbat. Trmau sĊ oĊ asbnur jĊ prbobŪb bhdlroaŪba jlrmjtĊ." Fm-ao mxpfbjat jĊ, atuhjb
jëhg hu mŜtb gbspus
;;5
sĊ-Ūb asuob prlprba vufhmrakbfbtatm, rmprmzmhtatĊ gm daptuf jĊ hu Ŝtbb uh fujru, acuhnb sĊ tm sjuzb, sĊ
mvbŪb èhtrmkarma sau, jmf oab nrav, sĊ spub obhjbuhb. Asta rmprmzbhtĊ l flvbturĊ gm nraŪbm èh lrbjm
rmfaŪbm, Ŝb uhuf gbhtrm fujrurbfm pm jarm fm-ao èhvĊŪat gbh gbsjuŪbbfm ju jmb jarm fujrmazĊ èh vëhzĊrb
mstm jĊ, èh glomhbuf flr, tltuf sm rmzuoĊ fa gmzvlftarma gm rmfaŪbb.
H-aŜ r mjurnm mu èh sĊob fa ajmas tĊ ak lrgarm ju vr muh j fbmht, gar jr mg j- ab av ma huo ab gm jëŜtbn at, g ajĊ b -ab èo pĊrtĊŜ b jubv a
jĊ hu Ŝtbb jm ab gm dĊjut, bhgbdmrmht gajĊ uhub omhtlr, jarm platm sĊ-Ūb ldmrm sprbcbh Ŝb èhgruoarm, sau uhub jlfmn, jarm tm
platm acuta sĊ èhvm Ūb Ŝb -Ūb spuh m jĊ mxpmrbm hŪa ta mstm hlroafĊ . Boa nbhmaz Ċ-Ūb strmsu f Ŝb a hxbmta tma pm jarm fm-ab rmsboŪb , gaj Ċ
h-ab Ŝtb jm sĊ-b rĊspuhzb uhub jfbmht, èhjmrjëhg, tltlgatĊ, sĊ-f jlhvbhnb jĊ Ŝtbb rĊspuhsuf, gajĊ h-ab db èh starm sĊ jmrb acutlruf
jubva Ŝb h-ab putma gbsjuta ju hbomhb gmsprm prlkfmomfm tafm. èh dmfuf ajmsta sm pbmrg laomhb jarm ar putma db vaflrlŜb
pmhtru dbromfm èh ja rm fuj rmazĊ . Mstm prma gbdbjbf sĊ rĊ oëb bop fbjat, èh ajm stm jl hgbŪbb. èhjmpm o sĊ a klrgĊo fujrur bfm
supmrdbjbaf, hu hm oab pasĊ gm jm sm èhtëopfĊ Ŝb hm èhjebgmo èh hlb.
GupĊ jlhdmrbhŪĊ, uhuf gbhtrm omhtlrb a vmhbt fa obhm Ŝb ob-a spus3 ‘Ao fujrat tlatĊ vbaŪa èh vëhzĊrb Ŝb vrmau sĊ vĊ spuh jĊ
hu mxbstĊ hbobj oab boplrtaht, gmjët sĊ ab juracuf sĊ spub3 «Hu Ŝtbu° Ŝb «Ao nrmŜbt°. ZĊ dbb sbhjmr Ŝb gmsjebs mstm smjrmtuf
sujjmsufub èh lrbjm aspmjt af vbmŪbb hlastrm."
Ahuf trmjut, ao avut ljazba s-l bhtmrvbmvmz pm Nay Naggbs, dlhgatlarma Ŝb prlprbmtara anmhŪbmb W: (Wem Webh` Wah`) gbh
Austbh, Wmxas. W: mstm l boplrtahtĊ jlopahbm gm oar`mtbhn bhtmnrat, spmjbafbzatĊ èh jaopahbb h lvatlarm gm oar`mtbhn èh
tlatm oass-omgba. èh
tlatm oass-omgba. èh 1252, Nay Ŝb-a fbjebgat uh jlht gm pmhsbm, vbsëhg sĊ-Ŝb gmsjebgĊ l anmhŪbm gm pukfbjbtatm. GluĊzmjb-Ŝb-
trmb gm ahb oab tërzbu Ŝb gupĊ jm plrhbsm fa gruo ju glar jëtmva jlhturb rmnblhafm, Nay a dĊjut gbh W: jma oab boplrtahtĊ
anmhŪbm gm pukfbjbtatm gbh Ztatmfm ]hbtm, gmŪbhutĊ gm l dmombm.
Zċ HM AZ]OċO L ZJEBOKA[M [AGBJAFċ ;;2
Avëhg kbrlurb fa Austbh, Hmw Rlr`

Rlr` Ŝb Zah Dra hjbsjl, W: arm jfbmhŪb prmj uo Objrlsldt, ]YZ, CY Olrnah Jeasm, Ydbzmr,
Affstatm, Jlja-Jlfa Ŝb Zprbtm. JlopmtmhŪmfm mb oahanmrbafm bmŜbtm gbh jlouh Ŝb juftura jlrplratbstĊ b-au agus
rmjuhlaŜtmrma fa hbvmfuf èhtrmnbb ŪĊrb. A dlst bhjfusĊ èh jfasaomhtuf jmflr oab boplrtahtm ;= gm ahtrmprmhlarm, rmafbzat gm
Jlopahy, èh fbsta jmflr 19 ahtrmprmhlrb ab ahufub, rmafbzat gm Bhj.,
Dast Jlopahy, èh gm Bhj., Ŝb
Ŝb èh tlpuf jmflr oab boplrtahtm ;= gm oaom jarm
fujrmazĊ èh bhgustrba pukfbjbtĊŪbb, rmafbzat gm rmvbsta ^lr`bhn
rmvbsta ^lr`bhn Oltemr. Jebar Ŝb Jasa AfkĊ Ŝb-a oahbdmstat rmjuhlaŜtmrma daŪĊ
gm prlnraouf ‘W: Ŝb ]hgmr", rmafbzat gm Nay Ŝb W:, pmhtru lrnahbzarma uhub flj gm ouhjĊ davlrakbf rmfaŪbbflr daobfbafm.
Ao èhjmput bhtmrvbuf ju Nay, rmfatëhgu-b l gbsjuŪbm ju uh curhafbst mjlhlobj, ja rm-ob spusmsm

rmjmht jĊ, sprm gmlsmkbrm gm fbgmrbb gbh jlrplraŪbb, jarm au èh spatmfm flr uh sbstmo bmrarebj,
ahtrmprmhlrbb hu-Ŝb pmrobt sĊ dbm vufhmrakbfb. Jëhg ao èhtrmkat-l jm jrmgm ma gmsprm ajmst fujru, a
zëokbt3 ‘Jëhg rmhuhŪb fa vufhmrakbfbtatm, rmhuhŪb fa lplrtuhbtĊŪb*'.
A jlhtbhuat aplb, spuhëhg3 ‘Yrbh gmdbhbŪbm, ahtrmprmhlrbatuf èhsmaohĊ vufhmrakbfbtatm. èhsmaohĊ, èh prbouf rëhg, sĊ Ŝtbb sĊ
dajb daŪĊ bhjmrtbtugbhbb. Laomhbb sm sjebokĊ, kunmtmfm ‗ Ŝb mfm sm sjebokĊ, jlhsbfbbfm gm agobhbstraŪbm sm sjebokĊ, bar,
pmhtru a rmz bsta èh da Ūa jl opmtbŪbm b, trm kubm sĊ db b omrm u èh dlroĊ Ŝb omr mu bh lvatbv. Wrm kubm s Ċ ab l vbz buhm Ŝ b sĊ Ŝtbb s Ċ Ūb-l
pub èh prajtbj Ċ. èh sĊ hu plŪb sĊ ab l v bzbuhm , gaj Ċ hu mŜtb v ufhmra kbf. "
Řtbao gmsprm Nay jĊ-Ŝb gmgbja dlartm ouft tbop prmgĊrbb Ŝb omhtlratufub, gm ajmma ao èhtrmkat-l
jm-b sdĊtuba sĊ dajĊ, pm tbhmrbb ahtrmprmhlrb, atuhjb jëhg s-ar db jlhdruhtat ju bhjmrtbtugbhma. ‘Ymhtru
a avma sujjms, ahtrmprmhlrbb trmkubm sĊ juftbvm rmŪmfm gm susŪbhmrm putmrhbjm Ŝb sĊ sm kazmzm pm
omhtlrb kuhb. Wrmkubm sĊ èhvmŪb sĊ dajb akstrajŪbm gm «znloltuf° gbh cur, ja sĊ-Ūb gab smaoa gm jm
nëhgmŜtb Ŝb jm sboŪb ju agmvĊrat, aplb tm vmb putma jlhjmhtra pm jemstbuhbfm boplrtahtm. DĊrĊ
èhglbafĊ, tlatm ajmstma èhsmaohĊ sĊ dbb vufhmrakbf.**
]h aft mxmopfu jarm hm aratĊ boplrtahŪa vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb ‗ gm astĊ-gatĊ èhtr-l jlrplraŪbm ‗ mstm olguf èh jarm Jerbstbhm
Gay, gbrmjtlarma jlopahbmb Fufufmolh, aklrgmazĊ hlŪbuhma gm jlhgujmrm. èhtr-uh bhtmrvbu dbfoat pmhtru JHH Olhmy,
Gay spuhma gmsprm ma èhsĊŜb jĊ, èhtr-l vrmom, mra l gbrmjtlarm strĊfujbtĊ, dlartm bhtmfbnmhtĊ Ŝb jarm ‘sm spmjbafbzasm èh a
avma èhtltgmauha grmptatm". Wrahsdlroarma mb sm pmtrmjusm atuhjb jëhg rmafbzasm jĊ omtlga jma oab kuhĊ gm a-b jlhvbhnm
pm a hnacaŪ b sĊ sm bopfbjm Ŝb sĊ -Ŝb asuom rĊspuhg mrma hu m stm s Ċ fm spub jm sĊ dajĊ, jb s Ċ-b faŜb sĊ gmsjlpm rm mb è hŜbŜb jm m
gm dĊjut, èh duhjŪbm gm uh ahuobt lkbmjtbv, bar sarjbha mb mra sĊ jrmmzm uh spaŪbu èh jarm jmbfafŪb sĊ sm oahbdmstm fbkmr. Ma
jarajtmrbza rmspmjtbva sjebokarm ja dbbhg l trmjmrm gm fa ‘a avma jmfm oab kuhm bgmb sau a Ŝtb juo sĊ rmzlfvb tlatm
prlkfmom fm tu èhsuŪb" fa ‘a Ŝtb sĊ dbb uh agmvĊ rat fb gmr".
Zjebokarma gmsjrbsĊ gm ma rmprmzbhtĊ l trmjmrm gm fa èhtĊrbrma autlrbtĊŪbb fa asuoarma

vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb ‗ asuoarma rbsjurbflr Ŝb juftbvarma èhjrmgmrbb. GatlrbtĊ vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb, uhmlrb
putmo s Ċ hm sboŪbo f bpsbŪb gm put mrm, èhsĊ tr ahsdlr oarma mb dus msm, ju sbn urahŪĊ , l p rlkĊ gm dl rŪĊ.
Gay èŜb splrbsm huoĊruf gm oanazbhm gm fa >1 fa 1>7, vmhbturbfm tltafm jrmsjusmrĊ gm fa ;2> gm
obfblahm gm glfarb fa aprlapm uh obfbarg, bar ajŪbuhbfm jlopahbmb Fufufmolh jrmsjusmrĊ ju :99%,
gm fa ldmrta pukfbjĊ bhbŪbafĊ, gbh ;99>, pëhĊ èh ajmf olomht.
èh bhtmrvbuf sjrbs jarm f-a èhslŪbt pm jmf dbfoat, Gay a susŪbhut jĊ vufhmrakbfbtatma mstm sursa
jrmatbvbtĊŪbb, a bhlvaŪbmb Ŝb èhjrmgmrbb, jebar Ŝb atuhjb jëhg èhtëopbhb uh mŜmj. ]h prbhjbpbu af
Jerbstbhmb Gay, ja fbgmr, mstm ‘sĊ-b gmsjlpmrm pm jmb jarm suht èh starm sĊ vbhĊ ju slfuŪbb
obrajuflasm". BatĊ jm spuhma ma3 ‘Hm glrbo ja ahnacaŪbb hlŜtrb sĊ-Ŝb asuom rmsplhsakbfbtĊŪb, rbsjurb
Ŝb sĊ abkĊ spbrbt ahtrmprmhlrbaf ‗ ajmstma suht jafbtĊŪbfm flr, pm jarm fm jĊutĊo. Trmo laomhb jarm
sĊ jlhjmapĊ slfuŪbb obrajuflasm. Jmb ju l omhtafbtatm splrtbvĊ sm pltrbvmsj dlartm kbhm

;:1
fa hlb èh
d br o Ċ 3 s u h t
l k b Ŝ h ubŪ b s Ċ
jëŜtbnm, gar
ŜbsĊ
pbargĊ. Řtbu
juo s Ċ
rmajŪblhmzm
èh jazuf
èhdrëhnmrbb
èhdrëhnmrbb
Ŝ b juo s Ċ
gmpĊŜmasjĊ
mŜmjuf." Ma
a sukfbhbat,
gm
asmomhma,
jët gm
boplrtaht
mstm sĊ fm
pmrobŪb
ahnacaŪbflr
s Ċ dajĊ
nrmŜmfb3
‘[mnufa
hlastrĊ gm
aur< Wu l
sparnb, tu l
rmparb!"
111
glomhbuf
adajmrbflr,
1h Ŝjlfb Ŝb
bh
jlouhbtĊŪbb
m rmfbnblasm
‗ bh lrbjm
jufturĊ, gm
dapt, jebar
Ŝb bh daobfbb
‗, hm
putmo ga
smaoa bh jm
oĊsurĊ
laomhbb bŜb
asuoa
vufhmrakbfbt
vufhmrakbfbt
atma, èh
duhjŪbm gm
jët gm gms Ŝb
jët gm
daŪbŜ spuh
uroatlarmf
m fujrurb3 * •
• Hu Ŝtbu
Ŝtbu..
• Ao hmvlbm
hmvlbm gm acutlr.
acutlr.
• AŜ vrma sĊ daj l èhjmrjarm,
èhjmrjarm, sĊ vĊg
vĊg juo m.
• Mstm boplrtaht
boplrtaht pmhtru
pmhtru obhm.
• Hu suht gm ajlrg ‗ putmo sĊ sĊ vlrkbo gmsprm asta<
• H-a omrs, gar ao èhvĊŪat ouftm fujrurb.
• Ga, mu ao ao dĊjut asta.
• ]btm gm jm ao hmvlbm..
hmvlbm....
• ]btm juo
juo oĊ sbot...
sbot...
• Ao hmvlb
hmvlbmm gm dmmgkaj`.
gm dmmgkaj`.
• èob spub Ŝb obm jm jrmzb gmsprm
gmsprm asta<
• Jm-aŜ putma sĊ sĊ daj oab kbhm, gata vbbtlarm<
vbbtlarm<
• YlŪb sĊ oĊ-hvmŪb
oĊ-hvmŪb juo sĊ daj asta<
• Ao avut Ŝb mu uh rlf èh tlt tlt jm s-a èhtëopfat.
• Agobt jĊ suht Ŝb mu rmsplhsakbf pmhtru ajmst fujru.
Zuht abjb, lrbjëhg ab hmvlbm gm obhm.
▩Trmau sĊ tm acut.
▩Ao pbmrgut, gar omrnmo oab gmpartm!
▩ è ob j m r s j u z m .
▩Ob-ab dĊjut uh oarm smrvbjbu.
▩OufŪuomsj.
;:;
Ymhtru jmb jarm jlhguj, vufhmrakbfbtatma sm jlhduhgĊ, agmsma, ju starma gm gbsjlhdlrt. èh jartma sa, Wrbkurb. Avmo hmvlbm
gm tbhm, ja sĊ hm jlhgujb, Zmte Nlgbh sjrbm3 ‘MxbstĊ puŪbhb fbgmrb, dbbhgjĊ puŪbhb laomhb suht gbspuŜb sĊ suplrtm
gbsjlhdlrtuf pm jarm-f prmsupuhm ajtuf gm a jlhgujm. Wljoab gm ajmma, fbgmrbb suht atët gm vaflrlŜb... Hu m jlhdlrtakbf sĊ
vlrkmŜtb èh daŪa uhlr strĊbhb. Hu m jlhdlrtakbf sĊ prlpub l bgmm jarm ar putma db uh mŜmj. Hu m jlhdlrtakbf sĊ èhjmrjb sĊ
sjebokb l starm gm fujrurb kbhm èhrĊgĊjbhatĊ. Hu m jlhdlrtakbf sĊ rmzbŜtb hmvlbb gm a ajjmpta l slfuŪbm. Jëhg bgmhtbdbjb
oltbvuf gbsjlhdlrtufub, ab gmsjlpmrbt l sbtuaŪbm èh jarm m hmvlbm gm uh fbgmr. GajĊ tm sboŪb jlhdlrtakbf èh plzbŪba ta gm
fbgmr, mstm aprlapm sbnur jĊ hu-Ūb rmafbzmzb tlt pltmhŪbafuf gm jlhgujĊtlr."
Ztugbbhg gatmfm Ŝb jbtbhg hltmfm pm jarm ob fm-ao fuat èh uroa bhtmrvburbflr dĊjutm ju laomhb adfaŪb èh plsturb gm
jlhgujmrm, o-ao èhtrmkat jm fm-ar spuhm mfmvbb prldmslrbflr, sau prldmslrbb gbrmjtlrbflr, gaj-ar avma ljazba sĊ fm
vlrkmasjĊ gmsprm jm dmf gm fbgmrb fm-ar trmkub. O-ao èhtrmkat jm b-ar spuhm uh rmprmzmhtaht gm rmfaŪbb ju jfbmhŪbb Ŝmdufub
sĊu, Ŝb jm b-ar jmrm. Jm hm glrbo sĊ Ŝtbm laomhbb gmsprm hlb Ŝb jm fm-ao jmrm hlb, gaj-ao avma ljazba<
èh tbop jm hltao rĊspuhsurbfm fa ajmstm èhtrmkĊrb, ob-ao gat smaoa jĊ smoĊhau ju uh oahbdmst.
BatĊ-fm3
ÈHG[ċSHMŘWM J] L[BJM Y[Mū.
]H OAHBDMZW YMHW[] FBGM[B
OĊ agrmsmz
agrmsmz gbrmjt
gbrmjtlrb
lrbflr
flr nmhmraf
nmhmrafbb Ŝb prldms
prldmslrb
lrbflr
flr.. Gbrmjtl
Gbrmjtlrbf
rbflr
lr gm Ŝjlfb
Ŝjlfb Ŝb oahanm
oahanmrbf
rbflr
lr..
Ylfb
Ylfbtb
tbjb
jbmh
mhbf
bflr
lr,, fbgm
fbgmrb
rbfl
flrr gm jlou
jlouhb
hbtĊ
tĊŪb
Ūb Ŝb dajtl
dajtlrb
rbfl
flrr gm gmjb
gmjbzb
zbm,
m, èh nmhmra
nmhmraf.
f. Trmo
rmo sĊ hm
mxprboĊo, sĊ èhvĊŪĊo Ŝb sĊ-b bhspbrĊo pm tlŪb jmbfafŪb sĊ dajĊ l sjebokarm.

;::
Avmo l hmvlbm èhhĊsjutĊ gm a stakbfb fmnĊturb uoahm prlduhgm, gm a db jurblŜb Ŝb gm a hm bopfbja èh jmma jm
dajmo. Hm glrbo ja tlt jm dajmo sĊ abkĊ uh smhs Ŝb, gm asmomhma, sĊ gĊo glvagĊ gm jrmatbvbtatm Ŝb sĊ
jlhtrbkubo fa kbhmfm jmflr gbh cur.
Trmo sĊ hm asuoĊo rbsjurb, sĊ hm ajjmptĊo vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbfm Ŝb sĊ dbo juraclŜb.
Jëhg mgujaŪba Ŝb ouhja suht gmzuoahbzatm ‗ jmma jm sm èhtëopfĊ, atuhjb jëhg hu oab suhtmo rmjuhlsjuŪb Ŝb
èhjuracaŪb sĊ èhgrĊzhbo, lrb atuhjb jëhg hu jlhtmazĊ gmjët jmma jm prlgujmo sau juo hm ajebtĊo gm sarjbhb
‗ hm gmtaŜĊ o admjtb v Ŝb rmhuhŪ Ċo tljoab fa fujrurb fm gm jarm jmbfafŪ b au hmvlbm gm fa hlb3 tafmhtm , bgmb Ŝb
pasbuhb .
Jmma jm vĊ jmrmo mstm sĊ vĊ bopfbjaŪb afĊturb gm hlb, sĊ vĊ mxprboaŪb afĊturb gm hlb Ŝb sĊ èhvĊŪaŪb gm fa hlb.
Dmmgkaj`-uf mstm
Dmmgkaj`-uf mstm uha gbhtrm duhjŪbbfm rmspmjtufub0 gajĊ hu vmŪb gbsjuta sbhjmr ju hlb gmsprm
puhjtm fm hla strm t arb Ŝb lplrtuh btĊŪbfm gm a hm gm zvlfta , vlo puhm s uk smo huf èht rmkĊr bb atë t
jlhtrbkuŪba, jët Ŝb bopfbjarma hlastrĊ.
Oab ouft ja lrbjm, vĊ jmrmo sĊ vĊ mxprboaŪb, sĊ vĊ arĊtaŪb Ŝb sĊ dbŪb juraclŜb. èhgrĊzhbŪb ju

lrbjm prmŪ, afĊturb gm hlb!
L jlpbm a ajmstub oahbdmst sm nĊsmŜtm pm sbdm-uf w^^!kūmhm!kū;^h3££o.-
JAYBWLF]F >
mfmomht af vbmŪbb trĊbtm gbh
Yarmhtbhn-uf,
pfbh3 sĊ èhgrĊzhbo sĊ dbo aŜa juo ao

vrma sĊ dbm jlpbbb hlŜtrb
JBHM Z]HWMO ŘB J]O HM [AYL[WċO fa fuom suht prmgbjtlrb oab kuhb ju prbvbrm fa dmfuf èh jarm sm vlr
gmsjurja, fa vërstĊ aguftĊ, jlpbbb hlŜtrb, gmjët juhlŜtbhŪmfm hlastrm gmsprm parmhtbhn. GajĊ
parmhtbhn. GajĊ vrmo sĊ hm mgujĊo
jlpbbb sĊ èhgrĊzhmasjĊ ju lrbjm prmŪ, èhtr-l jufturĊ a fub ‘hu-b gm acuhs", èhtrmkarma-jembm hu mstm3 ‘èŪb mgujb
jlpbbb gupĊ jma oab kuhĊ omtlgĊ<", jb, oab gmnrakĊ3 ‘MŜtb aŜa juo Ūb-ab glrb sĊ dbm jlpbbb tĊb, jëhg vlr db oarb<"
Yarmhtbhn
Yarmhtbhn -uf , èhtr-l jufturĊ a fub ‘hu-b gm acuhs"
-uf
Jmb oab oufŪb gbhtrm hlb Ŝb-ar glrb sĊ abkĊ fa èhgmoëhĊ uh oahuaf jët oab ajjmsbkbf, jarm sĊ jlhŪbhĊ rĊspuhsurbfm fa tlatm
gmsprm parmhtbhn, uhuf
èhtrmkĊrbfm hlastrm plsbkbfm gmsprm parmhtbhn, uhuf narahtat gm mxpmrŪb Ŝb jarm sĊ hm rmgujĊ vufhmrakbfbtatma fa obhbouo.
Ao vrma sĊ Ŝtbo jĊ, gajĊ uroĊo hbŜtm rmnufb sau agmrĊo fa l omtlgĊ susŪbhutĊ gm uh ahuobt mxpmrt èh parmhtbhn, jlpbbb
parmhtbhn, jlpbbb
hlŜtrb vlr rmuŜb sĊ glaroĊ hlaptma, vlr db dmrbjbŪb, èŜb vlr dajm prbmtmhb, vlr avma rmuŜbtm prldmsblhafm Ŝb vlr trĊb èh
sbnurahŪĊ.
YA[MHWBHN-]F, MF
YA[MHWBHN-]F, M FMOMHW AF TB MūBB W[ċBWM GB H Y FB H ;:=
Bhjmrtbtugbhma parmhtbhn-ufub platm
Bhjmrtbtugbhma parmhtbhn-ufub platm ga haŜtmrm uhlr trĊbrb gbhtrm jmfm oab hmpfĊjutm, gm fa drustrarm pëhĊ fa nrlazĊ.
Hmvlba hlastr Ċ gm sbnura hŪĊ, èhtr-uh gmomrs atët gm hm sbnur, prmjuo jrmŜt mrma jlpbbfl r, daj m ja stratm nbbfm gmsprm ‘dmfuf èh
jarm sĊ-Ūb jrmŜtb jlpbbb" sĊ dbm dlartm Ŝb atrajtbvm,
atrajtbvm, Ŝb pmrbjuflasm,
pmrbjuflasm, èh mnafĊ oĊsurĊ. Zpuh ‘pmrbjuflasm",
‘pmrbjuflasm", pmhtru jĊ
jmrtbtugbhma gĊ haŜtmrm, agmsmlrb, bhdfmxbkbfbtĊŪbb èh nëhgbrm, bhtlfmrahŪmb Ŝb atbtugbhbflr jrbtbjm. BatĊ gm jm pĊrbhŪbb suht atët
gm jrbtbjb uhbb ju jmbfafŪb ‗ hm èhjrmgmo tltaf èhtr-l ahuobtĊ omtlgĊ, aplb aklrgarma hlastrĊ gmvbhm
hlastrĊ gmvbhm jma
jma oab kuhĊ gbhtrm
tlatm. Jëhg suhtmo atët gm lksmgaŪb gm afmnmrbfm pm jarm trmkubm sĊ fm dajmo ja pĊrbhŪb, vĊzëhgu-b pm afŪbb jĊ daj aftm
afmnmrb, pmrjmpmo gbdmrmhŪa ja pm l jrbtbjĊ gbrmjtĊ a dmfufub èh jarm hm jrmŜtmo jlpbbb.
èh olg brlhbj, jrmŜtmrma jlpbbflr m uh jëop obhat gm ruŜbhm Ŝb cugmjĊŪb olrafm, tljoab pmhtru jĊ
jmb oab oufŪb gbhtrm hlb hm jlhdruhtĊo ju hmsbnurahŪa Ŝb hmèhjrmgmrma èh sbhm, atuhjb jëhg vbhm
vlrka gm jrmŜtmrma jlpbbflr.
Gm aftdmf, rarmlrb rmjurnmo fa cugmjĊŪb pfbhm gm supmrblrbtatm, atuhjb jëhg avmo èhjrmgmrm èh gmjbzbbfm hlastrm ‗ hu vlb
dajm atëta jaz jĊ tu fm gab jlpbbflr tĊb faptm hm-lrnahbj, gajĊ suht sbnurĊ jĊ mu èob erĊhmsj jlpbbb juo trmkubm. èhsĊ, gajĊ
afmnmrbfm omfm suht oarjatm gm èhglbafĊ, ajmf jrbtbj pfbh gm supmrblrbtatm gbh hlb èŜb va dajm juhlsjutĊ prmzmhŪa ‗ Ŝb hu
èhtr-uh olg suktbf ‗, jëhg fm vlo ga fmjŪbb gm parmhtbhn aftlr
aftlr pĊrbhŪb. Wmaoa jĊ hu suhtmo pĊrbhŪb pmrdmjŪb hm èhgmaohĊ
sĊ jĊutĊo l jlhdbroarm a daptufub jĊ, fa uroa uromb, suhtmo oab
suhtmo oab kuhb gmjët jmb pm jarm-b jrbtbjĊo.
Gbhjlfl gm spmrahŪmfm Ŝb tmomrbfm pm jarm fm avmo, fmnatm gm jlpbbb hlŜtrb, sm adfĊ uh agmvĊr tmrbkbf3
hu mxbstĊ hbjb l omtlgĊ pmrdmjtĊ gm mgujarm a jlpbbflr Ŝb hu avmo hbjb l narahŪbm jĊ dajmo fujrurbfm
gmsprm parmhtbhn- uf
juo trmkubm. Gm fa gmzkatmrbfm gmsprm parmhtbhn- uf kazat pm ataŜaomhtuf admjtbv, sau gmsprm
supmrblrbtatma
;:4
jmfub murlpmah, pëhĊ fa gmdĊboarma oaomflr ‘tbnrlabjm"* Ŝb a pĊrbhŪbflr-mfbjlptmr**, ajmstm

gmsprm parmhtbhn, hm
sukbmjtm, asupra jĊrlra sm plartĊ oarm partm gbh gbsjuŪbbfm gmsprm parmhtbhn, hm gbstran atmhŪba èh
olg jlhvmhakbf gm fa uh agmvĊr boplrtaht, nrmu gm ajjmptat3 jbhm suhtmo Ŝb juo hm raplrtĊo fa
fuom suht prmgbjtlrb oab kuhb ab dmfufub èh jarm sm vlr gmsjurja, fa vërstm aguftm, jlpbbb hlŜtrb,
gmsprm parmhtbhn.
gmjët juhlŜtbhŪmfm hlastrm gmsprm parmhtbhn.
Hu suht uh mxpm rt èh jrmŜt mrma jlpbbfl r. Gm d apt, hbjb h u prm a jrm g èh asmomhm a mxpm rŪb. Zuht l jmrj mtĊtla rm pa sblhatĊ Ŝb uh
pĊrbhtm bopfbja t Ŝb bo pmrdm jt. AŜa juo ao spus èh bhtrlgu jmrm, suht u h jart lnrad ju mxp mrbmhŪ Ċ Ŝb uh jĊf Ċtlr ŜlvĊbm fhbj. Ja
pmhtru oufŪb gb htrm vlb, parmhtbhn-uf
vlb, parmhtbhn-uf mstm,
mstm, gm gmpartm, jma oab oarm juraclasĊ Ŝb oab èhgrĊzhmaŪĊ avmhturĊ a oma.
gmsprm parmhtbhn Ŝb
èhjĊ gm fa èhjmputuf jmrjmtĊrbb omfm asupra ruŜbhbb, ao aguhat gatm gmsprm parmhtbhn Ŝb ao dlst
dlartm atmhtĊ fa jm-ob spuhmau partbjbpahŪbb fa bhtmrvburb gmsprm dmfuf juo dusmsmrĊ jrmsjuŪb Ŝb juo
èŜb jrmŜtmau mb èhŜbŜb jlpbbb. Oltbvuf m uhuf sbopfu3 tmomfba smhtbomhtufub prlprbmb vaflrb ‗ a
smhtbomhtufub ‘mu èhsuob suht gm acuhs" ‗ mstm pusĊ èh jagruf daobfbmb èh jarm hm-ao hĊsjut. Hu
tltuf sm rmzuoĊ fa puhmrma ajmstmb tmomfbb, èhsĊ jmma jm èhvĊŪĊo gmsprm hlb èhŜbhm Ŝb dmfuf èh jarm
èhvĊŪĊo sĊ hm raplrtĊo fa fuom èh jlpbfĊrbm arm uh bopajt atët gm oarm asupra hlastrĊ, èhjët dbm hm
vlo pmtrmjm l partm smohbdbjatbvĊ gbh vbaŪĊ zkĊtëhgu-hm ja sĊ hm glvmgbo prlprba vaflarm, dbm
vlo avma partm gm spmrahŪĊ, jurac Ŝb rmzbfbmhŪĊ pmhtru tlt rmstuf vbmŪbb, gatlrbtĊ ajmstmb bhdfumhŪm.
DĊrĊ èhglbafĊ, dmfurbfm juo nëhgbo, sboŪbo Ŝb hm jloplrtĊo au fa kazĊ jmva èhhĊsjut, gar suht supusm bhdfumhŪmb omgbufub.
* Wmromh jarm sm rmdmrĊ fa oaomfm mxanmrat gm strbjtm ju jlpbbb flr, jarm jautĊ sĊ fm bhsudfm uh spbrbt dlartm jlopmtbtbv, èh fmnĊturĊ ju
pmrdlroahŪmfm Ŝjlfarm, (h. trag.)
** YĊrbhŪbb jarm suht prma nrbcufbb ju jlpbbb flr ‗ omtadlra sunmrmazĊ jĊ ajmŜtba ‘sm èhvërt" èhtruha pm gmasupra flr, ja mfbjlptmrmfm, (h.
trag.)
YA[MHWBHN-TF , MFMOMHW AF TBMūBB W[ċBWM GBH YFBH

