EXPERIMENT NO DATE :

No Load & Blocked Rotor Test on single phase Capacitor Start Induction Motor.

AIM : To determine equivalent circuit parameters from no load & blocked rotor test

on single phase Induction motor.

Apparatus:-

Apparatus Type Rating Quantity

Voltmeter AC 0-300 V 01
Ammeter AC 0-10A 01
Wattmeter ---- 300 V, 10A 01
Autotransformer 300V, 10A 01

Machines Rating
Capacitor start and run 1 phase, 230 volt, 5 Amp, 760W, 1425 rpm
Induction motor

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
THEORY:

Generally single phase Induction motor is not self starting. It can be explained by
double field revolving theory and equivalent circuit of single phase induction motor can be
drawn based on it. According to double field revolving theory rotor has two parts forward field
and backward field. Its calculation is based on slip at forward torque and slip at backward torque.

To calculate the parameters of single phase induction motor it is necessary to draw its
equivalent circuit as well as to perform two tests on motor namely no load test and blocked rotor
test. These tests are similar to that of 3 phase Induction motor.

No Load Test: -

In this test the motor is run without load (no load) at rated voltage and frequency. The
voltage, current and power applied to motor can be measured as V 0, I0 and W0. From no load test
magnetizing reactance Xm can be calculated. At no load motor runs almost close to that of
synchronous speed (Ns) so slip of IM is very small and can be equal to zero. Accordingly
equivalent circuit can be drawn for zero slip and parameters can be calculated.

Blocked Rotor Test: -

In this test the rotor of the motor is blocked (shorted) by hand. Then voltage applied to
the motor is adjusted till rated current flows through it. The voltage, current and power applied to
motor can be measured as Vsc, Isc and Wsc. With rotor blocked the motor is at standstill
condition so slip of the motor is 1 (speed of the motor is zero). Accordingly equivalent circuit
can be drawn for slip=1 and parameters can be calculated. From blocked rotor test stator
reactance X1, rotor resistance R2 and reactance X2 can be calculated.

By knowing the parameters of the motor it is possible to develop power flow diagram
and to calculate losses as well as efficiency of the motor.

PROCEDURE:

A) No Load Test

1. Connect the circuit diagram as shown.

2. Switch on single phase AC supply.

3. Run the Motor without any load on it (no load).

4. Apply rated voltage & frequency to the motor.

5. Note down the no load current and power.

B) Blocked Rotor Test

 1. Connect the circuit diagram as shown.

2. Initially rotor of an Induction Motor is Blocked by hand.

3. Then switch on the single phase AC supply and apply the small voltage till rated

current flows through the motor.

4 .Note down the voltage and power under short (Blocked) condition

OBSERVATION TABLE:

1. No Load Test :

Sr. Rated Voltage No load Current No Load power

No. V0 (volt) I0 (Amp) W0 (watt)

2. Blocked Rotor Test

Sr. Voltage Rated Current Short Circuit power

No. Vsc (volt) Isc (Amp) Wsc (watt)

3. Stator Resistance Measurement

Rdc = ---------- ohm

Rac =R1 = 1.2 * Rdc ----------- ohm (skin effect)

CALCLULATION :

A) From Blocked Rotor Test:

1. Zsc = (Vsc) / (Isc) .

2. Wsc = (Isc)2 * Req

Req = (Wsc) / (Isc)2 = …..

ohm

3. Req = R1 + R2’ ------------------- (from equivalent circuit)

4. R2’ = Req – R1 -------------------------------- (1)

 5. Zsc = √Req2 + Xeq2

6. Xeq = √ Zsc2 - Req2

7. Xeq = X1 + X2’ ---------------------- (from equivalent circuit)

8. but X1 = X2’ = Xeq / 2 --------------------- (2)

B) From No Load Test:

1. W0 = V0 * I0 * cos Φ0

2. cos Φ0 = P0 / [ V0 * I0 ]

3. sin Φ0 = Sin ( [ cos-1 [P0 / V0 *I0]]

4. Z0 = V0 /I0

5. X0 = Z0 * sin Φ0 ------------------------- (1)

6. X0 = X1 + Xm/2 + X2’ /2 -------------------- (from equivalent circuit)

7. But X1 = X2’ ------------------------------ (calculated from blocked rotor test)

8. Xm/2 = X0 – X1 – X1/2

9. Xm = 2X0 +X1 ---------------------------------- (2)

Equivalent Circuit of 1 phase Induction Motor

Equivalent Circuit of 1 phase Induction Motor for No Load Test

Slip S = 0 (at no load) Slip S = 1 (at short circuit)

Equivalent Circuit of 1 phase Induction Motor for Blocked Rotor Test

CONCLUSITION : Thus we perform No load and Blocked Rotor test on single phase capacitor
start Induction Motor and the equivalent circuit parameters are determined.