Chronology October 16, 1985-January 15, 1986

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Source: Middle East Journal, Vol. 40, No. 2 (Spring, 1986), pp. 307-329
Published by: Middle East Institute
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October 16, 1985-January15, 1986
ABBREVIATIONS:
AN, Arab News
CSM, ChristianScience Monitor
FBIS, Foreign BroadcastInformationService
Daily Report-Middle East & North Africa and
South Asia
JP, TheJerusalemPost
LM, Le Monde
MEED, MiddleEast EconomicDigest
MEES, MiddleEast Economic Survey
NYT, TheNew YorkTimes
TDN, TurkishDaily News
WP, The WashingtonPost
Arab-Israeli Conflict
(See also, RegionalAffairs, Lebanon, Sudan,
Syria)
1985
Oct. 16: Forty-fiveArabs held under "administra-
tive detention" in Nablus Prison entered the sec-
ond week of a hungerstrike,demandingthatIsraeli
authoritieseither try them or release them. [10/16
FBIS]
A body bearing two gunshot wounds found
washed up on the Syrian coast was positively
identifiedas that of Leon Klinghoffer,killedOct. 8
by hiackers of the Italian cruise ship Achille
Lauro. Israeliauthoritiesreleaseda tape recording
which they said proved that Palestinian leader
Mubammad'Abbas had helped plan and directthe
hNacking.
Prime Minister Shimon Peres arrivedin Wash-
ingtonfor talks on the MiddleEast peace process.
By a vote of 80 to 41, the UN GeneralAssembly
rejectedan attemptby Arabdelegatesto oust Israel
from the organization.[10/17NYT]
PresidentRonald Reagan rejected demands by
Egyptian President Husni Mubarakthat the US
apologize for intercepting the Egyptian airliner
carryingthe four accused hijackersof the Achille
Lauro.
In London, Jordan's King lIusayn met with
Britishofficialsto discuss the last-minutecancella- NYT]
THE MIDDLEEAST JOURNAL, VOLUME40, NO. 2, SPRING1986.
Chronology
tion of a scheduledmeetingbetween Foreign Sec-
retary Sir Geoffrey Howe and a Jordanian-Pales-
tinian delegation, which H.Iusaynhad arranged.
[10/17AN]
Oct. 17: Yugoslav officials formally rejected as
legallybaseless a US requestfor the detentionand
extraditionof 'Abbas. [10/18AN]
The Voice of Hope radio station of the Israeli-
backed SouthernLebanonArmy (SLA) was dam-
aged duringan attack by terrorists, according to
Jerusalemradio.Threeof the attackerswere killed
by the station's guards,and an SLA soldier and a
civilianalso died. [10/17FBIS]
Peres said Israel was prepared to take "bold
steps" to achieve MiddleEast peace and offeredto
meet King Husayn "without preconditions"and
"at any suitablelocation." [10/18NYTI
Four Gaza residents were sentenced by the Tel
Aviv District Court to between 30 months and
seven years in prisonfor planningan attackon the
US Embassy in Tel Aviv in 1984.
The East Jerusalem weekly Al-Bayddir
al-Siyydstwas bannedby Israeliauthoritiesfor two
weeks for publishing censored material. [10/18
FBIS]
Oct. 18: PresidentReagan'sspecial envoy, Deputy
Secretaryof State John C. Whitehead,left the US
for Tunisia, Egypt, and Italy in an effort to ease
tensions with those countriesfollowing the Israeli
raid on Tunis and the Achille Lauro affair. [10/19
307
Oct. 19: Israeli authoritiesimposed a curfew on
Gazaafteran Israelitaxi driverwas stabbed.[10/20
AN]
Anti-US demonstrationscontinuedin Egypt, as
students at 'Ayn Shams University in Cairo
clashed with riot police. "Scores" were wounded,
accordingto the Frenchpress agency. [10/21FBIS]
Oct. 20: Likudofficialsrejecteda planfor improve-
ment in the qualityof life for Arabsin the occupied
territoriespresentedby Peres to Secretaryof State
George Shultz, saying the plan had not been dis-
cussed with the governmentandwas tantamountto
giving Arab residents unilateralautonomy. [10/21
FBIS]
Oct. 21: At the UN, Peres announced a "new
initiative" to bring peace to the Middle East. He
called for talks without preconditions and said
negotiationsshouldbe directbut "may be initiated
with the support of an internationalforum." He
reiteratedIsrael'srefusalto meet with terroristsor
those who do not have diplomaticrelations with
Israel. [10/22FBIS]
Oct. 22: The Reagan administrationwelcomed
Peres' proposals as "statesmanlike, thoughtful,
and forward-looking."Jordanianofficialssaid they
were "still studying" the plan. In Israel, Likud
ministersdenouncedPeres for makingofferswith-
out consultingthe entire Cabinet.[10/23NYT]
Oct. 23: Two bombsexplodedin the 'Afila market,
woundingfour people. [10/23FBIS]
King Husayn said he welcomed the "spirit" of
the Peres proposalsbut thatthey did not "meet the
needs of the moment."
Reagan bowed to congressional pressure and
endorsed a resolutionbarringa Jordanarms deal
until March 1 unless Jordan enters "direct and
meaningfulpeace negotiations"with Israel before
then. [10/24NYT]
The PLO condemned the Peres proposals and
repeated a call for an internationalpeace confer-
ence with PLO participation.[10/24CSM]
Oct. 24: Accordingto 'Al Hamishmar,administra-
tive detention orders were recently issued to six
trade unionists and students, bringingthe total of
such orders to 90.
King Husayn said Jordancould not accept any
political conditions in connection with the arms
cleal. [10/25FBIS]
The State Departmentsaid it had sent Assistant
Secretaryof State RichardW. Murphyto Jordanto
"sustain momentum"for peace. [10/25NYT]
East Jerusalem'sAl-Quds reportedthat Jordan
had orderedclosed several PLO offices in Amman
and had barred several PLO commandersfrom
enteringJordan.