YA[MHWBHN-TF
;:>
Hu oĊ eazar gmz s Ċ ga u prl jmhtm ‗ suht jlhvbhs Ċ jĊ hu vlo avma hbjblga tĊ jb drm p rmjbsm gmsprm raplrt uf gbh trm haturĊ Ŝb
omgbu. WltuŜb, h-ao hbjb l èhglbafĊ jĊ, èh prbvbhŪa smhtbomhtufub gm a db gmohb gm bukbrm, a jmfub gm apartmhmhŪĊ Ŝb a jmfub
af prlprbmb vaflrb, suhtmo prlduhg bhdfumhŪaŪb gm daobfbbfm hlastrm gm lrbnbhm ‗ gm jm ao auzbt, jm hb s-a spus Ŝb, platm jmf
oab boplrtaht, gm jm ao vĊzut fa pĊrbhŪbb hlŜtrb, fa dmfuf èh jarm s-au raplrtat mb fa fuom.
Ja pĊrbhŪb, s-ar putma sĊ avmo jlhtrlf oab puŪbh gmjët jrmgmo

gmjët jrmgmo asupra
asupra tmopmraomhtufub Ŝb
pmrslha fbtĊŪbb jlpbfufu b hlst ru Ŝb oab pu Ūbh asu pra j ufturbb hmoufŪ uobrbb, gmjët ao vrma. èhsĊ
vrma. èhsĊ avmo
plsbkbfb tatma gm a prlguj m l b hdfumhŪ Ċ smoh bdbjatb vĊ èh aftm prbvbhŪm 3 putm o sĊ-b acutĊo pm jl pbbb
hlŜtrb sĊ-Ŝb èhŪmfmanĊ jafbtĊŪbfm èhhĊsjutm, sĊ sm dlflsmasjĊ gm mfm Ŝb sĊ fm aprmjbmzm0 gm asmomhma,
putmo sĊ-b è hvĊŪĊo juo sĊ glkëhgm asjĊ rmzbfbm hŪĊ èh daŪa omsacm flr j ufturaf m hmj lhtmhbt m, gm tbpuf
‘hu m gm acuhs". GajĊ vrmo sĊ hm mgujĊo jlpbbb sĊ èhgrĊzhmasjĊ ju lrbjm prmŪ, èhtr-l jufturĊ a
dlroufmb ‘hu m gm acuhs", èhtrm- karma-jembm hu mstm3 ‘èŪb mgujb jlpbbb gupĊ jma oab kuhĊ gbhtrm
omtlgm<", jët, oab gmnrakĊ3 ‘MŜtb aguftuf jarm Ūb-ab glrb sĊ dbm jlpbbb tĊb, jëhg vlr db oarb<"
Zjrbm Clsmpe Jebftlh Ymarjm3 ‘Jmma jm suhtmo

jm suhtmo èf
èf èhvaŪĊ oab ouft pm jlpbf gmjët jmma jm-b spuhmo,
trmkubm sĊ dbo aŜa
aŜagar trmkubm sĊ dbo aŜa juo hm-ao glrb sĊ gmvbhĊ jlpbbb hlŜtrb". ]hmlrb, jebar gajĊ
vufhmrakbfbtatma pm jarm l prmsupuhm jrmŜtmrma jlpbbflr mstm èhdrbjlŜĊtlarm, hu hm putmo pmrobtm sĊ
hm apĊrĊo gm ma prbhtr-l ‘arourĊ", sau sĊ hm-l rmprboĊo ‗ mstm jmf oab dmrtbf tmrmh pm jarm plt
jrmŜtm èhvĊŪarma Ŝb juftbvarma fmnĊturbflr prlduhgm, a bukbrbb Ŝb a smhtbomhtufub jĊ vbaŪa arm uh rlst.
Tufhmrakbfbtatma stĊ èh jmhtruf bstlrbmb daobfbafm. Ma gmdbhmŜtm jmfm oab boplrtahtm olomhtm gm kujurbm, tmaoĊ,
sudmrbhŪĊ,
sudmrbhŪĊ, ruŜbhm, gmzaoĊnbrm,
gmzaoĊnbrm, bukbrm, apartmhmhŪĊ, rmjuhlŜtbhŪĊ,
rmjuhlŜtbhŪĊ, jrmatbvbtatm
jrmatbvbtatm Ŝb ubobrm
ubobrm jltbgbahĊ,
jltbgbahĊ, pm jarm fm trĊbo.
Bhgbdmrmht gajĊ hm
;:5
Ūbhmo jlpbbb èh kraŪm lrb fm stĊo afĊturb, gajĊ dunbo gupĊ mb prbh jasĊ lrb fm vlrkbo gm gbhjlfl gm
uŜa èhjubatĊ, vufhmrakbfbtatma olgmfmazĊ jbhm suhtmo Ŝb jbhm suht jlpbbb hlŜtrb.
GajĊ hm rmprboĊo vufhmrakbfbtatma, trahsdlroĊo jrmŜtmrma jlpbbflr èhtr-l jlopmtbŪbm èh jarm vrmo sĊ Ŝtbo jët oab ouft,
sĊ gmolhstrĊo, sĊ apfbjĊo Ŝb sĊ oĊsurĊo, èh flj sĊ dbo. GajĊ
dbo. GajĊ rmhuhŪĊo sĊ hm oab èhtrmkĊo3 ‘Jbhm m oab kuh<" Ŝb gĊo
ubtĊrbb
ubtĊrbb hmhuoĊratmf
hmhuoĊratmfmm jrbtmrbb
jrbtmrbb afm pmrdlroahŪmb
pmrdlroahŪmb ‗ rmzuftatmfm
rmzuftatmfm gm fa jlhjursurbfm
jlhjursurbfm gm agobtmrm,
agobtmrm, hltmfm, pmrdlroahŪmfm
pmrdlroahŪmfm
splrtbvm, trldmmfm Ŝb rmafbzĊrbfm gm tlt dmfuf ‗, jrmg jĊ oaclrbtatma gbhtrm hlb ar db gm ajlrg jĊ jmma jm vrmo pmhtru jlplb
hlŜtrb mstm jmma jm hm glrbo pmhtru hlb èhŜbhm3 vrmo sĊ jrmŜtmo jlpbb jarm sĊ trĊbasjĊ Ŝb sĊ bukmasjĊ gbh pfbh.
GajĊ lkbmjtbvuf hlstru mstm ja mb sĊ trĊbasjĊ gbh pfbh, atuhjb, oab ouft ja lrbjm, ar trmkub sĊ hm
dlrŪĊo sĊ jrmŜtmo jlpbb jarm3
• ZĊ abk
abk Ċ smh
smh tbo
tbomh
mhtu
tuff prl
prlpp rbm
rbmbb vaf
vafll rb,
rb, èh tlt
tlt jmm
jm maa jm
jm daj
da j..
• ZĊ-Ŝb ajjmptm vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbfm Ŝb bopmrdmjŪbuhbfm.
bopmrdmjŪbuhbfm.
• ZĊ hutrmasjĊ uh prlduhg smhtbomht gm bukbrm Ŝb jlopasbuhm pmhtru mb èhŜbŜb, gar Ŝb pmhtru jmbfafŪb. jmbfafŪb.
• ZĊ prmŪubasjĊ
prmŪubasjĊ ouhja, pmrsmvmrmhŪa
pmrsmvmrmhŪa Ŝb rmspmjtuf.
• ZĊ abkĊ uh smhtbomht
smhtbomht af autmhtbjbtĊŪbb Ŝb apartmhmhŪmb agëhj èhrĊgĊjbhat èhfĊuhtruf
èhfĊuhtruf flr, hu sĊ fm
jautm èh fujrurb mxtmrblarm.
• ZĊ abkĊ juracuf gm a db bopmrdmjŪb, vufhmrakbfb Ŝb jrmatbvb.
• ZĊ hu sm tmaoĊ gm ruŜbhm lrb jĊ hu suht
suht gmohb gm bukbrm, èh jaz jĊ suht gbdmrbŪb sau
sau gajĊ sm
jlhdruhtĊ ju prlkfmom.
• ZĊ dajĊ daŪĊ fuobb hlastrm omrmu èh sjebokarm ju jurac Ŝb ju uh spbrbt rmzbfbmht.
Jët gmsprm hlb, pĊrbhŪbb, jmma jm hb sm jmrm mstm3
• ZĊ rmjuhlaŜtmo daptuf jĊ hu fm putmo ga ga jlpbbflr hlŜtrb jmma jm hu avmo, aŜa jĊ trmkubm
trmkubm sĊ fm
pmrobt mo sĊ jrma sjĊ, sĊ sm sjebokm Ŝb sĊ èhvmŪm afĊtur b gm hlb.
YA[MHWBHN-]F, MF
YA[MHWBHN-]F, MFM OMHW AF TBMūBB W[ċB WM GB H YF BH ;:2
• ZĊ hm rmjuhlaŜtmo ‘aroura" Ŝb sĊ fm arĊtĊo jlpbbflr hlŜtrb juo ‘sĊ Ŝb-l Ŝb-l gma cls", juo sĊ dbm
vufhmrakbfb, sĊ sm aratm Ŝb sĊ sm fasm vĊzuŪb Ŝb juhlsjuŪb gm jmbfafŪb.
• ZĊ fm arĊtĊo jlpbbflr hlŜtrb jët gm ouft
ouft jlhtmazĊ pmhtru hlb, èhjmrjëhg
èhjmrjëhg sĊ
sĊ hm trĊbo vbaŪa gbh pfbh.
• ZĊ hm jrmŜtmo jlpbbb èh spbrbtuf uhmb
uhmb jufturb a fub ‘mu èhsuob suht gmstuf", Ŝb hu èhtr-uha a
hmoufŪuobrbb gm sbhm.
• ZĊ dbo atmhŪb fa gbstahŪa jrmatĊ gm gmtaŜarma molŪblhafĊ Ŝb Ŝb sĊ puhmo èh prajtbjĊ vaflrbfm pm jarm fm
vrmo trahsobsm jlpbbflr hlŜtrb.
• ZĊ èhgrĊzhbo ju lrbjm
lrbjm prmŪ, platm jebar oab ouft ja lrbjëhg èhabhtm.
èhabhtm.
Ju aftm juvbhtm, gajĊ fm glrbo jlpbbflr hlŜtrb sĊ sm bukmasjĊ Ŝb sĊ sm ajjmptm pm mb èhŜbŜb, sarjbha hlastrĊ mstm sĊ hm bukbo Ŝb
sĊ hm ajjmptĊo pm hlb
pm hlb èhŜbhm.
èhŜbhm. GajĊ vrmo sĊ jrmŜtmo hbŜtm jlpbb juraclŜb, hu putmo sĊ hm jlhstrubo vbaŪa èh curuf drbjbb, af
ruŜbhbb, èhvbhlvĊŪbrbb Ŝb jrbtbjbb gbstrujtbvm. Jlopasbuhma Ŝb fmnĊturbfm prlduhgm ju jmbfafŪb ‗ tljoab ajmfm fujrurb jarm daj
ja vbaŪa sĊ abkĊ uh rlst ‗ hu plt db èhvĊŪatm, gmjët gajĊ suht trĊbtm. Bar daobfbbfm hlastrm hm ldmrĊ jmfm gbhtëb lplrtuhbtĊŪb gm
a trĊb ajmstm fujrurb.
èh ajmst japbtlf, vrmau sĊ èopĊrtĊŜmsj jmma jm ao èhvĊŪat gmsprm smhtbomhtuf prlprbmb vaflrb, gmsprm
rmzbfbmhŪa fa ruŜbhm Ŝb gmsprm vufhmrakbfbtatm, gbh jmrjmtĊrbfm pm jarm fm-ao dĊjut ju prbvbrm fa
parmhtbhn. Ouhja oma a trahsdlroat olguf èh jarm mu Ŝb Ztmvm nëhgbo Ŝb sboŪbo èh prbvbhŪa
parmhtbhn. Ouhja
parmhtbhn -ufub.
-ufub. Hm-a sjebokat jlopfmt prblrbtĊŪbfm, jĊsĊtlrba Ŝb jloplrtaomhtmfm gm zb ju zb.
DbbhgjĊ Ztmvm m pmgbatru, hm pmtrmjmo dlartm ouft tbop gbsjutëhg gmsprm jmrjmtĊrbfm èh glomhbuf
parmhtbhn-ufub Ŝb gbdmrbtmfm olgmfm gm jrmŜtmrm a jlpbbflr. Zjlpuf omu, abjb, hu mstm sĊ tm èhvĊŪ,
jbtbtlrufm, juo sĊ-Ūb jrmŜtb jlpbfuf, jb sĊ-Ūb èopĊrtĊŜmsj jmma jm-ar putma db l hluĊ pmrspmjtbvĊ èh
jazuf prlvljĊrbb gm a jrmŜtm jlpbb jarm sĊ-Ŝb
jarm sĊ-Ŝb trĊbasjĊ vbaŪa gbh pfbh.
;79
Juo sĊ èhŪmfmnmo Ŝb sĊ jlokatmo ruŜbhma
Hbobj hu m oab d afs, gmjët sĊ jr mzb jĊ, gbh o lomhtuf èh ja rm a b uh jlpbf, tu a b acu hs fa japĊt gm gr uo, è h tbop jm jĊfĊt lrba
fub gm-akba èhjmpm. Ymhtru oufŪb gbhtrm hlb, jma oab bhtmrmsahtĊ Ŝb oab prlgujtbvĊ pmrblagĊ a vbmŪbb èhjmpm tljoab atuhjb
jëhg avmo jlpbb. Ymhtru oaclrbtatma, jmfm oab oarb prlvljĊrb Ŝb gbdbjuftĊŪb apar, gm asmomhma, fa cuoĊtatma vbmŪbb Ŝb oab
tërzbu. JrmŜtmrma jlpbbflr gbh pmrspmjtbva uhmb vbmŪb trĊbtm gbh pfbh hu èhsmaohĊ jĊ Ŝtbb tlt gmsprm jmma jm èhsmaohĊ sĊ dbb
pĊrbht m Ŝb trahsob Ūb jmma jm Ŝtbb ‗ èh smaohĊ sĊ èhvmŪb Ŝb sĊ mxpflr mzb fujru rb hlb, afĊtur b gm jlpbbb tĊb. Řb, jrmgm -oĊ, suht
olomhtm èh jarm jlpbbb omb suht ju ouft èhabhtma oma èh ajmastĊ jĊfĊtlrbm Ŝb dbm aŜtmaptĊ sĊ-b acuhn gbh uroĊ, dbm sm èhtlrj
gupĊ obhm Ŝb oĊ tran gupĊ mb.
AŜa juo ao omhŪblhat èh bhtrlgujmrm, gajĊ ar db sĊ-b èopart pm jmb pm jarm b-ao bhtmrvbmvat èh gluĊ nrupurb ‗ jmb jarm au
prlduh gm sm htbomht gm a partmh mhŪĊ Ŝb gm a db bukbŪb Ŝb jm b ja rm sm strĊgub msj sĊ fm lkŪbhĊ ‗ mxb stĊ l sbhnurĊ varba kbfĊ j arm-b
gbdmrmhŪbazĊ3 jmb jarm sm sbot bukbŪb, bukmsj Ŝb au uh smhtbomht gm apartmhmhŪĊ jlhsbgmrĊ, pur Ŝb sbopfu, jĊ suht gmohb gm
gmohb gm a
db bukbŪb Ŝb ajjmptaŪb gm jĊtrm jmbfafŪb. Gm ouftm lrb, spuh jĊ a trĊb gbh pfbh m ja Ztmaua Hlrgufub3 h-l atbhnmo hbjblgatĊ, gar
Ŝtbo sbnur, gupĊ ma, gajĊ hm èhgrmptĊo sau hu èh gbrmjŪba jlrmjtĊ. Ymhtru a jrmŜtm jlpbb jarm sĊ jrmagĊ èh vaflarma flr, m
hmvlbm sĊ fm arĊtĊo juo Ŝb hlb, fa rëhguf hlstru, hm strĊgubo sĊ jrmgmo èh hlb èhŜbhm.
Jmf oab boplrtaht fujru pm jarm trmkubm sĊ-f Ŝtbo gmsprm smhtbomhtuf prlprbmb vaflrb mstm jĊ hu gmpbhgm gm hbjb uh dmf gm
jlhgbŪbb jarm trmkubm èhgmpfbhbtm. Ym gm aftĊ partm, oufŪb laomhb au l fbstĊ fuhnĊ gm asmomhma jlhgbŪbb ‗ jafbdbjatbvm pm
jarm fm-ao olŜtmhbt, fm-ao glkëhgbt sau hm-ao trmzbt ju mfm, gm-a fuhnuf jĊfĊtlrbmb hlastrm, dĊrĊ sĊ hm gĊo smaoa. Gbhtrm
ajmstm jlhgbŪbb prmafakbfm, oaclrbtatma Ūbh gm jatmnlrbbfm rmafbzĊrbflr
YA[MHWBHN-]F, MF
YA[MHWBHN-]F, MFM OMHW AF TBMūBB W[ċB WM GB H YF BH ;71
pmrslh afm, afm a jebzbŪ bbflr Ŝ b afm uhlr d lrom gm rmj uhlaŜtm rm m xtmrbla rĊ. M prlkf moa f ub gajĊ
ub gajĊ Ŝb
Ŝb
jëhg (‘Tlb
(‘Tlb avma smhtbomhtuf prlprbmb vaflrb, jëhg..."0 sau3 ‘Tlb avma smhtbomhtuf prlprbmb vaflrb,
gajĊ..."). Ylatm jĊ hu fm-a pus hbomhb pm eërtbm, pëhĊ ajuo, sau jebar h-ao dlst jlhŜtbmhŪb gm
ju3 Tlb avma smhtbomhtuf prlprbmb vaflrb...3
ajmstm jlhgbŪbb, gar ju tlŪbb avmo l fbstĊ jarm èhjmpm ju3 Tlb
• Jëhg vlb sfĊkb
sfĊkb atëtma `bflnraom.
`bflnraom.
• GajĊ vlb dè agobs
agobs fa jutarm ŜjlafĊ.
ŜjlafĊ.
• GajĊ slŪba
slŪba hu oĊ èhŜafĊ.
èhŜafĊ.
• GajĊ hu gbvlrŪĊo.
gbvlrŪĊo.
• GajĊ vlb dbdb prlolvat.
prlolvat.
• Jëhg vlb rĊoëhm
rĊoëhm èhsĊrjbhatĊ.
èhsĊrjbhatĊ.
• Jëhg l sĊ oĊ bhvbtm
bhvbtm èh lraŜ.
lraŜ.
• Jëhg hm vlo juopĊra l jasĊ èh ajmst jartbmr.
• GajĊ hu va adfa hbomhb
hbomhb jm s-a èhtëopfat.
èhtëopfat.
[uŜbhbb èb pfaj ajmst m jlhgbŪbb. Fbsta hla strĊ gm ‘ gajĊ Ŝb jëh g" l bobtĊ fmshm pm jma gm ‘ fujrurb gm
dajut" a spbrbguŜ bflr ruŜbhbb3 Agu-b aobhtm jĊ oaoa mb

jrmgm j-ar trmkub sĊ gma cls `bflnraomfm èh pfus
gm fa sarjbhĊ0 aobhtmŜtm-b jĊ hluf Ŝmdbb rmspmjtĊ
huoab pm jmb jarm au Ŝb oastmratuf0 hu-b ga vlbm
sĊ ubtm jĊ tlŪb prbmtmhbb mb au dlst dĊjuŪb
partmhmrb èh dbroĊ, ahuf trmjut.
Ja pĊrbhŪb, hm acutĊo jlpbbb sĊ-Ŝb gmzvlftm rmzbfbmhŪa fa ruŜbhm Ŝb smhtbomhtuf prlprbmb vaflrb, gajĊ suhtmo atmhŪb fa
jlhgbŪbbfm pm jarm fm trahsobtmo, ju bhtmhŪbm sau dĊrĊ sĊ vrmo. Fm trbobtmo omsacm ‗ èh olg dĊŪbŜ sau asjuhs ‗ gmsprm
jmma jm-b dajm oab gmohb sau oab puŪbh gmohb gm a db bukbŪb< Zau hm jlhjmhtrĊo asupra jloplrtaomhtmflr pm jarm
trmkubm sĊ fm sjebokm, gar fm arĊtĊo jĊ smhtbomhtuf prlprbmb flr vaflrb hu mstm èh clj< Gm ouftm lrb, fm spuh pĊrbhŪbflr jĊ
uhmfm gbhtrm jmfm oab gbstrujtbvm omsacm asjuhsm pm jarm fm trahsobtmo jlpbbflr hlŜtrb èŜb au rĊgĊjbhbfm èh hlromfm
dmombmŜtb Ŝb kĊrkĊtmŜtb pm jarm fm gbsjutao èh japbtlfuf :.
;7;
Fm spuhmo dmtmflr hlastrm, dĊŪbŜ sau pm asjuhs, jĊ l jlhgbŪbm a smhtbomhtufub prlprbmb vaflrb mstm sĊ dbm supfm, grĊnuŪm Ŝb
olgmstm< Fm èhvĊŪĊo pm dmtm sĊ-b rmspmjtm pm kĊbmŪb ja dbbhŪm tahgrm Ŝb bukbtlarm< Fm trahsobtmo kĊbmŪbflr hlŜtrb omsacuf jĊ
aŜtmptĊo gm fa mb sĊ hu-Ŝb mxprbom molŪbbfm, sĊ puhĊ statutuf sljbaf Ŝb kahbb pm prbouf flj, sĊ dbm oab anrmsbvb< èb èhvĊŪĊo sĊ
rmspmjtm dmombfm Ŝb dmtmfm ja pmrslahm bhtmfbnmhtm Ŝb japakbfm, hu sĊ fm jlhsbgmrm hbŜtm lkbmjtm<
YmrdmjŪblhbsouf rmprmzbhtĊ l aftĊ sursĊ gm jlhgbŪbb prmafakbfm afm smhtbomhtufub prlprbmb vaflrb. GupĊ glbsprmzmjm ahb, èh
jarm ao stugbat smhtbomhtuf vaflrbb pmrslhafm, suht jlhvbhsĊ jĊ pmrdmjŪblhbsouf mstm jmva jlhtanbls. GajĊ hm strĊgubo
hmèhjmtat sĊ dbo, sĊ trĊbo Ŝb sĊ arĊtĊo akslfut pmrdmjt, ao putma, fa dmf gm kbhm, sĊ hm èokrĊjĊo jlpbbb èh jĊoaŜa gm dlrŪĊ a
pmrdm jŪbuhbb . [mao bhtmsj jmva jm ao sjrbs èh ja pbtlfuf 73 pmr dmjŪbl hbsouf hu èhsm aohĊ sĊ-Ūb èhvmŪb jlpbbb juo sĊ dajĊ
mdlrturb sĊ lkŪbhĊ mxjmfmhŪa sau sĊ dbm jmfm oab kuhm vmrsbuhb afm flr èhŜbfm. YmrdmjŪblhbsouf èhsmaohĊ sĊ-b èhvmŪb sĊ puhĊ
prmŪ p m jmm a jm jrmg jmbfaf Ūb gm sprm d mfuf j uo nëh gmsj m b sau jm sbot . èhsm aohĊ sĊ-b è hvmŪb jĊ trm kubm sĊ satb sdajĊ omrmu
aŜtmptĊrbfm jmflrfafŪb, sĊ fm dajĊ pm pfaj Ŝb sĊ gmolhstrmzm jĊ omrbtĊ aprmjbmrma flr. Gbh pĊjatm, ao fa gbsplzbŪbm l oufŪbom
gm mxmopfm gbh vbaŪa oma.
Gm mxmopfu, jëhg a èhtërzbat pmhtru prboa gatĊ fa ŜjlafĊ, Mffmh a bzkujhbt èh pfëhs. A dlst atët gm supĊratĊ jĊ èhjĊfjasm
rmnufbfm Ŝb l supĊrasm pm èhvĊŪĊtlarma mb ‗ sau pm gbrmjtlr! Mu Ŝb Ztmvm b-ao spus jĊ hu mra gmflj boplrtaht Ŝb jĊ lrbjbhm
oab èhtërzbm uhmlrb, aŜa jĊ, pëhĊ fa uroĊ, s-a oab fbhbŜtbt. èh smara ajmma, ao sĊrkĊtlrbt prbhtr-l objĊ ‘pmtrmjmrm a
èhtërzbaŪbflr", gupĊ jbhĊ, daptuf jĊ supravbmŪubsmrĊo jmfmb gbhtëb èhtërzbmrb fa ŜjlafĊ. Mffmh a ajjmptat, èhtr-uh dbhaf, jĊ hu
mra jebar aŜa nrav Ŝb jĊ, prlkakbf, jmbfafŪb h-l jlhgaohau pmhtru nrmŜmafa lomhmasjĊ dĊjutĊ.
YA[MHWBHN-]F, MF
YA[MHWBHN-]F, MFM OMHW AF TBMū BB W[ċBWM GB H YF BH ;7:
Yatru zbfm oab tërzbu, guobhbjĊ gm gbobhmaŪĊ, tlŪb ao èhtërzbat fa sfucka gm fa kbsmrbjĊ, Ŝb obm-ob
vmhma sĊ pfëhn gm supĊrarm3
‗ Gm jm hu putmo s Ċ acu hnmo Ŝ b hlb, oĊjar l gatĊ , fa tbop<
Mffmh s-a ubtat fa obhm Ŝb o-a èhtrmkat ju smrblzbtatm3

‗ Wata Ŝb Jearfbm lr sĊ dbm nata è htr-uh obhut. Ybmrgm o jmva boplrta ht<
DĊrĊ sĊ mzbt, b-ao spus3

‗ Hu! Glar jĊ hu suplrt s-acuh nmo j u èhtë rzbmrm Ŝb sĊ hm dur bŜĊo p rbhtrm strahm . Zfuc ka èhj mpm f a 2 d bx, hu fa 2 Ŝb =.
Mffmh a dĊjut l dbnurĊ obratĊ èh prbouf olomht, aplb, zëokbhg, ob-a spus3
‗ Fa sĊ, o aoĊ, jĊ h u-b a Ŝa gm nrav. WlatĊ fuoma oab è htërzb m uh mlrb. A b ubt at< L sĊ gĊo l pmtrmj mrm a èht ërzba Ūbflr pmhtru
tbhm, jëhg hm èhtlarjmo ajasĊ.
JëtmlgatĊ, jlhgbŪbbfm prmafakbfm afm smhtbomhtufub vaflrbb pmrslhafm Ŝb pmrdmjŪblhbsouf sm trahsobt èh olgurb dlartm suktbfm.
]huf gbhtrm jmfm oab kuhm sdaturb gmsprm jrmŜtmrma jlpbbflr f-ao prbobt gm fa sjrbbtlarma Wlhb Olrrbslh. Mrao èh fuha oab a
ahufub ;999 Ŝb hm aprlpbao gm prboa ahbvmrsarm a fub Mffmh. Glaoha Olrrbslh sm adfa èh mobsbuhm fa Lprae*, gbsjutëhg
gmsprm jartma mb, Jmf
mb, Jmf oab afkastru ljeb. Lprae a spus3 ‘Wlhb a sjrbs jmva dlartm druols, gmsprm omsacmfm pm jarm fm prbobo
èh fmnĊturĊ ju jbhm suhtmo, atuhjb jëhg uh jlpbf bhtrĊ prboa gatĊ bhtr-l èhjĊpmrm". Ym uroĊ, b-a jmrut bhvbtatmb sĊ vlrkmasjĊ
gmsprm ajmst fujru.
Wlhb Olrrbslh a mxpfbjat jĊ mstm bhtmrmsaht sĊ uroĊrmŜtb jm sm èhtëopfĊ, atuhjb jëhg uh jlpbf bhtrĊ
èh jaomrĊ. Lprae a èhtrmkat-l3 ‘Jebpuf tĊu sm fuobhmazĊ gm dmrbjbrm, hu-b aŜa<" Wlhb Olrrbslh a
jlhtbhuat3 ‘Gm dapt, jëhg bhtrau èh jaomrĊ jlpbbb
* Lprae ^bhdrmy (h. 12=7), vmgmtĊ gm tmfmvbzbuhm, nazgĊ a uhub jmfmkru taf`selw. (h. trag.)
omb ‗ mrau dlartm objb ‗, oĊ ubtao fa mb, ja sĊ vmrbdbj gajĊ avmau jurmaua fmnatĊ fa pahtaflhb,
gajĊ mrau pbmptĊhaŪb, gajĊ hu fm fbpsma vrml ŜlsmtĊ... Ab jrmgm jĊ sbot admjŪbuhma Ŝb bukbrma
prlduh gĊ pm jarm fm-l p lrŪb, glar pmhtru fm pl rŪb gm nrbcĊ. Hu-b aŜa. Jëhg tm prbvms j, m b vĊg jĊ ab l
jrbtbjĊ. Ajuo, jm oab m-h hmrmnufĊY "
mxprmsbm jrbtbjĊ. Ajuo, hmrmnufĊY " Zdatuf mb mra jët sm platm gm sbopfu, gar ob-a
nëhgb3 DĊ èh aŜa dmf, ja pm jebpuf tĊu sĊ sm jbtmasjĊ mxajt jm ab èh bhboĊ.
sjebokat olguf gm a nëhgb3 DĊ
Jëhg jlpbbb omb bhtrĊ èh jaomrĊ, jebpuf omu fm spuhm jĊ oĊ kujur sĊ-b vĊg. Jm sbopfu mstm, Ŝb
uŜlr gm dĊjut, hu-b aŜa<
OĊ nëhgmsj fa sdatuf ajmsta èh dbmjarm zb ‗ a gmvmhbt l prajtbjĊ pmhtru obhm. Jëhg Mffmh jlklarĊ sjĊrbfm ŪlpĊbhg,
èokrĊjatĊ pmhtru ŜjlafĊ, hu vrmau ja prbouf fujru pm jarm b-f spuh sĊ dbm3 ‘ArahcmazĊ-Ūb pĊruf!", sau3 ‘Yahtldbb Ŝb rljeba hu
sm pltrbvmsj". Trmau ja daŪa oma sĊ-b aratm jët oĊ kujur j-l vĊg Ŝb jĊ suht èoprmuhĊ ju ma. Jëhg Jearfbm bhtrĊ pm uŜa gbh
spatm a jasmb Ŝb m trahspbrat Ŝb ourgar, dbbhgjĊ a afmrnat gupĊ Ŝlpërfm, vrmau ja oab èhtëb sĊ zëokmsj Ŝb pm uroĊ sĊ-b spuh3
‘Hu atbhnm hbobj, pëhĊ hu tm spmfb pm oëbhb". Ja pĊrbhŪb, agmsmlrb jlhsbgmrĊo jĊ ‘oarjĊo puhjtm", gajĊ suhtmo jrbtbjb,
brbtaŪb Ŝb mxaspmraŪb. Hu vrmau sĊ o-arĊt jrbtbjĊ, atuhjb jëhg bhtrĊ jlpbbb èh jaomrĊ, vrmau ja daŪa oma sĊ sm fuobhmzm gm
kujurb m!
Ym fëhnĊ daptuf gm a omhŪbhm prbvbrb atmhtm asupra jlhgbŪbbflr smhtbomhtufub prlprbmb vaflrb Ŝb afm pmrdmjŪblhbsoufub,
putmo sĊ hm acutĊo jlpbbb sĊ-Ŝb omhŪbhĊ Ŝb sĊ-Ŝb juftbvm smhtbom htuf prlprbm b vaflr b Ŝb èh aft olg ‗ uhuf jarm arm
gm parmhtbhn jlhstbtubm
fmnĊturĊ ju gbdmrmhŪa gbhtrm ruŜbhm Ŝb vbhlvĊŪbm. GupĊ juo aratĊ jmrjmtĊrbfm, tmehbjbfm gm parmhtbhn jlhstbtubm jmf oab
boplrtaht prmgbjtlr af prmgbsplzbŪbmb jlpbfufub hlstru jĊtrm ruŜbhm sau vbhlvĊŪbm. Ju aftm juvbhtm, avmo dlartm ouftĊ
bhdfumhŪĊ
bhdfumhŪĊ asupra dmfufub èh jarm jlpbbb
jlpbbb hlŜtrb sm raplrtmazĊ
raplrtmazĊ fa mb èhŜbŜb Ŝb fa gbdbjuftĊŪbfm
gbdbjuftĊŪbfm flr. Řtbo, gmca, jĊ mxbstĊ l
jlrmfaŪbm plzbtbvĊ èhtrm ruŜbhm Ŝb agbjŪbm, gmprmsbm, anrmsbvbtatm, vblfmhŪĊ, tufkurĊrb afbomhtarm Ŝb subjbg,
YA[MHWBHN-]F, MF
YA[MHWBHN-]F, M FMOMHW AF TB MūBB W[ËBWM GB H Y FB H ;7=
Ŝb jĊ vbha sm jlrmfmazĊ bhvmrs ju ajmstm prlkfmom. Grmpt jarm, ar db gm glrbt sĊ hm jrmŜtmo jlpbbb èh aŜa dmf, èhjët sĊ dbm oab
èhjfbhaŪb jĊtrm vbhĊ, gmjët sprm ruŜbhm.
Asta èhsmaohĊ jĊ trmkubm sĊ dajmo gbdmrmhŪa èhtrm jlpbbb hlŜtrb Ŝb jloplrtaomhtmfm flr. Z-a jlhstatat jĊ, èhtrm ‘mŜtb rĊu" Ŝb
‘ab dĊjut jmva rĊu", gbdmrmhŪa m dlartm oarm. Hu mstm vlrka gm l sbopfĊ jemstbuhm smoahtbjĊ. [uŜbhma mrlgmazĊ ajma partm
gbh hlb, jarm jrmgm jĊ hm putmo gmsjurja Ŝb vlo db oab kuhb. Atuhjb jëhg èb mtbjemtĊo Ŝb fm prlvljĊo ruŜbhm jlpbbflr
hlŜtrb, èb prbvĊo gm lplrtuhbtatma gm a sm gmzvlfta Ŝb gm a èhjmrja hlb jloplrtaomhtm. GajĊ uh jlpbf spuhm l obhjbuhĊ, mf
ar putma sĊ-Ŝb sjebokm jloplrtaomhtuf. GajĊ m obhjbhls,
m obhjbhls, jm
jm pltmhŪbaf gm sjebokarm va oab avma<
Ja sĊ juftbvĊo asuoarma vbhmb, èh fljuf smhtbomhtufub gm ruŜbhm, m hmjmsar sĊ nëhgbo aftdmf olguf èh jarm hm gbsjbpfbhĊo
jlpbbb Ŝb olguf èh jarm vlrkbo ju mb. Řb oab èhsmaohĊ, gm asmomhma, sĊ fm mxpfbjĊo jlpbbflr hlŜtrb ajmstm jlhjmptm. Jlpbbb
suht dlartm rmjmptbvb fa gbsjuŪba gmsprm ruŜbhm ‗ trmkubm glar sĊ dbo Ŝb hlb gbspuŜb sĊ dajmo asta. Jëhg au gmca patru-jbhjb
ahb, putmo sĊ fm mxpfbjĊo gbdmrmhŪa gbhtrm ruŜbhm Ŝb vbhĊ, Ŝb jët gm ouft èb bukbo, jebar Ŝb atuhjb jët daj afmnmrb nrmŜbtm.
Jëhg Mffmh mra fa nrĊgbhbŪĊ, mgujatlarma mb o-a suhat ajasĊ, èhtr-l gupĊ-oasĊ, Ŝb a zbs3 ‘èhŪmfmn pmrdmjt jm vrmŪb sĊ dajmŪb".
Jëhg ao èhtrmkat-l jm vrlba sĊ spuhĊ, ob-a plvmstbt jĊ, èh uroĊ ju jëtmva zbfm, fa lra gm fujru oahuaf, èb atrĊsmsm atmhŪba
dmtbŪmb3 ‘Mffmh, jm gmzlrglhatĊ plŪb sĊ dbb!" Zm parm jĊ Mffmh sm ubtasm fa ma dlartm smrbls Ŝb-b spusmsm3 ‘Ylatm jĊ pm oasa
oma m gmzlrgbhm, gar mu hu suht gmzlrglhatĊ". (Gbh zbua ajmma, ao gmvmhbt ‘oaoa ju omtlgm spmjbafm gm mgujaŪbm".)
Řb Jearfbm èhŪmfmnm gbstbhjŪba gbhtrm ruŜbhm Ŝb vbhĊ. Jëhg ao nĊsbt-l pm jĊŪmfuŜa hlastrĊ, èhtr-l kuhĊ zb, sjlrolhbhg gupĊ
oëhjarm èhtr-uh tlokmrlh, ao jmrtat-l, spuhëhg3 ‘DmtbŪĊ rma
;74
jm mŜtb!" O-ao trmzbt ju Jearfbm fëhnĊ obhm, dlartm anbtat, jarm b-a fuat apĊrarma3 ‘Gabsy m l dmtbŪĊ kuhĊ, jarm a dĊjut uh
fujru rĊu! Gar l bukbo dlartm ouft, jebar Ŝb aŜa! Atëta glar, jĊ hu hm pfajm jëhg dajm fujrurb rmfm!" Jëhg ao èhjmrjat sĊ-b
mxpfbj jĊ Gabsy m glar uh jĊŪmf, rĊspuhsuf fub a dlst3 ‘Kbhm, ao èhŪmfms. Gabsy mstm l jĊŪmfuŜĊ kuhĊ, jarm a dĊjut uh fujru
rĊu."
[uŜbhma mstm dlartm gurmrlasĊ pmhtru jlpbb, pmhtru jĊ bhmxtrbjakbf fmnatĊ gm tmaoa jĊ hu omrbtĊ sĊ dbm bukbŪb. èh jazuf
jlpbbflr objb, jarm gmpbhg èhjĊ gm pĊrbhŪb pmhtru a supravbmŪub ‗ au hmvlbm gm erahĊ, agĊplst Ŝb sbnurahŪĊ ‗ fbpsa bukbrbb
mstm l aomhbhŪarm fa agrmsa supravbmŪubrbb, l trauoĊ. Zuht jlhvbhsĊ jĊ oufŪb gbhtrm hlb rmnrmsmazĊ fa uh smhtbomht gm
hmacutlrarm bhdahtbfĊ, atuhjb jëhg suht jlpfmŜbŪb gm ruŜbhm, gbh jauzĊ jĊ, èh jrmbmruf hlstru, prbomfm mxpmrbmhŪm afm ruŜbhbb
suht èhtbpĊrbtm ja hbŜtm trauom, bar èh prmzmhŪa ahuobtlr dajtlrb gmjfahŜatlrb, hm èhtlarjmo ju nëhguf èh fljuf Ŝb olomhtuf
èh jarm ajmstma au avut flj. èhjĊ hu s-au èhtrmprbhs jmrjmtĊrb hmurlkblflnbjm, jarm sĊ jlhdbrom ajmastĊ bpltmzĊ, gar ao
mvafuat sutm gm bhtmrvburb jarm uromazĊ ajmfaŜb tbpar3 ‘Hu Ŝtbu jm s-a èhtëopfat. Řmduf omu o-a dĊjut bgblt èh daŪa jlfmnbflr
Ŝb h-ao avut hbjb l rmajŪbm. Gbhtr- lgatĊ, parjĊ mrao barĊŜb èh jfasa a glua, èh daŪa glaohmb Ylrtmr, èhvĊŪĊtlarma oma, jëhg
oĊ jmrta Ŝb l asjuftao dĊrĊ sĊ sjlt l vlrkĊ. H-ao hbjb l mxpfbjaŪbm pmhtru jm ob s-a èhtëopfat."
Zau3 ‘Dbuf omu a dlst mfbobhat pmhtru a glua larĊ, Ŝb ob-ao pbmrgut juopĊtuf. èhtltgmauha ob- ao spus jĊ h-l sĊ fm daj
Ŝb mu jlpbbflr omb jm ob-a dĊjut obm tatĊf omu, gar, èh olomhtuf ajmfa, zkbmrao fa jlpbf èh daŪa jlfmnbflr fub gm mjebpĊ.
Hu plt sĊ-ob gau sm aoa gm jm s- a èhtë opfat."
GupĊ
GupĊ juojuo sjrb
sjrbao
ao èh japbt
japbtlf
lfuf
uf :, jrmb
jrmbmru
mruff prlj
prljms
msmaz
mazĊĊ rmspb
rmspbhn
hnmrm
mrmaa sljb
sljbaf
afĊĊ sau
sau ruŜb
ruŜbhma
hma èh ajmfa
ajmfaŜb
Ŝb
olg
olg èh jarm jarm prlj
prljms
msmaz
mazĊĊ sudmr
sudmrbh
bhŪa
Ūa dbzbj
dbzbjĊ.
Ċ. YëhĊ
YëhĊ fa uroĊ,
uroĊ, prms
prmsup
upuh
uh,, bplt
bpltmza
mza plpltr
trbv
bvbt
bt jĊrmb
jĊrmbaa jlpb
jlpbbb
bb
èhrmnbstrmazĊ ruŜbhma ja pm l trauoĊ va db glvmgbtĊ
YA[MHWBHN-]F, MFMOMHW AF TBMūBB W[ċBWM GBH YFBH

