CONCLUSION

Unit Learning Outcomes

 Determine resistance of a resistor from the color code.
 Determine resistance of a resistor by the use of an ohmmeter.
 Determine resistance of a resistor by using measured current and voltage values.

There are many different types of Resistor available which can be used in both electrical and electronic circuits to
control the flow of current or to produce a voltage drop in many different ways. But in order to do this the actual resistor
needs to have some form of “resistive” or “resistance” value. Resistors are available in a range of different resistance
values from fractions of an Ohm (Ω) to millions of Ohms.
The resistance value, tolerance, and wattage rating are generally printed onto the body of the resistor as numbers
or letters when the resistors body is big enough to read the print, such as large power resistors. But when the resistor is
small such as a 1/4-watt carbon or film type, these specifications must be shown in some other manner as the print would
be too small to read.
So, to overcome this, small resistors use colored painted bands to indicate both their resistive value and their
tolerance with the physical size of the resistor indicating its wattage rating. These colored painted bands produce a system
of identification generally known as a Resistors Color Code.
Ohmmeter is another interesting measuring instrument that is used for measuring the resistance between any two
points in the circuit. It is of extreme importance and is widely used in circuit analysis and debugging nowadays.
As we know that the units of resistance are ohms, so we know that where the name of this device comes from, as
it measures the ohms between any two points in the circuit. For measuring the amount of resistance in the circuit, the first
and foremost thing that needs to be checked is that the ohmmeter should have its own built in voltage supply. This can be
in the form of a small battery, typically 1.5 volts used for normal everyday purposes, but different ratings are also
available.
The need for a built in voltage supply arises from the fact that for measuring the resistance, the ohmmeter passes
the current through that place and then measures the drop in voltage that is the resistance through the output value of the
current. For measuring the unknown resistance, the voltage supply of the circuit is first turned off and then the two probes
of the ohmmeter are connected to the two points between which the value of resistance needs to be measured. The red
probe is connected to the positive side of the circuit and the black probe is connected to the ground side of the circuit.
The most basic law describing the flow of electric current is Ohm’s law, which relates voltage (V) and current (I)
to resistance (R): V = I x R. In other words, the voltage supplied to a circuit is equal to the current flowing through the
circuit multiplied by the total resistance of the circuit. Another way to express this same relationship is I = V x R. This
means that the current flowing through a circuit is equal to the voltage supplied to the circuit divided by the total
resistance of the circuit.
Ohm’s law applies not only to entire circuits but also to individual components. With a resistor, energy is
dissipated as current flows through the resistive material, and this energy loss is manifested as a voltage drop, which is the
difference between the voltages at the two terminals of the resistor. Thus, Ohm’s law provides the essential approach to
measuring the value of a resistor: if you know the voltage drop across the resistor and the current flowing through the
resistor, you know the resistance.

II. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS