TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE.......................................................................................................................................... 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..........................................................................................................2-4
LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... 5
LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... 6
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS ............................................................................. 7

CHAPTER 1: Project Background ............................................................................................ 8

The Project ...................................................................................................................... 9
Location Map ................................................................................................................... 9
Project Objective ........................................................................................................... 10
The Client ...................................................................................................................... 10
Scope and Limitations ................................................................................................... 11
CHAPTER 2: Design Inputs .................................................................................................... 12
Architectural Plans......................................................................................................... 13
Perspective ........................................................................................................ 14
Vicinity Map ...................................................................................................... 15
Site Development Plan ...................................................................................... 16
Floor Plans......................................................................................................... 22
Elevations .......................................................................................................... 26
Structural Plans ............................................................................................................. 27
Column Plans .................................................................................................... 30
Initial Member Sizes ...................................................................................................... 43
CHAPTER 3: Pre-Design Analysis ......................................................................................... 44
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………...…45
Design Criteria............................................................................................................... 45
Design Codes, Standards, and Specifications.................................................... 45
Materials and Specifications .............................................................................. 45
Computer Software and Programs ..................................................................... 45
Design Loads ................................................................................................................ 46
Minimum Loads ................................................................................................. 46
Dead Loads ............................................................................................ 48
 Live Loads .............................................................................................. 48
Wind load Analysis ........................................................................................................ 63
Seismic Load Analysis................................................................................................... 64

LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER 1: Project Background ............................................................................................ 8
PAGE

CHAPTER 2: Design Inputs .................................................................................................... 17

Table 2.1: Initial Slab Thickness for Upper Ground Floor …………………………………… 50 - 51
Table 2.2: Initial Slab Thickness for Second Floor ……………………………………………. 52 –
55
Table 2.3: Initial Slab Thickness for Third Floor ………………………………………………. 55 –
58
Table 2.4: Initial Slab Thickness for Fourth Floor …………………………………………….. 58 –
61
Table 2.5: Initial Slab Thickness for Roof Deck ……………………………………………….. 61 –
65
Table 2.6: Initial Slab Thickness for Roof Slab ………………………………………………... 65 –
68
Table 2.7: Initial Beam Sizes for Upper Ground Floor ………………………………………. 71 – 74
Table 2.8: Initial Beam Sizes for Second Floor ………………………………………………. 74 – 79
Table 2.9: Initial Beam Sizes for Third Floor …………………………………………………. 80 – 85
Table 2.10: Initial Beam Sizes for Fourth Floor ……………………………………………… 85 – 91
Table 2.11: Initial Beam Sizes for Roof Deck ………………………………………………… 91 – 96
Table 2.12: Initial Beam Sizes for Roof Beams ……………………………………………… 97 -102
Table 2.13: Initial Column Size for Upper Ground Floor …………………………………. 104 – 105
Table 2.14: Initial Column Size for Second Floor …………………………………………. 105 – 106
Table 2.15: Initial Column Size for Third Floor ……………………………………………. 108 – 110
Table 2.16: Initial Column Size for Fourth Floor ………………………………………….. 110 – 112
Table 2.17: Initial Column Size for Roof Deck …………………………………………….. 112 – 114
Table 2.18: Initial Column Size for Roof …………………………………………………… 114 – 116
Table 2.19: Initial Footing Size for Foundation on Lower Ground ………………………. 118 – 119
Table 2.20: Initial Footing Size for Foundation on Upper Ground ……………………………… 120

CHAPTER 3: Pre-Design Analysis ....................................................................................... 121

Table 3.1: Dead Load Components ……………………………………………………………….. 126

Table 3.2: Live Load Components …………………………………………………………………. 127

Table 3.3: Hatch Legend of SDL on Slabs ………………………………………………………... 129
Table 3.4: Hatch Legend of LL/SLL on Slabs …………………………………………………….. 130
Table 3.5: Summary of Equivalent Uniform Stair Load Computation …………………………....
136
Table 3.6: Staad Model Support Reactions from Stair Load Computation ……………………. 138
Table 3.7: Seismic Importance Factors (NSCP Table 208-1, 208.4.2) ………………………... 144

Table 3.8: Soil Profile Types (NSCP Table 208-2,208.4.3.1) ………………………………….. 144

Table 3.9: Seismic Zone Factor, Z (NSCP Table 208-3, 208.4.3.1) …………………………… 144

Table 3.10: Near Source Factor, Na (NSCP 208-5, 208.4.4.3) ………………………………… 145

Table 3.11: Near Source Factor, Nv (NSCP 208-6, 208.4.4.3) ………………………………… 145

Table 3.12: Seismic Coefficient, Ca (NSCP 208-7,Section 208.4.4.4) ………………………... 145

Table 3.13: Seismic Coefficient, Cv (NSCP 208-8, 208.4.4.4) …………………………………...

146

Table3.14: Earthquake Force-Resisting Structural Systems of Concrete

(NSCP 208-11A,208.7.2.3) …………………………………………………………... 146

Table 3.15: Structure Irregularities (NSCP 208-9/10,208.4.5.2) ………………………………. 147

Table 3.16: Self-weight of Slab …………………………………………………………………….. 152
Table 3.17: Self-weight of Beams/Girders ………………………………………………… 152 – 159
Table 3.18: Self-weight of Columns ……………………………………………………………….. 159
Table 3.19: Joint Reactions on Foundation from ETABS …………………………...…… 160 – 161
Table 3.20: Joint Reactions on Upper Foundation from ETABS ………………………... 162 – 164
Table 3.21: Modal Participating Mass Ratios ……………………….......................................... 169
Table 3.22: Base Shear ........................................................................................................... 170
Table 3.23: Occupancy Category (NSCP Table 103-1,103.1) ..................................... 172 – 173
Table 3.24: Wind Directionality Factor, Kd (NSCP 207A.6-1 ; Section 207A.7.1) …………….. 175

Table 3.25: Terrain Exposure Constants (NSCP 207A.9) ………………………………………. 176

Table 3.26: Internal Pressure Coefficient. (GCpi) (NSCP 207A.11) ......................................... 177
Table 3.27: Wall Pressure Coefficient, Cp…………………………………………………………. 177
Table 3.28: Cp along X ……………………………………………………………………………… 181
Table 3.29: Cp along Z ……………………………………………………………………………… 181
Table 3.30: Sample Computation for Kz ………………………………………………………….. 182
Table 3.31: Sample Computation for qz…………………………………………………………… 182
Table 3.32: Wind Pressure (Windward) Along X ..................................................................... 182
Table 3.33: Wind Pressure (Windward) Along Z ..................................................................... 183
Table 3.34: Wind Pressure (Leeward) Along X ....................................................................... 183
Table 3.35: Wind Pressure (Leeward) Along Z ....................................................................... 183
Table 3.36: Wind Pressure (Side Wall) Along X ...................................................................... 183
Table 3.37: Wind Pressure (Side Wall) Along Z ...................................................................... 184
 LIST OF FIGURES
CHAPTER 1: Project Background ............................................................................................ 8
Figure 1.1 Project Location Map.............................................................................................