YA[MHWBHN-]F,
;7>
r]Řbhma trĊbtĊ
ŜtbbhŪbdbj, gar, pëhĊ atuhjb, plt sp uhmdĊrĊ mzbtarm jĊ èh
jlpbfĊrbm hm sjebokĊ pmrslhafbtatma, olguf
èh jarm
jar m hm raplrtĊo
raplrt Ċo fa hlb
h lb èhŜbhm
èhŜb hm Ŝb
smhtbomhtuf prlprbmb vaflrb.
Jeba
Jebarr gajĊ
gajĊ hm strĊ strĊgu
gubo
bo sĊ hu hm dlfl dlflsb
sbo
o gm ruŜb ruŜbhm
hm èh jrmŜt
jrmŜtmrm
mrmaa jlpb
jlpbbf
bflr
lr hl
hlŜt
Ŝtrb,
rb, mb tlt tlt vlvlrr èhdr
èhdruh uhta
ta
ruŜb
ruŜbhm
hmaa èh adaradaraa daobf
daobfbm
bmb.
b. Tmstm
mstmaa ku
kuhĊ
hĊ mstmmstm jĊ,
jĊ, atuhj
atuhjbb jëhg
jëhg jlpbb
jlpbbbb èhŪm
èhŪmfmn
fmn jarm
jarm m gbdm gbdmrmh
rmhŪa
Ūa gbht gbhtrm
rm
ruŜb
ruŜbhm
hm Ŝb vbhĊvbhĊ Ŝb Ŝtbu Ŝtbu jĊ suhtsuhtmo
mo bhtm
bhtmrm
rmsaŪ
saŪbb Ŝb gbsp
gbspuŜ
uŜbb sĊ gbsj
gbsjut
utĊo
Ċo gmspr
gmsprmm ajmst
ajmstmm trĊb
trĊbrb
rb Ŝb mxpmr
mxpmrbm bmhŪ
hŪm,
m,
mstm
mstm ouft
ouft oaboab p rl rl kak
kakbf
bf sĊ h m v lrk lrkma
m asj
sjĊĊ g msp
msprmrm ruŜb
ruŜbhh ma
ma p m jjaarmrm fm-a
fm-a p rl
rl vl
vl jat
jat-l
-l u h p rl rl dms
dmsll r,r, u h
ahtr
ahtrmh
mhlr
lr,, uh prml
prmlt,
t, l gĊgaj
gĊgajĊ,Ċ, uh ku kuhb
hbjj ‗ lrbj lrbjmm aguf
aguftt jarm
jarm arm l bhdf bhdfum
umhŪ
hŪĊĊ larmja
larmjarmrm asup
asuprara flr.
flr. Ajmst
Ajmst
fujru
fujru m dlart
dlartmm bopl
boplrtrtah
aht,
t, dbbh
dbbhgjĊ
gjĊ avmo
avmo,, astdastdmf,
mf, ljaz
ljazba
ba sĊ ‘gmju
‘gmjupĊ
pĊo"
o" ruŜb
ruŜbhm
hmaa gbh
gbh obht
obhtma
ma flr,
flr, aŜa
aŜa juo juo
dajmo jëhg rmtuŜĊo l dltlnradbm gbnbtafĊ.
Gm ouftm lrb, dlflsmsj omtadlra afkuoufub ju dltlnradbb, ja sĊ mxpfbj bopajtuf pm jarm-f arm ruŜbhma asupra jlpbbflr. Ja
pĊrbhŪb , lga tĊ jm adfĊo oab ou ftm gm sprm ruŜbhm , hm gĊo sm aoa j Ċ Ŝb hlb fm -ao pr lvlja t ruŜb hm jlp bbflr hlŜtrb. A Ŝa jm va b
sm èhtëopfĊ lrbjub. Jebar Ŝb jmrjmtĊtlrbflr jarm stugbazĊ ruŜbhma! ūbhëhg jlht Ŝb gm nravbtatma jlhsmjbhŪmflr ruŜbhbb,
èhjmpmo, gm asmomhma, sĊ hm èhnrbclrĊo gm daptuf jĊ olomhtmfm èh jarm jlpbb hlŜtrb vlr sboŪb ruŜbhm èh adara daobfbmb
adara daobfbmb èb
vlr oarja prlduhg, èh jbuga mdlrturbflr hlastrm gm a-b prltmca gm ajmst smhtbomht èh sëhuf daobfbmb. Bar asta ju sbnurahŪĊ sm
va èhtëopfa ‗ plrmjfmfm, cbnhbrbfm Ŝb katcljura suht dmhlomhm tlt oab gms èhtëfhbtm, èh juftura jruzbobb, èh jarm trĊbo.
Tmstma kuhĊ m jĊ gmpbhgm gm hlb, tltuŜb, jët gm oarm mstm bhdfumhŪa pm jarm ajmstm mxpmrbmhŪm l au asupra jlpbbflr hlŜtrb.
Jmb oab oufŪb gbhtrm hlb èŜb aobhtmsj uhmfm sbtuaŪbb gbh jlpbfĊrbm, èh jarm au sboŪbt ruŜbhm, olomhtm jarm hm-au bhdfumhŪat
prlduh g vbaŪa . èhsĊ jmf oa b prl kakbf mstm j Ċ hb fm aob htbo gbh jauzĊ jĊ hu ao vlr kbt gm sprm ajmfm sbtuaŪ bb ju pĊrbhŪ b jarm sĊ
dbm gbspuŜb sĊ gbsjutm gmsjebs gmsprm ruŜbhm Ŝb gmgbjaŪb èh a hm
;75
acuta sĊ hm juftbvĊo rmzbfbmhŪa fa ruŜbhm. Hu-b èhvbhlvĊŪmsj pm pĊrbhŪbb omb jĊ h-au dĊjut asta, juo h-l cugmj pm kuhbja
oma jĊ-ob gĊgma vlbm sĊ stau pm fljuf gbh daŪĊ, jëhg mra fa vlfah. Hu avmau ajjms fa bhdlroaŪbbf
bhdlroaŪbbfmm pm jarm fm avmo èh
prmzm ht.
Avëhg juhlŜtbhŪmfm pm jarm fm ao astĊzb, oĊ raplrtmz fa ruŜbhm Ŝb fa smhtbomhtuf prlprbmb vaflrb èh dmfuf uroĊtlr3 nëhgmŜtm-
tm jĊ vbaŪa ta mstm ja uh afkuo gm dltlnradbb. Gaj-ab gmsjebgm uh afkuo dltl pfbh gm boanbhb ;9 x ;= jo afm uhlr
mvmhbomhtm ruŜbhlasm, ab èhjebgm ajmf afkuo Ŝb Ūb-ab spuhm3 AjmastĊ vbaŪĊ m gmdbhbtĊ gm ruŜbhm. GajĊ, pm gm aftĊ partm,
gmsjebzb uh afkuo Ŝb vmzb jëtmva dltlnradbb obhusjufm afm uhlr mvmhbomhtm ruŜbhlasm, jarm suht èhjlhcuratm gm boanbhb
jarm trbobt fa smhtbomhtuf prlprbmb vaflrb, fa spmrahŪĊ, eltĊrërm, jurac, rmzbfbmhŪĊ, mŜmj, sujjms Ŝb vufhmrakbfbtatm, atuhjb
mxpmrbmhŪmfm ruŜbhlasm suht glar l pĊrtbjbjĊ gbh boanbhma gm ahsaokfu a vbmŪbb jubva. Mfm hu gmdbhmsj èhtrmnuf afkuo.
Gbh hlu, hu hm putmo bouhbza jlpbbb èh daŪa ruŜbhbb. Zarjbha hlastrĊ, èh sjebok, mstm sĊ-b èhvĊŪĊo Ŝb sĊ fm ldmrbo uh olgmf
gm rmzbfbmhŪĊ èh daŪa ruŜbhbb, bar prbouf fujru pm jarm-f putmo dajm mstm sĊ gbsjutĊo ju mb gmsprm jm èhsmaohĊ ruŜbhma Ŝb
juo aparm ma èh vbmŪbfm laomhbflr. AgufŪbb pm jarm b- ao bhtmrvbmvat, ab jĊrlr pĊrbhŪb au dlflsbt ruŜbhma ja prbhjbpaf
bhstruomht gm
gm parmhtbhn, avmau
parmhtbhn, avmau oab ouftm gbdbjuftĊŪb èh a jrmgm èh prlprba vaflarm, daŪĊ gm jmb jarm au sboŪbt ruŜbhma
ljazblhaf Ŝb au putut sĊ gbsjutm gmsprm asta ju pĊrbhŪbb flr.
GajĊ ab jlpbb gmca oarb Ŝb tm èhtrmkb gajĊ hu m prma tërzbu sĊ-b èhvmŪb rmzbfbmhŪa fa ruŜbhm sau sĊ
sjebokm ‘afkuouf", rĊspuhsuf mstm jĊ hu m prma tërzbu. Atuhjb jëhg hm asuoĊo plvmstma vbmŪbb
hlastrm, jebar Ŝb jëhg mstm pfbhĊ gm mvmhbomhtm gbdbjbfm, hm jëŜtbnĊo grmptuf gm a-b sjrbm sbhnurb
jlhtbhuarma.
èh uroĊ ju jëŪbva ahb, ao prbobt l sjrbslarm gm fa l dmombm jarm-ob spuhma3
YA[MHW1HN-]F , MFMOMHW AF TBMūBB W[ċBWM GBH YFBH ;72

YA[MHW1HN-]F
JmrjmtĊrbfm guohmavlastrĊ ob-au sjebokat vbaŪa èhtr-uh olg dlartm jbugat. Oaoa a asbstat fa prmfmnmrma
guohmavlastrĊ gm fa kbsmrbja gbh Aoarbffl. GupĊ ajmma, ob-a sjrbs l fuhnĊ sjrbslarm, èh jarm-ob spuhma3 ‘Hu ob-
a trmjut hbjblgatĊ prbh obhtm j-ar mxbsta vrml gbdmrmhŪĊ èhtrm vbhĊ Ŝb ruŜbhm. WlatĊ vbaŪa, jrmg jĊ Ūb-ao prlvljat
smhtbomhtm gm ruŜbhm. Gm dapt, bhtmhŪba oma mra sĊ tm daj sĊ sboŪb vbhĊ, hu ruŜbhm. HbjblgatĊ h-ao jrmzut jĊ hu
mŜtb sudbjbmht gm kuhĊ. Hu ob-au pfĊjut afmnmrbfm pm jarm fm-ab dĊjut. Řtbu jĊ pmhtru asta tm-ao dĊjut sĊ sbpbŪb
ruŜbhm. Hu plt sĊ Ŝtmrn ju kurmtmfm jm s-a èhtëopfat, gar vrmau sĊ Ŝtbb jĊ mŜtb jmf oab kuh fujru jarm ob s-a
èhtëopfat vrmlgatĊ Ŝb jĊ suht oëhgrĊ jĊ suht oaoa ta." Hu ob-a vmhbt sĊ jrmg. Oaoa arm >= gm ahb, mu ‗ ==.
Juvbhtmfm mb ob-au vbhgmjat ouftm rĊhb sudfmtmŜtb. Řb au gus fa l oarm sjebokarm èh vbaŪa oma, bhjfusbv èh dmfuf èh
jarm oĊ raplrtmz fa jlpbbb omb.
Ym fëhnĊ daptuf jĊ hm putmo acuta jlpbbb sĊ èhŪmfmanĊ jm m ruŜbhma Ŝb sĊ fm prlvljĊo smhtbomhtm gm

vbhĊ, atuhjb jëhg m jazuf, èh flj gm ruŜbhm, trmkubm sĊ dbo atmhŪb, gm asmomhma, sĊ hu sm
‘olfbpsmasjĊ" gm fa ruŜbhma hlastrĊ. Jebar gajĊ mvbtĊo sĊ fm prlvljĊo l asmomhma rmajŪbm,
ruŜbhma èŜb platm dajm aparbŪba èh vbmŪbfm hlastrm èh aŜa dmf, èhjët platm sĊ hm admjtmzm prlduhg
daobfba. èh msmhŪĊ, hu putmo sĊ jrmŜtmo jlpbb jarm sĊ dbm oab rmzbfbmhŪb fa ruŜbhm, gmjët suhtmo hlb
èhŜbhm. Ylt s-l èhjuracmz pm Mffmh sĊ dbm oufŪuobtĊ gm jlrpuf mb, gar jmma jm jlhtmazĊ, ju agmvĊrat,
suht lksmrvaŪbbfm pm jarm ma èhsĊŜb fm dajm, ju prbvbrm fa dmfuf èh jarm oĊ raplrtmz mu èhsĊob fa dmfuf
arĊt. Gbh pĊjatm. Ylt
juo arĊt. Gbh pĊjatm. Ylt sĊ-b mxpfbj fub Jearfbm jĊ hu trmkubm sĊ-Ŝb dajĊ nrbcb gajĊ afmarnĊ èh
gbrmjŪba nrmŜbtĊ, gm fa l kazĊ fa afta, aobhtbhgu-b jĊ hu trmkubm sĊ Ŝtbm tlatm gmtafbbfm cljufub gm
kasmkaff, èhabhtma prbomb partbgm gm W-kaff*.
kasmkaff, èhabhtma gm W-kaff*. Oab
Oab boplrtaht mstm jmma jm
* TarbahtĊ
arbahtĊ sbopfbdb
sbopfbdbjatĊ
jatĊ a cljufub
cljufub gm kasmkaff, èh jarm obhnma mstm aŜmzatĊ pm uh suplrt,
suplrt, hu aruhjatĊ.
aruhjatĊ. A dlst jlhjmput
jlhjmput
pmhtru jlpbbb èhtrm 7 Ŝb 5 ahb, ja prmnĊtbrm pmhtru kasmkaff. (tb. trag.)
;=9
vmgm mf fa obhm Ŝb fa Ztmvm3 juo hm jloplrtĊo, jëhg èhvĊŪĊo fujrurb hlb, jëhg dajmo nrmŜmfb Ŝb
BarĊŜb, gbh pĊjatm.
gajĊ Ŝtbo sĊ suplrtĊo uh mŜmj, dĊrĊ sĊ gmvmhbo autljrbtbjb. BarĊŜb, gbh
èh sdërŜbt, trmkubm spus jĊ uha gbhtrm jmfm oab boplrtahtm stratmnbb Ūbhëhg gm rmzbfbmhŪa fa ruŜbhm, pm jarm l putmo ldmrb
pm jmva hlroaf. AŜa juo ao mxpfbjat èh uftbouf japbtlf, hlroafbzarm
jlpbbflr hlŜtrb mstm aklrgarma uhmb gbdbjuftĊŪb ja pm jmva
èhsmaohĊ sĊ-b acutĊo pm jlpbbb hlŜtrb sĊ èhŪmfmanĊ jĊ hu suht sbhnurb Ŝb jĊ hm-ao jlhdruhtat Ŝb hlb, gm ouftm lrb, ju
ajmfmaŜb gbdbjuftĊŪb. Ajmst fujru sm
apfbjĊ sbtuaŪbbflr sljbafm, sjebokĊrbflr jlrplrafm prbh jarm mb trmj, mxpmrbmhŪmflr ruŜbhbb,
smhtbomhtufub jĊ suht mxjfuŜb Ŝb glrbhŪmb gm a db juraclŜb, gmpĊŜbhgu-Ŝb tmaoa. Zm pmtrmjm uh fujru
hmspus gm prmŪbls èhtrm pĊrbhtm Ŝb jlpbf, atuhjb jëhg pĊrbhtmfm èb spuhm jlpbfufub sĊu3 ‘Řb obm ob s-a
èhtëopfat asta", sau èb bstlrbsmŜtm l èhtëopfarm avëhg fmnĊturĊ ju gbdbjuftatma ju jarm ajmsta sm
jlhdruhtĊ.
AtmhŪbm fa bhtmrvaf3 sĊ hm acutĊo jlpbbb

èhsmaohĊ sĊ hm acutĊo èhtrm hlb, pĊrbhŪbb
Jrmg jĊ mstm boplrtaht, èh ajmst olomht, sĊ daj l parahtmzĊ, pmhtru a arĊta èh jm dmf gmzkatmrbfm
purtat m èh c uruf ‘ vaflrbf lr" parmhtbhn
lr" parmhtbhn -ufub
-ufub au jlhsmjbhŪĊ smhtbomhtuf ruŜbhbb. Asjuftëhg asmomhma
jlhvmrsaŪbb, jbtbhg jĊrŪb sau plstĊrb gm pm kflnurb, èh fmnĊturĊ ju prlkfmom jlhtrlvmrsatm afm
jrmŜtmrbb jlpbbflr ‗ jbrjuojbzba, vajjbhĊrbfm, glrobtuf ju mb, afbomhtaŪba sau juo Ŝb uhgm ar trmkub
sĊ hasjĊ oaomfm ‗, vmb sboŪb ruŜbhm sau vmb sudmrb. Ymrslahmfm bopfbjatm èh gmzkatmrb, oaclrbtatma
oaom, aglptĊ mxajt ajmfm jloplrtaomhtm gmsprm jarm oab sus sjrbao jĊ prlvlajĊ ruŜbhma3
mtbjemtarma, cbnhbrma Ŝb bhtbobgarma.
hu plŪb
BatĊ fa jm jlhjfuzb m ao acuhs, fmnat gm ajmstm jloplrtaomhtm3
prmtbhgm jĊ-Ūb pasĊ gm kbhmfm jlpbbflr,

uroĊrbhg sĊ fm prlvljb ruŜbhm aftlr pĊrbhŪb
pmhtru afmnmrbfm pm jarm fm-au dĊjut.
YA[MHWBHN-]] MFMOMHW
YA[MHWBHN-]] MFMOMHW AF TBMūBB W[ċBWM GBH YFBH ;=1
Ajmstm jloplrtaomhtm suht rmjbprlj bhjlopatbkbfm Ŝb jrmmazĊ l gbstahŪĊ urbaŜĊ èhtrm vaflrb ‗ èhtrm vaflrbfm adbŜatm Ŝb jmfm
uroatm ju agmvĊrat. Jmb oab oufŪb gbhtrm hlb (oĊ bhjfug Ŝb pm obhm abjb) avmo lpbhbb jatmnlrbjm èh fmnĊturĊ ju dbmjarm
gbhtrm ajmstm tmom gm gbsjuŪbm, gar, gajĊ hm pasĊ rmafomhtm gm kuhĊstarma nmhmrafĊ a jlpbbflr, sarjbha hlastrĊ mstm sĊ fuĊo
gmjbzbb jarm sĊ jlrmspuhgĊ vaflrbflr hlastrm Ŝb sĊ-b acutĊo pm jmbfafŪb pĊrbhŪb. Zarjbha hlastrĊ, èh mnafĊ oĊsurĊ, mstm sĊ hm
juftbvĊo smhtbomhtuf prlprbmb vaflrb.
Atuhjb jëhg suhtmo oufŪuobŪb gm afmnmrbfm pm jarm fm dajmo Ŝb hm raplrtĊo fa fuom gbh pmrspmjtbva smhtbomhtufub prlprbmb
vaflrb, hu gbh pmrspmjtbva jufturbb hmoufŪuobrbb, hu oab sboŪbo hmvlba sĊ-b cugmjĊo Ŝb sĊ-b atajĊo pm jmbfafŪb.
]Ŝlr dajb uh arnuomht af loufub gm pabm* gbh jmfm adbroatm oab sus, spuhëhg3 ‘Jm hm rmjloahzb, sĊ-b bnhlrĊo pm pĊrbhŪbb
jarm-Ŝb akuzmazĊ jlpbbb<" BatĊ uh fujru ju jarm lrbjbhm trmkubm sĊ dbm gm ajlrg3 daptuf jĊ afŪb pĊrbhŪb daj afmnmrb gbdmrbtm gm
afm hlastrm hu rmprmzbhtĊ, èh sbhm, uh akuz. GajĊ sm pmtrmjm uh akuz rmaf, jemaoĊ plfbŪba! GajĊ hu, atuhjb h-ar trmkub sĊ
juvëhtuf akuz. Ao
dlflsbo juvëhtuf akuz. Ao fujrat uh ah gm zbfm ja prajtbjahtĊ fa Zmrvbjbbfm gm YrltmjŪbm a Jlpbfufub Ŝb, gm ajmma, hu suplrt
prmjuo akuz lrb
gmzkatmrbfm èh jarm sm dlflsmsj gmzbhvlft tmromhb prmjuo akuz lrb hmnfbcarm, pmhtru
hmnfbcarm, pmhtru a-b spmrba sau gmprmjba pm pĊrbhŪbb jarm
daj fujrurb jlhsbgmratm gm hlb nrmŜbtm, gbdmrbtm sau gĊuhĊtlarm.
Gm dapt,
dapt, ao rmhuh
rmhuhŪat
Ūat gm ouftouft sĊ dlfl
dlflsms
smsjj gbel
gbeltl
tlob
obaa pĊrbh
pĊrbhŪb
Ūb ku
kuhb
hb/p
/pĊrb
ĊrbhŪ
hŪbb rĊb",
rĊb", pu
purr Ŝb sbop
sbopfufu,, pmht
pmhtru
ru
jĊ mu èhsĊ
èhsĊob
ob aŜ bhtr
bhtraa dbm
dbm èhtr
èhtr-l
-l jatmnl
jatmnlrb
rbm,
m, dbm
dbm èh jmafa
jmafaft
ftĊ,
Ċ, èh duhj
duhjŪb
Ūbmm gm pmrs
pmrspm
pmjt
jtbv
bvaa gmsp
gmsprm
rm parmhtbhn
a jmfu
jmfubb jarm
jarm oĊ cugm
cugmjĊ.
jĊ. Hu vĊg jm ao avma avma gm jëŜt
jëŜtbn
bnat
at,, sau
sau èh jm dmf dmf ar prln
prlnrm
rmsa
sa gbsju
gbsjuŪb
Ūbbf
bfmm gmsp
gmsprm
rm
parmhtbhn, gajĊ
parmhtbhn, gajĊ ao aglpta olguf ajmsta gm a nëhgb olrafbzatlr. Gm dapt,
* [mprmzmhtarma
[mprmzmhtarma gmdlroatĊ a uhub arnuomht sau a uhmb tmlrbb, aŜa èhjët sĊ dbm oab uŜlr gm jrbtbjat. (h. trag.)
;=;
mf hu platm jlhgujm gmjët fa èhjĊ Ŝb oab ouftĊ ruŜbhm. Ymhtru obhm, prlkfmoa duhgaomhtafĊ, èh prbvbhŪa vaflrbflr parmht-
bh A-ufub, Ūbhm gm bopfbjarm. Zuhtmo sudbjbmht gm atmhŪb fa jm daj jlpbbb hlŜtrb< Zuht afmnmrbfm hlastrm kbhm nëhgbtm< Zuhtmo
gbspuŜb sĊ èhvĊŪĊo fujrurb hlb, jebar ju rbsjuf gm a dajm nrmŜmfb< Zuhtmo jurblŜb Ŝb gbspuŜb sĊ puhmo èhtrmkĊrb<
Ao èhvĊŪat, gbh jmrjmtĊrbfm omfm, jĊ mxbstĊ uh obfblh gm dmfurb èh jarm plŪb db uh pĊrbhtm mxtralrgbhar, bopfbjat, bar uhmfm
gbhtrm ajmstma s-ar putma sĊ bhtrm èh jlhtragbjŪbm ju jmma jm jrmg mu, pmrslhaf, gmsprm jrmŜtmrma jlpbbflr. Gm mxmopfu, Ztmvm
Ŝb mu suhtmo dlartm strbjŪb èh fmnĊturĊ ju jmma jm au vlbm jlpbbb sĊ vagĊ fa tmfmvbzlr ‗ èh spmjbaf jëhg vbhm vlrka gm
vblfmhŪĊ. M uh fujru fa jarm hm nëhgbo, gmsprm jarm vlrkbo èhtrm hlb, Ŝb èhjmrjĊo, pm jët plsbkbf, sĊ aglptĊo jmfm oab kuhm
gmjbzbb. Ym gm aftĊ partm, avmo prbmtmhb jarm-Ŝb fasĊ jlpbbb sĊ vagĊ dbfom Ŝb mobsbuhb WT, fa jarm Mffmh sau Jearfbm h-au vlbm
sĊ sm ubtm. Bhtmrmsaht mstm jĊ Ŝb prbmtmhbb hlŜtrb sm nëhgmsj ouft fa asmomhma fujrurb, gbsjutĊ èhtrm mb Ŝb èhjmarjĊ sĊ ba jmfm
oab kuhm gmjbzbb. GbdmrmhŪa mstm j-au acuhs fa aftm jlhjfuzbb gmjët hlb, bar mu rmspmjt ajmst fujru. Gm jurëhg, ao
gmsjlpmrbt, Ztmvm Ŝb mu, jĊ hlb èhŜbhm putmo db jlhsbgmraŪb pĊrbhŪb prma pmrobsbvb, atuhjb jëhg hbŜtm prbmtmhb dlartm kuhb au
dlst
surp
surprb
rbhh Ŝb
Ŝb sĊ adfmadfm j-l
j-l fĊsĊ
fĊsĊo o p m Mffm Mffmhh sĊ jbtm jbtmas j Ċ dljurbfm
asjĊ dljurbfm dlaomb. Gbh Gbh h lu lu , Ŝb aajjmb
mb p ĊrbĊrbhh ŪbŪb mraumrau
bopf
bopfbja
bjaŪbŪb èh a nĊsbnĊsb jmfm
jmfm oab
oab ku kuhmhm slfu
slfuŪb
Ūbbb pmht
pmhtru
ru jrmŜ
jrmŜtmr
tmrma
ma jlpbjlpbbf
bflr
lr,, bar èh gbsj gbsjuŪ
uŪba
ba pm jarm
jarm ao avut avut-l -l,,
ju tlŪbb
tlŪbb ao oahbdms
oahbdmstat
tat rmspmj
rmspmjtt rmjbprl
rmjbprljj Ŝb mopatb mopatbm.
m. A db atmh atmhtt fa bhtmbhtmrv af mstm
rvaf mstm uh fujru
fujru gbdbjbf
gbdbjbf,, oab oab
afms
afms atuh
atuhjbjb jëhg
jëhg rmspmj
rmspmjtu
tuff pmht
pmhtru ru jmbjmb jarm
jarm èopĊr
èopĊrtĊtĊŜm
Ŝmsj
sj pĊrmr
pĊrmrbb gbdm
gbdmrbt
rbtmm mstm
mstm uh uhaa gbht
gbhtrm
rm vafl
vaflrbrbfm fm tafmtafm
aspb
aspbraŪ
raŪbl
blha
hafm.
fm. Ymhtr
Ymhtruu a rmuŜb
rmuŜb ajms
ajmstt fujru
fujru,, smjrm
smjrmtutuff mstm
mstm sĊ-Ū
sĊ-Ūbb aobh
aobhtmtmŜt
Ŝtbb jĊ,jĊ, atuh
atuhjbjb jëhg
jëhg afŪb
afŪb pĊrb
pĊrbhŪ hŪbb daj
afmn
afmnmr
mrbb g bdm
bdmrb
rbtm
tm g m afm afm h las
lastr
t rm,
m, h u èhsm èhsmaoaohh Ċ jĊ h m jrbt jrbtbj
bjĊĊ olgolg uf
uf èh jjaarm rm h m jrmŜ
jrmŜtm
tmo o jlpjlp bbb bbb.. A
èhgr
èhgrĊzh
Ċzhbb ju lrbj lrbjmm prmŪ
prmŪ èhsm
èhsmaoaohĊ
hĊ sĊ-ŪsĊ-Ūbb nĊsm
nĊsmŜt Ŝtbb l jafm
jafm prlp
prlprb
rbmm Ŝb sĊ rmspmj
rmspmjŪb Ūb dapt
daptuf
uf jĊ afŪb
afŪbbb uroma
uromazĊ zĊ uh
aft gruo jĊtrm ajmmaŜb gmstbhaŪbm.
YA[MHWBHN-TF, MFMOMHW AF TBMūBB W[ċBWM GBH YFBH