Finance MinisterYitzhak Moda'i said plans to
establish six new settlements on the West Bank
would not be implemented.[10/25JP]
Oct. 26: The French government announced it
would review its MiddleEast policy, includingthe
.308
status of the PLO, in light of recent terrorism.
[10/27NYT]
Israeli forces found arms and ammunitionin a
search of the village of Yatta, near Hebron, and
demolishedthe homes of two Arabs arrestedfor
terrorismseveral weeks before. [10/28JP]
Oct. 27: Four Arabs from the occupied territories
were issued deportationorders for "subversive
and sabotageactivity."
Israeli jets attacked Palestinian bases in
Lebanon's Biqa' Valley, two belonging to the
PFLP-GeneralCommand and one belonging to
al-Sa'iqa.Four people reportedlydied in the raid.
[10/28FBIS]
The New York Times reported that Husayn,
angryat 'Arafat'sunwillingnesspubliclyto recog-
nize Israelandrenounceviolence, was considering
droppingthe PLO from his peace initiative. [10/27
NYT].
In the face of strongcriticismfrom Likudminis-
ters, Peres modified his suggestions that peace
talks could begin in an international,UN forum,
and said instead that the UN Security Council
would "call on the parties to the conflict" to
negotiateand then withdraw.[10/28WP]
Italian authoritiesissued an arrest warrantfor
'Abbas in connection with the Achille Lauro hi-
jacking. [10/28CSM]
Oct. 28:TheNew YorkTimesreportedthat Husayn
and Peres had met recently in Paris. [10/28NYT]
Peres staved off an attemptby oppositionKnes-
set membersto underminehis peace plan, winning
by a vote of 68 to 10acceptanceof his reporton the
issue, and by 86 to 8 defeating a no-confidence
motion. [10/29WP]
Oct. 29: In Amman, 'Arafat said he rejected US
conditionsfor PLOparticipationin peace talks and
warned "there will not be peace in the region
withoutthe PLO." [10/30NYT]
The State Departmentannounced that Morris
DraperwouldreplaceWat Cluveriusas US consul
general in Jerusalem. Cluverius will become a
seniorpolicy adviser,based in the MiddleEast, to
RichardMurphy.[10/30JP]
Two Jordanianjets strayedover Israeliterritory
andwere firedon by Syrianmissilesas they passed
through Syrian airspace on their way back to
Jordan. Israeli sources called the incident "an
accident." [10/30WP]
Oct. 31: The New YorkTimesreportedthat several
Arab nations, including Egypt and Jordan, had
recently urgedthe USSR to restore relationswith
Israel in orderto advance peace prospects. [10/31
NYT]
Voice of Lebanon reported that Israeli forces
had expelled four Druze notables from the south-
ern securityzone in Lebanon. [10/31FBIS]
The Israeli Supreme Court ruled that Kach
leaderMeirKahanecould introducein the Knesset
bills curtailingthe rights of Israel's Arabs. [11/2
AN]
Nov. 3: Husayncalled recentterroristattacks"ter- were being held in al-Khiyam,southernLebanon.
rible setbacks" to his attemptsto includethe PLO [11/18JP]
in peace efforts and hinted that he had asked Nov. 19:Israeliplanesshot downtwo Syrianplanes
'Arafatto demonstratehis sinceredesirefor peace. which attemptedto interceptthem duringa "rou-
[11/4 WP] tine patrol"over Lebanon,accordingto IDF radio.
Nov. 5: An IsraeliJew was stabbedin Jerusalemby Syrianradiosaid the Israeliplanes had penetrated
an Arab who escaped into the crowd. [11/6JP] Syrianairspace. [11/19FBIS]
Jewish settlersin the West Bankthreatenedcivil In Rome, five men were convicted of weapons
disobedience if Peres tried to negotiate any ex- chargesin connectionwith the Achille Lauro inci-
change of territoryfor peace with Jordan. [11/6 dent and sentencedto prisontermsof fromfour to
NYT] nine years. They still face murderand kidnapping
Ha'aretz reported that the IDF Central Com- charges.
mandhad bannedtelevision coverage of all illegal Likudpoliticiansthreateneda new coalitioncri-
demonstrationson the West Bank. sis if Minister without Portfolio Ezer Weizman
Israeli radio said the Nablus Chamberof Com- accepted an invitationto visit Cairo. [11/19JP]
merce had agreed to run the town's council, fol- Nov. 20: The jail sentence of one of the convicted
lowing negotiations among Israel, Jordan, the Achille Lauro hijackerswas declaredvoid after it
PLO, and local residents. [11/6FBIS] was discovered he was underage and must be
Nov. 6: Rabin banned publicationof the settlers' retriedbefore a juvenile court. [11/21AN]
newspaper,Alef Yud, after it urged resistance to Nov. 21: The PLO Executive Committee met in
any governmentattemptto returnpartsof the West Baghdadto review its policy on MiddleEast peace
Bank. [11/7JP] efforts. [11/21CSM]
Nov. 7: In Cairo, 'Arafatcondemnedterroristacts The committeereaffirmedthe PLO's rejectionof
againstciviliansanywhere,and said thatthose who UN resolutions242 and 338. [11/22AN]
carriedout attacksoutsideIsraeli-heldlandswould Two Arabs were sentenced to life in prison for
be punished. [11/8 NYT] the murderof two Israeli teachers in June. [11/22
Voice of Lebanon said that Israeli forces had FBIS]
discoveredan armscache nearal-Khiyamin south- Nov. 22: Shamirsaid Egypt must officiallyexplain
ern Lebanon, and had searched neighboringvil- the Ras al-Burqa'murders,punish the murderer,
lages and arrestedabout 160 people. apologize to Israel, publishthe investigation'sre-
Israeli authoritiesclosed the Al-HaqawatiThe- sults, and express willingnessto compensate the
ater in East Jerusalem to prevent a meeting of victim's families, before the Taba talks can
those protesting the deportationof three Arabs resume. [11/25FBIS]
from the occupied territories.[11/8FBIS] Nov. 23: MubarakdefendedEgypt's actions in the
Nov. 10:Ha'aretzreportedthat80 of 90 Arabsheld trialof KhatiranddeniedShamir'saccusationsthat
underadministrativedetentionwere recentlytrans- the Oct. 5 incident was causing problems in
ferredfrom West Bank prisons to Beershebajail. Egyptian-Israelirelations.[11/24JP]
[11/14FBIS] Nov. 25: Peresand KingHassanII of Moroccosaid
A Jewish man was stabbedin East Jerusalemby they would be willing to meet and that there had
unknownassailants. [11/1 JP] been contacts between them. [11/26WP]
Nov. 11: IDF sources said Israel would respond An Israelitourguidewas stabbedby an assailant
favorablyto a request by three Lebanese villages in East Jerusalem.[11/26NYT]
to be included in the Israeli security zone. [11/12Nov. 26: The JerusalemPost said Egypt's claim to
FBIS] Taba was based on a forged map. [11/26JP]
In the West Bank, one Palestiniandied while The US offered a rewardof $250,000for infor-
preparing a bomb, and another was shot and mationleadingto the arrestof Muhammad'Abbas.