Figure 1.2: Project Location Map Blow-up Plan..........................................................

Figure 1.3: Elevation Map..........................................................

Figure 1.4: Representative Drawings in Perspectives of the Lot Area..............................

Figure 1.5: Contour Map..........................................................

CHAPTER 2: Design Inputs .................................................................................................... 17

Figure 2.1: Vicinity Map..........................................................
Figure 2.2-A: Front View Perspective..........................................................
Figure 2.2-B: Rear View Perspective..........................................................
Figure 2.2-C: Side View Perspective..........................................................
Figure 2.3: Site Development Plan ..........................................................
Figure 2.4: Lower Ground Floor Plan..........................................................
Figure 2.5: Upper Ground Floor Plan..........................................................
Figure 2.6: Second Floor Plan..........................................................
Figure 2.7: Third Floor Plan..........................................................
Figure 2.8: Fourth Floor Plan..........................................................
Figure 2.9: Roof Deck Floor Plan..........................................................
Figure 2.10: Hotel Room Details Plan..........................................................
Figure 2.11: Roof Plan..........................................................
Figure 2.13: Rear Elevation Plan..........................................................
Figure 2.14: Left-side Elevation Plan..........................................................
Figure 2.15: Right-side Elevation Plan..........................................................
Figure 2.16: Longitudinal Section Thru A-A..........................................................
Figure 2.17: Cross Section Thru B-B..........................................................
Figure 2.18: Upper Ground Floor Framing Plan..........................................................
Figure 2.19: Second Floor Framing Plan..........................................................
Figure 2.20: Typical Third Floor to Roof Deck Framing Plan.....................................................
Figure 2.21: Roof Framing Plan..........................................................
Figure 2.22: Lower Ground Foundation Plan..........................................................
Figure 2.23: Upper Ground Foundation Plan..........................................................
Figure 2.25: UG to Roof Deck Column Plan..........................................................
Figure 2.26: Upper Ground Slab Location Plan..........................................................
Figure 2.27: Second Floor Slab Location Plan..........................................................
Figure 2.28: Typical Third Floor to Roof Deck Slab Location Plan..............................................

CHAPTER 3: Pre-Design Analysis ....................................................................................... 121

Figure 3.1: Upper Ground Floor Dead Load and Live Load Map................................................
Figure 3.2: Second Floor Dead Load and Live Load Map..........................................................
Figure 3.3: Third Floor Dead Load and Live Load Map..........................................................
Figure 3.4: Fourth Floor Dead Load and Live Load Map..........................................................
Figure 3.5: Roof Deck Dead Load and Live Load..........................................................
Figure 3.6: Representation of Stairs with Uniformly Distributed Load.................................
Figure 3.7: Dimension of Stairs for Uniform Load Computation............................................
Figure 3.8: Staad Model for Governing Stair Uniform Load.............................................
Figure 3.9: Staad Model for Governing Stair Bending Moment................................................
Figure 3.10: Geometric Model using STAAD Vi8..........................................................
Figure 3.11: Properties of Members ..........................................................
Figure 3.12: Materials of Members ..........................................................
Figure 3.13: Specification of Members ..........................................................
Figure 3.14: Wind Load Input ..........................................................
Figure 3.15: Seismic Input ..........................................................
Figure 3.16: Sample Wind Pressure......................................................
Figure 3.18 Location from Nearest Fault..........................................................
Figure 3.19: Representative Drawing for Structure Maximum Displacements.....................
Figure 3.20: Representative Drawing for Type 3 Structure Irregularity......................................
Figure 3.21: Seismic Analysis Flowchart..........................................................
Figure 3.22: Geometric Model of the Structure ..........................................................
Figure 3.23: Seismic Load Pattern for Load Case in x-direction.........................................
Figure 3.24: Seismic Load Pattern for Load Case in y-direction...........................................
Figure 3.25: Mass Source Data on ETABS..........................................................
Figure 3.26: Modal Case Data..........................................................
Figure 3.27: Response Spectrum Function using UBC
97..........................................................
Figure 3.28: Defined Load Case Data of Response Spectrum...................................................
Figure 3.29 : Storey Response Values..........................................................
Figure 3.30: Representative Drawing Showing Structural Frame....................................
Figure 3.31: Basic Wind Speed for Occupancy Category III, IV, and V Buildings (NSCP 207A.5-
1A, 207A.7.1)..........................................................
Figure 3.32: Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient Kz..........................................................
Figure 3.33: Velocity Pressure, qz..........................................................
Figure 3.34: Wind Loads for Rigid Buildings (NSCP 207B.4-1)...............................................
Figure 3.35: Wind Load for Flexible Buildings (NSCP 207B.4-20)............................................
Figure 3.36: Wind Analysis Flowchart..........................................................
Figure 3.37: d1 and d2, Google Earth Pro..........................................................
Figure 3.38: Pressure Diagram (Along X, +GCpi)..........................................................
Figure 3.39: Pressure Diagram (Along Z, +GCpi)..........................................................
Figure 3.40: Pressure Diagram (Along X, -GCpi)..........................................................
Figure 3.41: Pressure Diagram (Along Z, -GCpi)..........................................................
CHAPTER 1: Project
Background

8
THE PROJECT
Being one of the top tourist spots in Manila, the capital of the Philippines which is
located south of the Pasig River and east of Manila Bay, the Walled City of Intramuros
in Manila City was built by the Spaniards some 400 years ago as their political and
military base in Asia. Also, Intramuros is located near famous colleges and universities
in the country.
In consideration of the continuous growth of population because of people
working and studying nearby the location with the increasing presence of economic and
industrial opportunities invites more people to stay and live in Manila. In order to
accommodate the propagating number of people wanting to live in the location, the
designer intends to produce DELUXE, a proposed four (4) storey condominium with
elevator parking garage that has a land area of 15,906 sq.m. which is located in Soriano
Avenue.
The parking garage is connected to the condominium in every floor by steel
walkway. The parking has 4 elevators for entrance and exit, also it has spiral ramp.
DELUXE has 220 rooms that can accommodate up to 8 people and 220 parking slots
for each room.
PROJECT LOCATION
The project is planned to be built at Soriano Avenue Intramuros Manila. The
project has a land area of 15,906 sq.m. The project location is beside Pasig River near
Plaza Mexico and LBC Express.