YA[MHWBHN-TF,
;=:
AtmhŪbm fa bhtmrvaf3 smhtbomhtuf apartmhmhŪmb
Zmhtbomhtuf vaflrbb pmrslhafm èŜb arm rĊgĊjbhbfm èh bukbrm Ŝb Ŝb èh smhtbomhtuf apartmhmhŪmb, bar uha gbhtrm jmfm oab kuhm
olgafbtĊŪb gm a fm arĊta jlpbbflr jĊ-b bukbo hmjlhgbŪblhat mstm sĊ hm asbnurĊo jĊ Ŝtbu jĊ aparŪbh daobfbmb hlastrm. ZuhĊ
jbugat,
jbugat, gar m vlrka gm l prlkfmoĊ
prlkfmoĊ boplrtahtĊ,
boplrtahtĊ, uhmlrb gm-a grmptuf
grmptuf gurmrlasĊ pmhtru jlpbb. Fa panbha
panbha 14;, ao gmdbhbt
smhtbomhtuf gm apartmhmhŪĊ grmpt glrbhŪa èhhĊsjutĊ a laomhbflr gm a db partm gbh jmva oab oarm gmjët mb. ]ha gbhtrm jmfm
oab oarb surprbzm pm jarm fm-ao avut, èh jursuf jmrjmtĊrbflr omfm, a dlst sĊ jlhstat jĊ agaptarma hu-b tltuha ju apartmhmhŪa
fa uh nrup. Jmrt mstm jĊ mdlrtuf gm a tm agapta sm huoĊrĊ prbhtrm jmfm oab oarb pbmgbjb èh jafma apartmhmhŪmb. ZĊ tm agaptmzb
èhsmaohĊ sĊ mvafumzb sbtuaŪba Ŝb sĊ tm sjebokb èh aŜa dmf, èhjët sĊ dbb ajjmptat. ApartmhmhŪa, pm gm aftĊ partm, hu hm jmrm sĊ
hm sjebokĊo
hm sjebokĊo ‗ ‗ hm jmrm glar sĊ
sĊ dbo hlb èhŜbhm.
Fm-ao jmrut uhlr jlpbb gm jfasa a lpta sĊ dlromzm objb mjebpm Ŝb dbmjarm sĊ-ob spuhĊ jarm m gbdmrmhŪa gbhtrm agaptarm Ŝb
agaptarm Ŝb
apartmhmhŪĊ. [Ċspuhsurbfm o-au fĊsat ju nura jĊsjatĊ3
• ApartmhmhŪa èhsmaohĊ
ApartmhmhŪa èhsmaohĊ sĊ tm adfb prbhtrm laomhbb afĊturb gm jarm-Ūb glrmŜtb sĊ dbb, bar mb tm prbomsj
ju bhboa gmsjebsĊ. Agaptarma
gmsjebsĊ. Agaptarma èhsmaohĊ
èhsmaohĊ sĊ dbb prbhtrm laomhbb afĊturb gm jarm èŪb glrmŜtb sĊ dbb, gar pm jmbfafŪb hu-b
bhtmrmsmzb, ju agmvĊrat.
• ApartmhmhŪa èhsmaohĊ sĊ dbb ajjmptat pmhtru tbhm èhsuŪb. Agaptarma
èhsuŪb. Agaptarma èhsmaohĊ
èhsmaohĊ sĊ dbb ajjmptat,
pmhtru jĊ mŜ tb fa dmf j a tlŪb jmbfafŪ b.
• Atuhjb jëhg aparŪbh uhub
Atuhjb jëhg aparŪbh uhub nrup, sbot jĊ suht mu èhsuob. Wrmkubm sĊ dbu fa dmf ja jmbfafŪb, ja sĊ oĊ
agaptmz.
GmdbhbŪbbfm flr mrau juo hu sm platm oab pltrbvbtm. Hu jlhtmazĊ èh jm partm a ŪĊrbb puh ajmstm
èhtrmkĊrb Ŝb jm dmf gm ŜjlafĊ vbzbtmz ‗ mfmvbb gm nbohazbu Ŝb gm fbjmu èhŪmfmn juo stĊ trmaka.
;=7
Gm asmo
asmomhmhma,
ma, mb vlvlrkrkms
msjj gmsje
gmsjebs
bs gmsp
gmsprm
rm sudmr
sudmrbh
bhŪa
Ūa hĊsju
hĊsjutĊ
tĊ gbh
gbh daptu
daptuff jĊ hu trĊb
trĊbms
msjj uh smhtsmhtbo
bomh
mhtt gm
apart
apartmhm
mhmhŪ
hŪĊĊ èh daob
daobfbfbm.
m. Jëhg
Jëhg fm-a
fm-ao
o jmrut
jmrut ajmfl
ajmflrr mfmv
mfmvbb gm-a
gm-a lplpta
ta sĊ-o
sĊ-obb gma
gma gmdb
gmdbhb
hbŪb
Ūbbf
bfm,
m, uh
uhuf
uf a sjrbsjrbs3
s3
‘M nrmu
nrmu sĊ hu ab uh smht smhtbo
bomh
mhtt gm apart
apartmh
mhmhŪ
mhŪĊĊ fa ŜjlafĊ
ŜjlafĊ.. Gar
Gar asta
asta hu
hu-b
-b hbob
hbobj,
j, prbh
prbh jlopa
jlopara
raŪb
Ūbmm ju
dmfu
dmfuff juo
juo tm sboŪ
sboŪb,
b, atuhjb
atuhjb jëhg
jëhg hu ab uh smht smhtbo
bomh
mhtt gm apart
apartmhm
mhmhŪ
hŪĊĊ fa tbhm
tbhm ajas
ajasĊ/
Ċ/'' Jëhg
Jëhg b-ao
b-ao èhtr
èhtrmk
mkat
at
pm mfm vb jm èhsmaoh Ċ aj mst fuj ru, ob -au g at uro Ċtlarm fm m xmopfm3
• ZĊ hu tm rbgbjb fa èhĊfŪboma aŜtmptĊrbflr pĊrbhŪbflr.
• ZĊ hu dbb atët gm ‘tarm" sau gm ‘kbhm
‘kbhm vĊzut", pm jët Ŝb-ar glrb pĊrbhŪbb.
• ZĊ hu dbb fa dmf gm bhtmfbnmht ja pĊrbhŪbb tĊb.
• ZĊ hu dbb fa dmf gm kuh fa fujrurbfm fa jarm pĊrbhŪbb
pĊrbhŪbb tĊb mrau dlartm prbjmpuŪb.
• YĊrbhŪbb tĊb suht gmzaoĊnbŪb jĊ hu ab gmstub prbmtmhb, hu mŜtb kuh fa splrt,
splrt, lrb h-ab dlst afmasĊ èh
dlroaŪba gm oaclrmtm.
• YĊrbhŪbflr tĊb hu fm pfajm juo mŜtb Ŝb jm-Ūb pfajm sĊ dajb.
• Ym pĊrbhŪbb
pĊrbhŪbb tĊb hu-b bhtmrmsmaz
bhtmrmsmazĊĊ jm dajb.
GajĊ vrmo sĊ fm juftbvĊo jlpbbflr hlŜtrb smhtbomhtuf prlprbmb vaflrb, trmkubm sĊ hm asbnurĊo jĊ Ŝtbu jĊ daj partm gbh
daobfbm Ŝb jĊ apartmhmhŪa flr hu m jlhgbŪblhatĊ gm hbobj. Jmma jm dajm atët gm gbdbjbf ajmst fujru mstm daptuf jĊ oaclrbtatma
gbhtrm hlb dajmo mdlrturb, ja sĊ trĊbo uh smhtbomht gm apartmhmhŪĊ ‗ sĊ sboŪbo jĊ suhtmo partm bhtmnrahtĊ a uhub nrup, hu
jbuga vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbflr hlastrm, jb gatlrbtĊ
èh jbuga jb gatlrbtĊ flr.
flr. Hu putmo sĊ fm gĊo jlpbbflr hlŜtrb jm hu avmo0 asta èhsmaohĊ jĊ
trmkubm sĊ dajmo uh mdlrt, sĊ hm juftbvĊo hlb èhŜbhm smhtbomhtuf apartmhmhŪmb, afĊturb gm jlpbbb hlŜtrb.
Tlb arĊta prbhtr-uh mxmopfu j uo hm putmo gmzvlfta èoprmuhĊ ju jlpbbb hlŜtrb Ŝb daptuf jĊ ajm Ŝtba
suht japakbfb gm dlartm ouftĊ mopatbm. (Hbobj aftjmva hu bhspbrĊ èhtr-l oab oarm oĊsurĊ
smhtbomhtuf apartmhmhŪmb, gmjët mopatba rmjbprljĊ!)
YA[MHWBHN-T] MFMOMHW AF TBMūBB W[ċBWM GBH YFBH ;==

YA[MHWBHN-T]
Jëhg mra èh jfasa a patra, Mffmh a vmhbt ajasĊ gm fa ŜjlafĊ, èh- tr-l zb, Ŝb a bzkujhbt èh pfëhs bomgbat jm a bhtrat pm uŜĊ, gupĊ
jarm a dunbt èh jaomra mb. O-ao gus gupĊ ma, ao èhnmhuhjemat èh daŪa mb Ŝb
ao èhtrmkat-l jm sm èhtëopfasm. Ob-a spus, prbhtrm suspbhm3
‗ O-ao sĊtura t sĊ dbu om rmu fa jmbfafŪb_ Hu
jmbfafŪb_ Hu oab vrmau!
H-ao èhŪmfms jm v lba s Ċ sp uhĊ, aŜa jĊ b-ao jmrut sĊ-ob mxpfbj m oa b mxa jt j m èhs moha ‘fa jmbfa fŪb". ‗ èh dbmja rm r mjrma Ūbm,
cujĊo dltkaf. Glb gbhtrm jlpbbb pfĊjuŪ b gm tlŪb suht jĊpbta hb Ŝb-Ŝb afmn mjebpm fm. Yrbouf jĊpbta h spuhm3 ‘èb afmn pm Zuzbm,
Cleh, Ymtm, [lkbh Ŝb Ca`m". Ym uroĊ, af glbfma jĊpbtah spuhm3 ‘èb afmn pm Ahgrmw, Ztmvm, @atbm Ŝb Zum, Ŝb pm jmbfafŪb putmo
sĊ-b èopĊrŪbo". èh dbmjarm zb, mu suht uhuf gbhtrm jmbfafŪb. HbjblgatĊ hu oĊ strbnĊ fa èhjmput, jëhg daj mjebpmfm.
Ob s-a drëht bhboa. Mffmh stĊtma pm oarnbhma patufub, ju japuf èh oëbhb. Mrao aŜa èhnrbclratĊ, jëhg ao uroat-l èh jaomra
mb, jĊ hbjb h-ao oab aprbhs fuobha. Hu suplrtao vufhmrakbfbtatma plsturbb mb ‗ dmfuf juo stĊtma, pfëhnëhg, pm èhtuhmrbj ‗
aŜa j-ao dĊjut jëŪbva paŜb pëhĊ fa èhtrmrupĊtlr. YarjĊ Guohmzmu o-a lprbt fljufub ‗ nmstuf gm a aprbhgm fuobha, ja sĊ
sjap gm gbsjlhdlrt, o-a dĊjut sĊ oĊ nëhgmsj fa uhuf gbhtrm jbtatmfm omfm davlrbtm gbh Ymrha Jelgrlh, gmsprm èhtuhmrbj Ŝb
jlopasbuhm3 ‘Jlopasbuhma hu mstm l rmfaŪbm èhtrm vbhgmjĊtlr Ŝb jmf rĊhbt. Mstm l rmfaŪbm èhtrm mnafb. Huoab atuhjb jëhg hm
juhlaŜtmo kbhm prlprbuf èhtuhmrbj, putmo sĊ dbo prmzmhŪb èh èhtuhmrbjuf jmflrfafŪb. Jlopasbuhma gmvbhm rmafĊ, atuhjb jëhg
hm rmjuhlaŜtmo prlprba uoahbtatm, èopĊrtĊŜbtĊ gm jmfĊfaft."
Ao rmhuhŪat sĊ oab aprbhg fuobha Ŝb o-ao aŜmzat gbh hlu fëhnĊ Mffmh, èh èhtuhmrbj ‗ èh smhs
fbtmraf Ŝb molŪblhaf gmlpltrbvĊ. B-ao pus l oëhĊ èh curuf uomrbflr Ŝb b-ao spus3
‗ Řtbu juo m sĊ dbb jmfĊfa ft.
Řb-a Ŝtmrs hasuf ju glsuf oëbhbb Ŝb ob-a spus3

‗ Ka h u Ŝtbb. Ym tb hm tm pfaj t lŪb.
;=4
B-ao mxpfbjat jĊ mra agmvĊrat, jebar Ŝtbao juo sm sboŪma.

‗ Jëhg jmbfaf Ūb oĊ tratma zĊ ja dbbhg ‘jmfĊ faft", suht rĊhbtĊ Ŝb durbla sĊ, gar èh prbouf rëhg oĊ sbot sbhnurĊ Ŝb
hmèhsmohatĊ. Hu sbot hmvlba sĊ dbu kbhm vĊzutĊ, gar aŜ vrma ja rmstuf sĊ oĊ rmjuhlasjĊ Ŝb sĊ-ob aratm jfar jĊ suht
boplrtahtĊ pmhtru mb. JĊ daj partm gbhtrm mb.
Hu-b vm hma s Ċ jrm agĊ3

‗ Ba ubt m, j Ċ Ŝtbb ! Jebar aŜa oĊ sbot!
Hm-ao strëhs èh kra Ūm uha pm af ta, èh patuf mb, aplb M ffmh ob -a pl vmstbt juo m ra fa ma fa Ŝjlaf Ċ, èh rmjrm aŪbb, Ŝb b-a o plvm stbt
Ŝb mu gmsprm uhmfm gbhtrm mxpmrbmhŪmfm omfm gbh ŜjlafĊ, jëhg mra atët gm gurmrls sĊ dbb tratat grmpt ‘jmfĊfaft".
Jao fa gluĊ sĊptĊoëhb gupĊ ajmma, mrao ajasĊ aoëhgluĊ, jëhg a slsbt plŜta. Ao afmrnat fa uŜĊ hmrĊkgĊtlarm. Dusmsmo
prlnra oatĊ sĊ vlr kmsj fa uh mvmhbom ht pfb h gm v mgmtm Ŝb mra o dlar tm jur blasĊ juo a rĊta a dbŜuf mvmhbom htufub. Ylatm pĊrma
jbugat, gar mrao mxtrmo gm èhjëhtatĊ fa bgmma jĊ uroa sĊ-ob vĊg dltlnradba pusĊ afĊturb gm jmfm afm uhlr starurb gm dbfo.
O-ao aŜmzat pm jahapma, ju adbŜuf èh oëhĊ, f-ao gmsdĊŜurat Ŝb ao èhjmput sĊ-ob jaut èhhmkuhbtĊ dltlnradba. Jebar èh tbop
jm dĊjmao asta, Mffmh a bhtrat èh jaomrĊ Ŝb ob-a spus3 ‗ Zupmr! ċsta-b adbŜuf jlhdmrbhŪmb< GĊ-ob-f Ŝb obm!
Aprl
Aprlpb
pbbh
bhgu
gu-s
-smm gm jahap
jahapma,
ma, Ŝb-a
Ŝb-a gat
gat smao
smaoaa jĊ gbsp
gbsplzb
lzbŪb
Ūbaa oma
oma sm sjebo
sjeboka
kasm
sm ‗ gm fa hmrĊ
hmrĊkg
kgarm
arm,, fa
gmzaoĊnbrm.
‗ Jm s- a èhtë opfat, oaob<
Ao kĊtut ju pafoa pm jahapma, ja sĊ sm aŜmzm fëhnĊ obhm. ūbhmao plstmruf èh daŪa hlastrĊ, bar
Mffmh uroĊrma ju gmnmtuf dltlnradbbfm.
‗ Hu t m vĊg hbjĊbm rb. ] hgm m Ŝtb<
B-ao dĊjut smoh sprm rëhguf gm suk dltlnradbbfm jmfmkrbtĊŪbflr, uhgm sjrba3 ‘Řb afŪbb".
YA[MHWBHN-]F, MFMOMHW AF TBMūBB W[ċBWM GBH YFBH ;=>

YA[MHWBHN-]F,
Mffm
Mffmhh s-a
s-a fĊsat
fĊsat pm spat
spatm,
m, s-a rmzmoa
rmzmoatt gm pmrh pmrhmfmfmm gm pm jahap
jahapma
ma,, Ŝb-a
Ŝb-a pu
puss japuf
japuf pm uoĊru
uoĊruff omu
omu Ŝb a
spus3
‗ Ld, oaob, jrmg jĊ tu mŜtb aj uo fa ‘jmbfa fŪb". èob pa rm rĊ u!
Hu b-a o rĊsp uhs pm flj. O Ċ sboŪm ao hm èhsmoha tĊ ‗ hu mra hbjb l plzĊ gm-a oma pm adbŜ, bar obm - ob pĊsa g m ajm st fuj ru.
Mffmh s-a apfmjat sprm obhm, s-a ubtat èh ljebb omb Ŝb ob-a spus3 ‗ Řtbu juo tm sboŪb. Jëhg ob sm spuhm jĊ suht uhuf gbhtrm
‘jmbfafŪb", oĊ sbot rĊhbtĊ, Ŝb hmèhsmohatĊ, Ŝb sbhnurĊ. Ju tlŪbb vrmo sĊ jlhtĊo pmhtru jmbfafŪb Ŝb sĊ dbo rmjuhlsjuŪb.
Oab tërzbu, ob-ao gat smaoa jĊ ajmsta a dlst uhuf gbhtrm jmfm oab boplrtahtm olomhtm gbh vbaŪa oma. Ylatm jĊ hu vlo
trĊb smhtbomhtuf apartmhmhŪmb èh tbopuf uhub omjb gbh rmjrmaŪbm sau fa l jlhdmrbhŪĊ pfbhĊ ju slobtĊŪb, gar boplrtaht mstm sĊ
sboŪbo ajmst fujru ajlfl uhgm jlhtmazĊ jmf oab ouft ‗ ajasĊ. Zjlpuf hu mstm sĊ dbo hbŜtm pĊrbhŪb pmrdmjŪb. Gm dapt, jmfm
oab boplrtahtm fujrurb sm pmtrmj èh ajmfm olomhtm bopmrdmjtm, èh jarm fm pmrobtmo jlpbbflr hlŜtrb sĊ hm acutm sĊ gmpĊŜbo
gbstahŪa. BatĊ bstlrbsbrma fub Zusah ‗ l dmombm pm jarm ao bhtmrvbmvat-l èh uroĊ ju jëŪbva ahb ‗, l plvmstm gmsprm
juftbvarma rmzbfbmhŪmb fa ruŜbhm Ŝb gmpĊŜbrma gbstahŪmb.
Zusah mra prbhsĊ èhtr-l gbsjuŪbm ju uh nrup gm aftm oaom gm fa Ŝjlafa uhgm èhvĊŪau jlpbbb mb, èh tbop jm ajmŜtba l aŜtmptau
fa jëŪbva paŜb, sĊ-b gujĊ ajasĊ. Oaomfm gbsjutau gmsprm jbhm avma sĊ dbm nazga pmtrmjmrbb gm kuh-vmhbt pmhtru mfmvbb jmb
hlb. Hbjb uha gbhtrm mfm hu-Ŝb glrma sĊ dbm lrnahbzatlarm, huoab jĊ oaoa jarm sm ldmrbsm èhabhtm avma ‘l jasĊ pfbhĊ gm
obzmrbm". GupĊ jm au gbsjutat jëtmva obhutm gmsprm dmomba rmspmjtbvĊ Ŝb jasa mb, s-au pus gm ajlrg jĊ, gajĊ l fĊsau pm ma
sĊ nĊzgubasjĊ pmtrmjmrma, asta fm-ar db jrmat l boanbhm prlastĊ flr Ŝb AsljbaŪbmb YĊrbhŪbflr.
GupĊ jm au èhjembat gbsjuŪba, Zusah Ŝb-a fuat jlpbbb (l dmtbŪĊ fa nrĊgbhbŪĊ Ŝb glb kĊbmŪb ‗ uhuf èh
jfasa èhtëb Ŝb uhuf èhtr-a trmba)
;=5
Ŝb au plrhbt sprm jasĊ. Tljma kĊbatufub gbh jfasa èhtëb s-a auzbt gbh smhbh, gm pm kahjemta gbh spatm a oaŜbhbb3
‗ Jrmg j Ċ mŜt b l oĊ objĊ ob huhatĊ .
Zusah a zëokbt Ŝb b-a spus3

‗ OufŪuoms j, pub Ŝlr.
Fa jëtmva obhutm gupĊ jm au bhtrat èh jasĊ, ajmfaŜb jlpbf s-a aprlpbat gm ma ju ljebb èh fajrbob. Z-a ubtat fa Zusah Ŝb a spus3
‗ MŜtb ouf ŪuobtĊ gm tb hm< Wm sboŪ b kbhm <
Zusah ob-a spus jĊ dusmsm fuatĊ jlopfmt prbh surprbhgmrm. Z-a aŜmzat èh nmhuhjeb, fëhnĊ kĊbat, Ŝb b-
a spus3
‗ Hu. Gm jm < Jm s-a èht ëopfat <*'
KĊbatuf b-a rĊspuhs3

‗ Omrmu spub jĊ, atuhjb jëhg oab oufŪb laomhb sm aguhĊ falfaft Ċ Ŝb vlrkmsj gm rĊu pm jbhmva , glar gbh jauzĊ jĊ mstm
aftdmf gmjët mb, èhsmaohĊ jĊ prlkakbf hu suht oufŪuobŪb gm mb èhŜbŜb. Ab spus jĊ, atuhjb jëhg mŜtb oufŪuobt gm tbhm èhsuŪb, hu
spub fujrurb rmfm gmsprm afŪbb.
Zusah a sboŪbt bomgbat jĊ-b argmau lkracbb gm ruŜbhm. Řb-a gat smaoa jĊ kĊbatuf jmf obj asjuftasm jlhvmrsaŪba gbhtrm oĊobjb,
gm fa ŜjlafĊ.
Ajms
Ajmsta
ta m uh olom olomht
ht dlar
dlartm
tm bopl
boplrt
rtah
aht.
t. ]h
olomht èh jarm plŪb afmnm sĊ-Ūb jrmŜtb jlpbbb èh
spbrbtuf uhmb vbmŪb trĊbtm gbh pfbh. Yutmo tlfmra
vufhmrakbfbtatma oĊjar uh obhut< Zau sboŪbo
hmvlba sĊ sjĊpĊo gm smhtbomhtuf gm vbhĊ Ŝb gm
gbsjl
gbsjlhdl
hdlrt
rt,, bar
bar gbh
gbh ajmas
ajmastĊ
tĊ jauz
jauzĊ
Ċ fm gmvb
gmvbmo
mo
jlpbbflr atmhŪba jĊtrm aftm fujrurb sau èb jmrtĊo
j-au ‘èhtrmjut oĊsura"< Zuhtmo japakbfb sĊ hm
dlfl
dlflsbo
sbo gm ljazb
ljazbm
m Ŝb sĊ-f
sĊ-f fĊug
fĊugĊo
Ċo pm jlpb
jlpbfu
fuff
hlstru, pmhtru j-adlst aŜa mopatbj< Yutmo
dajm nrmŜmfb, bar aplb sĊ hm rmparĊo
mrla
mrlarm
rma<
a< GajĊ
ajĊ vrmo
rmo sĊ-b
sĊ-b vmg
vmgmo pm jlpbjlpbbbb
hlŜt
hlŜtrb
rb asuo
asuoëhëhgu
gu-Ŝ
-Ŝbb pr
prlp
lprb
rbbf
bfm
m mxpm
mxpmrb
rbmh
mhŪm
Ūm Ŝb
sĊ dbm jbhstbŪb èh prbvbhŪa flr, h-ar trmkub sĊ hb
fm asuoĊo Ŝb hlb, fa rëhguf hlstru<
YA[MHWBHN-T] MFMOMHW AF TBMūBB W[ċBWM GBH YFBH ;=2

YA[MHWBHN-T]
Zusah s-a ubtat fa kĊbat Ŝb b-a spus3
‗ OufŪuoms j gbh sudfmt jĊ mŜtb atmht ju obhm Ŝb jĊ oĊ èhtrm kb juo oĊ sbot. OĊ sbot kbhm, gar jrmg j-ao dĊjut l
nrmŜmafĊ, èob trmkubm puŪbh tbop sĊ oĊ nëhgmsj kbhm fa jm ob-ab spus. Gar ab grmptatm, ao spus hbŜtm jemstbb cbnhbtlarm
gmsprm jbhmva.
GupĊ jm s-a oab fbhbŜtbt, Zusah f-a fuat pm kĊbatuf mb gmlpartm, sĊ gbsjutm. Au vlrkbt gmsprm jët gm
uŜlr mstm sĊ dbb èhjlhcurat gm pmrslahm jarm gbsjutĊ gmsprm jbhmva. Zusah a rmjuhlsjut jbhstbt jĊ
uhmlrb èŜb dajm nrbcb gmsprm ‘jmma jm jrmg jmbfafŪb gmsprm ma". Ob-a spus jĊ kĊbatuf mb s-a apfmjat
jĊtrm ma Ŝb b-a spus, èh ŜlaptĊ3 ‘Řb mu". Řb-au prlobs aplb uhuf aftuba sĊ gbsjutm omrmu gmsprm
asmomhma mxpmrbmhŪm.
A db ju agmvĊrat bopfbjat, èh rmfaŪba ju jlpbbb tĊb, èhsmaohĊ sĊ bhvmstmŜtb tbop Ŝb mhmrnbm. èhsmaohĊ sĊ stab Ŝb sĊ gbsjuŪb ju
mb, ja sĊ fm èhŪmfmnb
èhŪmfmnb fuoma, jm bhtmrmsm
bhtmrmsm au, jm fb sm èhtëopfĊ. YĊrbhŪb
YĊrbhŪb bopfbjaŪb nĊsmŜtb
nĊsmŜtb gm dbmjarm partm a uhmb gmzkatmrb
gmzkatmrb
fmnatm gm jrmŜtmrma jlpbbflr. Mb daj partm gbh tragbŪbb Ŝb jufturb gbdmrbtm, Ŝb au vaflrb gbdmrbtm. Jmma jm au èh jlouh, èhsĊ,
mstm olguf èh jarm puh èh prajtbjĊ ajmstm vaflrb. Yar sĊ èopĊrtĊŜmasjĊ l dbflsldbm a fub3 ‘Hu suht pmrdmjt, h-ao
èhtltgmauha grmptatm, gar suht abjb, gmsjebs, atmht fa jm fb sm èhtëopfĊ jlpbbflr omb, bukbhgu-b Ŝb dbbhg ju agmvĊrat bopfbjat"
Ju sbnurahŪĊ, bopfbjarma hmjmsbtĊ sajrbdbjbb, gar hm-ao asuoat ajmst fujru, atuhjb jëhg hm-ao
eltĊrët sĊ gmvmhbo pĊrbhŪb. OufŪb gbhtrm hlb hm jlhdruhtĊo ju atët gm ouftm sarjbhb jlhjurmhtm,
èhjët m uŜlr sĊ tm nëhgmŜtb3 ‘Hu plt sajrbdbja trmb lrm, ja sĊ oĊ ubt fa panbha gm Dajmkll` a dbufub
omu, lrb sĊ stau ju dbbja oma, èh tbop jm-ob mxpfbjĊ pm èhgmfmtm, ju fux gm aoĊhuhtm, jm s-a
èhtëopfat fa jlhjursuf mb gm prlbmjtm ŜtbbhŪbdbjm gbh jfasa a patra".
Řb obm ob-m nrmu sĊ daj tlatm astma. Cbooy Nrajm, prmltuf gm fa kbsmrbja hlastrĊ mpbsjlpafĊ, a Ūbhut
rmjmht l prmgbjĊ gmsprm
;49
prbvmsj parmhtbhn-ub. Hm-a
hatura sajrbdbjbufub, jarm ob-a sjebokat ju tltuf dmfuf èh jarm prbvmsj parmhtbhn-ub. Hm-a mxpfbjat jĊ
a sajrbdbja èhsmaohĊ,
sajrbdbja èhsmaohĊ, èh fatbhĊ, ‘a sajrafbza, a sdbhŪb". Jrmg gbh tlatĊ bhboa jĊ, atuhjb jëhg suhtmo
ju tltuf bopfbjaŪb èh jrmŜtmrma jlpbbflr, bhgbdmrmht gm jët gm bopmrdmjŪb, vufhmrakbfb Ŝb gmzlrnahbzaŪb
suhtmo hlb èhŜbhm, jrmĊo jmva sajru.
Jura
Jura uf gm a db
db vufhmrak
vufhmrakbf
bf
èhabhtm sĊ sjrbu ajmastĊ smjŪbuhm, ob-ao èoprĊŜtbat pm oasa gbh sudranmrbm dlbfm ju rmzuftatmfm
jmrjmtĊrbflr Ŝb o-ao èhtrmkat3 jarm m jmf oab vufhmrakbf Ŝb oab juracls fujru pm jarm-f daj pĊrbhŪbb,
èh mdlrtuf flr gm a jrmŜtm jlpbb jarm sĊ trĊbasjĊ gbh pfbh< Ao jrmzut jĊ avma sĊ-ob ba zbfm èhtrmnb ja
sĊ-ob gau smaoa, gar, èh tbop jm oĊ ubtao fa hltmfm gm lksmrvaŪbm, rĊspuhsuf ob s-a pĊrut mvbgmht3
sĊ-b fasm pm jlpbbb flr sĊ sm jlhdruhtm ju agvmrsbtatma Ŝb s-l èhdruhtm.
JĊfĊtlrbhg prbh tlatĊ Ūara, ao jlhstatat jĊ mxbstĊ l prmljuparm tlt oab bhtmhsĊ a pĊrbhŪbflr Ŝb
prldm slrbflr èh fmnĊ turĊ ju da ptuf j Ċ mfm vbb Ŝb jlpbbb flr hu èhvaŪĊ juo sĊ dajĊ daŪĊ agvmr sbtĊŪbb sau
gmzaoĊnbrbb, pmhtru jĊ suhtmo ‗ hlb, agufŪbb ‗ omrmu ajlfl, sĊ-b safvĊo Ŝb sĊ-b prltmcĊo.
Bhtmrmsaht mstm jĊ, gm ouftm lrb, jmb oab èhnrbclraŪb pĊrbhŪb suht Ŝb jmb oab prltmjtlrb. AgmvĊrata
prlkfm oĊ a jlpbbfl r hlŜt rb hu m jĊ hu sup lrtĊ v ufhmra kbfbtatm a bopf bjatĊ gm sbt uaŪbbfm ju ja rm sm
jĊ hlb hu
jlhdruhtĊ, jb jĊ hlb hu suplrtĊo hmsbnurahŪa, rbsjuf Ŝb mxpuhmrma molŪblhafĊ, hbjb oĊjar atuhjb,
jëhg Ŝtbo jĊ asta trmkubm dĊjut.
Řb obm-ob mra nrmu sĊ rmhuhŪ sĊ oab jlhtrlfmz sbtuaŪba Ŝb sĊ fm pmrobt jlpbbflr omb sĊ nĊsmasjĊ mb
sbhn
sbhnur
urbb rmzlf
rmzlfva
varma
rma uh
uhmb
mb prlk
prlkfmo
fmom,m, èhsĊ
èhsĊ jmfm
jmfm jm fm-afm-ao
o èhvĊ
èhvĊŪat
Ūat gbh
gbh stug
stugbb
bbfm
fm omfm
omfm ob-a
ob-auu olgb
olgbdb
dbjat
jat ju
tltu
tltuff pmrs
pmrspm
pmjt
jtbv
bva.
a. Jlhs
Jlhsbg
bgmr
mr astĊ
astĊzb
zb jĊ a-Ūb
a-Ūb prlt
prltmc
mcaa jlpb
jlpbbb
bb Ŝb a bhtmbhtmrvm
rvmhb
hb èh sbtu
sbtuaŪ
aŪbb
bbfm
fm gbdb
gbdbjbf
jbfmm ju jarm
jarm mb
sm jlhdruhtĊ hu glar jĊ hu-b acutĊ, jb mstm jebar pmrbjufls. H-aŜ vrma sĊ dbu
YA[MHWBHN -]F, MFMOMHW AF TBMūBB W[ċBWM GBH YFBH ;41