wounded in a clash with an Israeli settler. [l1/12 Reagansigneda resolutionhaltingarms sales to
WP] Jordanuntil it partakesin direct negotiationswith
Nov. 16: A Soviet spokesmanin Geneva for the Israel.
US-USSR Summit said the Soviet Union would PalestinianbusinessmanSafir al-Masriwas ap-
renew ties with Israel only if Israel agreedto PLO pointedmayorof NablOs.[11/27AN]
participationin peace talks. [11/17JP] Nov. 27: Deposed mayor Bassam Shak'a said al-
The trial of the Egyptianpoliceman, Sulayman Masriwas "in no way representativeof the Pales-
Khatir, accused of killing seven Israelis at Ras tinianpeople." [11/28AN]
al-Burqa' in the Sinai, began before a military The widow of Leon Klinghoffer sued the PLO
tribunalat Suez. [11/19JP] andthe ownersof the AchilleLaurofor $1.5 billion
Nov. 17: In Beirut, a pro-Iraniangroup, the Orga- in damages.[11/28WP]
nizationof the Oppressedon Earth,offeredto free EgyptianOil Minister'Abd al-Hadi Kandil met
four Lebanese Jews kidnappedin the past seven with familiesof the Ras al-Burqa'victims in Jeru-
months if Israel released 300 Shi'a the group said salem. [11/28JP]

309
 Mubaraksent a letter to Peres in which he said
Egypt was preparedto make concessions on nor-
malizing relations if Israel agreed to submit the
Tabadisputeto internationalarbitration.[11/29JP]
Nov. 28: Israelitroops raidedthe villages of Yatir,
Kafraand Harisin southernLebanonaftera recent
increase in anti-Israeliattacksin the area.
Attackers threw firebombsat two Israeli buses
near al-Birehand Ramallah,and at an armypatrol
near Bethlehem. [11/29AN]
Nov. 29: A firelabeled "suspicious"by authorities
damaged the offices of the AmericanArab Anti-
Discrimination Committee in Washington, DC.
[12/1AN]
Nov. 30: The town of Qalqilyaon the West Bank
was placed under curfew after an Arab assailant
shot an Israeli settler on the street. An Arab who
ran away from security officialswas also shot and
wounded. [12/1 NYT]
Dec. 1: 'Arafatsaid those who saw a solutionto the
Palestinian-Israeliconflict in the forseeablefuture
were "deludingthemselves." [12/2AN]
Beirut radio said guerrillashad ambushed an
Israeli patrol in southern Lebanon, killing or
woundingfive soldiers. [12/2NYT]
Jerusalem radio cited "reports" that North
Yemen's Jews were victims of Palestinianterror-
ism. PLO radio in Aden denied the charges. [12/3
FBIS]
Rabatradio reportedthat a West Germancargo
ship loadedin Israelwas seized in Tunisianwaters.
[12/2FBIS]
Dec. 2: Palestinian moderate 'Aziz Shihada, 73,
was stabbedto death outside his home in Ramal-
lah. [12/3JP]
Threemen describedas "Palestiniansympathiz-
ers," includinga Jordanianand a Briton, went on
trial in Cyprus for the Sept. 25 murderof three
Israelisat Larnaca.[12/3AN]
In Nablus, three Arabswere convictedof terror-
ist acts includingthe murderof an Israeli soldier.
[12/4 FBIS]
I)ec. 3: In Cairo, talks began between Israeli and
Egyptiandelegationson a rangeof issues including
Taba and the Ras al-Burqa'killings. [12/3JP]
The AbulNid.algroup claimedresponsibilityfor
the murderof Shihada. The PLO condemnedthe
assassination.[12/4JP]
Israeli radio reportedthat the IsraeliArmy car-
ried out an operation against "concentrationsof
terrorists belonging to Ahmad Jibril's organiza-
tion" near Hasbayya, Lebanon. [12/3FBIS]
Dec. 4: Lebanondecided to protestthe raid at the
UN. [12/5 NYT]
Jerusalemradio said "thousands" participated
in Shihada'sfuneral. [12/5 FBIS]
Dec. 5: Israeli authorities issued a deportation
order against MahmfidDahish of Bani Na'im and
Yunis al-Rajab, both residents of the occupied
territories.[12/6 FBIS]
.310
The bodies of two Arabs were found in an
orchard 15 miles southwest of Jerusalem. [12/6
NYT]
Dec. 6: The three Israelis killed at Larnacawere
said to have been intelligenceagents by witnesses
in the murdertrial.
An Israeli soldier was found murderednear Tel
Aviv. [12/7AN]
Both the DemocraticFrontfor the Liberationof
Palestine(DFLP) and Force 17, Fath's elite com-
mandogroup, claimedresponsibilityfor the death
of the soldier. [12/9 FBIS]
Dec. 8: Israeli soldiers ousted from Jericho 12
Jewishsettlerswho were attemptingto settle in the
ancientsynagoguethere. [12/9 FBIS]
Mubarakstronglyurgedthe US to allow the PLO
a role in the peace process. [12/9WP]
President Chaim Herzog commuted the sen-
tences of two Jewish terroristsconvicted of plot-
tingto blow up the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem.