Figure 1.1. Project Location Map

9
PROJECT OBJECTIVES
Specifically, the purpose of this project is to design a structure that intends to:
• Analyze the structure and achieve a final design for its structural members (slabs,
beams, columns) that will conform to the codes and standards provided in the
National Structural Code of the Philippines 2015 (NSCP 2015).
• To design a structure that displays knowledge of civil engineering and
sustainable construction.
• To provide detailed plans and programmed design of the structure.

THE CLIENT
The client of DELUXE is Jaime Carballo
Gonzalez, vice chairman and president of
Arthaland Corporation who owns Arya
Residences located in Taguig City. Founder of
American Orient Capital Partners Ltd. and
American Orient Capital Partners (Philippines),
Inc.,
Jaime Carballo Gonzalez is a Philippine
businessperson who has been at the head of 16
different companies and is Chairman for Export
& Industry Bank, Inc., Chairman for EIB
Securities, Inc. and Chairman at ValueGen
Financial Insurance Co., Inc. (both are
subsidiaries of Export & Industry Bank, Inc.),
Chairman of EIB Savings Bank, Inc., Chairman
of Banclife Insurance Co., Inc., Chairman of IP
Ventures, Inc., Chairman & Chief Executive
Officer at American Orient Capital Partners Ltd., Vice Chairman & President at
Arthaland Corp., Chairman at Cebu Lavana Land Corp. (a subsidiary of Arthaland
Corp.) and Chairman & Chief Executive Officer at American Orient Capital Partners
Holdings Ltd. Mr. Gonzalez is also President of Philippine Map Collectors Society.

10
PROJECT SCOPE
1. Design analysis for each trade-off.
2. Provide structural plans for the final design.
3. Design a structure in accordance to National Structure Code of the Philippines
2015.
DELIMITATIONS
1. Breakdown of estimate for cost and construction activities.
2. Design of elevators.
3. Flood loads
4. Rain loads
5. Electrical Plans
6. Plumbing Plans
7. Mechanical Plans

11
CHAPTER 2: DESIGN INPUTS

12
ARCHITECTURAL PLANS
The architectural plans include the following:
Fig. 2.1 Perspective
Fig. 2.2 Vicinity Map
Fig. 2.3 Site Development Plan
Fig. 2.4 Ground Floor Plan of the Proposed Condominium
Fig. 2.5 Second and fourth Floor Plan of the Proposed Condominium
Fig. 2.6 Third Floor Plan of the Proposed Condominium
Fig. 2.7 Roof Deck of the Proposed Condominium
Fig. 2.8 Ground Floor Plan of the Parking Building
Fig. 2.9 Second to Deck Floor Plan of the Proposed Parking Building
Fig. 2.10 Front Elevation
Fig. 2.11 Left Elevation
Fig. 2.12 Right Elevation
Fig. 2.13 Rear Elevation

13
Fig. 2.1 Perspective

14
 SITE
LOCATION

Fig. 2.2 Vicinity Map

15
Fig. 2.3 Site Development Plan

16
Fig. 2.4 Ground Floor Plan of the Proposed Condominium

17
Fig. 2.5 Second and 4th Floor Plan of the Proposed Condominium

18
Fig. 2.6. 3rd Floor Plan of the Proposed Condominium

19
Fig. 2.7 Roof Deck Floor Plan of the Proposed Dormitory

20
Fig. 2.8 Ground Floor Plan of the Proposed Parking Building

21
Fig. 2.9 2nd to Deck Floor Plan of the Proposed Parking Building

22
Fig. 2.10 Front view

23
Fig. 2.11 Left Side View

24
Fig. 2.12. Right Side View

25
Fig. 2.13. Rear Elevation View

26
STRUCTURAL PLANS
The structural plans include the following:
Fig. 2.13 Condominium Floor Column Layout
Fig. 2.14 Ground Floor Column Layout of Parking Building
Fig. 2.15 Second Floor to 4th floor Column Layout of Parking

Fig. 2.16 Preliminary Sizes

27
Fig. 2.13. Condominium Floor Column Layout

28
Fig. 2.14. Ground Floor Column Layout of Parking Building

29
Fig. 2.15. Second Floor to 4th floor Column Layout of Parking

30
 TABLES OF INITIAL MEMBER DESIGNATIONS
BEAM
DORMITORY

Beams along A
Designation Length (m) h (mm) b (mm)
1-3 7.58 425 250
3-4 5.82 300 250
4-5 8.08 400 250
5-6 8.30 400 250
6-7 8.30 400 250
7-8 4.02 350 250
8-9 3.25 350 250
9 - 10 4.03 350 250
10 - 11 8.30 400 250
11 - 12 8.30 400 250
12 - 13 8.08 450 250

Beams along B
h b
Designation Length (m) (mm (mm
) )
13 - 14 2.6 300 250
14 - 15 7.5 425 250

Beams along C
Length h b
Designation
(m) (mm) (mm)
1-3 7.58 425 250
3-4 5.82 300 250
4-5 8.08 400 250
5-6 8.30 400 250
6-7 8.30 400 250
7-8 4.02 350 250
8-9 3.25 350 250
9 - 10 4.03 350 250
10 - 11 8.30 400 250
11 - 12 8.30 400 250
12 - 13 8.08 450 250

31
 13 - 14 2.6 300 250
14 - 15 7.5 425 250
Beams along D
Designatio Length h b
n (m) (mm) (mm)
1-3 7.58 425 250
3-4 5.82 300 250
4-5 8.08 400 250
5-6 8.30 400 250
6-7 8.30 400 250
7-8 4.02 350 250
8-9 3.25 350 250
9 - 10 4.03 350 250
10 - 11 8.30 400 250
11 - 12 8.30 400 250
12 - 13 8.08 450 250
13 - 14 2.6 300 250
14 - 15 7.5 425 250