YA[MHWBHN
èhŪmfmasĊ nrmŜbt ‗ èhjĊ oab ao gbdbjuftĊŪb gm ajmst dmf Ŝb èhjĊ bhtmrvbh èhtr-l sbtuaŪbm, jëhg, gm dapt, h-ar trmkub sĊ daj asta,
glar jĊ ajuo oĊ nëhgmsj gm gluĊ lrb, èhabhtm sĊ fas ja gbsjlhdlrtuf sĊ-ob gbjtmzm uh ahuobt jloplrtaomht. BatĊ gm jm3
spmrahŪa mstm uh rmzuftat af èhdruhtĊrbb l kstajlfmflr. GajĊ vrmo sĊ abkĊ, jlpbbb hlŜtrb, uh hbvmf jrmsjut gm spmrahŪĊ, trmkubm
sĊ-b fĊsĊo sĊ sm fuptm mb èhŜbŜb ju lkstajlfmfm. Wlt jm-ob glrmsj oab ouft pmhtru jlpbbb omb mstm ja, èh adara bukbrbb Ŝb a
smhtbomhtufub gm apartmhmhŪĊ, sĊ abkĊ uh hbvmf jrmsjut gm spmrahŪĊ.
MxpmrbmhŪa gm èhdruhtarm a agvmrsbtĊŪbb, tmhajbtatma Ŝb tĊrba gm jarajtmr suht jafbtĊŪb boplrtahtm afm jmflr jarm èŜb
jarm èŜb trĊbmsj
vbaŪa gbh pfbh ‗
pfbh ‗ gupĊ juo aratĊ jmrjmtĊrbfm omfm. Ao dlst dlartm kujurlasĊ gm ajmastĊ jlhstatarm, dbbhgjĊ mrau prbhtrm
puŪbhmf m jafbtĊ Ūb afm uhmb vbmŪb trĊbtm gbh pfbh, pm jarm fm avmao Ŝb mu, èh ajmf olomht (èŪb aobhtmŜ tb, prlkakb f, jĊ èh
bhtrlgujmrm ao spus jĊ avmao glar gluĊ jafbtĊŪb gbh jmfm zmjm hmjmsarm uhmb vbmŪbb trĊbtm gbh pfbh). JĊutëhg èh fbtmratura
gm spmjbafbtatm uh jlhjmpt jarm sĊ juprbhgĊ jmfm trmb jafbtĊŪb aobhtbtm oab sus, ao gat pmstm uh stugbu èhtrmprbhs gm J.[.
Zhygmr pm tmoa spmrahŪmb. Ao dlst ubobtĊ. èh prbouf rëhg, jrmgmao jĊ spmrahŪa mstm l molŪbm jafgĊ, gbduzĊ ‗ smhtbomhtuf
jĊ uh fujru mstm ju putbhŪĊ. èh af glbfma rëhg, jmma jm jĊutao mu mra l jlokbhaŪbm gm japajbtĊŪb, pm jarm ao mtbjemtat-l
grmpt ‘Yfahuf K"3 laomhbb jarm plsmgau ajmstm jafbtĊŪb avmau èhtltgmauha uh ‘Yfah K", jëhg Yfahuf A hu gĊgma rmzuftatm.
GupĊ
GupĊ juo juo ao jlhs jlhsta
tata
tatt oab
oab tërzb
tërzbu,
u, jmma
jmma jm jrmgjrmgmao
mao gmsp
gmsprmrm spmra
spmrahŪhŪĊĊ mra
mra nrmŜ
nrmŜbt
bt,, gar
gar avmao
avmao grmpgrmpta
tatm
tm
èh tlt
tlt jm jrmgjrmgmaomao gmsprm
gmsprm ‘Yfa
‘Yfahu
huff K".
K". Yltr
Yltrbv
bvbt
bt fub
fub Zhyg
Zhygmrmr,, jarm
jarm Ŝb-a
Ŝb-a gmgb
gmgbjat
jat jarb
jarbmrmraa stug
stugbm
bmrbb
rbb ajmst
ajmstub
ub
sukb
sukbmjt
mjt,, spmra
spmrahŪ
hŪaa hu mstmmstm l molŪ
molŪbmbm00 m uh olgolg gm a nëhg nëhgbb sau
sau uh prlj prljms
ms jlnh
jlnhbtbtbv
bv.. MolŪ
MolŪbb
bbfm
fm clajĊ
clajĊ uh
rlf
rlf g m sprbsprbcb
cbhh , g ar
ar spmr
spmrah
ahŪa
Ūa,, èh sbhsbh m,
m, mstm
mstm u h p rlrl jms
jms g m n ëh ëh gbr
gb rmm jlh
jlh stb
stbtu
tubt
bt g bh bh jjmmma
ma jm Zhy Zhy gmr
gmr
jlhsbgmrĊ l jlokbhaŪbm gm sjlpurb, gm olgafbtĊŪb gm a fm atbhnm Ŝb gm ajŪbuhb èhtrmprbhsm gm bhgbvbg.
;4;
èh tmromhb dlartm sbopfb, spmrahŪa aparm atuhjb jëhg3

• Avmo akbfbtatma gm a hm dbxa sjlpurb rmafbstm (Řtbu
rmafbstm (Řtbu uhgm vrmau sĊ acuhn).
• Zuhtmo japakbfb sĊ hm gĊo smaoa juo sĊ sĊ atbhnmo ajmstm sjlpurb, avëhg,
avëhg, èh ajmfaŜb tbop,
dfmxbkbfbtatma hmjmsarĊ gm a stakbfb olgafbtĊŪb aftmrhatbvm gm a fm atbhnm (Řtbu juo sĊ acuhn ajlfl, suht pmrsmvmrmht Ŝb
plt sĊ tlfmrmz gmzaoĊnbrma Ŝb sĊ èhjmrj gbh hlu).
• Jrmgmo
Jrmgmo èh hlb èhŜbhm
èhŜbhm (Ylt sĊ daj asta!).
AŜagar, spmrahŪa mstm l jlokbhaŪbm èhtrm dbxarma uhlr sjlpurb, a avma tmhajbtatma Ŝb pmrsmvmrmhŪa gm a fm uroĊrb Ŝb
èhjrmgmrma èh prlprbbfm japajbtĊŪb. ZpmrahŪa mstm ‘Yfahuf K", gm dapt.
Bar ajuo, vlb spuhm jm o-a bhspbrat sĊ oĊ jlhdruht ju prlprba vufhmrakbfbtatm, astdmf èhjët sĊ plt
ajjmpta, èh jmfm gbh uroĊ, sĊ daj uh pas èhaplb Ŝb sĊ-ob fas jlpbbb sĊ èhvmŪm sbhnurb juo sĊ
gmpĊŜmasjĊ agvmrsbtatma3 spmrahŪa sm èhvaŪĊ!
GupĊ Zhygmr, jlpbbb èhvaŪĊ gm fa pĊrbhŪbb flr juo sĊ spmrm. Ymhtru a èhvĊŪa juo sĊ spmrm, jlpbbb au hmvlbm gm hbŜtm rmfaŪbb
jarajtmrbzatm prbh stakbfbrma uhlr fbobtm, prbh jlhsmjvmhŪĊ Ŝb sprbcbh admjtbv gbh partma aguftufub. Jlpbbb ju uh hbvmf rbgbjat
gm spmrahŪĊ au mxpmrbmhŪĊ èh jlhdruhtarma ju agvmrsbtatma. Ajmstlra fb s-a gat ljazba sĊ gmpĊŜmasjĊ gbdbjuftĊŪb Ŝb, dĊjëhg
ajmst fujru, au èhvĊŪat juo sĊ jrmagĊ èh mb èhŜbŜb.
Ymhtru a jrmŜtm jlpbb pfbhb gm spmrahŪĊ Ŝb jarm sĊ abkĊ juracuf gm a db vufhmrakbfb, trmkubm sĊ dajb uh pas èhaplb Ŝb sĊ-b faŜb sĊ
sm jlhdruhtm ju gmzaoĊnbrma Ŝb jlhdfbjtuf, sĊ èhvmŪm juo sĊ sm bopuhĊ Ŝb sĊ abkĊ ljazba sĊ nrmŜmasjĊ.
GajĊ omrmu hm èhslŪbo jlpbbb èh armhĊ,

afuhnëhgu-fm jrbtbjbb Ŝb asbnurëhgu-fm vbjtlrba,
mb hu vlr adfa hbjblgatĊ jĊ plsmgĊ Ŝb mb
japa
japajb
jbta
tatm
tma
a gm a èhgr
èhgrĊz
Ċzhb
hb ju lr
lrbj
bjm
m pr
prmŪ
mŪ,, pm
jlht prlprbu.
YA[MHWBHN-T] MFMOMHW AF TBMūBB W[ċBWM GBH YFBH ;4:

YA[MHWBHN-T]
L sbtuaŪbm gbh jarm ao avut jmf oab ouft gm èhvĊŪat s-a èhtëopfat lgatĊ, jëhg o-ao gus s-l bau pm Mffmh gm fa èhlt. Mrao fa
zmjm oaŜbhb gbstahŪĊ gm ma, aŜtmptëhg fa rëhg, èoprmuhĊ ju afŪb pĊrbhŪb, sĊ hm fuĊo jlpbbb gm fa ahtrmhaomhtuf gm èhlt. Zm
èhtuhmja, gmjb hu-b vmgmao gmjët sbfumta, gar a dlst gm acuhs3 ob-ao gat smaoa jĊ jmva hu mra èh rmnufĊ, gupĊ dmfuf èh jarm
stĊtma. Z-a aruhjat pm sjauhuf gbh daŪĊ Ŝb, pëhĊ s-l èhtrmk juo dusmsm fa ahtrmhaomht, a bzkujhbt èh pfëhs. ‗ Jm s-a
èhtëopfat< Jm-ab pĊŪbt< Wm sboŪb kbhm<
Z-a ubtat pm dmrmastra oaŜbhbb, a tras agëhj amr èh pbmpt, èh tbop jm-Ŝb Ŝtmrnma fajrbobfm ju oëhmja
eahlrajufub, Ŝb ob-a spus3
‗ Wrmkubm sĊ èhl t fa prlka gm 199 gm omt rb kr as, fa jlhjur suf gm sëokĊtĊ .
Řtbao jĊ asta mra jmva rĊu, èh fuoma mb, Ŝb-ao èhjmrjat sĊ-ob asjuhg uŜurarma ‗ jebar mrao uŜuratĊ, pmhtru jĊ, èhtr-uh dmf
hmkuhmsj, gar hlroaf pmhtru obhm, oĊ nëhgmao gmca jĊ sm èhtëopfasm jmva èhtr-agmvĊr nrlazhbj.
F-ao runat pm
‗ Hu-h Ūmfmnb! Hu Ŝtbu sĊ èhl t kra s. Hu suht ku hĊ gmf lj. Y ur Ŝb sbopfu, hu prb jmpb. F-ao runat pm ahtrmhlr sĊ hu oĊ kanm
èh jlopmtbŪbm.
OĊ prmnĊtmao sĊ-b spuh jmva mopatbj Ŝb èhjuracatlr, èh tbop jm parjao pm afmma gbh daŪa jasmb, gar Mffmh, jebar atuhjb, s-a
Wm rln. H-l
ubtat èh ljebb omb, Ŝb-a pus oëha pmstm oëha oma Ŝb ob-a spus3 ‗ Wm rln sĊ o-acuŪb, oaoĊ. Wm rln. H-l sĊ acuhn fa dbhbŜ,
hbjb oĊjar jëhg h-l sĊ oab dbm hbjb l aftĊ datĊ èh kazbh, bar jmfmfaftm èhltĊtlarm, gbh jursa uroĊtlarm, lr sĊ sm prmnĊtmasjĊ
sĊ bhtrm èh apĊ. AŜa gm èhjmatĊ suht!
Hu putm ao sĊ- ob èhne bt safb va. Hu putmao sĊ në hgmsj fbopmgm . Gbht r-lgatĊ , ob- ao agu s aobht m juo mra j ëhg av mao m u
zmjm ahb Ŝb-ob aŜtmptao r ëhguf sĊ sar èh kazbh, fa l prlkĊ èh ja rm jlhjurao fa Omolrbafuf Oar fbhbflr gbh Hlrg-Tmst. WataWata
mra jmf jarm gĊgma startuf Ŝb sm ubta fa obhm gm parjĊ vlba
;47
sĊ-ob spuhĊ ‘jëŜtbnb sau olrb èhjmrjëhg . Mrao pm juflaruf jmf oab aprlpbat gm pmrmtm ‗ uhgm mra jmf oab nrmu. Avma sĊ
dbm uh gmzastru. Ju jëtmva olomhtm oab gmvrmom, èh tbop jm stĊtmao pm kahjĊ Ŝb oĊ nëhgmao smrbls s-l bau fa dunĊ, sĊ-ob
bau kbjbjfmta ju Ŝaua gm juflarma kahahmb, pm jarm l fĊsasmo rmzmoatĊ gm uh narg gbh aprlpbmrm, f-ao auzbt pm ahtrmhlr
spuhëhg3 ‘Z-l puhmo èh aftĊ nrupĊ gm vërstĊ. Hu suht sbnur j-l sĊ tmrobhm jursa, gar l sĊ dbm bhtmrmsaht, lrbjuo." ‗
OaoĊ<! OaoĊ! O-asjufŪb< Hu plŪb sĊ o-acuŪb< Eab, tm rln, vlrkmŜtm ju ahtrmhlruf sĊ oĊ puhĊ èh aftĊ jursĊ!
O-ao sboŪbt bhsuplrtakbf gm vufhmrakbfĊ, èob vmhma sĊ strbn ‘Ga! Hu mŜtb lkfbnatĊ sĊ èhlŪb fa hbjb uh jlhjurs, gajĊ hu vrmb.
pmhtru a trĊb gbh pfbh, aŜa j-ao tras amr agëhj
Hbjblga tĊ!" Gar h -ao str bnat. ‘Dbb j afo" m ra uh uf gbht rm hl bfm om fm mxm rjbŪbb, pmhtru a
èh pbmpt, ao huoĊrat pëhĊ fa jbhjb Ŝb b-ao spus objuŪmb Mffmh3
‗ Wrmkubm sĊ gbs jut j u tatĊ f tĊu, oab èht ëb.
GupĊ jm jlpbbb au omrs fa jufjarm, mu Ŝb Ztmvm ao stat l lrĊ èhtrmanĊ sĊ ahafbzĊo sbtuaŪba Ŝb ao
acuhs fa jlhjfuzba jĊ Mffmh trmkuba sĊ gbsjutm jebar ma ju ahtrmhlruf. GajĊ mf vlba ja ma sĊ
jlhjurmzm, atuhjb h-avma jm dajm, trmkuba sĊ jlhjurmzm. Jebar gajĊ asta mra jlhjfuzba jlrmjtĊ, ao
gmtmstat dbmjarm obhut gbh gbsjuŪba ju Ztmvm Ŝb ao èhjmrjat lrbjm, ja sĊ nĊsmsj aftĊ slfuŪbm, gm fa
èhjmrjarma gm a prlvlja l jmartĊ ju mf, pëhĊ fa èhvbhubrma ahtrmhlrufub sau mxprboarma prlprbmb
omfm tmomrb Ŝb gmsjĊrjarma gm vufhmrakbfbtatm.
Mffmh a dlst supĊratĊ, jëhg b-ao spus asta. Ouft oab supĊratĊ a dlst, jëhg s-a èhtlrs gm fa
ahtrmhaomht Ŝb hm-a spus jĊ ahtrmhlruf jlhsbgmra boplrtaht ja ma sĊ jlhjurmzm. Řb-a èhjrujbŜat
kraŪmf m pm oasĊ, Ŝb-a f Ċsat j apuf èh cls Ŝb a èhjmpu t sĊ p fëhnĊ. Fa uh olomht g at, Ŝ b-a r bgbjat japuf
Ŝb a spus3
‗ AŜ putm a sĊ oĊ rmt ran g bh jlo pmtbŪbm , Ŝb nata. Zuht o ufŪb ja rm hu bau st artuf gmflj.
YA[MHWBHN-TF, MFMOMHW AF TBMūBB W[ċBWM GBH YFBH

YA[MHWBHN-TF,
;4=
L partm gbh obhm Ŝb-a spus3 ‘Ymrdmjt!" Gar aplb, a zbs tlt ma3
‗ H-l sĊ j ëŜtbn. Hu suht hbjb oĊ jar sudbjbm ht gm kuhĊ, jët sĊ acuhn pm flj uf glb sau tr mb. WlatĊ fuoma l sĊ sm ubtm fa obh m.
Ajmsta mra uh olomht boplrtaht, èh jarm putmao s-l acut, ja sĊ-Ŝb rmgmdbhmasjĊ jmma jm mra
boplrtaht pmhtru ma. Řb sĊ daj, astdmf, ja vaflrbfm daobfbmb hlastrm sĊ dbm oab boplrtahtm gmjët
jlopmtbŪba gm èhlt, gmjët jm jrmgmau prbmtmhbb mb Ŝb gmjët juftura splrtbvĊ uftra-jlopmtbtbvĊ, tlt oab bhdfumhtĊ èh
jlouhbtĊŪbfm hlastrm. Ao prbvbt-l èh ljeb Ŝb b-ao spus3
‗ YlŪb sĊ hu tm gujb fa jlhjur s, gajĊ asta vrmb. èh fljuf tĊu, prlkak bf jĊ o-aŜ nëhgb Ŝb mu fa varbah ta asta. Gm jm
jlhjurmzb, pëhĊ fa uroĊ, ja sĊ jëŜtbnb sau sĊ bmŜb gbh apĊ èh ajmfaŜb tbop ju jmfmfaftm dmtm< Hu juova mstm oab boplrtaht
sĊ tm prmzbhŪb fa jlhjurs Ŝb sĊ bhtrb èh apĊ<
Z-a ubtat fa obhm, gm parj-aŜ db dlst hmkuhĊ3

‗ Juo agb jĊ, huoab sĊ oĊ prmzbh t Ŝb s Ċ bhtr u èh a pĊ<!
B-ao mxpfbjat jĊ ahb gm zbfm hu èhjmrjasmo hbobj aftjmva,

aftjmva, gmjët fujrurbfm
fujrurbfm fa jarm mrao gmca kuhĊ, Ŝb jĊ ajmstm afmnmrb
aprlapm jĊ oĊ dĊjusmrĊ sĊ ubt juo mstm sĊ tm sboŪb juraclasĊ.
‗ Jëtmlga tĊ, j mf oab boplrta ht Ŝb oab ju racls fujru pm ja rm plŪ b sĊ- f daj b mstm sĊ èhj mrjb.
Ztmvm Ŝb mu hm-ao asbnurat jĊ hu avmao sĊ dbo fëhnĊ ma, jëhg b-ar db vmhbt rëhguf sĊ bhtrm èh apĊ. Fa olomhtuf rmspmjtbv,
hu mrao sbnurĊ gajĊ avma sĊ bhtrm èh jlhjurs, gar ao vĊzut-l, mra ajlfl, afĊturb gm jmfmfaftm èhltĊtlarm. ZtĊtmao fa japĊtuf
juflarufub mb, Ūbhëhgu-hm rmspbraŪba. Z-a ubtat fa hlb, a gat gbh jap Ŝb s-a aruhjat ju japuf èhabhtm èh apĊ.
A dlst
dlst uftb
uftboa
oa jarm
jarm a bmŜbt
bmŜbt gbh
gbh kazbh
kazbh.. Jmfm
Jmfmfa
faft
ftmm èhlt
èhltĊt
Ċtla
larm
rm pĊrĊs
pĊrĊsbs
bsmrĊ
mrĊ gmca
gmca pu puht
htma
ma gbhgbh curu
curuff kazbh
kazbhuf
ufub
ub,,
Ŝb pm oarnoarnbh
bhma
ma fub
fub sm adfa
adfa uroĊ
uroĊtltlarm
armaa smrb
smrbmm gm jlop
jlopmt
mtbt
btla
larm
rm,, aŜtm
aŜtmpt
ptëh
ëhgu
gu-Ŝ
-Ŝbb rëhg
rëhguf
uf.. Ztmv
Ztmvmm Ŝb mu ao
strbnat, ao lvaŪblhat-l gm pm oarnbhm, èhtruha.
;44
Jëhg a bmŜbt gbh apĊ, s-a gus fa ahtrmhlruf mb, jarm a èokrĊŪbŜat-l, pm uroĊ b-a mxpfbjat jmva fmnat gm obŜjarma pbjblarmflr.
Jëhg a acuhs fa hlb, èh sdërŜbt, zëokma Ŝb avma jëtmva fajrbob èh ljeb. Z-a ubtat fa obhm Ŝb fa tatĊf mb Ŝb hm-a spus3
‗ A bmŜbt j ao pr lst, g ar ao dajut -l Ŝb pm a sta. O- ao prm zmhta t Ŝb a o bhtr at èh apĊ. Ao dlst

juraclasĊ.
Ao sjrbsjrbss uroĊ
uroĊtltlru
ruff oahb
oahbdmsdmstt af jrmŜ
jrmŜtm
tmrb
rbbb jlpbb
jlpbbflr
flr,, jlhs
jlhsbgbgmrë
mrëhg
hg jĊ mu èhsĊèhsĊob
ob ao hmvl hmvlbmbm gm mf.mf. Řb
Ztmvm
Ztmvm,, Ŝb mu avmo avmo hmvlhmvlbmbm gm mf. Hu-b uŜlr uŜlr sĊ rmhu
rmhuhŪ
hŪbb fa olgu
olguff èh jarm
jarm juft
juftur
uraa hl
hlas
astr
trĊĊ sm dlfl
dlflsm
smŜt
Ŝtmm
gm ajebzb
ajebzbŪbŪbbb Ŝb rmaf
rmafbzĊ
bzĊrb
rb,, pmht
pmhtru
ru a oĊsu
oĊsurara vaflar
vaflarma
ma uhuhmbmb pmrs
pmrsla
lahm
hm.. Dlfl
Dlflsm
smsj
sj ajmst
ajmst oahb
oahbdm
dmst
st ja pm l
pbatrĊ gm èhjmrj arm, l runĊjb uhm Ŝb l dlroĊ gm omgbtaŪ bm, atuhjb jëhg oĊ jlhdr uht ju
vu
vufh
fhmra
mrakb
kbfb
fbta
tatmtmaa sau
sau jëhgjëhg oĊ èhjma èhjmarjĊ
rjĊ ajma
ajma tmao
tmaoĊĊ a fub fub ‘hbj
‘hbjbl
blga
gatĊ
tĊ hu
hu-b
-b gmst
gmstuf
uf".
". èob
èob aobh
aobhtm
tmŜt
Ŝtmm gm
gmsjlpmrbrma jarm ob-a sjebokat Ŝb, prlkakbf, jebar safvat vbaŪa3
Jbhm suhsuhtmo Ŝb dmf dmfuf juo hm rapl aplrtĊotĊo fa

fuom suht prmgbjtlrb oab putmrhbjb ab
o lg u f u b è h j a r m s m v l r j l o pl r t a j lp b b b
hlŜtrb, gmjët juhlŜtbhŪmfm hlastrm gm parmhtbhn.
OAHBDMZW]F Yċ[BHWMF]B JA[MŘB J[MŘWM JLYBBB Zċ W[ċBAZJċ GBH YFBH
èhabh
èhabhtm
tm gm tlat
tlatm,
m, vrma
vrmauu sĊ Ŝtbb
Ŝtbb33 mŜtb
mŜtb bukb
bukbtt Ŝb gmoh
gmoh gm bukb
bukbrm,
rm, èŪb vmb
vmb ga smaoa
smaoa gm ajms
ajmstt fujru
fujru
gbh
gbh juvb
juvbht
htmf
mfmm Ŝb ajŪbu
ajŪbuhb
hbfm
fm omfm
omfm ‗ jmf oab oab ouft
ouft èhvĊ
èhvĊŪĊ
ŪĊo
o gmsp
gmsprm
rm bukb
bukbrm
rm gbh
gbh dmfu
dmfuff juo
juo tm
tratmz Ŝb juo oĊ tratmz pm obhm èhsuob.
Trmau sĊ tm raplrtmzb fa fuoma gbh cur, avëhg smhtbomhtuf prlprbmb vaflrb.
Tmb adfa
adfa jĊ mŜtb
mŜtb gmoh
gmoh gm bukb
bukbrm,
rm, gm apart
apartmhm
mhmhŪ
hŪĊĊ Ŝb ku
kuju
jurb
rbm,
m, gm dbmja
dbmjarm
rm gatĊ
gatĊ jëhg
jëhg l sĊ oĊ
vmzb prajtbjëhg jlopasbuhma daŪĊ gm sbhm Ŝb ajjmptëhgu-ob bopmrdmjŪbuhbfm.
Tlo mxmr
mxmrsa
sa jurac
juracuf
uf fa hlhlbb èh daobf
daobfbm,
bm, hm vl
vlo
o arĊt
arĊtaa jmfl
jmflrf
rfaf
afŪb
Ūb,, èb vl
vlo
o fĊsa
fĊsa sĊ hm vagĊ
vagĊ,, hm
vlo rmspmjta vufhmrakbfbtatma.
YA[MHWBHN-]F, MFMOMHW AF TBMūBB W[ċBWM GBH YFBH ;4>

YA[MHWBHN-]F,
Tlo sta gm vlrkĊ èhtrm hlb gmsprm gbdbjuftĊŪbfm Ŝb rmafbzĊ rbfm hlastrm. èhtltgmauha va db flj Ŝb
pmhtru uhmfm, Ŝb pmh tru jm fmfaftm , èh daobfba hlastrĊ .
Wm vlo èhvĊŪa sĊ ab jlopasbuhm, èh prbouf rëhg mxmrsëhg jlopasbuhma daŪĊ gm hlb èhŜbhm0 aplb daŪĊ gm jmbfafŪb.
Tlo stakbfb Ŝb rmspmjta fbobtm0 vlo puhm fa oarm prmŪ ouhja, spmrahŪa Ŝb pmrsmvmrmhŪa. Lgbeha Ŝb cljuf vlr db
atët vaflrb, jët Ŝb prajtbjb afm daobfbmb hlastrm.
Tmb èhvĊŪa sĊ dbb rmsplhsakbf Ŝb rmspmjtuls, lksmrvëhgu-hm dĊjëhg nrmŜmfb Ŝb èhjmrjëhg sĊ fm rmparĊo Ŝb, gm
asmomhma, lksmrvëhg dmfuf juo jmrmo gm fa jmbfafŪb jm hm trmkubm Ŝb juo vlrkbo gmsprm smhtbomhtmfm hlastrm.
Trmau sĊ juhlŜtb kujurba, astdmf èhjët sĊ prajtbjĊo rmjuhlŜtbhŪa èoprmuhĊ.
Trmau sĊ .sboŪb
sĊ .sboŪb kujurbm,
kujurbm, astdmf èhjët sĊ èhvĊŪĊo èoprmuhĊ sĊ dbo vufhmrakbfb.
Jëhg
Jëhg tm vmb vmb jlhdr
jlhdruh
uhta
ta ju hmsbhmsbnu
nurah
rahŪa
Ūa Ŝb omsa
omsacmf
cmfmm juft
juftur
urbb
bb hmou
hmoufŪ
fŪuo
uobr
brbb
bb,, èŪb
èŪb vmb
vmb tran
tranmm dlrŪ
dlrŪaa
gbh spbrbtuf jarm m partm a vbmŪbb hlastrm gm zb ju zb.
èopr
èoprmu
muhĊ
hĊ vlvloo pfëh
pfëhnm
nm Ŝb vl vloo èhdr
èhdruh
uhta
ta drbj
drbjaa Ŝb gu
gurmr
rmrma.
ma. Jebar
Jebar gajĊ-
gajĊ-ob
ob vl
vlbb gl
glrb
rb sĊ hu oab
oab
sudmrb, vlb sta fëhnĊ tbhm Ŝb tm vlb èhvĊŪa juo s-l sboŪb.
Tlo rëgm, vlo jëhta, vlo gahsa Ŝb vlo jrma èoprmuhĊ. Tlo putma db omrmu hlb èhŜbhm, èhtrm hlb. Bhgbdmrmht gm
jm sm va èhtëopfa, vmb aparŪbhm èhtltgmauha daobfbmb hlastrm. Ajuo, jĊ-Ūb èhjmpb avmhtura uhmb vbmŪb trĊbtm gbh
pfbh, jmf oab oarm gar pm jarm Ūb-f plt ga mstm sĊ trĊbmsj Ŝb sĊ bukmsj gbh tlt sudfmtu f Ŝb sĊ èhgrĊz hmsj ju lrbjm
prmŪ.
Atuhjb jëhg tm vlb èhvĊŪa jmva, jëhg èŪb vlb arĊta bukbrma oma, h-l vlb dajm pmrdmjt, gar vmb
putma sĊ oĊ vmzb aŜa ju o suht èh rm afbtatm , Ŝb vlb jlh sbgmra èhtltgma uha j a pm uh fuj ru
sdëht sĊ tm vĊg aŜa juo mŜtb èh rmafbtatm. ZĊ tm vĊg aŜa juo mŜtb tu èhsuŪb.
YlŪb gmsjĊrja
sjĊrja ajmst
ajmst oahbdms
oahbdmstt gm pm sbtm-u/
sbtm-u/omu.(wwwkrmhmkrlw/hjlo}.
lw/hjlo}.
NËHG][B GM ÈHJEMBM[M
Bopl
Boplrtrtah
ahtt hu m jmf jmf jm jrbt
jrbtbj
bjĊ0
Ċ0 hbjb
hbjb
ajmfa jarm aratĊ juo sm èopbmgbjĊ
l ou f p u t m r h b j s a u j a r m s p u h m
juo ar putma jmf jarm dajm uh
fujr
fujru
u sĊ-f
sĊ-f dajĊ
dajĊ oab oab kbhm
kbhm.. Fau
Fauga b
sm juvbhm jmfub jm sm adfĊ èh armhĊ,
a jĊrub daŪĊ m hĊjfĊbtĊ gm prad
sëhnm Ŝb suglarm0 jmfub jm sm
fupt
fuptĊ
Ċ ju ouft
ouft jura jurac0
c0 jmfu
jmfubb jarm
jarm gĊ
nrmŜ bar Ŝb bar, pmhtru jĊ hu mxbstĊ
mdlr
mdlrtt dĊrĊ
dĊrĊ nrnrmŜmŜmamafĊ
fĊ Ŝb hmac
hmacuhuhsu
surb
rb00
jmfub jm sm strĊgubmŜtm sĊ
èhdĊptubasjĊ
èhdĊpt ubasjĊ tlt jm trmkubm
trmku bm èhdĊptubt0
èhdĊpt ubt0
jmfu
jmfubb jm juhl
juhlaŜ
aŜtm
tm mhtu
mhtuzb
zbas
asou
ouff Ŝb
gmvl
gmvltao
taomhmhtuf
tuf Ŝb jarm
jarm sm gĊru
gĊrubmŜ
bmŜtm
tm
uhmb
uhmb jauz
jauzmm gmoh
gmohm m gm faug
faugĊ0
Ċ0 jmfu
jmfubb
jarm, èh jmfm gbh uroĊ, juhlaŜtm, èh
jmf oab kuh jaz, trbuoduf uhmb oĊrmŪm
rmafbzĊrb, bar èh jmf oab rĊu jaz, gajĊ
gĊ nr
nrmŜ
mŜ,, oĊjar
oĊjar nrnrmŜ
mŜmŜt
mŜtm
m glvm
glvmgb
gbhg
hg
uh jurac dĊrĊ fbobtm...
Wemlglrm [llsmvmft
ÈH JMFM HL]ċ F]HB, jët ob-a fuat sĊ aguh falfaftĊ, èhtr-l jartm, jm ao èhvĊŪat èh glbsprmzmjm
ahb gm jmrjmtarm, ao rmjbtbt ajmst pasac gm jmf puŪbh l sutĊ gm lrb. AgmvĊruf m jĊ oĊ èhtlrj fa mf,
jëhg ao ajjmsm gm durbm sau jëhg pfëhn gm gbspmrarm, nëhgbhgu-oĊ3 ‘Ylatm hu m, gm dapt, gmjët l
aburmafĊ", sau3 ‘Hu omrbtĊ sĊ dbb vufhmrakbf". [mjmht, ao suplrtat jëtmva jlomhtarbb omsjebhm
uh sbtm gm
ahlhbom pm uh sbtm gm Ŝtbrb, aŜa j-ao fuat dlaba ju jbtatuf gm uhgm l prbhsmsmo ‗ gmasupra
kbrlufub omu ‗ ju pbl hmzm Ŝb o-a o rĊst bt fa ma3 ‘ GajĊ hu jlh tmazĊ jrbtbjb fm, gm jm, tltuŜb, glr at ët
gm ouft<" Eërtba hu ob-a rĊ spuhs.
;>9
èh tbop jm èhjĊ oab mrao ju ma èh oëhĊ, ob-ao aobhtbt gm l jlhvmrsaŪbm pm jarm ao avut-l ju uh tëhĊr trmjut ju puŪbh gm
gluĊzmjb gm ahb. Ob-a spus jĊ pĊrbhŪbb èb trbobsmsmrĊ fbh`-ue
trbobsmsmrĊ fbh`-ue ju
ju jlhdmrbhŪmfm omfm WMG Ŝb-b pfĊjusm dlartm ouft bgmma vbmŪbb
bgmma vbmŪbb
trĊbtm gbh pfbh Ŝb
pfbh Ŝb ajmma gm a èhgrĊzhb ju lrbjm prmŪ. Jëhg ob-a spus jĊ gbsjursurbfm omfm èf bhspbrasmrĊ sĊ-b spuhĊ dmtmb ju
jarm sm èhtëfhma gm jëtmva fuhb jĊ l bukma, ao trmsĊrbt Ŝb ob-ao glrbt ja plvmstma fub sĊ abkĊ uh dbhaf dmrbjbt.
Gbh pĊjatm, h-a dlst aŜa. Bukbta èb spusmsm jĊ-f jlhsbgmra ‘uh kĊrkat hmoabplomhbt", gar jĊ ma jrmgma jĊ mra jazuf sĊ sm
oab èhtëfhmasjĊ Ŝb ju aftm pmrslahm. GupĊ jm vlrkbsm gmsprm smhtbomhtm ju prbmtmha fub, sm èhtlrsmsm ajasĊ Ŝb fm spusmsm Ŝb
jmflr glb jlfmnb gm apartaomht jm b sm èhtëopfasm3 ‘AjmŜtba stĊtmau èh daŪa faptlpufub Ŝb, dĊrĊ sĊ sm ubtm fa obhm, uhuf
gbhtrm mb a zbs glar atët3 «Jm-a dlst, kĊ, èh obhtma ta<°" ]huf gbhtrm jlfmnb èb spusmsm jĊ dmtmflr fm pfaj huoab kĊrkaŪbb jarm
fm Ūbh fa gbstahŪĊ. WëhĊruf s-a ubtat fa obhm Ŝb ob-a spus3 ‘BhbŪbaf, o-ao sboŪbt ja uh prlst. Ymhtru l jfbpĊ, ao dlst durbls pm
obhm èhsuob Ŝb jebar uh pbj supĊrat pm guohmavlastrĊ. Gar, gupĊ jm o-ao oab nëhgbt, ob-ao aobhtbt gm jm dĊjusmo asta.
Fm-ao spus jlfmnbflr gm apartaomht3 «Ao èhgrĊzhbt ju lrbjm prmŪ, kĊ°."
Ob-a spus, zëokbhg3 ‘Z-au lprbt gbh tastat, s-au ubtat fa obhm, au gat gbh jap Ŝb au zbs, «Aea.
Kravl, kĊ!°"
A èhgrĊzhb ju lrbjm prmŪ h-arm fmnĊturĊ ju vbjtlrba sau èhdrëhnmrma. èh msmhŪĊ, m vlrka gmsprm jurac. èhtr-l fuom globhatĊ
gm juftura hmoufŪuobrbb Ŝb gm ruŜbhm, Ŝb èh jarm a-Ūb db tmaoĊ a gmvmhbt a glua hlastrĊ haturĊ, vufhmrakbfbtatma m jmva
sukvmrsbv. Jmva bhjlhdlrtakbf. Mstm Ŝb jao pmrbjuflasĊ, jëtmlgatĊ. Řb, dĊrĊ èhglbafĊ, a hm mxpuhm pm hlb èhŜbhm prmsupuhm
uh rbsj oab oarm gm a db rĊhbŪb. Ju tlatm ajmstma, jëhg oĊ nëhgmsj fa vbaŪa oma, fa jm a èhsmohat pmhtru obhm sĊ
èhgrĊzhmsj ju lrbjm
prmŪ, plt sp uhm j u sbhjm rbtatm jĊ hbob j hu m fa dmf g m bhjl hdlrta kbf, gm pmrbj ufls Ŝb gurmrl s, gm jët sĊ stab Ŝ b sĊ tm në hgmŜtb
NËHG][B GM ÈHJEMBM[M
;>1
fa vbaŪa ta Ŝb sĊ tm èhtrmkb juo ar db dlst, gaj-ab db avut juracuf sĊ tm arĊŪb jmflrfafŪb aŜa juo mŜtb tu, èh rmafbtatm.
AŜagar, glohufm prmŜmgbhtm [llsmvmft... jrmg j-aŪb pus puhjtuf pm ‘b". èhtr-agmvĊr, ‘pmhtru jĊ hu mxbstĊ mdlrt dĊrĊ
nrmŜmafĊ Ŝb hmacuhsurb", hu mxbstĊ hbjb trbuod dĊrĊ vufhmrakbfbtatm. Ajuoa, gm dbmjarm gatĊ jëhg jbtmsj ajmst dranomht,
jebar Ŝb jëhg oĊ rmsbot gupĊ flvbturbfm prbobtm, èob vbhm èh obhtm3 ‘Kravl, kĊ!"
AHMUċ
Ab èhjrmgmrm èh jmma jm spuh gatmfm.
Wmlrba mfaklrĊrbb prlnrmsbvm Ŝb
prljmsuf omu gm jmrjmtarm
Jaobhahtm, hl eay jahtbhl, sm
eajm jaobhl af ahgar.
JĊfĊtlrufm, hu-b jafm, sm dajm jafma
uokfëhg.
AJMZW TM[Z AF YLMW]F]B ZYAHBLF Ahtlhbl Oajeagl surprbhgm spbrbtuf prljmsufub omu gm jmrjmtarm Ŝb tmlrbbfm
jarm au rmbmŜbt gbh ajmst prljms. BhbŪbaf, ao plrhbt fa gruo, pm jmma jm ao jrmzut jĊ mra l jafm kbhmjuhlsjutĊ, ja sĊ
gmsjlpĊr gatm mopbrbjm gmsprm jmma jm jlhsbgmrao agmvĊrat. Jurëhg, ob-ao gat smaoa jĊ a èhtrmprbhgm l jmrjmtarm
jmhtratĊ pm jmma jm mstm boplrtaht pmhtru partbjbpahŪbb fa stugbb ‗ tmlrba mfaklratĊ prlnrmsbv ‗ èhsmaohĊ jĊ hu mxbstĊ l
jafm nata kĊtĊtlrbtĊ Ŝb, ju sbnurahŪĊ, h-ab gm uhgm sĊ Ŝtbb jm vmb gmsjlpmrb.
Jmfm oab gbdbjbfm prlvljĊrb fa jarm trmkubm sĊ rĊspuhgĊ jmrjmtĊtlruf jarm-Ŝb mfaklrmazĊ prlnrmsbv
tmlrba suht3
1. ZĊ rmjuhlasjĊ daptuf jĊ m jvasb-boplsbkbf sĊ èhŪmfmanĊ omtlglflnba
omtlglflnba tmlrbmb mfaklratm prlnrmsbv,
èhabhtm gm a l dlflsb0
;. ZĊ abkĊ juracuf gm a-b fĊsa pm partbjbpahŪbb fa jmrjmtarm sĊ gmdbhmasjĊ mb èhŜbŜb prlkfmoa stugbatĊ,
Ŝb
:. ZĊ rmhuhŪm fa prlprbbfm bhtmrmsm Ŝb bgmb prmjlhjmputm, ja sĊ abkĊ ‘èhjrmgmrm èh jmma jm spuh
gatmfm".
;>7
Brlhbj ‗ sau platm jĊ hu ‗, mxajt ajmfmaŜb suht prlvljĊrbfm uhmb vbmŪb trĊbtm ju gmpfbh jurac,
èhgrĊzhbhg ju lrbjm prmŪ.
Oab cls, prmzbht uh rmzuoat af jmrjmtĊrbb omfm3 gmsbnh, omtlglflnbm, mŜahtblharm Ŝb prljmsmfm gm jlgarm. èhabhtm gm a
vlrkb gmsprm mfm, vrmau sĊ fm oufŪuomsj fub Karhmy Nfasmr Ŝb Ahsmfo Ztrauss, pmhtru ouhja flr gm pblhbmrat èh glomhbuf
jmrjmtĊrbb jafbtatbvm Ŝb pmhtru jĊ au gmzvlftat omtlglflnba tmlrbmb mfaklratm prlnrmsbv. Fub Karhmy Nfasmr, èb oufŪuomsj Ŝb
pmhtru j-a d lst gm ajlrg sĊ sm gmpfasm zm gb h Jafbd lrhba pëhĊ fa Elus tlh, pmhtru a daj m pa rtm gb h jlob tmtuf gm susŪ bhmrm a
tmzmb omfm gm gljtlrat3 Karhmy, ob-ab sjebokat olguf èh jarm vĊg fuoma.
Avmhtura uhmb jmrjmtĊrb
Ym vrmoma jëhg èob sjrbao tmza gm gljtlrat, mrao atrasĊ gm slfbgbtatma stugbufub statbstbj, gm jagruf rbnurls af jmrjmtĊrbb
jahtbtatbvm, gar jmf oab ouft oĊ rmnĊsmao èh klnĊŪba Ŝb prlduhzboma jmrjmtĊrbb
jafbtatbvm. èob pfajm fa hmkuhbm sĊ spuh plvmŜtb, bar bgmma jĊ plŪb sĊ dajb jmrjmtarm, surprbhzëhg
msmhŪa uhmb plvmŜtb gm vbaŪĊ, ob s-a pĊrut brmzbstbkbfĊ. YlvmŜtbfm gm vbaŪĊ suht gatm ŜtbbhŪbdbjm
‘èhsudfmŪbtm", Ŝb hbjb l omtlglflnbm hu gĊ smaoa gm ajmst fujru oab kbhm, gmjët tmlrba mfaklrĊrbb
prlnrm sbvm. Yrbhjb pbuf t mlrbmb mfaklr Ċrbb prlnrm sbvm m stm aj mfa jĊ gm zvlfŪb tmlrbb plrhbh g gm f a
mxpmrbmhŪmfm rmafm gm vbaŪĊ afm laomhbflr lkbŜhubŪb, oab gmnrakĊ gmjët sĊ jlhdbrob sau sĊ bhdbrob
tmlrbbfm mxbstmhtm.
Drmg @mrfbhnmr,
@mrfbhnmr, jmrjmtĊtlr
jmrjmtĊtlr èh glomhbuf
glomhbuf ŜtbbhŪmflr
ŜtbbhŪmflr jloplrtaomhtaf
jloplrtaomhtafm,
m, gmdbhmŜtm
gmdbhmŜtm l tmlrbm grmpt ‘uh smt gm jlhstrujtm,
jlhstrujtm,
jlhjmptm, gmdbhbŪbb sau prlplzbŪbb bhtmrjlhmjtatm, jarm prmzbhtĊ l vbzbuhm sbstmoatbjĊ asupra uhlr dmhlomhm, spmjbdbjëhg
rmfaŪbb èhtrm varbakbfm, pmhtru a mxpfbja rmspmjtbvmfm dmhlomhm Ŝb a dajm prmgbjŪbb gmsprm mfm". Yuhjtuf gm plrhbrm, èh tmlrba
mfaklrĊrbb prlnrmsbvm, hu mstm l prlkfmoĊ, l bpltmzĊ, hbjb rmvbzubrma
AB ÈHJ[MGM[M ÈH JMMA JM ZY]H GAWMFM