Israelitroopscaptureda squadof DFLP guerril-
las trying to infiltrateIsrael from Lebanon. [12/9
NYT]
A hunger strike among jailed Palestinians at
Jenin to protest prison conditions, which began
Dec. 5, spreadto all prisons inside Israel and the
occupiedterritories.[12/9AN]
Dec. 9: A fire at an IDF base in Gaza killed eight
Israeli soldiers and wounded seven. Force 17
claimed responsibility,but Israeli authoritiesde-
nied the fire resultedfrom terrorism.[12/9 FBIS]
The two expelled West Bankresidentssaid they
were waivingtheirrightof appealin orderto avoid
giving the expulsions any semblance of legality.
[12/10FBIS]
Dec. 10: FBI Director William Webster warned
Arab-Americans thatthey couldbecome targetsfor
a groupseeking to harm"enemies of Israel,' and
suggesteda link between five terroristattacks on
Arab-Americansand neo-Nazis this year. [12/11
NYT]
Dec. 13: Palestinian sources said the PLO was
redeployingits forces from Tunis to Baghdadand
other Arabcapitals. [12/13AN]
Mu$tafaNatshi, formermayorof Hebron,said a
dozen prominentPalestiniansfrom the occupied
territoriesplannedto meet 'Arafatin Ammanon
Dec. 16to convince him to recognizeIsrael. [12/14
AN]
The three on trial in Cyprus for the Larnaca
affair were found guilty and sentenced to life in
prison. [12/14WP]
AvrahamGirdi, a contractoraccused of large-
scale fraudin West Banklandtransactions,triedto
commitsuicidebefore his indictmentin Tel Aviv's
districtcourt. [12/15JP]
Dec. 14: Israel's militaryauthoritiessaid it would
not permitthe Palestiniansto go to Amman.[12/15
JP]
An Israeli soldier was stabbed and wounded
while patrollingNablus. [12/15NYT]
Dec. 15:IsraeliArmyChiefof StaffLt. Gen. Moshe
Levy said Syria had moved SA 2 surface-to-air
missiles close to the Syrian-Lebaneseborder,ham-
peringIsraelireconnaissanceflightsover Lebanon.
Peres said Syria was seeking a confrontationwith
Israel. [12/16WP]
Dec. 16: Despite militaryleaders'havingspokenof
an "extremely dangerous situation," Rabin said
there was no compellingreasonfor Israelto attack
Syria. [12/17WP]
The Reagan administrationexpressed concern
over Syrian-Israelitensions and urgedrestrainton
both sides. [12/17JP]
Dec. 17:Israeliauthoritiesclosed Al-NajahUniver-
sity in Nablus to prevent a symposiumon armed
struggleagainstIsrael. [12/18CSM]
D)ec.20: The decomposed body of a Palestinian
journalist,Hassan 'Abdal-Halim,who disappeared
Oct. 3 while investigatingWest Bank land fraud,
was found in a field near Ramallah.
About 1000people demonstratedin Cairofor the
release of SulaymanKhatir,the policemanaccused
of murderingseven Israelis. [12/21AN]
Dec. 21: About 3000 Israeli Arabs marched in
Nazareth to protest government discrimination
againstthem. [12/22WP]
Dec. 22: Seventeen Palestinianssuspected by au-
thoritiesof instigatingthe hungerstrikewere trans-
ferredto a prison at Beersheba. [12/23AN]
In an interviewwith ABC News, Mubaraksaid
'Arafatwould be the "big fat loser" if he failed to
accept UN resolutions 242 and 338 and said the
PLO leader had only two months to do so before
King Husayn found anotherway to pursuepeace.
[12/23JP]
Dec. 23: Israelipolice said Hassan 'Abd al-Halim,
whose body was foundon Dec. 20, was killedby a
bomband suggestedhe hadbeen makingit himself.
Al-Fajr Editor Hanna Sany'ira observed that he
hadvery poor eyesightanddoubtedhe wouldmake
a bomb. [12/24JP]
Dec. 24: Israeli securityforces arrestedtwo Pales-
tinians in connection with a fire in the Gaza Strip
whichdestroyedor damaged150buses. [12/25AN]
Dec. 25: PLO Deputy CommanderAbu Jihadsaid
the PLO would not be influencedby Mubarak's
statements,and that it was up to Israelandthe US
to make concessions. [12/26AN]
Syrian PresidentHafiz al-Asad received a mes-
sage from Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev ex-
pressing supportfor Syria over the deploymentof
missiles along the border with Lebanon. [12/26
NYT]
Dec. 26: Peres said Syria had moved its missiles
back into eastern Lebanon, less than two weeks
afterthey were withdrawnat the requestof the US,
and that Israel was "watchingthe situation very
carefully." [12/27NYT]
Two Palestinianprisonersin Gaza were stran-
gled to death by fellow prisoners, reportedlyfor
cooperatingwith Israeliauthorities.[12/27JP]
A bomb exploded in Tel Aviv, injuring one
woman. The PLO claimed responsibility. [12/27
FBIS]
Dec. 28: At least ten people were arrested in Cairo
at a sit-in organized by the Socialist Labor Party at
the al-Nur Mosque in support of Khatir. [12/30
FBIS]
Khatir was sentenced to life in prison with hard
labor, as opposition press in Egypt accused
Mubarak of bowing to Israeli pressure. [12/29 WP]
Dec. 30: Israeli planes flew over Lebanon in an
apparent test of Syria's missiles. [12/31 WP]
An Israeli was shot and wounded in Hebron, ancl
Israeli security forces shot and wounded two Arabs
for failing "to stop and identify themselves.'