Beams along E
Designation Length (m) h (mm) b (mm)
1-3 7.58 425 250
3-4 5.82 325 250

Beams along F
Length h b
Designation
(m) (mm) (mm)
3-4 8.08 400 250
4-5 8.30 400 250
5-6 8.30 400 250
6-7 4.02 350 250
7-8 3.25 350 250
8-9 4.03 350 250
9 - 10 8.30 400 250
10 - 11 8.30 400 250
11 - 12 8.08 450 250
12 - 13 2.6 300 250
13 - 14 7.5 425 250
14 - 15 7.5 425 250

32
 Beams along G
Designation Length (m) h (mm) b (mm)
2-3 5.24 300 250
3-4 8.08 400 250
4-5 8.30 400 250
5-6 8.30 400 250
6-7 4.02 350 250
7-8 3.25 350 250
8-9 4.03 350 250
9 - 10 8.30 400 250
10 - 11 8.30 400 250
11 - 12 8.08 450 250
12 - 13 2.6 300 250
13 - 14 7.5 425 250

Beams along H
h b
Designation Length (m) (mm (mm
) )
2-3 5.24 300 250
3-4 8.08 400 250
4-5 8.30 400 250
5-6 8.30 400 250
6-7 4.02 350 250
7-8 3.25 350 250
8-9 4.03 350 250
9 - 10 8.30 400 250
10 - 11 8.30 400 250
11 – 12 8.08 450 250
12 - 13 2.6 300 250

33
 Beams along I
Designation Length (m) h (mm) b (mm)
4-5 8.08 400 250
5-6 8.30 400 250
6-7 8.30 400 250
7-8 4.02 350 250
8-9 3.25 350 250
9 - 10 4.03 350 250
10 - 11 8.30 400 250
11 - 12 8.30 400 250
12 - 13 8.08 450 250
13 - 14 2.6 300 250
14 - 15 7.5 425 250
Beams along J
Designation Length (m) h (mm) b (mm)
1-3 7.58 425 250

Beams along K
Designation Length (m) h (mm) b (mm)
1-3 7.58 425 250
3-4 5.82 300 250
4-5 8.08 400 250
5-6 8.30 400 250
6-7 8.30 400 250
7-8 4.02 350 250
8-9 3.25 350 250
9 - 10 4.03 350 250
10 - 11 8.30 400 250
11 - 12 8.30 400 250
12 - 13 8.08 450 250
13 - 14 2.6 300 250
14 - 15 7.5 425 250

34
 Beams along L
Designation Length (m) h (mm) b (mm)
1-3 7.58 425 250
3-4 5.82 300 250
4-5 8.08 400 250
5-6 8.30 400 250
6-7 8.30 400 250
7-8 4.02 350 250
8-9 3.25 350 250
9 - 10 4.03 350 250
10 - 11 8.30 400 250
11 - 12 8.30 400 250
12 - 13 8.08 450 250

Beams along M
Designation Length (m) h (mm) b (mm)
14 - 15 7.5 425 250

Beams along N
Designation Length (m) h (mm) b (mm)
1-3 7.58 425 250
3-4 5.82 300 250
4-5 8.08 400 250
5-6 8.30 400 250
6-7 8.30 400 250
7-8 4.02 350 250
8-9 3.25 350 250
9 - 10 4.03 350 250
10 - 11 8.30 400 250
11 - 12 8.30 400 250
12 - 13 8.08 450 250

PARKING BUILDING

35
 Beams along 1
Designation Length (m) h (mm) b (mm)
A-C 5.9 325 250
C-E 8.7 425 250
J-L 8.7 425 250
L-N 7.9 450 250

Beams along 2
Designation Length (m) h (mm) b (mm)
E-G 5.2 300 250
G-H 6.2 300 250
H-J 5.20 300 250

Beams along 3
Designation Length (m) h (mm) b (mm)
A-C 5.9 325 250
C-D 3.6 225 250
D-E 5.1 300 250
E-G 5.2 300 250
G-H 6.2 300 250
H-J 5.20 300 250
I-J 4.03 300 250
J-K 5.1 300 250
K-L 3.60 225 250
L-N 7.90 450 250

Beams along 4
Designation Length (m) h (mm) b (mm)
A-C 5.9 325 250
C-D 3.6 225 250
D-F 7.7 425 250
G-H 6.2 300 250
I-K 9.13 500 250
K-L 3.60 225 250
L-N 7.90 450 250

36
 Beams along 5
Designation Length (m) h (mm) b (mm)
A-C 5.9 325 250
C-D 3.6 225 250
D-F 7.7 425 250
G-H 6.2 300 250
I-K 9.13 500 250
K-L 3.60 225 250
L-N 7.90 450 250

Beams along 6
Designation Length (m) h (mm) b (mm)
A-C 5.9 325 250
C-D 3.6 225 250
D-F 7.7 425 250
F-G 2.6 250 250
G-H 6.2 300 250
H-I 2.6 250 250
I-K 9.13 500 250
K-L 3.60 225 250
L-N 7.90 450 250

Beams along 7
h b
Designation Length (m)
(mm) (mm)
A-C 5.9 325 250
C-D 3.6 225 250
D-F 7.7 425 250
F-G 2.6 250 250
H-I 2.6 250 250
I-K 9.13 500 250
K-L 3.60 225 250
L-N 7.90 450 250

Beams along 8
Designation Length (m) h (mm) b (mm)

37
 A-C 5.9 325 250
C-D 3.6 225 250
D-F 7.7 425 250
F-G 2.6 250 250
H-I 2.6 250 250
I-K 9.13 500 250
K-L 3.60 225 250
L-N 7.90 450 250

Beams along 9
Designation Length (m) h (mm) b (mm)
A-C 5.9 325 250
C-D 3.6 225 250
D-F 7.7 425 250
F-G 2.6 250 250
H-I 2.6 250 250
I-K 9.13 500 250
K-L 3.60 225 250
L-N 7.90 450 250