;>=
fbtmraturbb gm spmjbafbtatm, jb l tmoĊ ahuom gm jmrjmtarm. Oab gmpartm, èb fĊsĊo pm partbjbpahŪb sĊ

gmdbhmasjĊ prlkfmoa sau jmma jm-b prmljupĊ èh fmnĊturĊ ju tmoa rmspmjtbvĊ, aplb gmzvlftĊo l
tmlrbm, bar èh dbhaf dajmo jlhmxbuhb ju jmfmfaftm jmrjmtĊrb gbh glomhbu.
Hu o-a o apuj at gm fa kuh èhjmput sĊ stu gbmz ruŜbhma ‗ uha gbhtrm jmfm oab jl opfmxm molŪbb pm ja rm fm putmo trĊb ( gajĊ
hu jebar jma oab jlopfmxĊ). A dlst hmvlbm gm Ŝasm ahb, ja s-l èhŪmfmn ‗ l molŪbm atët gm putmrhbjĊ, èhjët sbopfa
juvëhtufub ruŜbhm gmjfahŜmazĊ
omhŪblharm a juvëhtufub ruŜbhm gmjfahŜmazĊ fa bhtmrfljutlrb l rmajŪbm gm gbsjlhdlrt Ŝb mvbtarm. DĊrĊ sĊ kĊhubmsj uhgm avmao
sĊ acuhn, fa èhjmput, ao dlst bhtmrmsatĊ sĊ adfu oab ouftm gmsprm ahatloba fmnĊturbflr admjtbvm prlduhgm.
GupĊ jbhsprmzmjm ahb gm stugbb èh glomhbuf asbstmhŪmb sljbafm, mrao sbnurĊ gm uh fujru3 fmnĊturbfm
admjtbvm prlduhgm suht ajmfma jarm daj ja vbaŪa sĊ abkĊ rlst. Bgmma jĊ fmnĊturbfm admjtbvm prlduhgm
ljupĊ uh flj jmhtraf èh vbaŪa hlastrĊ a dlst jlhdbroatĊ, atuhjb jëhg stugbbfm au arĊtat jĊ prbhjbpafa
prmlj uparm a lao mhbflr m tma oa gm èhstrĊ bharm0 tmaoa jĊ jm ma j m ao dĊjut sau h -ao rm uŜbt sĊ
dajmo, jmva jm arm fmnĊturĊ ju jbhm suhtmo sau ju fljuf gm uhgm vmhbo, hm dajm sĊ hu dbo gmohb
gm bukbrm Ŝb gm fmnĊturb admjtbvm prlduhgm. Ao adfat jĊ putmo gmpĊŜb ajmastĊ nrbcĊ, èhŪmfmnëhgu-hm
prlprb bfm vu fhmrak bfbtĊŪb Ŝb juf tbvëhg mopatba , ju racuf Ŝb jlop asbuhma ‗ jmm a jm mu huo msj
‘rmzbfbmhŪĊ fa ruŜbhm".
GupĊ jm ao mfaklrat l tmlrbm a rmzbfbmhŪmb fa ruŜbhm Ŝb ao èhŪmfms mdmjtuf pm jarm-f arm juftura
hmoufŪuobrbb asupra vbmŪbb hlastrm, ao vrut sĊ aprlduhgmz ajmst sukbmjt. Yrlkfmoa mstm jĊ hu plŪb
adfa dlartm ouftm fujrurb gmsprm ruŜbhm Ŝb juftura hmoufŪuobrbb huoab puhëhg èhtrmkĊrb gmsprm
ruŜbhm Ŝb juftura hmoufŪuobrbb. Avmao hmvlbm gm l aftĊ aklrgarm, pmhtru a èhŪmfmnm ajm stm
mxpmrbmhŪm. Atuhjb ob-a vmhbt bgmma sĊ èopruout jëtmva prbhjbpbb gbh jebobm.
;>4
èh jebobm, Ŝb èh spmjbaf èh tmrolgbhaobjĊ, gajĊ sukstahŪa sau prlprbmtatma pm jarm vrmb s-l oĊslrb mstm prma vlfatbfĊ, trmkubm
sĊ rmjurnb, gmsmlrb, fa oĊsurĊtlrb bhgbrmjtm. YlŪb oĊsura ajma prlprbmtatm jlokbhëhg Ŝb rmgujëhg aftm sukstahŪm, oab puŪbh
vlfatbfm, ju l strujturĊ jebobjĊ aprlpbatĊ, pëhĊ jëhg rmfaŪbbfm gbhtrm sukstahŪm Ŝb trahsdlroĊrbfm lkŪbhutm jlhstbtubm l
oĊsurĊtlarm a prlprbmtĊŪbb pm jarm vrmb s-l stugbmzb. Bgmma oma mra jĊ putmao adfa oab ouftm gmsprm ruŜbhm Ŝb gmsprm juftura
hmoufŪuobrbb, mxpflrëhg jmma jm mxbstĊ èh aksmhŪa flr.
Řtbu jarm suht trĊbrbfm Ŝb rmajŪbbfm laomhbflr, jëhg sm jlhdruhtĊ ju ruŜbhma. Gar jm sbot, jm daj Ŝb fa
jm sm nëhgmsj laomhbb, atuhjb jëhg hu au faoa juŪbtufub ruŜbhbb fa nët, aomhbhŪëhgu-b jĊ hu suht
gmohb gm fmnĊturb admjtbvm prlduhgm< Juo rmuŜmsj uhbb gbhtrm smomhbb hlŜtrb, trĊbhg èh ajmmaŜb
jufturĊ a hmoufŪuobrbb, sĊ-Ŝb pĊstrmzm jlhvbhnmrma jĊ mb èhŜbŜb suht gm acuhs< Řtbao jĊ mxbstĊ
asmomhma laomhb, pmhtru jĊ b-ao bhtmrvbmvat, bar èhtëopfĊrbfm rmfatatm gm mb o-au acutat mhlro sĊ
èhŪmfmn mopatba Ŝb rmzbfbmhŪa fa ruŜbhm.
èhabhtm sĊ oĊ èhtlrj fa jufmnmrma gatmflr, ob-ao huobt ajmst stugbu ‘a trĊb gbh pfbh". JĊutao kĊrkaŪb Ŝb dmomb jarm trĊbau Ŝb
bukmau gbh pfbh, èh jbuga rbsjurbflr Ŝb a hmsbnurahŪmb. Tlbao sĊ Ŝtbu jm avmau mb èh jlouh. Jarm mrau prmljupĊrbfm oaclrm Ŝb
jarm mrau tbparmfm Ŝb tmomfm jarm fm gmdbhmau olguf gm a
gm a trĊb gbh pfbh< Ao
pfbh< Ao vlrkbt gmsprm jlhjfuzbbfm ajmstub stugbu èh jartma
Garurbfm bopmrdmjŪb uhbb.
Tufhmrakbfbtatma, gupĊ juo a rmbmŜbt gbh gatm, mstm uh jlhjmpt duhgaomhtaf èh jmrjmtarma oma. Mstm l jloplhmhtĊ msmhŪbafĊ
atët èh stugbuf omu gmsprm ruŜbhm, jët Ŝb èh jmf gmsprm l
gmsprm l vbaŪĊ trĊbtĊ gbh pfbh. Jebar Ŝb èh tmza oma gm gljtlrat, jarm
aklrgmazĊ fmnĊturbfm admjtbvm prlduhgm, uh japbtlf m gmgbjat vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb. Ao èhŪmfms rmfaŪbbfm gbhtrm vufhmrakbfbtatm Ŝb
rmstuf molŪbbflr pm jarm fm-ao stugbat, èhsĊ, gupĊ ahb gm zbfm èh jarm ao aprlduhgat tlatm ajmstm fujrurb, ao vrut sĊ Ŝtbu oab
ouftm
;>>
gmsprm vufhmrakbfbtatm Ŝb juo ‘duhjŪblhmazĊ" ma. Wmlrba jarm a rmzuftat gbh ajmastĊ jmrjmtarm dajm
sukbmjtuf jĊrŪbb gm daŪĊ.
Yfahuf gm jmrjmtarm
AŜa juo ao aobhtbt, tmlrba mfaklrĊrbb prlnrmsbvm, jlhjmputĊ gm Nfasmr Ŝb Ztrauss Ŝb èokuhĊtĊŪbtĊ
gm Nfasmr, o-a bhspbrat èh mfaklrarma pfahufub gm jmrjmtarm pmhtru stugbbfm omfm. Wmlrba mfaklrĊrbb
prlnrms bvm sm jlhstbt ubm gb h jbhjb jloplhm htm du hgaomht afm3 s mhzbtb vbtatma tmlrmt bjĊ, mŜahtb lharma
tmlrmtbjĊ, jlgarma, èhsmohĊrbfm tmlrmtbjm Ŝb trbmrma. Jmfm jbhjb jloplhmhtm au dlst bhtmnratm prbh
omtlga jloparaŪbmb jlhstahtm gbh ahafbza gatmflr. Zjlpuf jmrjmtĊrbb a dlst èhŪmfmnmrma
‘prbhjbpafmflr prmljupĊrb" afm partbjbpahŪbflr fa stugbb, èh fmnĊturĊ ju sukbmjtuf mxaobhat (gm
mxmopfu, ruŜbhma, vbaŪa trĊbtĊ gbh pfbh, vufhmrakbfbtatma). GupĊ jm ao smsbzat jarm mrau prmljupĊrbfm
rmspmjtbvm, prmfujrëhg gatmfm, ao mfaklrat l tmlrbm jarm mxpfbjĊ èh jm olg partbjbpahŪbb fa stugbb gau
jurs ajmstlr prmljupĊrb èh vbmŪbfm flr gm zb ju zb.
Ztakbfbrma gm mŜahtblahm
MŜahtblharma tmlrmtbjĊ ‗ prljmsuf gm jlfmjtarm a gatmflr, jarm pmrobtm nmhmrarma uhmb tmlrbb ‗
mstm omtlga prbhjbpafĊ gm m Ŝahtblharm dlflsbtĊ èh ajmst stugbu. Atuhjb jëhg sm dlflsmŜtm
mŜahtblharma tmlrmtbjĊ, jmrjmtĊtlruf jlhjlobtmht jlfmjtmazĊ, jlgmazĊ Ŝb ahafbzmazĊ gatmfm lkŪbhutm,
Ŝb dlflsmŜtm ajmst prljms èh jlhtbhuu, pmhtru a gmtmrobha jm gatm sĊ jlfmjtmzm oab gmpartm Ŝb uhgm
sĊ fm jautm. Jlhdlro mŜahtblhĊrbb tmlrmtbjm, ao smfmjtat partbjbpahŪbb pm kaza ahafbzmb Ŝb jlgĊrbb
bhtmrvburbflr Ŝb gatmflr smjuhgarm.
]h prbhjbpbu boplrtaht af tmlrbmb mfaklrĊrbb prlnrmsbvm mstm3 jmrjmtĊtlrbb hu trmkubm sĊ dajĊ

prmsupu hmrb ju prb vbrm f a rmf mvahŪa gatmfl r prb vbtlarm fa bgm htbtatm a suk bmjŪbfl r ‗ ra sĊ, s mx,
;> 5 J ][ AC] FG MA DB T ]F HM
HM [A KB F
lrbmhtarm smxuafĊ, jfasĊ, akbfbtĊŪb. Ju tlatm jĊ h-ao dĊjut prmsupuhmrb èh fmnĊturĊ ju rmfmvahŪa
ajmstlr varbakbfm, mŜahtblharma nebgatĊ gm rmsplhgmhŪb (pm kaza uhlr bhdlroaŪbb rmfmvahtm gmsprm
bgmhtbtatma sukbmjŪbflr) a dlst dlflsbtĊ Ŝb ma, afĊturb gm mŜahtblharma tmlrmtbjĊ, pmhtru a narahta
gbvmrsbtatma partbjbpahŪbflr fa bhtmrvburb. èh ahuobtm mtapm afm jmrjmtĊrbb omfm, gatmfm rmdmrbtlarm fa
bgmhtbtatma sukbmjŪbflr au rmbmŜbt ja dbbhg rmfmvahtm, bar èh ajmstm jazurb, ao jlokbhat mŜahtblharma
nebgatĊ gm rmsplhgmhŪb ju jma tmlrmtbjĊ. Ajlfl uhgm bgmhtbtatma hu mra rmfmvahtĊ, ao dlflsbt
mxjfusbv mŜahtblharma tmlrmtbjĊ.
Ao bhtmrvbmvat >=9 gm dmomb, gbhtrm jarm èh cur gm 7:% s-au gmjfarat gm rasĊ afkĊ, :9% adrl- aomrbjahm, 15% ebspahbjm, bar
2%, gm lrbnbhm asbatbjĊ. YartbjbpahŪbb gm smx dmombmsj au avut vërstm juprbhsm èhtrm 15 Ŝb 55 gm ahb, ju l omgbm gm 71 gm ahb.
Ao bhtmrvbmvat =:9 gm kĊrkaŪb, gbhtrm jarm aprlxboatbv 79% s-au gmjfarat gm rasĊ afkĊ, ;=% adrl-aomrbjahb, ;9%
ebspahbjb, 1=%, gm lrbnbhm asbatbjĊ. Tërsta omgbm a kĊrkaŪbflr a dlst gm 74 gm ahb (partbjbpahŪbb avëhg èhtrm 15 Ŝb 59 gm ahb).
Ju tlatm jĊ omtlglflnba mfaklrĊrbb prlnrmsbvm jlhgujm gmsmlrb fa saturaŪbm tmlrmtbjĊ (puhjtuf èh jarm hu sm oab
nmhmrmazĊ hlb jlhjmptm, bar jmrjmtĊtlruf agujm èh olg rmpmtat glvmzb èh sprbcbhuf jatmnlrbbflr safm jlhjmptuafm), atuhjb
jëhg huoĊruf partbjbpahŪbflr mstm ju ouft oab obj gmjët jmf gbh stugbbfm omfm ‗ 1.;59 ‗, ao lkŪbhut trmb tmlrbb, ju
ouftbpfm jatmnlrbb jmhtrafm Ŝb huomrlasm prlprbmtĊŪb asljbatm dbmjĊrmb jatmnlrbb. Hatura jlopfmxĊ, klnatĊ èh huahŪm, a
rmzbfbmhŪmb fa ruŜbhm, a vbmŪbb trĊbtm gbh pfbh Ŝb a vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb au hmjmsbtat uh astdmf gm mŜahtblh juprbhzĊtlr.
]h prbhjbpbu jmhtraf af tmlrbmb mfaklrĊrbb prlnrmsbvm mstm ajmfa jĊ ‘tltuf rmprmzbhtĊ gatm ŜtbbhŪbdbjm".
Nfasmr sjrbm3 ‘Lrbjm fujru pm jarm-f èhtëfhmŜtm jmrjmtĊtlruf èh glomhbuf sĊu gm jmrjmtarm, gm fa jmf
oab obj jlomhtarbu dĊjut gm sukbmjt, pëhĊ fa jmf oab fuhn bhtmrvbu, sau tmxtm apĊrutm èh rmvbstm,
jĊrŪb, gljuomhtm,

;>2
zbarm, lksmrvaŪbb, sau jebar gbstlrsbuhb bhtrlgusm gm jmrjmtĊtlr Ŝb gm jmbfafŪb, sau varbakbfm-parazbt,
tlatm plt db dlflsbtm èhtr-l tmlrbm a mfaklrĊrbb prlnrmsbvm"
Ym fëhnĊ bhtmrvburbfm fuatm ajmstlr 1.;59 gm partbjbpahŪb, ao ahafbzat hltmfm gm lksmrvaŪbm, pm jarm fm-ao dĊjut pm
oarnbhma uhlr stugbb mdmjtuatm pm tmom aprlpbatm jmflr stugbatm gm obhm Ŝb gupĊ gbsjuŪbb ju mxpmrŪb gbh glomhbu, Ŝb
hltmfm gm lksmrvaŪbm dĊjutm gupĊ èhtëfhbrbfm ju oastmrahzb Ŝb gljtlrahzb, jarm au fuat bhtmrvburb Ŝb o-au acutat sĊ
ahafbzmz fbtmratura ŜtbbhŪbdbjĊ. èh pfus, ao èhrmnbstrat Ŝb jlgat aftm hltm gm lksmrvaŪbm, dĊjutm èh uroa gbsjuŪbbflr gm fa
jursurbfm omfm gmsprm ruŜbhm, vufhmrakbfbtatm Ŝb mopatbm ‗ fa jarm au partbjbpat aprlxboatbv 799 gm oastmrahzb Ŝb
gljtlrahzb
gljtlrahzb gbh glomhbuf asbstmhŪmb
asbstmhŪmb sljbafm ‗ Ŝb èh uroa prmnĊtbrbb
prmnĊtbrbb a jbrja 1=.999 gm spmjbafbŜtb
spmjbafbŜtb èh glomhbuf
gmpmhgmhŪmb Ŝb af sĊhĊtĊŪbb obhtafm.
Ao jlgat, gm asmomhma, pmstm :.=99 gm gatm smjuhgarm, abjb bhjfuzëhg stugbb jfbhbjm gm jaz Ŝb
hltbŪm fuatm pm parjursuf flr, sjrbslrb Ŝb panbhb gm curhaf. èh tltaf, ao jlgat pmstm 11.999 gm rmfatĊrb
(drazm Ŝb prlplzbŪbb gbh hltmfm gm lksmrvaŪbm lrbnbhafm), dlflsbhg omtlga jloparaŪbmb jlhstahtm
(ahafbzĊ rëhg- ju-rëhg). WlatĊ ajmastĊ jlgarm ao rmafbzat-l oahuaf, dbbhgjĊ, èh tmlrba mfaklrĊrbb
prlnrms bvm, hu sm rmjloa hgĊ sĊ dlflsmŜ tb prl nraom gm jaf jufat lr.
Ao jlfmjtat mu èhsĊob tlatm ajmstm gatm ‗ ju mxjmpŪba uhub huoĊr gm ;1= bhtmrvburb fuatm gm oastmrahzb Ŝb gljtlrahzb èh
asbstmhŪa sljbafĊ, jarm au fujrat suk gbrmjta oma supravmnemrm. Ymhtru a asbnura dbgmfbtatma bhtmr-mvafuatlrb, b-ao prmnĊtbt mu
èhsĊob pm tlŪb asbstmhŪbb gm jmrjmtarm Ŝb ao jlgat Ŝb ahafbzat tlatm hltmfm flr gm lksmrvaŪbm.
Aprl
Aprlxb
xboat
oatbv
bv cuoĊ
cuoĊtatatm
tm gbh
gbh tlat
tlatmm ajmst
ajmstmm bhtm
bhtmrv
rvbu
burb
rb au dlst
dlst èhtë
èhtëfh
fhbr
brbb bhgb
bhgbvb
vbgu
guafm
afm,, rmstu
rmstuff au dlst
dlst dĊjut
dĊjutmm
èh nrupurb gm gluĊ, trmb sau oab ouftm pmrslahm. Gurata uhub bhtmrvbu a varbat èhtrm
;59
7= gm obhutm Ŝb trmb lrm, dbbhg, èh omgbm, gm 49 gm obhutm. Ao dlflsbt bhtmrvbuf gm tbp jlhvmrsaŪbm acustatĊ, dbbhgjĊ mstm
jlhsbgmrat jma oab mdbjbmhtĊ aklrgarm a bhtmrvbufub, jlhdlro tmlrbmb mfaklrĊrbb prlnrmsbvm.
Jlgarma
Ao dlflsbt omtlga jloparaŪbmb jlhstahtm, pmhtru ahafbzarma rëhg-ju-rëhg a gatmflr, aplb ao