[12/31 JP]
An Israeli soldier was wounded and two SLA
soldiers were killed near Bint Jubayl in Israel's
southern security zone in Lebanon. [12/31 FBIS]
Dec. 31: Witnesses said Israeli and SLA troops had
stormed the Shi'i village of Kunin, arrested 30
men, and forced its entire population of 2,000 to
leave. Israel said the SLA had entered the town
looking for the man responsible for an ambush the
night before that killed four militiamen and
wounded an Israeli "military adviser," and that the
town's residents' had "fled." [1/1 NYT]
1986
Jan. 1: UNIFIL officials confirmed the exodus
from Kunin. [1/2 NYT]
The Jerusalem Post reported that the Force 17
PLO commando unit had transferred its headquar-
ters to Cairo. [1/1 JP]
A bomb exploded outside an Israeli Army post in
Jerusalem on the 21st anniversary of Fath's found-
ing.
Five Palestinians from Gaza were arrested under
"administrative detention" on suspicion of orga-
nizing commando cells. [1/2 AN]
Israeli troops clashed with guerrillas planning a
katyusha attack on the Galilee, killing one, accord-
ing to the Jerusalem Post. [1/2 JP]
Jan. 2: Katyusha rockets fired from Lebanon fell
on Israel's northern border towns. [1/3 CSM]
Jan. 3: 'Abd al-Halim al-Badawi, Egypt's chief
negotiator in the Taba dispute, said Egypt would
not resume talks on the issue unless the Israeli
Cabinet agreed to international arbitration.
Two Arabs were arrested in connection with the
murder of an Israeli taxi driver at Lod. [1/4 WP]
Force 17 claimed responsibility for the murder.
[1/4 AN]
Jan. 4: US officials said Syria had withdrawn its
antiaircraft missiles from Lebanon. Israeli author-
ities said the missiles were still in the same general
area and posed a threat to Israeli patrol flights. [1/5
NYT]
Jan. 4: 'Arafat charged Syria and Libya with
sponsoring recent terrorist attacks in order to dis-
311
creditthe PLO and preventa negotiatedsettlement Three riots broke out and 19 Muslims were ar-
with Israel. rested by more than 600 policemen wielding tear
Israeli and SLA troops carriedout searchoper- gas and riot sticks. [1/15 JP]
ations in the villages of Kafra and Yatir. Israel
reportedlymoved 30 tanks into the securityzone.
[1/5 WP]
Jan. 5: Cairo's news agency denied Force 17 had
moved to Cairo. [1/6 JP]
Jan. 6: Lebanese PresidentAmin al-Jumayyilmet
with the heads of the US, Soviet, French,Chinese,
and Britishmissions in Beirutto seek great power
supportto persuadeIsrael to leave southernLeb-
anon. [1/7 AN]
Jan. 7: Convicted policeman Khatir was found
hanged in a militaryprison hospital, an apparent
suicide. [1/8 NYT]
Israeli jets flew over Beirut, droppingthermal
balloons to deflect heat-seeking missiles. Israeli
and Lebanese sources denied reports Syria had
firedmissiles at the planes. [1/8 WP]
An Israeli militarycourt sentenced eight Pales-
tinians to prison terms of from 14 to 28 years for
assaults on Israelis and hijackings in the Gaza
Strip. [1/8 AN]
Jan. 8: Hundreds of students demonstratedin
Cairoto protest Khatir'sdeath.
A group of Knesset memberscomplainedthey
were harassedby Arabswhile investigatingreports
of illegal constructionon the Temple Mount, re-
vered by Muslimsas al-Haramal-Sharif.[1/9 WP]
Reportedly, Muslims were outraged when the
politicians tried to take pictures inside Al-Aqsa-
Mosque. [1/9 AN]
Jan. 9: A new autopsy was orderedto determine
whetherKhatircommittedsuicide.
Police arrestedthree militantJews who tried to
hoist an Israeliflagon the TempleMountin protest
againstArab actions. [1/10WP]
Syrian Nafih Fu'ad Hassan was hanged in
Damascus for spying for Israel, the day after his
brotherwas hangedfor the sameoffense. [1/10AN]
Jan. 10: Israeliforces barredMuslimsfrom Friday
prayersat al-Aqsa Mosque. [1/ 1 AN]
Jan. 11:An Israelipolicemanwas shot to deathand
another wounded in Nablus. A curfew was im-
posed, and army patrols carried out house-to-
house searches, arrestinga numberof Arabs. [1/12
WP]
Jan. 13: Israel's government survived a severe
coalition crisis as, after a lengthy debate, the
ten-memberInner Cabinet agreed to submit the
Taba dispute to arbitrationon condition Egypt
normalizerelationswith Israel. [1/13WP]
Forensic experts said Khatirhad committedsui-
cide. [1/14AN]
Jan. 14: A new confrontationbroke out at the
TempleMountas a 16-memberKnesset inspection
party was confrontedby Muslimprotesterswhen
two Knesset members from the hard-lineTehiya
party suddenlybegan to pray, an act forbiddenby
agreementof both Muslimand Israeli authorities.
312
Petroleum Affairs
1985
Dec. 7: OPEC ministers meeting in Geneva warned
that oil prices could drop significantly in 1986, with
grave consequences. [12/8 WP]
Dec. 8: OPEC ministers agreed to abandon OPEC's
official policy of maintaining its $28-a-barrel oil
price through cuts in output, and instead will cut
prices to try to protect OPEC's share of the world
market. [12/9 NYT]
Dec. 10: World oil prices collapsed in a day of
heavy trading, to $25.23 a barrel. [12/11 NYT]
Regional Affairs
General
(See also, Syria)
1985
Oct. 17: In Rome, a court cleared six Lebanese
men of charges they planned a suicide bomb attack
on the US Embassy there. [10/18 AN]
Oct. 21: After meeting in Kuwait, the Gulf Coordi-
nation Council (GCC) defense ministers said they
had reviewed steps to complete the formation of
the GCC's "Peninsula Shield" forces. [10/22 FBIS]
Nov. 3: The sixth annual summit meeting of the
GCC opened in Muscat, Oman. [11/4 NYT]
Nov. 14: A round of talks between Iraq and Libya,
mediated by an inter-Arab conciliation committee
and attended by King Hassan of Morocco and
UAE President Shaykh Zayd ibn Sultan Al
Nuhayyan, opened in Rabat. [11/16 AN]
Nov. 17: In Baghdad the Arab Parliamentary Union
urged Arab nations to reevaluate their relations
with the US in an effort to make the US take a more
balanced stance in the Arab-Israeli conflict. [11/18
AN]
Nov. 23: An Egyptian airliner was hijacked and
forced to land at Valletta, Malta. Four persons
were reportedly killed, at least three by hijackers
calling themselves Egypt's Revolution. Eleven fe-
male passengers were released by the hijackers. An
American and an Israeli passenger were injured.