Beams along 10
Designation Length (m) h (mm) b (mm)
A-C 5.9 325 250
C-D 3.6 225 250
D-F 7.7 425 250
F-G 2.6 250 250
H-I 2.6 250 250
I-K 9.13 500 250
K-L 3.60 225 250
L-N 7.90 450 250

Beams along 11
Designation Length (m) h (mm) b (mm)
A-C 5.9 325 250

38
 C-D 3.6 225 250
D-F 7.7 425 250
G-H 6.2 300 250
I-K 9.13 500 250
K-L 3.60 225 250
L-N 7.90 450 250

Beams along 12
Designation Length (m) h (mm) b (mm)
A-C 5.9 325 250
C-D 3.6 225 250
D-F 7.7 425 250
F-G 2.6 250 250
G-H 6.2 300 250
H-I 2.6 250 250
I-K 9.13 500 250
K-L 3.60 225 250
L-N 7.90 450 250

Beams along 13
Designation Length (m) h (mm) b (mm)
A-C 5.9 325 250
C-D 3.6 225 250
F-G 2.6 250 250
G-H 6.2 300 250
H-I 2.6 250 250
I-K 9.13 500 250
K-L 3.60 225 250
L-N 7.90 450 250

Beams along 14
Designation Length (m) h (mm) b (mm)
B-D 8.5 475 250
D-F 7.7 375 250
F-I 11.4 550 250
I-K 7.7 375 250
K-M 8.53 475 250

Beams along 14
Designation Length (m) h (mm) b (mm)
B-D 8.5 475 250

39
 D-F 7.7 375 250
F-I 11.4 550 250
I-K 7.7 375 250
K-M 8.53 475 250

SLAB

DORMITORY
S-1 7.9 7.58 1.04 Two-Way Slab 33 250
S-2 7.9 5.82 1.36 Two-Way Slab 33 250
S-3 8.08 7.9 1.02 Two-Way Slab 33 250
S-4 8.3 7.9 1.05 Two-Way Slab 33 275
S-5 8.3 7.9 1.05 Two-Way Slab 33 275
S-6 7.9 4.02 1.97 Two-Way Slab 33 250
S-7 7.9 3.25 2.43 One - Way Slab 28 300
S-8 7.9 4.03 1.96 Two-Way Slab 33 250
S-9 8.3 7.9 1.05 Two-Way Slab 33 275
S-10 8.3 7.9 1.05 Two-Way Slab 33 275
S-11 8.08 7.9 1.02 Two-Way Slab 33 250
S-12 8.5 7.5 1.13 Two-Way Slab 33 275
S-13 7.58 3.6 2.11 One - Way Slab 24 325
S-14 5.82 3.6 1.62 Two-Way Slab 30 200
S-15 8.08 3.6 2.24 One - Way Slab 28 300
S-16 8.3 3.6 2.31 One - Way Slab 28 300
S-17 8.3 3.6 2.31 One - Way Slab 28 300
S-18 4.02 3.6 1.12 Two-Way Slab 30 150
S-19 3.25 3.6 0.90 Two-Way Slab 30 125
S-20 4.03 3.6 1.12 Two-Way Slab 30 150
S-21 8.3 3.6 2.31 One - Way Slab 28 300
S-22 8.3 3.6 2.31 One - Way Slab 28 300
S-23 8.08 3.6 2.24 One - Way Slab 28 300
S-24 7.58 5.1 1.49 Two-Way Slab 33 250
S-25 5.82 5.1 1.14 Two-Way Slab 30 200
S-26 8.08 7.7 1.05 Two-Way Slab 30 275
S-27 8.3 7.7 1.08 Two-Way Slab 30 300
S-28 8.3 7.7 1.08 Two-Way Slab 30 300
S-29 7.7 4.02 1.92 Two-Way Slab 30 275
S-30 7.7 3.25 2.37 One - Way Slab 28 275
S-31 7.7 4.03 1.91 Two-Way Slab 30 275
S-32 8.3 7.7 1.08 Two-Way Slab 30 300

40
S-33 8.3 7.7 1.08 Two-Way Slab 30 300
S-34 10.68 7.7 1.39 Two-Way Slab 30 375
S-35 7.7 7.5 1.03 Two-Way Slab 33 250
S-36 5.26 5.2 1.01 Two-Way Slab 33 175
S-37 5.82 2.6 2.24 One - Way Slab 24 250
S-38 8.3 2.6 3.19 One - Way Slab 24 350
S-39 4.02 2.6 1.55 Two-Way Slab 30 150
S-40 3.25 2.6 1.25 Two-Way Slab 30 125
S-41 4.03 2.6 1.55 Two-Way Slab 30 150
S-42 3.79 2.6 1.46 Two-Way Slab 30 150
S-43 8.08 2.6 3.11 One - Way Slab 24 350
S-44 6.2 5.24 1.18 Two-Way Slab 33 200
S-45 6.2 6.82 0.91 Two-Way Slab 30 225
S-46 8.08 6.2 1.30 Two-Way Slab 30 275
S-47 8.3 6.2 1.34 Two-Way Slab 30 300
S-48 6.2 3.8 1.63 Two-Way Slab 33 200
S-49 6.78 6.2 1.09 Two-Way Slab 33 225
S-50 8.3 6.2 1.34 Two-Way Slab 30 300
S-51 8.08 6.2 1.30 Two-Way Slab 30 275
S-52 6.2 2.5 2.48 One - Way Slab 24 275
S-53 11.4 7.5 1.52 Two-Way Slab 33 350
S-54 5.24 5.2 1.01 Two-Way Slab 33 175
S-55 8.3 2.6 3.19 One - Way Slab 28 300
S-56 4.02 2.6 1.55 Two-Way Slab 33 125
S-57 3.25 2.6 1.25 Two-Way Slab 33 100
S-58 4.03 2.6 1.55 Two-Way Slab 33 125
S-59 3.76 2.6 1.45 Two-Way Slab 33 125
S-60 8.06 2.6 3.10 One - Way Slab 24 350
S-61 2.6 2.6 1.00 Two-Way Slab 30 100
S-62 5.24 5.1 1.03 Two-Way Slab 33 175
S-63 7.7 5.82 1.32 Two-Way Slab 33 250
S-64 7.7 8.08 0.95 Two-Way Slab 33 250
S-65 8.3 7.7 1.08 Two-Way Slab 33 275
S-66 8.3 7.7 1.08 Two-Way Slab 30 300
S-67 7.7 4.02 1.92 Two-Way Slab 30 275
S-68 7.7 3.25 2.37 One - Way Slab 28 275
S-69 7.7 4.03 1.91 Two-Way Slab 30 275
S-70 8.3 7.7 1.08 Two-Way Slab 30 300
S-71 8.3 7.7 1.08 Two-Way Slab 33 275
S-72 8.06 7.7 1.05 Two-Way Slab 30 275
S-73 7.7 2.5 3.08 One - Way Slab 28 275
S-74 7.7 7.5 1.03 Two-Way Slab 33 250
S-75 7.58 3.6 2.11 One - Way Slab 24 325

