No Load Test & Blocked Rotor Test of 3 Phase Induction Motor

Aim

1. To conduct the no load and blocked rotor test on 3 phase induction motor
and to find the equivalent circuit parameters and predetermine torque vs speed
characteristics for a) various rotor resistance (supply voltage constant,
frequency constant), b) by varying supply voltage (frequency constant, rotor
resistance constant)
2. To predetermine the load at which maximum efficiency condition and
predetermine the following characteristics a) Torque Vs speed, b)Efficiency Vs
output power, c) Line current Vs output power, d) Speed Vs output power, e)
Power factor Vs output power

Name Plate Rating Of Machine(s) :

Rated Voltage line to line = 415 V

Rated Current = 2.2 A
Rated Power = 1kW
Frequency = 50 Hz
Rated Speed = 1440 rpm

Basic Theory

No Load Test:

No load test is performed on the #-Phase Induction motor when rotor rotates with
synchronous speed and there is no load torque. This test is similar to the open circuit
test on transformer. Actually, to achieve synchronous speed in an induction motor is
impossible. The speed is assumed to be synchronized. The synchronous speed can be
achieved by taking slip = 0 which creates infinite impedance in the rotor branch This
test gives the information regarding no-load losses such as core loss, friction loss and
windage loss. Rotor copper loss at no load is very less that its value is negligible. Small
current is required to produce adequate torque. This test is also well-known as running
light test. This test is used to evaluate the resistance and impedance of the magnetizing
path of induction motor.
In this test, the rated voltage is applied to the stator. The wattmeter measures the input
power of the system. The voltmeter reads the phase voltage values, because the rated
voltage is line to line voltage. The ammeter measures the no load current. Here, in no –
load test the total power is equal to the iron losses.
Blocked Rotor Test:

A blocked rotor test is comparable to a transformer’s short circuit test. It is carried out
in order to calculate the induction machine's series parameters, or leakage impedances.
To inhibit rotation, the rotor is blocked. In the blocked rotor test, it should be kept in
mind that the applied voltage on the stator terminals should be low otherwise normal
voltage could damage the winding of the stator. In block rotor test applies a low
voltage to the rotor, causing it to stop rotating and its speed to drop to zero, allowing
full load current to pass through the stator winding. The core loss and the magnetizing
component of the current are minor percentages of the total current under lower voltage
and rated current. The total power is equal to variable loss since the motor is blocked.

Analytical Expressions Used For The

Test :
No Load Test:

Blocked Rotor Test:

Equivalent circuit:

Instruments Used

Instruments Specification Quantity

3 phase induction motor 1kW, 50Hz, 1440rpm, 1

2.2A, Delta Connection
No load test connection diagram (circuit diagram -1)

Blocked rotor test connection diagram (circuit diagram -2)

(Note: Students need to identify the ratings of the instruments used and mark it
on the diagram before coming for the lab viva)
Procedure for Conducting the Test:
No load test

1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram-1 and loosen the spring load so that
the rotor will run freely.

2. With auto transformer in the minimum position, switch on the power supply 3.

Adjust the auto transformer to get the rated voltage on the motor supply terminals.

4. Note down speed, ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter readings.

5. Reduce the auto transformer to the minimum position and switch off the power

supply.

Blocked rotor test

1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram-2 and tighten the spring load so that
the rotor will be in the blocked position.

2. With auto transformer in the minimum position, switch on the power supply

3. Slowly increase the auto-transformer from the minimum position and try to pass the
rated current though the machine stator winding

4. Note down speed, ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter readings.

5. Reduce the auto transformer to the minimum position and switch off the power

supply.
Observations :

No load Test

VNL(V) INL(A) WNL(W1+W2)

230 0.29 128 W

Blocked rotor Test

VBR(V) IBR(A) WBR

(W1+W2)

112 2.2 590 W

Calculations:

For plotting required graphs:

Results:

Obtained Graphs:
Inferences

1. No load test is performed when rotor rotates with synchronous speed and there is no
torque. This is very similar to open circuit test on transformer.
2. Leakage impedance can be found using the blocked rotor test and this is very similar to
the short circuit test on transformer.
3. We perform the blocked rotor test to know the variable loss in the motor whereas no
load test is used to find the constant loss in the motor.
4. We can also find the other parameters such as torque, motor, short-circuit current at
normal voltage, and many more could be found from the blocked rotor test.