[11/24 WP]
Nov. 24: In a rescue attempt, Egyptian military
commandos stormed the hijacked jet and 57 pas-
sengers and hijackers, including eight children,
died. There were 25 survivors. The State Depart-
ment said it supportedthe Egyptianaction. [11/25
WP]
The PLO Central Committee condemned the
hijacking.Egyptian forces on the Libyan border
were placed on alert. [11/25FBIS]
Nov. 25: Malteseauthoritiessaid one of the hijack-
ers had survived.Egypt accusedAbuiNidal's PLO
dissidentgroup, backed by Libya, of carryingout
the hijacking.[11/26WP]
Nov. 26: The WashingtonPost reportedthat the
US had providedtrainingand technicalsupportto
the Egyptiancommandoswho stormedthe plane.
[11/26WP]
Two groups claimingjoint responsibilityfor the
hijacking,the Organizationof Egypt's Revolution-
aries, and the Organizationof ArabRevolutionary
Brigades, said it had been in retaliationfor the
Israeli air raid on PLO headquartersin Tunis.
11/26JP]
Maltese authoritiesbegan investigatingthe af-
fair, and Mubarakwarned Libya that Egypt was
willing to "go to war ... to bringpeace." [11/27
WP]
US forces in the Mediterraneanwere puton alert
in case Libyan-Egyptiantensions escalated into
fighting.[11/27NYT]
Nov. 27: Amid rising controversyover the Egyp-
tian operation, Maltese hospital personnel said
most of the dead had died from smoke inhalation,
not bullets. Witnesses said the plane had caught
fire from explosions set off by the commandos.
[11/28NYT]
Nov. 28: Libyansources deniedLibya was respon-
sible for the hijackingand said it was plannedby
the Egyptian regime to provide "an excuse for
aggression"againstLibya. [11/29FBIS]
Egyptian authoritiesdemanded the extradition
from Maltaof the survivinghijacker,identifiedas
20-year-oldTunisianOmarMazrouki.[11/29CSM]
Jordanianofficials announced an end to two-
year-oldtravel restrictionsto Syria. [11/29AN]
Dec. 1: The death toll in the Malta hijackinginci-
dent rose to 60, as a woundedIsraeliwomandied.
Maltese officials said three senior Americanmili-
tary officers, led by Brig. Gen. Robert Wiegaud,
had helped coordinatethe Egyptiancommandos'
assault, but US officialssaid their role was one of
"moral support." [12/2NYT]
Dec. 2: In Tripoli, Syrian Vice President 'Abd
al-HalimKhaddamsaid in the event of any attack,
Libya would be supportedby Syria. [12/3 FBIS]
Dec. 3: Mubaraksaid Egypt had no plans for war
with Libya because 'it is impossiblefor Egypt to
fightan Arab or Africanbrother."[12/4AN]
Dec. 4: Malta rejected Egypt's request that it
extraditethe survivinghijacker.[12/5AN]
Dec. 5: The Washington Post reported that the
Maltese incident was causing criticism in Egypt
that the government had distorted what actually
happened.[12/5 WP]
Yemen radio reported that Yemeni President
'All 'Abdallah Salih was mediating between Egypt
and Libya. [12/16 FBIS]
Dec. 6: Egyptian Interior Minister Ahmad Rushdi
said an Egyptian investigation had revealed that all
the hijackers had been Palestinians with forged
passports. [12/9 FBIS]
Dec. 7: Maltese authorities said the surviving hi-
jacker, a Palestinian whose real name was
Muhammad 'Ali Rizaq, would be tried as soon as
he was strong enough. [12/8 AN]
Qadhdhafi accused the US of firing on a recent
Libyan reconnaissance flight over the Mediterra-
nean. [12/8 WP]
Dec. 11: The International Court of Justice in the
Hague refused to reconsider its 1982 decision de-
lineating the Libyan-Tunisian border. [12/2 AN]
Dec. 24: Soviet leader Gorbachev has "expressed
his readiness" to mediate between Syria and Iraq,
according to Al-Watan. [12/26 FBIS]
Dec. 27: In apparently coordinated grenade and
machine-gun attacks on El-Al Israel Airlines
check-in counters at Rome and Vienna airports.
terrorists killed at least 12 and wounded 114 others.
An 11-year-old American girl was among those
killed in Rome, where police killed three of four
terrorists. In Vienna, one terrorist was killed and
two others were captured after a car chase. Israeli
officials said the PLO was probably responsible
and promised retaliation. PLO officials denied the
charge and condemned the actions. A caller to a
Spanish radio station said the Abfu Nid.al organiza-
tion carried out the attacks. [12/28 NYT]
Dec. 28: US officials said they hoped to "temper"
Israel's response to the Rome and Vienna incidents
and prevent it from attacking neighboring coun-
tries, in order not to "inhibit the peace process."
The surviving gunman in Rome, Muhammad
Sarham, said he was a member of the Martyrs of
Palestine, believed to be a pseudonym for the Abui
Nid.al Fath Revolutionary Council, and a note on
his person said that the attack was a reprisal for
Israel's Tunis raid. The death toll in the attacks
rose to three in Vienna and 15 in Rome, where five
Americans died. [12/29 WP]
Dec. 29: Rabin said the Abu Nidal faction, backed
by Libya, was apparently responsible for the at-
tacks, and that Israel would base its decision on
retaliation on its own security needs, not on US
appeals for restraint. Italian and Austrian officials
said they also suspected Abui Nidal, and the Aus-
trians said they had "ruled out" 'Arafat's PLO.