41
S-76 5.82 3.6 1.62 Two-Way Slab 30 200
S-77 8.08 3.6 2.24 One - Way Slab 28 300
S-78 8.3 3.6 2.31 One - Way Slab 28 300
S-79 8.3 3.6 2.31 One - Way Slab 28 300
S-80 4.02 3.6 1.12 Two-Way Slab 30 150
S-81 3.6 3.25 1.11 Two-Way Slab 30 125
S-82 4.03 3.6 1.12 Two-Way Slab 30 150
S-83 8.3 3.6 2.31 One - Way Slab 28 300
S-84 8.3 3.6 2.31 One - Way Slab 28 300
S-85 8.08 3.6 2.24 One - Way Slab 28 300
S-86 3.6 2.6 1.38 Two-Way Slab 30 125
S-87 7.9 7.58 1.04 Two-Way Slab 33 250
S-88 7.9 5.82 1.36 Two-Way Slab 33 250
S-89 8.08 7.9 1.02 Two-Way Slab 33 250
S-90 8.3 7.9 1.05 Two-Way Slab 33 275
S-91 8.3 7.9 1.05 Two-Way Slab 33 275
S-92 7.9 4.02 1.97 Two-Way Slab 33 250
S-93 7.9 3.25 2.43 One - Way Slab 28 300
S-94 7.9 4.03 1.96 Two-Way Slab 33 250
S-95 8.3 7.9 1.05 Two-Way Slab 33 275
S-96 8.3 7.9 1.05 Two-Way Slab 33 275
S-97 8.08 7.9 1.02 Two-Way Slab 33 250
S-98 4.93 2.8 1.76 Two-Way Slab 33 150
S-99 8.53 7.5 1.14 Two-Way Slab 33 275

For all slabs above, use 375 mm

PARKING BUILDING
S-1 12.5 11.17 1.12 Two-Way Slab 33 400
S-2 11.17 9 1.24 Two-Way Slab 33 350
S-3 12.5 11.17 1.12 Two-Way Slab 33 400

42
 S-4 12.5 11.17 1.12 Two-Way Slab 33 400
S-5 11.17 9 1.24 Two-Way Slab 33 350
S-6 12.15 11.67 1.04 Two-Way Slab 33 375
S-7 11.67 9 1.30 Two-Way Slab 30 400
S-8 12.5 11.67 1.07 Two-Way Slab 30 425
S-9 12.5 11.67 1.07 Two-Way Slab 30 425
S - 10 11.67 9 1.30 Two-Way Slab 30 400
S - 11 12.55 11.67 1.08 Two-Way Slab 33 400
S - 12 12.15 11.67 1.04 Two-Way Slab 33 375
S - 13 11.67 9 1.30 Two-Way Slab 30 400
S - 14 12.5 11.67 1.07 Two-Way Slab 30 425
S - 15 12.5 11.67 1.07 Two-Way Slab 30 425
S - 16 11.67 9 1.30 Two-Way Slab 30 400
S - 17 12.55 11.67 1.08 Two-Way Slab 33 400
S - 18 12.15 11.67 1.04 Two-Way Slab 33 375
S - 19 11.67 9 1.30 Two-Way Slab 30 400
S - 20 12.5 11.67 1.07 Two-Way Slab 30 425
S - 21 12.5 11.67 1.07 Two-Way Slab 30 425
S - 22 11.67 9 1.30 Two-Way Slab 30 400
S - 23 12.55 11.67 1.08 Two-Way Slab 33 400
S - 24 12.15 11.65 1.04 Two-Way Slab 33 375
S - 25 11.65 9 1.29 Two-Way Slab 30 400
S - 26 12.5 8.6 1.45 Two-Way Slab 28 450
S - 27 12.5 8.6 1.45 Two-Way Slab 30 425
S - 28 12.55 11.65 1.08 Two-Way Slab 33 400
S - 29 11.65 9 1.29 Two-Way Slab 33 375
S - 30 5.5 3.75 1.47 Two-Way Slab 33 175
S - 31 12.15 11.18 1.09 Two-Way Slab 33 375
S - 32 11.18 9 1.24 Two-Way Slab 33 350
S - 33 8 8 1.00 Two-Way Slab 33 250
S - 34 7.6 5.5 1.38 Two-Way Slab 33 250
S - 35 7.6 5.5 1.38 Two-Way Slab 33 250
S - 36 11.18 9 1.24 Two-Way Slab 33 350
S - 37 12.55 11.18 1.12 Two-Way Slab 33 400

For all slabs above, use 450 mm

43
CHAPTER 3: PRE-DESIGN
ANALYSIS

44
INTRODUCTION
The pre-design analysis in this chapter determines the critical axial,
flexural and shear loads applied onto the structural members (beams, slabs and
columns)the preliminarvy sizes and shape designations from the last chapter are
used to provide initial data. The analysis uses STAAD to compute for the
required values.

DESIGN CRITERIA
The designs of the structural members are obtained by satisfying the
following member reactions along with the design codes:
• Critical Moment
• Critical Shear
• Critical Axial Loads
Design Codes, Standards and Specifications
The design of all structures, as enumerated in Chapter 1, conforms to the
standards set by the National Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP), National
Structural Code of the Philippines 2015 (NSCP 2015), The American Concrete
Institute (ACI), and The American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC).
Material Specifications (ALL STRUCTURES)
• Concrete Yield Strength, f’c: 28 MPa
• Steel Yield Strength, fy: 414 MPa
• Concrete Allowable Compressive Strength fc: 12.42 MPa
• Steel Allowable Strength fs: 166 Mpa

Computer Software and Programs

The softwares that were used in this paper are:
• MICROSOFT EXCEL
• STAAD

45
 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT FLOWCHART

Reinforced Structural Steel

Concrete Design Design

Ultimate Working Stress Load and Allowable

Strength Design Design Resistance Factor Strength
(USD) (WSD) Design (LRFD) Design (ASD)

Final Design RCD Final Design Steel

Final Design

Fig. 3.1 Design Development Flowchart

DESIGN LOADS
Dead Loads
All dead loads for condominium and parking building are as stated in
Section 204 of NSCP 2015.