jlhjmput èhsmohĊrb, pmhtru a surprbhgm astdmf jlhjmptmfm sunmratm gm gatm Ŝb rmfaŪbbfm gbhtrm mfm.
Ahafbza s-a jlhjmhtrat asupra bgmhtbdbjĊrbb prbhjbpafmflr prmljupĊrb afm partbjbpahŪbflr Ŝb a uhmb
varbakbfm jmhtrafm. Ym oĊsurĊ jm ao rmafbzat bhtmrvburbfm supfbomhtarm, ob-ao rmjlhjmptuafbzat
jatmnlrbbfm Ŝb ao bgmhtbdbjat prlprbmtĊŪbfm asljbatm dbmjĊrmb jatmnlrbb. Ao dlflsbt jlgarma smfmjtbvĊ,
jëhg au rmbmŜbt jlhjmptmfm jmhtrafm, bar gatmfm hu au oab agus hbobj hlu, èh jmma jm prbvmŜtm
jatmnlrbbfm Ŝb prlprbmtĊŪbfm flr.
JmrjmtĊtlrbb jarm uromazĊ olgmfuf tmlrbmb mfaklrĊrbb prlnrmsbvm trmkubm sĊ-Ŝb dlroufmzm jlhjmptmfm, dajëhgu-fm sĊ gmrbvm
gbh gatmfm lkŪbhutm. AjmastĊ aklrgarm mstm dlartm gbdmrbtĊ gm omtlgmfm jafbtatbvm tragbŪblhafm, jarm jlhguj fa gmsjlpmrbrb pm
kaza uhlr g msjrbm rb j lopfmxm afm ga tmflr Ŝb dlr oufĊrbf lr par tbjbpa hŪbflr. Ymhtr u a mf aklra jlhjm ptm pr mjuo ruŜbhm a, vba Ūa
trĊbtĊ gbh pfbh Ŝb vufhmrakbfbtatma, Ŝb pmhtru a bgmhtbdbja prbhjbpafmfm prmljupĊrb afm partbjbpahŪbflr èh fmnĊturĊ ju ajmstma, ao
ahafbzat gatmfm rëhg-ju-rëhg, avëhg èh obhtm èhtrmkĊrbfm3
• Jm ahuom gmsjrbu partbjbpah
partbjbpahŪbb<
Ūbb<
• Jm jlhtmazĊ
jlhtmazĊ ju agmvĊrat pmhtru
pmhtru mb<
• Jm ahuom
ahuom èb èhnrbclrmazĊ
èhnrbclrmazĊ<<
• Jm èhjmarjĊ
èhjmarjĊ mb sĊ dajĊ<
• Jarm mstm mxpfbjaŪba gbdmrbtmflr jloplrtaomhtm, nëhgurb Ŝb ajŪbuhb afm flr<
AB ÈHJ[MGM[M ÈH JMMA JM ZY]H GAWMFM ;51
Gbh
Gbh hlhlu,
u, ao dlfl dlflsb
sbtt omtl
omtlgaga jlop
jlopararaŪb
aŪbmb
mb jlhs
jlhsta
taht
htm,
m, pmht
pmhtru
ru a rmmx
rmmxao
aobh
bhaa gatm
gatmfm
fm gbh
gbh pmrsp
pmrspmjt
mjtbv
bvaa
jatmnlrbbflr jarm au rmbmŜbt gbh stugbb Ŝb a prlprbmtĊŪbflr ajmstlra.
Ahafbza fbtmraturbb gm spmjbafbtatm
Gbh ajmfmaŜb oltbvm pmhtru jarm jmrjmtĊtlruf, uroëhg omtlga tmlrbmb mfaklrĊrbb prlnrmsbvm, pmrobtm ja prlkfmoa jmrjmtatĊ
sĊ dbm gmsjlpmrbtĊ plrhbhg gm fa gatmfm lkŪbhutm, m hmjmsar ja, gupĊ mfaklrarma tmlrbmb, sĊ dbm mxaobhatm jmrjmtĊrbfm
smohbdbjatbvm mdmjtuatm ahtmrblr.
AjmastĊ ahafbzĊ a fbtmraturbb gm spmjbafbtatm, jarm sm dajm atët èh jmrjmtarma jahtbtatbvĊ, jët Ŝb èh jma jafbtatbvĊ tragbŪblhafĊ,
smrvmŜtm grmpt suplrt af gmsjlpmrbrbflr dĊjutm, suk gukfu aspmjt3 èh prbouf rëhg, ahafbza fbtmraturbb gm spmjbafbtatm mstm
dĊjutĊ pmhtru a susŪbhm hmjmsbtatma uhub hlu stugbu, pm uroĊ stugbuf mstm mdmjtuat Ŝb sm lkŪbh bgmb hlb0 èh af glbfma rëhg,
ahafbza fbtmraturbb gm spmjbafbtatm susŪbhm hluf stugbu, gmolhstrëhg jarm mstm jlhtrbkuŪba ajmstuba fa glomhbuf gm jmrjmtarm
af rmspmjtbvufub lo gm ŜtbbhŪĊ.
èhtr-l tmlrbm a mfaklrĊrbb prlnrmsbvm, gatmfm susŪbh tmlrba, bar ahafbza fbtmraturbb gm spmjbafbtatm dajm partm gbh gatm. Ao
gmsjlpmrbt dlartm rmpmgm jĊ jmrjmtĊtlrbb gbh glomhbuf tmlrbmb mfaklrĊrbb prlnrmsbvm hu plt mxaobha stugbb ahtmrblarm, plrhbhg
gm fa bgmma3 ‘Ao lkŪbhut l tmlrbm, ob-ao èhjembat ouhja, gar juo sm pltrbvmŜtm ju jmfmfaftm jmrjmtĊrb<" èh sjebok, ajmŜtba
trmkubm sĊ èhŪmfmanĊ daptuf jĊ mxaobharma stugbbflr ahtmrblarm mstm, èh rmafbtatm, l ahafbzĊ jarm hu rmprmzbhtĊ uh prljms
smparat gm jmrjmtarma flr, jb l jlhtbhuarm a ajmstmba.
[mdmrbhŪmfm Ŝb jmrjmtĊrbfm èhtrmprbhsm pm tmom larmjuo aprlpbatm, pm jarm fm-ao jbtat èh ajmastĊ
jartm, au susŪbhut Ŝb bhspbrat, èh ajmfaŜb tbop, tmlrbbfm jarm au rmbmŜbt gbh gatm.
;5;
Mvafuarma uhmb tmlrbb a mfaklrĊrbb prlnrmsbvm
Yltrbvbt fub Nfasmr, tmlrbbfm mfaklrĊrbb prlnrmsbvm suht mvafuatm stakbfbhg nraguf flr gm jlhdlrobtatm
ju gatmfm, rmfmvahŪa flr, apfbjakbfbtatma Ŝb olgbdbjakbfbtatma flr. L tmlrbm mstm jlhsbgmratĊ
‘jlhdlroĊ", atuhjb jëhg jatmnlrbbfm lkŪbhutm èh jagruf tmlrbmb jlrmspuhg gatmflr. èhjĊfjĊrb afm
ajmstmb jmrbhŪm apar atuhjb jëhg jmrjmtĊtlruf dlrŪmazĊ bhtmrprmtarma gatmflr, astdmf èhjët mfm sĊ
jlrmspuhgĊ uhlr jatmnlrbb dlroufatm ahtmrblr jmrjmtĊrbb, sau jëhg hu sm Ūbhm jlht gm gatm, pmhtru a
hu bhdbroa l tmlrbm mxbstmhtĊ.
èh pfus daŪĊ gm jlhdlrobtatm, l tmlrbm trmkubm sĊ dbm rmfmvahtĊ èh raplrt ju ajŪbuhbfm spmjbdbjm ajmfub
glomhbu. Wmlrbbfm mfaklrĊrbb prlnrmsbvm suht rmfmvahtm, gajĊ Ŝb jëhg pmrobt sĊ dbm bgmhtbdbjatm jmfm
oab boplrtahtm prlkfmom Ŝb prljmsm. Apfbjakbfbtatma tmlrbmb mfa klrĊrbb prlnrmsbvm mstm glkëhgbtĊ,
atuhjb jëhg tmlrba platm mxpfbja jmma jm s-a èhtëopfat, pmrobtm mfaklrarma uhlr prmgbjŪbb Ŝb acutĊ fa
bhtmrprmtarma a jmma jm sm èhtëopfĊ èhtr-uh glomhbu gm jmrjmtarm. MxbstĊ gluĊ jrbtmrbb pmhtru a
stakbfb gajĊ l tmlrbm ‘duhjŪblhmazĊ"3 jatmnlrbbfm trmkubm sĊ jlrmspuhgĊ ju gatmfm, bar tmlrba trmkubm
‘sĊ mxpfbjm msmhŪbafuf a jmma jm sm èhtëopfĊ". A
èhtëopfĊ". A mxpfbja jmma jm mstm msmhŪbaf èhsmaohĊ
msmhŪbaf èhsmaohĊ sĊ
jlhjmptuafbzmzb gatmfm èh aŜa dmf, èhjët mfm sĊ gmsjrbm ju ajuratmŪm prbhjbpafmfm prmljupĊrb afm
partbjb pahŪbfl r Ŝb d mfuf è h jar m aj mŜtba gau j urs aj mstlr prmlju pĊrb. èh dbhm , prb hjbpbuf
olgbdbjakbfbtĊŪbb adbroĊ3 jlrmjtbtugbhma uhmb tmlrbb gmpbhgm gm japajbtatma mb gm a ga smaoa gm gatm
èh ajmst dmf, pm oĊsurĊ jm gatmfm sm jfarbdbjĊ èh jursuf jmrjmtĊrbb, tmlrba trmkubm olgbdbjatĊ èh olg
jlhstaht.
Fuëhg èh jlhsbgmrarm gbdmrbtmfm jlhjmptm pm jarm fm-ao prmzmhtat èh ajmastĊ jartm ‗ arourĊrba,
gmpĊŜbrma bhtmrvafufub, bhlvaŪba rmvlfuŪblharĊ mtj. ‗, oĊ èhtrmk gajĊ ajmstm jatmnlrbb jlrmspuhg
gatmflr. Zuht rmfmvahtm< MxpfbjĊ mfm gatmfm èh olg msmhŪbaf< [Ċspuhsuf mstm jĊ ga ‗ jrmg jĊ
rmdfmjtĊ ju ajuratmŪm

;5:
jmma jm aratĊ gatmfm. Wlt aŜa juo au prljmgat èh jazuf tmlrbmb rmzbfbmhŪmb fa ruŜbhm, jlfmnbb omb gbh
glomhbuf jmrjmtĊrbb jahtbtatbvm vlr tmsta tmlrbbfm omfm gmsprm vbaŪa
gmsprm vbaŪa trĊbtĊ gbh pfbh Ŝb vufhmrakbfbtatm,
jmma jm va gujm fa l mxtbhgmrm a juhlaŜtmrbb hlastrm ajtuafm.
Yrbvbhg èhaplb fa tlatĊ ajmastĊ avmhturĊ a juhlaŜtmrbb, èob gau smaoa gm agmvĊruf prlduhg af
jbtatufub gm fa èhjmputuf ajmstub japbtlf. Hu ao omrs pm jĊb kĊtĊtlrbtm gm afŪbb. Ao rmuŜbt sĊ-ob
jrlbmsj l aftĊ jafm, glar gatlrbtĊ juracufub partbjbpahŪbflr fa jmrjmtĊrb, jarm ob-au èopĊrtĊŜbt
plvmŜtbf m flr gm vb aŪĊ, mxpmrb mhŪmfm Ŝb èhŪm fmpjbu hma f lr ‗ b ar aj mastĊ jafm ob-a g mdbhbt jarbm ra Ŝb
vbaŪa, gmlpltrbvĊ. Jëhg ob-ao gat smaoa, pmhtru prboa larĊ, Ŝb ao rmspbhs boplrtahŪa asuoĊrbb
vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb Ŝb a daptufub gm a-Ūb trĊb vbaŪa gbh pfbh, lkbŜhubao sĊ fm spuh jmflr gbh curuf omu jĊ
oĊ sboŪmao, ja Ŝb juo vbaŪa ob-ar db dlst gmturhatĊ gm prlprbbfm jmrjmtĊrb.
Ajuoa Ŝtbu jĊ, gm dapt, ao dlst safvatĊ.

HLWM ŘB [MDM[BHūM
Bhtrlgujmrm3 Avmhturbfm omfm èh armhĊ
p. ;1‗ ...pmtr
.pmtrmjut Ŝasmahb gmzvlft
gmzvlftëhg
ëhg ltmlrbm...
Krmhm
Krmhm Jlhh
lhhmjtb
mjtblh
lhs3
s3 A 1;-s
Krlwh,
Krlwh, 1;-sms
mssb
sblh
lh psyje
syjell-
mguj
mgujat
atbl
blha
haff seao
seaom-
m- rmsb
rmsbfb
fbmh
mhjm
jm jurr
jurrbj
bjuf
ufuo
uo
(Jlhmxbuhb. L prlnraoĊ psbel-
mgujaŪblhafĊ gm rmzbfbmhŪĊ fa ruŜbhm, èh 1;
smsbuhb) ▩ Jmhtmr Jbty (Obhhmslta), Eazmf- gmh, ;992.
Kmhm Krlwh,
Krlwh, B Welunet Bt âs Cust Om (Kut Bt Bsh't)3
Wmff
mffbhn tem tem Wrurute
te Aklut Ymrdmj rdmjttblhbso,
fhagmquajy, ahg Ylwmr (Jrmgmao jĊ mra
vbha oma Pgar hu mstm_. ZĊ spuhmo
agmvĊruf gmsprm pmrdmjŪblhbso, bhagmjvarm
Ŝb putmrm) ▩ Hmw Rlr`, Ymhnubh/Nlteao Kll`s, ;99>.
Krlwh, Zeaom [msbfbmhjm Wemlry (Wmlrba
Kmhm Krlwh, (Wmlrba
rmzbfbmhŪmb fa ruŜbhm), èh Zusah Y. [lkkbhs, Yrahak Jeattmrcmm, Mgwarg [. Jahga
Jlhtmop
Jlhtmoplra
(mgbtlrb), lrary
ry Euoah
Euoah Kmeavbl
Kmeavblrr Wemlry
Wemlry33
A Jrbtbjab Ymrspmjtbvm dlr Zljbaf ^lr`
(Wml
(Wmlrba
rba jlhtm
jlhtmop
oplr
lrahĊ
ahĊ a jlopjloplrt
lrtao
aomh
mhtuf
tufub
ub
uoah. L pmrspmjtbvĊ jrbtbjĊ asupra
asbstmhŪmb sljbafm) ▩ mgbŪbm rmvbzubtĊ, Klstlh, Affyh ahg Kajlh, ;911.
Krmhm
Krmhm Krlwh, "Zeaomrmsbfbmhjm
fbmhjm temlry3
temlry3A nrluhgm
nrluhgmgg temlry
temlry stugy
stugy lh wlomh
wlomh ahg seaom"
seaom" (‘W
(‘Wmlrba
mlrba rmzbfbmhŪm
rmzbfbmhŪmb fa ruŜbhm.
ruŜbhm.Ztugbugmsprm tmlrba
tmlrba mfaklrĊrbb
faklrĊrbb prlnrmsbvm
lnrmsbvmasupradmombflr
flr ŜbŜb ruŜbha"),
ruŜbha"),
Daobfbms bh Zljbmty, 5>,1/;994, pp. 7:-1;.

Mokrajbhn êl ^m Arm (Garurbfm
bopmrdmjŪbuhbb. ZĊ rmhuhŪĊo fa jbhm jrmgmo
j-ar trmkub sĊ dbo Ŝb sĊ èokrĊŪbŜĊo
mrslaha
mrslaha jarm suhtmo
suhtmo ▩ Jmhtmr Jbty, Eazmfgmh, ;994.
;54
p. ;7‗ ...jebar
.jebar Ŝb èh tmza
tmza oma gmgljtlrat...
gljtlrat...
"Ajlopahar. A nrluhgmg temlry lld gmvmflpbh

gmvmflpbhn,
n, oabhtabhbhn,
oabhtabhbhn, ahg assmssbhn
assmssbhn rmfmvahjm (Ajlopahar3 L tmlrbm a mfaklrĊrbb
rmfmvahjm bh prldmssblhaf
ssblhaf emfpbhn-
hn- mfaklrĊrbb prlnrmsbvm
prlnrmsbvm èr.
èr.
gmzvlftarma, omhŪbhmrma Ŝb adbroarma rmfmvahŪmb èh acutlrarma prldmsblhafĊ"), èh Gbssmrtatblh Akstrajts Bhtmrhatblhaf, 4:,;99;. (uobhl. :971222).
Hateah J. Gmâff, [bjearg Z. Ylhg Cr., @mbte ^. Jaopkmff,
Jaopkmff, Cmah O. Wwmhnm,
Wwmhnm, "Wuhbhn
"Wuhbhn bh tl psyjelflnb
psyjelflnbjaf
jaf jeahnm3 Fbhnubstbj
Fbhnubstbj oar`mrs
oar`mrs ld psyjelflnbjaf
psyjelflnbjaf trabbs ahg moltblhs
lhs lvmr tbom bh plpufar ]Z
slhn fyrbjs"
fyrbjs" (‘Ajlrgama
jlrgama fa sjebokĊrbfm
sjebokĊrbfmpsbelflnbjm.
lnbjm. Oarjatl
Oarjatlrbb
rbb fbhnvbst
hnvbstbjb
bjb ab
ab trĊsĊturbflr
Ċturbflr psbelflnb
elflnbjm
jm ŜbmolŪbbflr
flr, èh top, èh vmrsurbfm jmflr
jmflr oab
oab rĊspëhgbt
rĊspëhgbtm jëhtmjm
jëhtmjmgbh Ztatmfm
atmfm]obm"),
]obm"), èh
Ysyjelflny ld Amstemtbjs, Jrmatbvbty, ahg tem Arts, =, ::;1911, pp. ;99-;9>.
Y. ::‗ ...Mpbgmoba gm harjbsbso...

...Mpbgmoba
Cmah Wwmhnm
Wwmhnm Ŝb @mbte Jaopkmff,, Wem Harjbssbso Mpbgmobj3
@mbte Jaopkmff
Fbvbhn bh tem Anm ld Mhtbtfmomht (Mpbgmoba ( Mpbgmoba

gm harjbsbso. WrĊbhg èhtr-l mpljĊ a
èhgrmptĊŪbr
èhgrmp tĊŪbrbb) bb) ▩ Hmw Rlr`, Zbolh ahg Zjeustmr, ;992.
p. : ‗ ..
.. .Zudfmtuf kahbflr...
Z kahbflr...
Fy m Wwst. Wem Zluf
o Zluf ld Olhmy3 Olhmy3 Wrahsdlr rahsdlrobh obhnn Rlur
[mfa
[mfatb tblh
lhse sebp bp wbte wbte Olhm Olhmy y ahg ahg Fbdm Fbdm (Zud (Zudfm
fmtu
tuff
kahbflr.
kahbflr. WrahsdlroĊ-Ūb rmfaŪba ju kahbb Ŝb
vbaŪa) , Hmw Rlr`, ^.^. Hlrtlh ahg Jlopahy, ;99:, p. 77.

Japbtlfuf ;
Gmoasjarma obturbflr vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb

p. =9‗ Ztugbbfm
Ztugbbfm gbh glomhbufpsbelflnbmb sĊhĊtĊŪ
sĊhĊtĊŪbb...
bb...
Zukcmjtbvm [bs` ahg Emafte

F. Ab`mh,
F. Ab`mh, O. Nmrmhg Ŝb Caj`slh, @.,
Yrlt
Yrltmj
mjtbv
tbvm
m Kmea
Kmeavbl
vblr3
r3 Jahj
Jahjmr
mr Zjrmm
Zjrmmhb
hbhn
hn ahg
ahg
Jahjmr Yrmvmhtblh ([bsjuf sukbmjtbv Ŝb
jlo
jloplrt
plrtao
aomh
mhtu
tuff gm prlrltm
tmjŪ
jŪbm
bm a sĊhĊ
sĊhĊtĊ
tĊŪb
Ūbbb.
Mjraharma jahjmrufub Ŝb prmvmhbrma
jahjmrufub), èh A. Kauo, W. [mvmhslh Ŝb C. Zbhnmr (mgbtlrb), Eahgkll` ld

Emafte Ysyjelflny (Oahuaf gm psbelflnbm a
sĊ h ĊtĊŪbb), Oaewae (Hmw Cmrsmy), Mrfkauo, ;991, pp. >;>->74.
HLWM Ř B [MDM [BHūM
;5>
Wem Rafm-OWT Ztugy ld

A. Apahlvbtj
Apahlvbtje,
e, Y. Zaflvm
Zaflvmyy Ŝb O. Omrs
Omrslh,
lh,
Attbtugms ld Aomrbjah Rlute (Ztugbuf

atbtugbhbflr tbhmrmtufub aomrbjah, rmafbzat gm
p ▩ - ...ŘtbbhŪa èhjrmgmrbb...
Nltoah, Wem Zjbmhjm ld Wrust3 MolŪblhaf
c.
Attuhmomht dlr Jlupfms (ŘtbbhŪa èhjrmgmrbb.

Acustarma molŪblhafĊ a jupfurbflr) , Hmw Rlr`, ^.^. Hlrtlh
& Jlopahy, ;911.
p. 4;‗ ... artbjlf
bjlf pukfbjat
ukfbjat pm sbtm-uf
sbtm-uf ]hbvmrsb
vmrsbtĊŪbb
tĊŪbb statufub
statufubJafbdlrhba
Jafbdlrhba gm
gm fa Kmr`mfmy
Kmr`mfmy...
p. 44 ‗ MxbstĊ jëmva
jëmvastugbbsmrblasm èhglomhbuf
glomhbuf fmagmrsebp-xAo...
fmagmrsebp-xAo...
Y.
Y. Duga
Duga Ŝb [. Kageao,
Kageao, "Dbrm, shlwkaff,
shlwkaff,oas`,
oas`, olvbm3
olvbm3 Elw fmagmrs
fmagmrssparàhg sustabh
sustabhjeahnm"
jeahnm" (‘Dlj, kufnĊr
kufnĊrm gm zĊpagĊ,
zĊpagĊ, oasjĊ,
oasjĊ,dbo. Juo stërhm
stërhmsj
sj fbgmrbb
gmrbb Ŝb susŪbh
susŪbh sjebokarma"),
arma"), èh
Earvarg Kusbh
sbhmss [mvbmw, ;9 11 , fa a gr
grms a3
a3 ettp3//www.ekr.lrn/;911/ff/dbrs-shlwkaff- oa`Ūolbmelw
oa`ŪolbmelwCmgm
Cmgmmrss
mrsssarbà
sarbàgsss
gsssah.
ah. jeahnm/ar/
jeahnm/ar/1.
1.
Japbtlfuf :
Jm mstm ru Ŝbhma Ŝb juo fup Ūb èopltrbva mb (sau juo fup Ūb ju spbrbgu Ŝbb ru Ŝbhbb)
p. 5:‗ ¡htr-uh stugbu
stugbu gbh ;911.
;911.....
M. @rlss, O. Kmroah,
Kmroah,^. Obsjemf,
Obsjemf, M.M. Zobte ŜbŜb W. ânmr, "Zljbaf
"Zljbaf mcmjtblh
lh searmssloatlsmhsl
sloatlsmhslry
ry rmprmsmhtatblhs
smhtatblhs wbte peysbj
peysbjaf
af pabh"
pabh" (‘[mspbhnmrm
mspbhnmrmaa sljbafĊ
sljbafĊ èopartm rmprm
rmprmzmhtĊrbfm
zmhtĊrbfm sloatl-
sloatl-
smhzlrbafm ju gurmrmad
gurmrmadbzbjĊ"),
bzbjĊ"), èh Yrlj
Yrljmm
mmg
gbhns
bhns ld tem
tem Hatbl
atblha
haff Ajag
jagmoy
moy ld Zjbm
Zjbmhj
hjms
ms,, 195,1=
195,1=/;9
/;911
11,pp.
,pp. 4;>9-4;
4;>9-4;>=.
>=.
;55
p. 5:‗ Jmbjm stugbaz
stugbazĊĊ ruŜbhma.
ruŜbhma.....
Ymhtru
Ymhtru jma oab juprbhzĊtlarm
hzĊtlarm trmjmrm èh rmvbstĊ
rmvbstĊ a tmlrbbflr
bflr gmsprm ruŜbhm Ŝb vhĊ, a sm vmgma3 Cuhm Yrbjm Wahnhmy
Wahnhmy Ŝb [lhga F. Kmarbhn,
hn, Zeaom
Zeaom ahg Nubft ([u Ŝbhma Ŝb vbha), Hmw
Rlr`, Nubdlrg Yrmss, ;99;.
Oab rmjloahg Ŝb ajmst
ajmst vlfuo3
vlfuo3 [lhga Gmarhn
Gmarhn Ŝb Cuhm Wbhnhmy (mgbtlrb),
lrb), Zeaom
Zeaom bh tem Wemrapy
Wemrapy Elur ([u Ŝbhma fa lra tmrapbmb), AsljbaŪba Ysbelflnbflr Aomrbjahb,
;911.
p. 5=‗ MxbstĊ
MxbstĊ ljlrmfaŪbm
jlrmfaŪbmsmohbdbjatbvĊ...
bjatbvĊ...JmrjmtĊtl
JmrjmtĊtlrbb
rbb au
au jlhstatat.
jlhstatat.....
JĊrŪbfm Ŝb artbjlfmfm uroĊtlarm mxpflrmazĊ fmnĊturbfm gbhtrm ruŜbhm Ŝb gbdmrbtmfm prlkfmom ju jarm sm jlhdruhtĊ laomhbb3
G. Kafjlo,
Kafjlo,[. Fmm ŜbŜb C. Wanmr, "Wem
"Wem systmoa
systmoatbj
tbj trmatomht
matomht ld seaomh jlupfms"
jlupfms"(‘Wrataom
(‘Wrataomhtuf
htuf sbstmo
sbstmoatbj
atbj af ruŜbhbb
ruŜbhbb fa jupfurb"), èh Clurhaf ld Oarbtaf ahg Daobfy Wemrapy,
jupfurb"),
;1,122=, pp. ==-4=.
K. Krlwh, B
Krlwh, B Welunet Bt âs Cust Om3 ^lomh [mjfabobhn Ylwmr bh a Jufturm ld Zeaom (Jrmgmao jĊ mra vbha oma. Dmombfm
rmvmhgbjĊ azb putmrma èhtr-l jufturĊ a ruŜbhbb), Hmw Rlr`, Nlteao, ;99>.
K. Krlwh,
Krlwh, "Zeaom
"Zeaomrmsbfbmhjm
fbmhjm temlry3
temlry3A nrluhgmg
luhgmg temlry stugy
ugy lh wlomh
wlomh ahg
ahg seaom"
seaom" (‘W
(‘Wmlrba
mlrbarmzbbmhŪmb
mhŪmb fa ruŜbhm.
hm. Ztugbu gmsprm tmlrba
tmlrba mfaklrĊrbb
faklrĊrbb prlnrmsbvm
lnrmsbvmasupradmombflr
flr ŜbŜb ruŜbhbb"),
hbb"),
Daobfbms bh Zljbmty, 5>,1/;;994, pp. 7:-=;.

[. Kmarbhn
Kmarbhn Ŝb C.Wahnhmy lrb), Zeaom bh tem Wemrapy Dflur ([u Ŝbhma fa lra tmrapbmb). AsljbaŪba Ysbelflnbflr Aomrbjahb, ;911.
Wahnhmy(mgbtlrb),
[. Kmarbhn,
hn, C.Ztumwbn
Ztumwbn ŜbC. Wahnhmy, "Lhtem boplrtahjm
oplrtahjm ld gbstbh-
bh- nubsebhn
nubsebhnseaomdrlonubft3[mfatblhs
blhs tl prlkfmo
prlkfmoatbj
atbj afjlelf
afjlelfahg grun
grun us
us " (‘
(‘ Gmsprm
GmsprmboplrtahŪa
boplrtahŪa gbstbhjŪbmb gbhtrm
gbhtrm
ruŜbhm Ŝb vbhĊ. [mfaŪbb ju akXuprlkfmoatbj gm afjllf Ŝb grlnurb"), Aggbjtbvm

Aggbjtbvm Kmeavblrs, :9,;99=, pp. 1:2;-1797.
W.C. Dmrnuslh E.F. Myrm Ŝb O. Aseka`mr, "]hwahtmg

"]hwahtmg bgmhtbtbms3
bgmhtbtbms3 A `my varbakfm bh seaom-ahnm
seaom-ahnmrr fbh`s ahg nmhgmr gbddmrmhj
gbddmrmhjms
ms bh seaom"
seaom" (‘BgmhtbtĊŪb
(‘BgmhtbtĊŪb hmglrbtm.
hmglrbtm. L varbakbfĊ-j
varbakbfĊ-jembm
embm èh fmnĊturbfm
fmnĊturbfm gbhtrm
Yrlnrmss Zmx [lfms,

ruŜbhm Ŝb oëhbm Ŝb gbdmrmhŪmfm èhtrm smxm èh oatmrbm gm ruŜbhm"), èh
F. Eartfbhn, ^. [lsmh, O. âf`mr b C. Clrgah, Zeaom

7;, ;999,pp. 1::-1=>.
Clrgah, Zeaom ahg Euob- fbatblh3 Drlo Bslfatblh tl [mfaŪblhaf Wrahsdlroatblh

Ŝ
([uŜbhma Ŝb uobfbrma. Gm fa bzlfarm fa trahsdlroarma rmfaŪblhafĊ), ^lr` bh Yrlnrmss 55, ^mffmsfmy (Oassajeusmtts), Wem
Ztlhm Jmhtmr, ^mffmsfmy Jlffmnm, ;999.
HLWM Ř B [MD M[BHūM

;52
C [mfa
[mfaŪb
Ūblh
lhaf
af Gmvm
Clrgah, Gmvmfl flpo
pomh mht3t3 Wemr
Wemrap
apmumutb tbj
j
Bopfbjatblhs ld M o - pat ey ahg Zeaom
gmpmhgmhŪĊ)
(Gmzvlftarma r m f a Ū b lh a f Ċ . B o p f b j a Ūb b
tmrapmutbjm afm mopatbmb Ŝb ruŜbhbb), ^lr` bh
:2, ^mffmsfmy (Oassajeusmtts), Wem Ztlhm Jmhtmr, ^mffmsfmy Jlffmnm, 1252.
G. Fmstmr,
Fmstmr, "Wem rlfm ld seaom bh subjbgm
gm " (‘[lfuf
(‘[lfuf ruŜbhbb
ruŜbhbb èh subjbg"),
subjbg"), èh Zubjbgm
Zubjbgm ahg Fbdm-Werm
Fbdm-Wermatmhb
atmhbhn
hn Kmeavblr
Kmeavblr,, ;>,122>,
;>,122>, pp. :=;-:41.
:=;-:41.
E.K. Fmwbs,
Fmwbs, Zeaom ahg Nubft bh Hmurlsbs ([uŜbhma Ŝb vbha bh hmvrlzm), Hmw Rlr`, Bhtmrhatblhaf ]hbvmrsbtbms Yrmss, 12>1.
O. Oaslh,
Oaslh, ^lomh
lomh ahg
ahg Zeao
Zeaom3
m3 @bh
@bh ahg
ahg Juft
Juftur
urmm
(Dmo
(Dmomb mbfm
fm Ŝb ru
ruŜb
Ŝbhm
hma.
a. [ugm
[ugmhb
hba
a Ŝb juftu
juftura)
ra),, h .
Kmp`l
Kmp`l (mgulr), Dmobhbso ahg Aggbjtblh (Dmobhbso Ŝb
(mgulr),
c Kbhneao
Kbhneaotlh
tlh (Hmw Rlr`),
lr`), Eawlrt
Eawlrte,
e, 1221,
1221, pp. 1>=-12
1>=-127.
7.
g . Addm
Hateahslh, ddmjt Wem Wemlry ahg tem Jlopas pass ld
Zeaom (Wmlrba (Wmlrba admjtĊrbb Ŝb kuslfa ruŜbhbb), h O.
Fahs`y
Fahs`y ŜbŜb A. Olrrbslh (mgbtlrb),, Wem ^bgmhbhn Zjlpm ld Zeaom
Olrrbslh (mgbtlrb)
;29
BopfbjaŪbb pmhtru
pmhtru plpufaŪbbbm bhdrajtlrb"),èh Clurhaf
plpufaŪbbbm gm bhdrajtl ld Dlrmhsbj Ysyjebatry & Ysyjelflny (èh jurs gm aparbŪbm).
C.[ Wahnhmy,
nhmy, C. Ztumwbn
Ztumwbn,, G.Oasem`
Oasem` Ŝb O. Eastbhns,
hns,"Assmssbhn
"Assmssbhncabf bhoatms'
hoatms' prlhmhmss
hmhmss tl seaom ahg
ahg nubft3
t3 Dmmfbhn
Dmmfbhnkag aklut temkmeav-
kmeavblr lr tem
tem smbd<"(‘Mvafuar
(‘Mvafuarma
ma èhjfbhaŪbm
èhjfbhaŪbmb puŜjĊrbaŜbflr
flr sprm ruŜbhm
ruŜbhmŜb vbhĊ. Zm
sbot prlstfmnat gm jloplrt
jloplrtaomht
aomhtsau gm flr<"), èh Jrbobhaf Custbjm ahg Kmeavblr, :5,;911,pp. >19->:7.
gm pmrslahaflr<"),
C.Y. Wahnhmy, "Zbtuatblhafgmtmrobhahtsld seaom

seaom ahg
ahg nubft
ft bh yluhn agtgtellg"
agtgtellg" (‘GmtmrobhahŪ
GmtmrobhahŪbb
bb sbtuaŪblhafb
uaŪblhafb ab ruŜbhbb Ŝb vbhmbfa tbhmrbb Ymrslhafbty
tbhmrbb agufŪb"), èh ahg Zljbaf
Ysyjelflny Kuffmtbh, 15,122;, pp. 122-;94.
jartmasa,Bhjlnhbtl...
p. 52‗.. .jartmasa,
G. Manfmoah, Bhjlnhbtl3
Manfmoah, Bhjlnhbtl3 Wem Zmjrmt Fbvms ld tem Krabh (Bhjlnhbtl. TbmŪbfm smjrmtm afm jrmbmrufub), Hmw Rlr`, Yahtemlh,
;911.
p. 29‗ ...gbh jmrjmtĊr
jmrjmtĊrbfm
bfm èhtrmp
htrmprbhsmfa Jmhtruf Ztlhm..
lhm...
F. Eartfbhn, ^. [lsmh, O. âf`mr Ŝb C. Clrgah, Zeaom ahg Euobfbatblh3 Drlo Bslfatblh tl [mfaŪblhaf Wrahsdlroatblh
([uŜbhma Ŝb uobfbrma. Gm fa bzlfarm fa trahsdlroarma rmfaŪblhafĊ), ^lr` bh Yrlnrmss 55, ^mffmsfmy (Oassajeusmtts), Wem
Ztlhm Jmhtmr, ^mffmsfmy Jlffmnm, ;999.
p. 29‗ .. .Caoms
.Caoms Ymhhmk
Ymhhmka`mr
a`mr...
... Ŝb afŪb jëŪbva
jëŪbva jlfmnb
mnb gm-ab sĊb...
sĊb...
C.^.
C.^. Ymhhmka`mr,
Ymhhmka`mr, ^rbtb rbtbhn
hn tl Emaf
Emaf33 A Nubg
Nubgmg
mg Clur
Clurhahaff dlr
dlr [mjl
[mjlvm
vmrb
rbhn
hn drlo
drlo Wrauo
rauoaa ahg
ahg MolŪ
MolŪblblha
haff ]pem
]pemav
avaf
af (Zjr
(Zjrbs
bsuf
uf gm
vbhgmjarm. Curhaf- nebg gm rmjupmrarm gm pm uroa trauomflr Ŝb a tufkurĊrbflr molŪblhafm), La`fahg, Hmw Earkbhnmr
Yukfbjatblhs, ;997.
C.^. Ymhhmka
Ymhhmka`mr
`mr, "Mxprmssbvm wrbtbhnbh a jfbhbjaf smttbhn"
smttbhn" (‘Zjrbsuf
(‘Zjrbsuf mxprmsbv èh jlhtmxt fbhbj"), èh Wem
mxt jfbhbj"), Bhgmpmhgmht Yrajtbtblhmr, :9,;9/9, pp. ;:-;=.
HLWM Ř B [MDM [BHūM ; 21

@.C.Ymtrbm,
m, [.C.
[.C. Kllte Ŝb C.^. Ymhhmka`
Ymhhmka`mr, "Wem boouhlflnbjaf
hlflnbjaf md- dmjts
dmjts ld
ld telunet
telunet supprm
supprmssblh"
ssblh"(‘Mdmjtmfmbouhlflnbjm
bouhlflnbjmabm èhĊkuŜb
hĊkuŜbrbb
rbb nëhgbrbb"), èh Clurhaf ld Ymrslhafbty
ahg Zljbaf Ysyjelflny, >=, /22s, pp. 1;=7-/;>;.
C.^. Ymhhmka
Ymhhmka`mr
`mr, C.@bmjlft-Nfa
@bmjlft-Nfasmr
smr ŜbŜb [. Nfasmr, "Gbsglsu
"Gbsglsurm
rm ld trau-
trau- oas
oas ahgboouhmCuhjtblh3
Cuhjtblh3 Emaftebopfbjatblhs
bopfbjatblhsdlr psyje
psyjeltemra
ltemrapy"
py" (‘Gmzv
(‘GmzvĊubrma trauomflrŜb duhjŪba
duhjŪba bouhĊ.BopfbjaŪbb afm
sĊhĊtĊŪbb
sĊhĊtĊŪbb pmhtrupsbeltmr
htrupsbeltmrapbm"
apbm"),
), èh Clurhaf ld Jlhsuftbhn ahg Jfbhbjaf Ysyjelf- lny, =4,/255,pp. ;:2-;7=.
C.O. [bjeargs,
[bjeargs, ^.M. Kmab,
Kmab, C. Zmanaf
Zmanaf Ŝb C.^.
C.^.Ymhhmka`mr, "Wemmddmjts ld gbsjflsurm
gbsjflsurmld trauoatbj mvmhts
mvmhtslh bffhmss
hmss kmeavblr aolhn
aolhn psyjeb- atrbjprbslhbhoatms"
bhoatms" (‘Mdmjtmfm
dmjtmfm gmzvĊubrbb
rbb mvmhbomhtmfl
mhbomhtmflrr trauoatbjmasupra
jloplrtaomhtufub èh jaz g klafĊ prbhtrm jmb bhtmrhaŪb èh èhjebslrb psbebatrbjm"), èh Clurhaf ldAkhlroaf Ysyjelflny,
Ysyjelflny, 192,;999, pp. 1== /49.
p. /9;
/9; ‗ èh tmromhbb
tmromhbbautlarmb dmobhbst
dmobhbstm Oarbfyh
fyh Drym...
o. Drym, Lpprmssblh (Lprboarm), èh O. Ahgmrslh Ŝb Y. Jlffbhs (mgbtlrb),