[12/30 WP]
Dec. 30: The Reagan administration also accused
Libya of aiding the airport terrorists and said the
US would work to exert pressure on Libya to stop
the "export of terrorism." [12/31 NYT]
Reagan administration officials said they would
support any Israeli retaliation against the sources
of the terrorist attacks. [12/31 WP]
313
Dec. 31: The State Departmentissued a report
stressingthe AbuiNidal group'slinks to Libya and
said it was "among the most dangerous of the
MiddleEasternterroristorganizations."Libya de-
nied involvementin the Rome and Vienna attacks
and said Israel and the US were planning"joint
aggression"againstLibya. [1/1 NYT]
Austrianand Italianofficialssaid they had con-
cluded that Abui Nidal was responsible for the
airportattacks. [1/1 WP]
Two Portugueseand an Egyptianwere charged
in Paris with preparingto bomb a synagogue. [1/1
NYT]
1986
Jan. 1: Israeli officials welcomed US supportfor
retaliationagainstgroupsresponsiblefor the Rome
and Vienna attacks but questioned why Israel
alone should be responsible.[1/2 NYT]
Jan. 2: US officials urged Western Europeanna-
tions to join the US in imposingeconomic sanc-
tions againstLibyafor supportingterroristgroups.
[1/3 NYT]
Qadhdhafiwarned the US and Israel that any
aggression against Libya would start an all-out
world war and attacks on Americansin the US.
A Greek woman died in Rome, bringing the
death toll in the airportattack to 16. [1/3 AN]
Jan. 3: US warplaneswere sent to the Mediterra-
nean and several warshipsput on alert to monitor
Libyan militarymoves.
West Germany,France, Italy, and GreatBritain
expressed doubts about the efficacy of sanctions
againstLibya. [1/4 WP]
The New York Times reported that police in
Brussels, Madrid, Paris, and Athens had foiled
Arab-backedterroristplots in the past week. [1/3
NYT]
Jan. 4: Meetingin Tunis, the Arab Leaguegeneral
secretariatwarned that "threats and troop move-
ments" directed against Libya could only have
'disastrous"consequences. [1/5 WP]
Jan. 5: Qadhdhafidenied there were any Palestin-
ian trainingcamps in Libya and said his country
was not responsible for the airport attacks. US
officialscalled the denial "incredible."[1/6 NYT]
Jan. 7: Reaganannouncedthatthe US wouldsever
all economicties with Libyaand saidall Americans
must leave or face prosecutionon their returnto
the US. [1/8 NYT]
The Islamic Conference Organization,meeting
in Fez, Morocco, expressed solidaritywith Libya
against "internationalimperialismand the Zionist
entity." [1/8 WP]
Jan. 8: Reagan ordered a freeze on millions of
dollarsin Libyan assets in the US. [1/9 WP]
Jan. 9: The Italiangovernmentsaid it would stop
exporting "particularlydangerous" weapons to
Libyaand thatno Italianworkerswouldbe permit-
.314
ted to takejobs vacatedby Americansthere. [1/10
WP]
Jan. 10: BritishPrimeMinisterMargaretThatcher
warned that retaliatorystrikes against targets in
Libya might produce "much greater chaos" and
urged legal means to combat terrorism.She also
rejectedtradesanctionsas ineffective. [1/ 1 NYT]
Iran-IraqWar
1985
Oct. 18: A FrenchNavy ship refused to allow the
IranianNavy to intercepta French containership
in the PersianGulf. [11/11WP]
Iraqiradiosaid Iraqiplanes raidedKhargIsland
and hit a "largemaritimetarget" near the Iranian
coast in the Gulf. [10/18FBIS]
Oct. 19: A Panamanianregisteredship, the Orien-
tal Champion,was hit by a missileon Oct. 18. Iraqi
radioalso said the IraqiNavy destroyedan Iranian
warshipand thattwo Iranianpilots haddefected to
Iraqwith their helicopter.[10/21FBIS]
Oct. 22: The Iranian news agency (IRNA) an-
nouncedthatan Iranianoffensivein the Sumararea
had caused 170 Iraqi casualties. The Iraqi news
agency (INA) said the Iranian attack had been
"crushed" and that no Iraqis had been hurt or
killed. [10/23FBIS]
Oct. 24: IRNAreportedthatIranianforces killedor
wounded over 300 Iraqi troops in the " 'Ashura
IV" operation. Iraqi radio said Iraqi forces
launcheda "devastating"attack on the Bahnegan
oil field. [10/24FBIS]
Iraqi radio said Iraqi planes attacked Iran's
Cyrusand Ardeshiroil fields and the KhvorMalih
monitoringstation. [10/25FBIS]
Oct. 26: Iraqiradio said Iraqijets hit Iran's Kharg
Islandoil terminal,"a largemaritimetarget"in the
Gulf, and an Iraniantelecommunicationsstationat
Khvor Malih. [10/28FBIS]
Oct. 29: IRNA said Iranianplanes damagedIraq's
oil installationsat al-Halfayaand Darband.Iraqi
sources denied the attack. IRNA also said Iranian
forces had destroyed eight Iraqi companies and
liberated64 outposts since beginningtheir offen-
sive Oct. 23. [10/30FBIS]
Nov. 2: Japanesesources reportedthat Iranwould
resumedirect oil shipmentsfrom its KhargIsland
terminalafter a 45-day suspension. [11/5 FBIS]
Nov. 4: INA said Iraqi planes attacked a large
maritimetargetnearthe Iraniancoast. [11/5FBIS]
Nov. 5: Tehran radio said an assault by Iranian
forces had gained "full control" of the "opera-
tional section" of south Mehran,but Iraqireports
said the Iranianattackwas repulsed.
A Greek supertanker, the Canaria, was hit by a
missile near Kharg.[11/6 FBIS]
Nov. 6: IraqiplanesraidedAhvaz, killing28 indus-
trial workersand residents. INA said Iraqitroops
also killed 109 Iraniansin the al-Hawizamarshes.