DESIGNATION
LOAD (in KPa)
Component Description
Ceilings Mechanical Duct Allowance 0.20
Floor Fill Stone Concrete, per mm 0.023
Masonry, Concrete (solid portion) Normal Weight Units 21.2 kN/m 3

Table 3.1. Minimum Design Dead Loads for Parking Building

46
 DESIGNATION
LOAD (in KPa)
Component Description
Plaster on Tile/Concrete 0.24
Ceilings
Mechanical Duct Allowance 0.20
Coverings, Roof and Wall Cement Tile 0.77
Floor Fill Stone Concrete, per mm 0.023
Cement Finish (25mm) on stone concrete 1.53
Floor and Floor Finishes Concrete Fill Finish (per mm thickness) 0.024
Solid Flat Tile on 25mm mortar base 1.10
Masonry, Concrete (solid portion) Normal Weight Units 21.2 kN/m 3

Table 3.2. Minimum Design Dead Loads for Condominium

Live Load
All live loads for occupied floor areas are as stated in Section 205 of
NSCP 2015.

DESIGNATION LOAD (in

Category Description KPa)
Public Parking and Ramps 4.8
Parking Garages and Ramps Private (residential) or pleasure type motor vehicle
2.4
storage
Side Walks and Drive ways Public Access 12.0
Exit Facilities
5
- 4.8
Pedestrian Bridges and - 4.8
Walkways
Elevators and Dumbwaiters - 2*total load

Table 3.3. Minimum Uniform and concentrated Live Loads for Parking Building

47
 DESIGNATION
LOAD (in KPa)
Category Description
Office Use 2.4
Access Floor Systems
Computer Use 4.8
Catwalk for Maintenance Access - 1.9
Exit Facilities 5
- 4.8
Cornices and Marquees - 3.6 4

Office Lobbies and Ground Floor Corridors 4.8

Basic Floor Area 1.9
Exterior Balconies 2.9 4

Residential8

Decks 1.9 4

Storage 1.9
Restrooms 9
- -
Storage Light 6.0
Elevators and Dumbwaiters - 2*total load

Table 3.4. Minimum Uniform and concentrated Live Loads for Condominium
Wind Load and Analysis

(FOR PARKING)
Location: Intramuros, Manila

Structure: Parking Garage

Occupancy Category: (IV) Standard Occupancy Structures (For all structures

housing occupancies or having functions not listed in category I,II,III and V) ---
Section 103 – Table 103-1

Basic Wind Speed: 260 kph = 72.222 m/s --- Figure 207A.5-1A

Wind Directionality Factor (Kd) --- Section 207A.6 – Table 207A.8-1

For Buildings with Main Wind Force Resisting System (MWFRS): Kd= 0.85

Surface Roughness Category: (B) Urban and suburban areas, wooded areas
or other terrain with numerous closely spaced obstructions having the size of
single-family dwellings or larger --- Section207A.7.2

48
Topographic Factor (Kzt): If site conditions and locations of structures are not
located at ridges, hill, or escarpments then 𝐾𝑧𝑡 = 1.0 --- Section 207A.8.2

Gust Effect Factor (Gf) = 0.85 --- Section 207A.9.4

Enclosure Classification: Partially Enclosed Building

Table 3.5. Internal Pressure Coefficient (GCpi)

𝑮𝑪𝒑𝒊 = ±𝟎. 𝟓𝟓

Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient (Kz) --- Table 207B.3-1

By Linear Interpolation
@ z = 8m
9.0 − 7.5 0.70 − 0.66
=
8 − 7.5 𝐾𝑧 − 0.66

Kz= 0.673333

@ z = 16m
18.0 − 15.0 0.85 − 0.81
=
16 − 15.0 𝐾𝑧 − 0.81
Kz= 0.823333

49
 z Kz
4 0.57
8 0.67333
12 0.76
16 0.82333

Kh@ z = 16m: 0.823333

𝑞𝑧 = 0.613(1.0)(0.85)(72.222)2 𝐾𝑧

z Kz qz(KPa)
4 0.57 1.549
8 0.67333 1.830
12 0.76 2.066
16 0.82333 2.238

qh(KPa) = 2.238

50
 External Pressure Coefficient--- Figure 207B.4-1

L/B = 68.3 / 69.62 = 0.981

Windward: Cp = 0.8
Leeward: Cp = -0.5
Side Wall: Cp = -0.7

Section 207B.4.1

Z – Axis as Normal Dimension to Wind Direction

Design Wall Pressures at Burst Condition

Windward

Z (m) qz(kPa) P (kPa)

4 1.549 -0.178
8 1.830 0.014
12 2.066 0.174
16 2.238 0.291

51
 Leeward

Z (m) P (kPa)
4 -2.182
8 -2.182
12 -2.182
16 -2.182

Side Wall

Z (m) P (kPa)
4 -2.563
8 -2.563
12 -2.563
16 -2.563

Design Wall Pressures at Suction Condition

Windward

Z (m) qz(kPa) P (kPa)

4 1.549 2.284
8 1.830 2.475
12 2.066 2.636
16 2.238 2.753

52
 Leeward

Z (m) P (kPa)
4 0.280
8 0.280
12 0.280
16 0.280

Side Wall

Z (m) P (kPa)
4 -0.101
8 -0.101
12 -0.101
16 -0.101

X – Axis as Normal Dimension to Wind Direction

L / B = 50.40 / 85 = 1.687 ≈ 2
Windward: Cp = 0.8
Leeward: Cp = -0.3
Side Wall: Cp = -0.7

53
Design Wall Pressures at Burst Condition
Windward

Z (m) qz(kPa) P (kPa)