[ajm, Jfass, ahg Nmhgmr3
Nmh gmr3 Ah Ahtelflny
([asĊ, jfasĊ Ŝb smx. Ahtlflnbm) , Hmw Rlr`, âgswlrte, ;991.
/ ‗
r §1 O. Yattmrslh, "Zmfd-mvafuatblh ahg tem smfmjtblh ld gbomhsblhs dlr mvafuatbhn ltemrs" (‘Autl-mvafuarma §b smfmjtarma gomhsuhglr pmhtru mvafuarma aftlra"),
Clurhaf ld Ymrslhafbty, 7;,12>7, pp. ¡a-bsb.
p. 11= ‗ ...ao

.ao pukfbjat
pukfbjat èhzbaruf Elustlh Jerlhbjfm...
Krmhm
Krmhm Krlwh,
Krlwh, "[mafbty WT kbtms3
kbtms3 Krajbhn
Krajbhn dlr a hmw smaslh
smaslh ld kuffbms"
kuffbms" (‘[mafbty-selw-uh`
(‘[mafbty-selw-uh` ouŜjĊ. YrmnĊtbrb gm uh hlu smzlh gm bhtbobgĊrb"), èh Elustlh Jerlhbjfm, :9
smptmokrbm;99;, p. ;:A.
p. 1;7‗ ...jmfm uhsprm

uhsprmzmjm
zmjmtr
;2;
C. [. Oaeafb`
Oaeafb`,, K.Flj`m, F. Fugflw
Fugflw, O. Gbmomr
Gbmomr, [.[C.
[C. Zjltt,
Zjltt, O. Nltt-
t- drbmg
mg ŜbN. Drmbbas,"Gmvmflpo
"Gmvmflpomht
mht ldtem jlhdlrobty
lhdlrobty tloasjufbhm
oasjufbhm hlros
hlros bhvmhtlry"
bhvmhtlry" (‘Gmzvlfta
(‘Gmzvlftarma jlhdlrobtĊŪb
jlhdlrobtĊŪbb ju
bhvmhtaruf hlromflr kĊrkĊtmŜtb"), èh Ysyjelflny ld Omh ahg Oasjufbhbty, 7,;99:, pp. :-;=.
J. K. Krlwh, "Ajlopahar3 A nrluhgmg temlry ld gmvmflpbhn, oabhtabhbhn, ahg assmssbhn rmfmvahjm bh prldmssblhaf emfpbhn" (Ajlopahar. L tmlrbm a mfaklrĊrbb
prlnrmsbmèh gmzvlft
gmzvlftarma,
arma, omhŪbhmrma
Ūbhmrma ŜbŜb adbroarm
adbroarmaa rmfmva
rmfmvahŪmb
hŪmb èh acutlrarma
lrarma prldmsblhafĊ") Gbssmrtatblh Akstrajts Bhtmrhatblhaf, 4:,;99;. ( ]OB HL
ldmsblhafĊ"),, èh ]OB HL. :97/222).
Wem Nbdts ldfopmrdmjtblh3 FmttbhnNl ldêl

k.Krlwh,
^m Webh` ^m Zelufg Km ahg Mokrajbhn êl

^m Arm (Garurbfm bopmrdmjŪbuhbb. ZĊ rmhuhŪĊo fa
jbhm jrmgmo j-ar trmkub sĊ dbo Ŝb sĊ èokrĊŪbŜĊo
pmrslaha jarm suhtmo) ▩ Jmhtmr Jbty, Eazmfgmh, ;994.
k. Krlwh, Zeaom rmsbfbmhjm temlry (Wmlrba
(Wmlrba
rmzbgmhŪmb fa ruŜbhm) èh Zusah Y. [lkkbhs, Yrahak Jeattmrcmm, Mgwarg [. Jahga
alh), Jlhtmoplrary
(mj Jlhtmoplrary Euoah Kmeavblr Kmeavblr Wemlry3 A
Jrbt
Jrbtbjbjab
ab Ymrs
Ymrspm
pmjt
jtbv
bvm
m dlr dlr Zljb Zljbaf af ^lr lr`
` (Wml
(Wmlrb
rba
a
jlhtmop
jlhtmoplra lrahĊ
hĊ a jloplr
jloplrtao taomhtu mhtufub fub uoah.
uoah. L
pmrspmjtbvĊ jrbtbjĊ asupra
asbstmhŪmb sljbafm) ▩ mgbŪbm rmvbzubtĊ, Klstlh, Affyh ahg Kajlh, ;911.
Y. 1;> ‗ .Bmpurmfm
.Bmpurmfm gm pfuŜ...
Oarnmry ^bffbaos,
bffbaos, Wem Tmfvmtmmh [akkbt (Bmpurmfm gm pfuŜ), Hmw Rlr`, Glukfmgay, /2;;.
Japbtlfuf 7
Zmfd-Jlopassblh3
@. Hmd
Hmd Zmfd-Jlopassblh3 Ztlp Kmatbhn Rlursmfdup
Rlursmfdup
ahg Fmavm Bhsmju- rbty Kmebhg (Jlopasbuhma
daŪĊ gm sbhm. Hu tm oab katm
sbhnur Ŝb fasĊ èh uroĊ hmsbnurahŪa) ▩ Hmw Rlr`, ^bffbao
Olrrlw,
Olrrlw, ;911.
;911.
@. Hmdd,d, "Zmfd-j
"Zmfd-jlopas
lopassblh3
sblh3 Ah aftmrha
aftmrhatbvm
tbvm jlhjmptuaf
jlhjmptuafbzatblh
bzatblh ld aemaftey
emaftey attbtugm
btugm tlwarg lhmsmfd'
lhmsmfd' (‘Jlopasbuhma
asbuhma daŪĊ gm sbhm.
sbhm. Ljlhjmptuafb
jlhjmptuafbzarm
zarmaftmrhatbvĊ
aftmrhatbvĊ a uhmb
uhmb atbtugbhb
tugbhbsĊhĊtlasm daŪĊ
daŪĊ gm
prlprba
prlprba pmrslahĊ"),
rslahĊ"), èh Zmbd ahg Bgmhtbty, ;, ;199:, pp. 5=-191.
" ' " "
HLWM ŘB [MD M[BHūM ;2:

p. 172‗ ...Nrmtjem
.Nrmtjemhh [ukbh...
[ukbh...
N. [ukbh, Eappbmr
[ukbh, Eappbmr at Elom3 @bss Olrm, Cuop Olrm, Akahglh a Yrl- cmjt, [mag Zaoumf Clehslh, ahg Oy Ltemr Mxpmrbomhts bh tem Yrajtbjm
ldMvmrygayFbdm (Oab dmrbjbtĊ ajasĊ. OĊ sĊrut oab ouft, sar oab ouft, rmhuhŪ fa uh prlbmjt,
jbtmsj gbh Zaoumf Clehslh Ŝb jmfmfaftm mxpmrbmhŪm afm omfm gbh vbaŪa jltbgbahĊ), Hmw Rlr`, Jrlwh Arjemty Arjemtypm,
pm, ;91;. N. [ukbh,
[ukbh, Wem Eappbhmss
Yrlcmjt
Yrlcmjt33 Lr,
Lr, êy B Zpmht a Rmar Rmar Wrybh
Wrybhnn tl Zbhn bh tem Olrhbhn,
Olrhbhn, Jfmah
Jfmah oy Jflsmts
Jflsmts,, Dbnet [bnet,
[bnet, [mag
[mag Arbstltf
Arbstltfm,
m, ahg Nmhmraf
Nmhmraffy
fy Eavm Olrm
Olrm Duh
(Yrlbmjtuf dmrbjbrbb, sau gm jm ob-ao pmtrmjut uh ah èhjmrjëhg sĊ jëht gbobhmaŪa, sĊ-ob daj lrgbhm bh gmkarafm, sĊ oĊ kat ja fuoma, sĊ jbtmsj
Arbstltm
Arbstltmff Ŝb,
Ŝb, èh
èh nmhmra
nmhmraf,f, sĊ
sĊ oĊ gbstrm
gbstrmzz oab
oab ouft)
ouft),,
Hmw Rlr`,
Rlr`, Earpmr,
Earpmr, ;992.
;992.
p. ¡=9‗ Ahgrm
AhgrmaZjem
aZjemr.
r.....
ettp3//www.supmremrlclurhaf.jlo' Ŝb ettp3//www.supmremrlpeltl
ettp3//www.supmremrlpeltl.. jlrh/. p. ¡=¡ ‗Hbjelfas ^bftlh...
eŪŪp3//hbjeafaswbfŪahpabXbbhns .j lo/ Ŝb en¡p//wwwa!ppamwl`- selp£Qo¼- p. ¡=; ‗ ...FmlhargJlemh...
;27
p. f=2‗ .. .Zbr@mh [lkbhslh fm-amxpfbjat
jat augbtlrbflr.....
`h rlkhlh krbhn Q;
Wem Fbdm Lrnahbzmr3 A ^loarbs

C. Flugm
Flugmh,
h, ^loarbs
Nubgm tl a Obhgduf Rmar Lrnahbzatlruf
vbmŪbb. Nebguf dmombflr pmhtru uh ah
jlhŜtbmht) , Hl- vatl (Jafbdlrhba), Hmw ^lrfg Fbkrary, ;99>.
p. 14:‗ ... pmhtruzba
pmhtruzbaruf Wem
Wem Elustlh Jerlhbjfm uh artbjlf...
K. Krlwh,
Krlwh, "Wbom
om tl nmt ldd tem pelhm" (‘M olomht]
olomht] sĊ-hjebzb
sĊ-hjebzb tmfmdlhuf"),
lhuf"), èh Elustlh
Elustlh Jerlhbjfm
Jerlhbjfm,, ;= ufbm ;992, p. K>.
p. 142‗ ...uh

.uh japbtlf
japbtlfgmsprm Gmrrbgagbh gbsmrtaŪba
smrtaŪba oma...
oma...
Ajlopahar3 A nrluhgmg
nrluhgmg temlry lld gmvmflpbhn
gmvmflpbhn,, oabhtabhbhn,
hbhn, ahg assmssbhn
assmssbhn rmfmvahjm (.Ajlopahar3 L tmlrbm a
rmfmvahjm bh prldmssblhaf emfpbhn"
emfpbhn" mfaklrĊrbb
mfaklrĊrbb prlnrmsbv
prlnrmsbvmm èh.
gmzvlftarma, omhŪbhmrma Ŝb adbroarma rmfmvahŪmb èh acutlrarma prldmsblhafĊ"), èh Gbssmrtatblh Akstrajts Bhtmrhatblhaf, 4:,;99;. (uob hl. :971222).
Yarrbse,
se, "Kattanfba
anfba jaffs rmgujbhn subjbgmsgms a tlp prblrbty"
ty" (‘Kat- tanfa jlhsbgmrĊ
gmrĊ l prblrbtatm
prblrbtatm rmgujmr
rmgujmrma
ma huoĊrufub gm sbhujbgmrb)
sbhujbgmrb),, Zmrvbjbuf
jbuf gm YrmsĊ af DlrŪmflr Ar
Gmpartaomh
Gmpartaomhtuf
tuf ApĊrĊr
ApĊrĊrbb
bb af Ztatmflr
tatmflr ]hbtm,
m, ;911.
;911.
Flsbhn tem Kattfm3 Wem Jeaffmhnm

O. Earr
Earrmff
mff Ŝb H.
H. Kmrn
Kmrnfass
fass,,
ld Obfb- tary Zubjbgm (Ybmrgmrma kĊtĊfbmb.

Yrlvljarma rmprmzmhtatĊ gm sbhujbgmrbfm
obfbtarbflr) ▩ [mzuoat gm Ylfbtbjb afm Jmhtrufub pmhtru l HluĊ Zmjurbtatm AomrbjahĊ, ;911.
p. 1>1‗ JranKryah,
Kryah, uh psbelfln
ln mmqpmr
mmqpmrèh sbhujbgm
sbhujbgmrb...
rb...
O. Welopslh,
Welopslh, "Bs tem aroy flsbhn bts war lh subjbgm<" (‘Ybmrgm aroata prlprbuf
prlprbuf rĊzklb
rĊzklb èopltrbva
va subjbgufub<" Wbom,
subjbgufub<"),
), 1: aprb
aprbfbm
fbm ;919.
;919.
p. 1>;‗ AsljbaŪb

AsljbaŪba KarlurblrAomrbjahm
Aomrbjahm...
...
G. J. ^mbss, "Ymrdmjtblhbso, 'psyjebj kattmrbhn' aolhn rmaslhs dlr fawymr gmprmssblh" (‘YmrcmjŪblhbsouf, «drĊoëhtĊrbfm psbebjm° prbhtrm
HLWM ŘB [MD M[BHūM

;2=
oltbvmfm gmprmsbmb èh rëhgurbfm avljaŪbflr"), èh Aomrbjah Kar Assl- jbatblh Clurhaf, ;992.
p. 1>=
1>= ‗ Gmvbza
Gmvbza jmflr
jmflr gm fa
ettp3//www.tmao rwk.lrz/.
Wmao
Wmao [mg, êbtm, ahg Kfum.
p. 15:‗ ...jlom

.jlomgba Jusjrbb...
]hoar`mtbhn3 Ztlp oar`mtbhn. Ztart

Z. Ztrattmh,
mhnanbhn Hm-oar- `mtbhn. LprbŪb
oar`mtbhnuf. èhjmpmŪb ahnacaomhtuf), Elkl`mh, X ^
;919.
Japbtlfuf =
AtmhŪbm fa bhtmrvaf! Juo sĊ juftbvb sjebokarma Ŝb sĊ rmgujb smhtbomhtuf gm èhstrĊbharm jrmat gm gmtaŜarma molŪblhafĊ
p. 12:‗ ...Wmrrm
.Wmrrmhjm Gmaf ŜbŜb Affah
Affah @mhhmgy...
mgy...
Jlrplratm Jufturms. Wem [btms

W. Gmaf Ŝb A. @mhhmgy,
ahg [btuafs ld Jlrplratm Fbdm (Jufturbfm

jlrplratbstm. [bturbfm Ūb rbtuafurbfm vbmŪbb
y Hmw
Hmw Rlr`,
Rlr`, Ymrsmus
Ymrsmus,, ;999.
;999.
jlrplratbstm)
Japbtlfuf 4
ZĊ hm asuoĊo l sjebokarm ragbjafĊ, rmuoahbzëhg ouhja Ŝb mgujaŪba
p. ;94‗ ...Zbr
Zbr @mh
@mh [lkbhslhd
[lkbhslhdajm
ajm uh
uh apmf...
apmf...
L ut ld Lur Obhgs3 Fmarhbhn tl Km

@ . [lkbhsl H ,
Jrmatbvm
dbo Gbh obhŪbfm hlastrm. ZĊ èhvĊŪĊo sĊ
jrmatlrb)
c Kfllob
Kfllobhntl
hntlhh (Obhhms
(Obhhmslta),
lta), Japstlhm
Japstlhm Yukfbseb
Yukfbsebhn,
hn, ;91
;911.
1.
p. ;92 ‗ ...BhtbobgĊ
...BhtbobgĊrbb
rbb fa Flj] gm OuhjĊ.....
af-survmy/.
;24
p. ;92‗ ...dusmsmrĊ
.dusmsmrĊbhtobgaŪb fa smrvbjbu.
C. Gmsjemhaa
Gmsjemhaaux,
ux, "Mxpmrts3
"Mxpmrts3 Ahtb-kuffyb
Ahtb-kuffybhn
hn plfbjbms
ms bhjrmasm
bhjrmasm prlgujtbv-
prlgujtbv- bty" (‘Mxpmrb.
(‘Mxpmrb. Ylfbtbjbfm
jbfm ▩ahtb-bhtbobgar
htbobgar splrmsj prlgujtbvbt
prlgujtbvbtatma
atma ), ;/99>, fa agrmsa3
agrmsa3
ettp3//www.sero .lrz/FmnafBssums/MopflyomhtFaw.
p. ;1:‗ KbffNatms sjrba, èhtr-uh artbjlf èh Hmw Rlr` Wboms...
K. Natms, "Zeaom bs hlt tem slfutblh"

lh" (‘Hu ruŜbhma mstm slfuŪba ), èh Wem
Wem Hmw
Hmw Rlr`
lr` Wboms
boms,, ;; dmkr
dmkrua
uarb
rbmm ;91;
;91;..
p. ;1= ‗ Cuhm Wahnhmy

Wahnhmy Ŝb [lhga Gmarbhn,
hn, jmrjmtĊtlarm.
mtĊtlarm.....
C.Y. WahnhmyŜb [.
[. Gmarbhn,
Gmarbhn,
Zeaom ahg Nubft ([uŜbhma Ŝb vbha), Hmw Rlr`, Nubdlhb, ;;99;.

p. ;15‗ ...autlrb
.autlrb prmjuo
prmjuokmfb ell`s ŜbYaufl Drmbrm.....
Y. Drmbrm, Ymganlny
Drmbrm, Ymganlny ld tem Lpprmssmg (Ymganlnba jmflr lprboaŪb), Hmw Rlr`, Jlhtbhuuo, 12>9.
k. ell`s, Wmajebhn
ell`s, Wmajebhn tl Wrahsnrmss3 Mgujatblh as tem Yrbjm ld Drmmglo (Yrmgarma pmhtru gmpĊŜbrm. MgujaŪba ja prmŪ af
fbkmrtĊŪbb), Hmw Rlr`, [lutfmgnm, 1227.
p. ;12‗ ...prldmslr
.prldmslruf
uf gmasbstmhŪĊ
mhŪĊ sljbafĊGmhhbsZafmmkmy
Zafmmkmy...
...
G. Zafmmkmy
Zafmmkmy, "Wem
"Wem strmhntes
rmhntes pmrspmjtbvm
rspmjtbvmbh sljbaf
sljbaf wlr` prajtbjm3
bjm3Mxtmhsblhs ahg jautblh
jautblhs"
s" (‘YmrspmjtbvadlrŪmflr
dlrŪmflr èhprajtbja
ja asbstmh
asbstmhŪmb
Ūmb sljbafm
sljbafm. Yrmfuhnbrb
rb ŜbprmjauŪbb
prmjauŪbb
), èh Zljbaf ^lr`, 71,

:/1224, pp. ;24-:94.
p. ;:9‗ èhtr-uh bhtmrvud
mrvud]oat
]oat pmhto.
pmhto.JHH/Olhmy
JHH/Olhmy...
...
X /
HLWM ŘB [MD M[BHūM ;2>

p. ;41‗ ...uh stugbu èhtrmprbhs
èhtrmprbhsgm J.[.
J.[. Zhygmr...
...
J.[. Zhygmr, Ysyjelflny
Zhygmr, Ysyjelflny ld Elpm3 Rlu Jah Nmt Wemrm drlo Emrm (Ysbelflnba spmrahŪmb. YlŪb acuhnm ajlfl gm abjb), mgbŪbm krlŜatĊ, Hmw Rlr`, Drmm
Yrmss, ;99:.
J.[. Zhygmr, @mhhmte A. Fmeoah, Kmh @uj` Ŝb Rhnvm Olhsslh, "Elpm dlr rmeakbfbtatblh ahg vbjm vmrsa" (‘ZcpmrahŪa gm rmakbfbtarm Ŝb vbjmvmrsa"), èh [meakbfbtatblh Ysyjelflny, =1,;/;994, pp. 52-
11;.
J.[. Zhygmr, "Elpm temlry3 [abhklws bh tem obhg" (‘ Btlrba spmrahŪmb. Jurjukmm èh obhtm"), èh Ysyjelflnbjaf Bhqubry, 1:,7/;99;,pp. ;72-;>=.
AhmxĊ
Ab èhjrmgmrm èh jmma jm spuh gatmfm3

Wmlrba mfaklrĊrbb prlnrmsbvm Ŝb prljmsuf omu gm jmrjmtarm
p. ;>7‗ Yrbhjbpbuf
hjbpbuf tmlrbmb
tmlrbmb mfaklrĊrbb
faklrĊrbb prlnrmsbvm.
lnrmsbvm.....
K. Nfasmr Ŝb A. Ztrauss, Wem
Ztrauss, Wem Gbsjlvmry ld Nrluhgmg Wemlry (Gmsjlpmrbrma tmlrbmb mfaklrĊrbb prlnrmsbvm), Jebjanl, Afgbhm,
124>.
K. Nfasmr, Wemlrmtbjaf
Nfasmr, Wemlrmtbjaf Zmhsbtbvbty3 Agvahjms bh tem Omtelglflny ld Nrluhgmg Wemlry (Zmhsbkbfbtatma tmlrmtbjĊ. Yrlnrmsm èh omtlglflnba tmlrbmb
prlnrmsbvm), Obff Taffmy (Jafbdlrhba), Zljblflnbjaf Yrmss, 12>5. K. Nfasmr, Kasbjs ld Nrluhgmg Wemlry3 Momrnmhjm vmrsus Dlrobhn
mfaklrĊrbb prlnrmsbvm), Obff
(Duhgaomhtmfm tmlrbmb mfaklrĊrbb prlnrmsbvm. MomrnmhŪĊ jlhtra dlroarm), Obff Taffmy (Jafbdlrhba), Zljblflnbjaf Yrmss, 122;. K. Nfasmr, Glbhn
Nrluhgmg Wemlry3 Bssums ahg Gbsjussblhs (Yrajtbja tmlrbmb mfaklrĊrbb prlnrmsbvm. Yrlkfmom Ŝb gbsjuŪbb), Obff Taffmy (Jafbdlrhba), Zljblflnbjaf Yrmss,
1225. K. Nfasmr, Wem
Nfasmr, Wem Nrluhgmg Wemlry Ymrspmjtbvm3 Jlhjmptuafbzatblh Jlhtrastmg wbte Gmsjrbptblh (Ymrspmjtbva tmlrbmb mfaklrĊrbb prlnrmsbvm.
Jlhjmptuafbzarma èh jlhtrast ju gmsjrbmrma , Obff Taffm Jafbdlrh
Jlhjmptuafbzarma Jafbdlrhba
ba , Zljblfl
Zljblfl bjaf Yrmss,
Yrmss, ;991.
;991.
;25
p. ;>= ‗ GupĊ jm ao mfaklrat
mfaklrat l tmlrbm a rmzbfbmhŪm
rmzbfbmhŪmb fa ruŜbhm...
ruŜbhm...
K. Krlwh,
Krlwh,;(997,
;(997, ;99=,
;99=, ;992,
;992, ;919.
;919.
K. Nfasmr Ŝb A. Ztrauss, Wem Gbsjlvmry ld Nrluhgmg Wemlry (Gmsjlpmrbrma tmlrbmb mfaklrĊrbb prlnrmsbvm ), Jebjanl, Afgbhm,
124>.
‗
‗ ...
p. ;>> Ŝb èokuhĊtĊŪbtĊ
gm Nfasmr...
K. Nfasmr, 12>5,122;,1225
12>5,122;,1225,, ;991.
p. ;>> ‗ MŜahtblharma
MŜahtblharma tmlrmtbjĊ..
bjĊ...
K. Nfasmr
Nfasmr, 12>5.
p. ;>> ‗ ]h prbhjbpbu

pbu oplrtaht
oplrtaht af tmlrbmb
mb mfaklrĊrbb
mfaklrĊrbb prlnrmsb
prlnrmsbvm..
vm...
K. Nfasmr,
Nfasmr, 12>5,1225,
1225, ;991.
p. ;>5 ‗ ...‘Wltuf rmprmzbhtĊ gatm ŜtbbhŪbdbjm"...
dbjm"...
K. Nfasmr
Nfasmr, 1225.
p. ;59 ‗ .. .bhtmrvbuf gm tbp jlhvmrsaŪbm acustatĊ...

K. Nfasmr
Nfasmr, 12>5, 1225.
J]Y[BHZ
Juvë
Juvëht
ht-è
-èha
habh
bhtm
tm fa mgbŪ
mgbŪba
ba èh fbok
fbokaa rloë
rloëhĊ,
hĊ,
g m Nësp
Nëspër
ër Nyl
Nyl rn
rn y Ŝb Ltbf
Ltbfba
ba Oah
Oah tmf
tmfmr
mrss =
[mj uhlŜtbhŪa oma 11
‘Jurac dĊrĊ fbobtm" 1=

Bht rlgu jmrm 3 Avmht ur bfm om fm èh ar mhĊ 1>
Japbtlfuf 1
HmoufŪu obrma3 L aha fbzĊ a juftur bb fub
‘HbjblgatĊ hu-b gmstuf" :1
Japbtlfuf ;
Gm oasjarm a obturbflr vufhm rak bfbtĊŪ bb 77
Japbtlfuf :
Jm mstm ruŜbhma Ŝb juo fupŪb èopltrbva mb
(sau j uo fupŪ b ju spbrbgu Ŝbb ru Ŝbhbb) >9
Japbtlfuf 7
Aroura èopltrbva vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb 1;5
Japbtlfuf =
AtmhŪbm fa bhtmrvaf! Juo sĊ juftbvb sjebokarma
Ŝb sĊ rmgujb smhtbomhtuf gm èhstrĊbharm jrmat
gm gmta Ŝa rma molŪblhafĊ 12;
Japbtlfuf 4
ZĊ hm asuoĊo l sjebokarm ragbjafĊ, rmuoahbzëhg ouhja Ŝb mgujaŪba

;9:
Japbtlfuf >
Yarmhtbhn-uf, mfmomht af vbmŪbb trĊbtm gbh pfbh3
sĊ èhgrĊzhbo sĊ dbo aŜa juo ao vrma
sĊ dbm jlpbbb hlŜtrb ;:7
Nëhgurb gm èhjembmrm ;42

AhmxĊ. Ab èhjrmgmrm èh jmma jm spuh gatmfm3
Wmlrba mfaklrĊrbb prlnrmsbvm Ŝb prljmsuf omu
gm jmrjmtarm ;>:
Hltm Ŝb rmdmr bhŪm ;5=

K[L^H
YrldmslarĊ uhbvmrsbtarĊ, autlarm
autlarm gm jĊrŪb sb
artbjlfm
Ŝb vlrkbtlarm èh pukfbj gbh Ztatmfm ]hbtm,

]hbtm, Krmhm
Krlwh mstm
mstm ajtuafomhtm jmrjmtĊtlarm
jmrjmtĊtlarm fa Jlfmnbuf
Jlfmnbuf
Ylstuhbvmrsbtar gm AsbstmhtĊ ZljbafĊ gm fa
]hbvmrsbtatma gbh Elustlh, Wmxas, èh uftbobb

glbsprmzmjm ahb, s-a ljupat gm jmrjmtarm èhtr-l
èhtr-l
arbm farnĊ gm sukbmjtm, jarm bhjfugm
vufhmrakbfbtatma, juracuf, smhtbomhtuf vaflrbb
pmrslhafm Ŝb jmf af ruŜbhbb, Ŝb a Ūbhut
Ūbhut jlhdmrbhŪm pm
ajmstm tmom, vbzblhatm pm Bhtmrhmt èh tlatĊ fuoma.
gbstahŪmb Ŝb juftbvarm a bopfbjĊrbb! èh bhtmrvbu, tatĊf ob-a spus jĊ gbsjuŪba èb dĊjusm pm tlŪb sĊ sm sbotĊ dlartm vufhmrakbfb Ŝb jĊ
pfëhnma u ju tlŪbb, pëhĊ fa èhje mbmrm a jlh vmrsa Ūbmb. Ob-a spus jĊ daptuf jĊ-b èopĊrtĊ Ŝbsm d bufub sĊu pr lprbbfm prlkfmom gbh ahb b
gm fbjmu èb aprlpbasm dlartm ouft.
Trmau sĊ sukfbhbmz jĊ asmomhma mxmopfm hu suht boanbharm, fm-ao fuat gbh bhtmrvburb. Řb hu, hu
putmo d b èhtr uha olg mfm

Brene Brown Curajul de A Fi Vulnerabil

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J][AC]F

daŪĊ a dlst tragusĊ èh pmstm trmbzmjb gm fbokb, èh tlatĊ fuoma.

Gmsjrbmrma J1Y a Kbkfbltmjbb HaŪblhafm a [loëhbmb

J]TAHW-BHABHWM fa mgbŪba èh fboka rloëhĊ

juvëht-Bhabhtm fa mgbŪba èh fboka rloëhĊ >

BHW[LG]JM[M Avmhturbfm omfm èh armhĊ

ATMHW][BFM OMFM BH A[MHA 12

ATMHW][BFM OMFM È H A[MHċ ;1

ATMHW][BFM OMFM È H A[MHċ ;:

ATMHW][BFM OMFM ÈH A[MHċ

ATMHW][BFM OMFM ÈH A[MHċ ;>

ATMHW][BFM OMFM ÈH A[MHċ ;2

Yrbvbhg harjbsbsouf prbh prbsoa vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb

L AHAFBSċ A J]FW][BB F]B ‘HBJBLGAWċ H]-B GMZW]F"

L AHAFBSċ A J]FW][BB F]B ‘HBJBLGAWċ H]-B GMZW]F"

L AHAFBSċ A J]FW][BB F]B ‘HBJBLGAWċ H]-B GMZW]F"

GMOAZJA[MA OBW][BFL[ T]FHM[AKBFBWċūBB 7=

B 8b3oasjarma obturbflr vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb

B 8MOAZJA[MA obturbflr vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb =1

B )@OAZJA[MA OBW][BFL[ T]FHM[AKBFBWċūBB

Obtuf hr. ;0 Hu stĊ èh dbrma oma sĊ dbu vufhmrakbf

Obtuf hr. :3 ZĊ dbb vufhmrakbf èhsmaohĊ sĊ rmhuhŪb fa bhtbobtatm

GMOAZJA[MA OBW][BFL[ T]FHM[AKBFBWċūBB

B )@OAZJA[MA OBW][BFL[ T]FHM[AKBFBWċūBB

B 8M OAZJA[MA OBW][BFL[ T]FHM[AKBFBWċūBB 4:

B 81 OAZJA[MA OBW][BFL[ T]FHM[AKBFBWċūBB

Obtuf hr. 73 Jmf oab boplrtaht mstm sĊ tm gmsjurjb gm uhuf sbhnur

1 u.oasjarma obturbflr vufhmrakbfbtĊŪbb

B)! AOAZJA[MA OBW][BFL[ T]FHM[AKBFBWċūBB 42

( 3m mstm ruŜbhma Ŝb juo fupŪb èopltrbva mb

Ob-a mxpfbjat, ju l dbnurĊ stëhcmhbtĊ3

( 3` mstm ruŜbhma Ŝb juo fupŪb Èopltrbva mb

1B MZWM []ŘBHMA ŘB J]O F]YūB ÈOYLW[BTA MB

afkuo. (h. trag) - 3` mstm

ruŜbhma Ŝb juo fupŪb Èopltrbva mb

Jm mstm ruŜbhma Ŝb gm jm m atët gm nrmu sĊ vlrkmŜtb gmsprm ma<

' D. MZWM []ŘBHMA ŘB J]O F]YūB ÈOYLW[BTA MB 51

6 M MZWM []ŘBHMA ŘB J]O F]YūB ÈOYLW[BTA ÈOYLW[BTA MB 5:

(fuo sm gmlsmkmŜtm ruŜbhma gm vbhĊ, uobfbhŪĊ Ŝb stëhcmhmafĊ<

Ao èhŪmfms pmrdmjt3 ruŜbhma m jmva rĊu. Jm

JM MZWM []ŘBHMA ŘB J]O F]YūB ÈOYLW[BTA MB 52

( 3m mstm ruŜbhma Ŝb juo fupŪb èopltrbva mb

6 3` mstm ruŜbhma Ŝb j uo fupŪb èopltrbva mb

JM MZWM []ŘBHMA ŘB J]O F]YūB ÈOYLW[BTA MB

Yëhzm gm pĊbahcmh Ŝb jutbb3 gm jm kĊrkaŪbb Ŝb dmombfm trĊbmsj ruŜbhma èh olg

ouft Ŝb o-a èhtrmkat3

A gat gbh jap Ŝb a spus3

au uopfut ljebb gm fajrbob Ŝb ob-a spus3

JM MZWM []ŘBHMA ŘB J]O F]YūB ÈOYLW[BTA MB 22

dmombfm Ŝb japjaha ruŜbhbb

AobhtmŜtm-Ūb jmfm gluĊsprmzmjm jatmnlrbb gm ruŜbhm ‗ èhdĊŪbŜarma Ŝb boanbhma jlrplrafĊ, sbtuaŪba

JM MZWM []ŘBHMA ŘB J]O F]YūB ÈOYLW[BTA MB 191

19; J][AC]F GM A DB T]FHM[AKBF

JM MZWM []ŘBHMA ŘB J]O F]YūB ÈOYLW[BTA MB 19:

LD. MZWM []ŘBHMA ŘB J]O F]YūB ÈOYLW[BTA MB

Juo trĊbmsj kĊrkaŪbb ruŜbhma

JM MZWM []ŘBHMA ŘB J]O F]YūB ÈOYLW[BTA MB

[mhuhŪĊ fa plstura ‘kĊrkatufub gm gupĊ

JM MZWM []ŘBHMA ŘB J]O F]YūB ÈOYLW[BTA MB

JM MZWM []ŘBHMA ŘB J]O F]YūB ÈOYLW[BTA MB

Durba sau bhebkarma durbmb

èh ajmf olomht, ao èhŪmfms juo duhjŪblhmazĊ fuoma Ŝb jm èhsmaohĊ sĊ dbb kĊrkat3

JM MZWM []ŘBHMA ŘB J]O F]YūB ÈOYLW[BTA MB