Experiment No.

04
RC coupled Multistage CE-CC Cascade Amplifier

OBJECTIVE
 Construct an RC coupled Multistage Amplifier with a Common Emitter
amplificationanda Common Collector buffering stage thenanalyze its performance
in terms of gain, input and output impedance.

EQUIPMENT
Instruments
• Digital Multimeter (DMM)
• Oscilloscope with probes.
• Function generator.
Components
• Transistors: 2N3904 (02)
• Resistors: 68 kΩ,10kΩ (03), 6.8 kΩ (02), 1KOhm
• Capacitors: 0.1F, 0.1F, 10µF (02)
• Potentiometer 1 kΩ, 5 kΩ, 100 kΩ,500 kΩ

THEORY
In practical applications, the output of a single stage amplifier is usually insufficient.
Hence they are replaced by Multi-stage transistor amplifiers.

In Multi-stage amplifiers, the output of first stage is coupled to the input of next stage
using a coupling device like capacitor. This process of joining two amplifier stages using a
coupling device can be called as Cascading.

The following figure shows a two-stage amplifier connected in cascade.

The overall gain is the product of voltage gain of individual stages. It is necessary to
study the loading effect and the source resistance of each amplification stage in a multi-stage
amplifier.

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CIRCUITDIAGRAM

VO1

Fig 4.1: RC coupled Multistage Amplifier.

PROCEDURE

1. Using a Multimeter, measure the value of all Resistors and Capacitors being used in the
circuit. Also verify working of your BJT by testing it with DMM.
2. To find Q point:
Connect the circuit without Vinand capacitors. Set Vcc= 15V. Measure dc voltages at the base
VB1,VB2,collector Vc1, VC2 and Emitter VE1, VE2 with respect to ground. Determine VCE1, VCE2
and IC1, IC2. The Q pointsare respectively Q1 (VCE1 ,IC1) and Q2 (VCE2,IC2).
3. Now connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram.
4. Mid-band Gain and Mid-band frequency:
a. Connect the signal generator and apply a sine wave of peak-to peak amplitude 10mV at
10kHz.
b. Connect input (Vin) and first stage output VO1and actual outputVOof the circuit separately
to oscilloscope channelsand observe the waveforms.
c. Vary the frequency of the input signal (between 1 kHz till 1 MHz) till the output signal
VO maximizes.
d. If the output signal becomes distorted, reduce the input signal amplitude till the output
signal is free of distortion.
e. Once maximum is achieved, note down the peak to peak amplitude of Vin, VO1and VO.

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 f. Calculate Mid-band voltage gainof both amplifier stages using the values evaluated in
last step AV1 = VO1/Vin and AV2 = VO/VO1and overall voltagegain GV.
g. The frequency at which maximum gain is achieved is the mid-band frequency.

5. Input impedance:

POT

Vo
Vin

Fig 4.2: Input impedance finding technique.

a. Connect a Potentiometer (POT) between input voltage source and the base of the
transistor (series connection).
 Set Potentiometer (POT) to zero.
 Keep Input sine wave amplitude to the one evaluated in step 4(e).
 Keep Input sine wave frequency to any mid band frequencyevaluated in step
4(f).
b. Connect AC voltmeter (Range: 0-10V) across the biasing resistor R2.
c. Vary the value of Potentiometer such that the AC voltmeter reads a voltage half of the
inputsignal value.
d. Measure the value of the potentiometer with a multimeter. This is the Input Impedance at
mid-band frequency.
6. Output impedance:

Pot Vo
Vin

Fig 4.3: Output impedance finding technique.

a. Connect a Potentiometer between input voltage source and the base of the transistor
(series connection)
b. Set the following:
 Potentiometer to maximum value.

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  Keep Input sine wave amplitude to the one evaluated in step 4(e).
 Keep Input sine wave frequency to any mid band frequency evaluated in step
4(f).
c. Connect AC voltmeter (Range: 0-10 V) across the biasing resistor RE2 and measure
Output Voltage.
d. Decrease Potentiometer till output voltage reduces to one half of the one achieved in
step 6(c).
e. Measure the value of the potentiometer with a multimeter. This is the Output Impedance
at mid-band frequency.
6. Theoretical Calculations:
a. Solve the circuit using a pen and paper and evaluate the theoretical values of the mid-
band gain, input and output impedance.
7. Observations:
a. Write down your observations in the Conclusions portion.

Table 4.1: Measured Circuit Parameter

Parameter Measured Parameter Measured
Name Value Name Value
Cb1 0.1uF R3 10kΩ
Ce1 10uF R4 10kΩ
Cc1 0.1uF VCC 15V
R1 68kΩ VCE1 3.68V
R2 10kΩ VCE2 2.59V
RE1 1kΩ IC 376.197uA
RC1 6.8kΩ β 250
RE2 6.8kΩ Ce2 10uF

Table 4.2: Representation of Mid-band gain and frequency

Input Output Output
Freq. GV = GV (dB) =
Voltage Voltage Voltage Av1= Av2=
(Hz) AV! * AV2 20log GV
(Vi) (VO1) (VO) VO1/Vin VO2/VO1
400kHz 10mV 1.2mV 1.191V 12uA 9925mA 1191mA 1.518

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 Table 4.3: Comparison of theoretical and practical values
Practical
Input impedance 2KΩ
Output impedance 6.8V
Mid-band Gain 1.518

CONCLUSION
Construct an RC coupled Multistage Amplifier with a Common Emitter amplification and
a Common Collector buffering stage then analyze its performance in terms of gain, input
and output impedance.
Activity Name  Experiment No 4
Group No. 01 Section
Student Roll No. 5611

C P Domain Awarded Score (out of 4 for each cell)
L L + Exe mplary
Beginning Developing
O O Taxonomy (1) (2) Accomplished (4)
Student is With (3) Student is
unable to instructor/ With able to
design supervisor’s instructor/ independentl
systems, guidance, supervisor’s y design
guidance, systems,
No. Criteria components student is able
and/or to partially student is able components
processes to design to fully design and/or
meet systems, systems, processes to
specificatio components components meet
ns despite and/or and/or specification
instructor/ processes to processes to s without
supervisor’s meet meet instructor/
specifications. supervisor’s
guidance. specifications.
guidance.

1 4 2 P4 Design systems, components and/or processes to

meet specifications
Effectively document/ communicate performed
2 5 10 A3 activities

Signature WithDate:____ _

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