4 1.549 -0.178
8 1.830 0.014
12 2.066 0.174
16 2.238 0.291

Leeward

Z (m) P (kPa)
4 -1.802
8 -1.802
12 -1.802
16 -1.802

Side Wall

Z (m) P (kPa)
4 -2.563
8 -2.563
12 -2.563
16 -2.563

54
Design Wall Pressures at Suction Condition

Windward

Z (m) qz(kPa) P (kPa)

4 1.549 2.284
8 1.830 2.475
12 2.066 2.636
16 2.238 2.753

Leeward

Z (m) P (kPa)
4 0.660
8 0.660
12 0.660
16 0.660

Side Wall

Z (m) P (kPa)
4 -0.101
8 -0.101
12 -0.101
16 -0.101

55
 (FOR CONDOMINIUM)

Location: Intramuros, Manila

Structure: Dormitory

Occupancy Category: (IV) Standard Occupancy Structures (For all structures

housing occupancies or having functions not listed in category I,II,III and V) ---
Section 103 – Table 103-1

Basic Wind Speed: 260 kph = 72.222 m/s --- Figure 207A.5-1A

Wind Directionality Factor (Kd) --- Section 207A.6 – Table 207A.8-1

For Buildings with Main Wind Force Resisting System (MWFRS): Kd= 0.85

Surface Roughness Category: (B) Urban and suburban areas, wooded areas
or other terrain with numerous closely spaced obstructions having the size of
single-family dwellings or larger --- Section207A.7.2

Topographic Factor (Kzt): If site conditions and locations of structures are not
located at ridges, hill, or escarpments then 𝐾𝑧𝑡 = 1.0 --- Section 207A.8.2

Effect Factor (Gf) = 0.85 --- Section 207A.9.4

Enclosure Classification: Enclosed Building

56
Internal Pressure Coefficient (GCpi)--- Table 207A.11

𝑮𝑪𝒑𝒊 = ±𝟎. 𝟏𝟖

Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient (Kz) --- Table 207B.3-1

By Linear Interpolation
@ z = 8m
9.0 − 7.5 0.70 − 0.66
=
8 − 7.5 𝐾𝑧 − 0.66

Kz= 0.673333

@ z = 16m
18.0 − 15.0 0.85 − 0.81
=
16 − 15.0 𝐾𝑧 − 0.81
Kz= 0.823333

z Kz
4 0.57
8 0.67333
12 0.76
16 0.82333

Kh@ z = 16m: 0.823333

57
 𝑞𝑧 = 0.613(1.0)(0.85)(72.222)2 𝐾𝑧

z Kz qz(KPa)
4 0.57 1.549
8 0.67333 1.830
12 0.76 2.066
16 0.82333 2.238

qh(KPa) = 2.238

External Pressure Coefficient--- Figure 207B.4-1

L/B = 85 / 50.40 = 1.687 ≈ 2

Windward: Cp = 0.8
Leeward: Cp = -0.3
Side Wall: Cp = -0.7

Section 207B.4.1

58
Z – Axis as Normal Dimension to Wind Direction
Design Wall Pressures at Burst Condition

Windward

Z (m) qz(kPa) P (kPa)

4 1.549 0.650
8 1.830 0.842
12 2.066 1.002
16 2.238 1.119

Leeward

Z (m) P (kPa)
4 -0.974
8 -0.974
12 -0.974
16 -0.974

Side Wall

Z (m) P (kPa)
4 -1.734
8 -1.734
12 -1.734
16 -1.734

59
Design Wall Pressures at Suction Condition

Windward

Z (m) qz(kPa) P (kPa)

4 1.549 1.456
8 1.830 1.647
12 2.066 1.808
16 2.238 1.925

Leeward

Z (m) P (kPa)
4 -0.168
8 -0.168
12 -0.168
16 -0.168

Side Wall

Z (m) P (kPa)
4 -0.929
8 -0.929
12 -0.929
16 -0.929

60
 X – Axis as Normal Dimension to Wind Direction
L / B = 50.40 / 85 = 0.593
Windward: Cp = 0.8
Leeward: Cp = -0.5
Side Wall: Cp = -0.7

Design Wall Pressures at Burst Condition

Windward
Z (m) qz(kPa) P (kPa)
4 1.549 0.650
8 1.830 0.842
12 2.066 1.002
16 2.238 1.119

Leeward

Z (m) P (kPa)
4 -1.354
8 -1.354
12 -1.354
16 -1.354

61
 Side Wall

Z (m) P (kPa)
4 -1.734
8 -1.734
12 -1.734
16 -1.734

Design Wall Pressures at Suction Condition

Windward

Z (m) qz(kPa) P (kPa)

4 1.549 1.456
8 1.830 1.647
12 2.066 1.808
16 2.238 1.925

Leeward

Z (m) P (kPa)
4 -0.548
8 -0.548
12 -0.548
16 -0.548

62
 Side Wall

Z (m) P (kPa)
4 -0.929
8 -0.929
12 -0.929
16 -0.929

SEISMIC LOAD
Earthquake Parameters
Occupancy Category Category III
Seismic Zone Zone 4

Seismic Zone Factor (Z) 0.40

Ct (Section 208.5.2.2) 0.731

Soil Type D

Seismic Source A

Response Factor (R) 8.5

Nearest Fault Line 10.1 km

Near Source Factor (Na) 1

Near Source Factor (Nv) 1.19

Seismic Coefficient (Ca) 0.44

Seismic Coefficient (Cv) 0.77

Time Period (T) 0.471 sec

Importance Factor (I) 1.0

63
Weight Per Floor
NO. TYPE FLR LEVEL (M) FLR WT (KN)

1 Rigid 4.0000 78292.07

2 Rigid 8.0000 77800.81
3 Rigid 12.0000 77309.55
4 Rigid 16.0000 76211.75

Total Structure Weight = 309614.18 kN

𝐶𝑣 𝐼
𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 𝑊 = 59548.6246 𝑘𝑁
𝑅𝑇

2.5𝐶𝑎 𝐼
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑊 = 400677.1741 𝑘𝑁
𝑅

𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.11𝐶𝑎 𝐼𝑊 = 14985.3263 𝑘𝑁

0.8𝑍𝑁𝑣 𝐼
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑍𝑜𝑛𝑒 4 = 𝑊 = 13601.9153 𝑘𝑁
𝑅

𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 (𝑉) = 400677.1741 𝑘𝑁

𝐹𝑡 = 0.07𝑇𝑉 = 13210.3264 𝑘𝑁

64