[I 1/7 FBIS]
Nov. 7: The New YorkTimesreportedthatIraqhad
staged four land and air attacks on Iranianposi-
tions within the past 24 hours amid reports that
Iran was planninga majorattack in the southern
marshes. [11/8NYT]
Nov. 9: Al-Qabas said the GCC had begun imple-
menting a policy of providing air protection to
ships sailing to and from Arab Gulf countries.
111/14FBIS]
Nov. 11: The WashingtonPost reportedthat the
IranianNavy had challengedover 300 ships in the
PersianGulfsince September,andhad stoppedand
searched many for cargo bound for Iraq. [11/11
WP]
Nov. 16: Iraqi missiles hit the Maltese-registered
Koncarin the Gulf, forcingit to landat SirriIsland.
[11/18FBIS]
Nov. 18: Iraqiradiosaid IraqiplanesraidedKharg,
and hit a large maritimetarget near the Iranian
coast, while Iraqi air defenses downed an Iranian
F-5 near Maysan. [11/18FBIS]
Nov. 19: Iraqi radio said Iraqi jets hit a large
maritime target near the Iranian coast. [11/20
F'BIS]
Nov. 21: Iraqi authorities released 17 "elderly"
Iranianprisonersof war. [11/22AN]
Nov. 22: In the Gulf, a SaudiArabianrescue team
reportedly rescued 18 survivors from a Qatari
cargo ship, the Al-Mansura,hit by a missile be-
lieved to be Iraqi. Two crew membersdied, and
one was reportedmissing. [11/23AN]
Baghdadradio announcedan Iraqi air raid on
KhargIsland. [11/25FBIS]
Nov. 23: Iraqi planes attacked a large maritime
targetin the Gulf nearthe Iraniancoast, according
to Baghdadradio. [11/25FBIS]
Nov. 24: INA said Iraqi planes attacked Kharg
Island and a "large maritimetarget" in the Gulf.
Tehranradio said Iranianforces penetratedIraqi
positions in Ilam Province. [11/25FBIS]
Nov. 25: In the latest of a spate of similarincidents,
the IranianNavy seized a Kuwaiticargovessel, the
Ibn al-Baytar,in the Gulf of Oman. [11/25NYT]
Nov. 28: Iraqiradio said a "violent" Iraqiair raid
on Kharghad set it on fire. [11/29FBIS]
Dec. 3: Two Turksanda Canadianwere arrestedin
Newark, NJ, on charges of trying to smuggle$10
millionin arms to Iran. [12/4AN]
INA reported that Iraqi jets attacked a large
maritime target near the Iranian coast and said
Iraqiforces had "crushed"an Iranianforce attack-
ing the central sector, killing "over 50." [12/3
FBIS]
Dec. 4: Iraqi radio said Iraqijets attackeda large
maritimetargetin the Gulf. [12/4FBIS]
Dec. 7: Iraqi planes damagedthe Cypriot tanker
Pol;ys in the Gulf. [12/9AN]
Dec. 12: Iranianofficialssaid Iraqhad begunusing
a new rocket capable of killing people within 40
yardsof the pointof impact,and that such a rocket
had been used in an air raid on Huvayza on Dec.
10, killing 14 and wounding30. [12/13NYT]
Dec. 13: Parliamentary Speaker Hashimi
Rafsanjanisaid Iranhad completedpreparationsto
invade Iraq, but would postpone the offensive if
Iraq's Arab friends pressured it to end attacks
againstIran. [12/14AN]
Dec. 15: Iraqi sources said Iraqi planes attacked
KhargIslandand hit a "large naval target" in the
Gulf. Iranian radio said Iranian bombers struck
Iraqi troops near the Hawiza marshes causing
heavy losses. [12/16NYT]
Dec. 24: Iraqi radio said Iraqi planes hit a "very
largenavaltarget"in the Gulfand set fire to Iran's
oil export terminalat Kharg. Tehran radio said
Iranian planes attacked Iraqi positions near al-
'Amara,on the southernfront. [12/25NYT]
Baghdad radio said Iraqi forces had secretly
completed an extensive concrete barrier along
Iraq's central and southern borders with Iran.
[12/25AN]
Dec. 26: Kuwaiti officials confirmedthat the Ku-
waiti tankerAl-Qadhuriahad been attackedby an
Iranianhelicopternear Qatar.[12/26FBIS]
Dec. 27: The WashingtonPost reportedthat Iran
was speedingup plans to build a 200-miletwin oil
pipelineout of rangeof Iraqiplanes, from Ghurrih
to Asaluyah. [12/27WP]
Dec. 28: The IranianNavy seized a Danish ship,
the Hornland,in the Gulf of Oman. The ship was
carryingcrates of explosives, accordingto IRNA.
[12/29WP]
Dec. 29: Iraqiplanes raidedKhargfor the second
time in as many days and flew 79 missions against
Iraniangroundtargets, accordingto Baghdadra-
dio. [11/30FBIS]
Dec. 30: Iranian warplanes bombed Iraqi troop
concentrationsnorth of al-Sulaymaniyaand south
of al-'Amara,accordingto IRNA. Iraqiradio said
Iranianattacks on civilian targetscaused 45 casu-
alties, and that Iran would be punished.INA also
reportedIraqiraidson Khargand a largemaritime
targetin the Gulf. [12/31FBIS]
Dec. 31: Iraqibroadcastssaid Iraqwas steppingup
air attacks on Iranianoil facilities and troop posi-
tions in retaliationfor raids on civilian areas.
A special envoy of Pope John Paul II, Cardinal
Roger Etchegaray,arrivedin Iraq to visit Iranian
prisonersof war. [1/1 NYT]
1986
Jan. 6: Iraqireportssaid Iraqiforces had launched
a ground offensive and recaptured part of the
Majnfin oil field, had shot down an Iranian war-
plane, and launchedan air raid on Kharg. IRNA
said Iranian troops remained in full control of
Majnuin.[1/7 AN]
Jan. 7: A Maltesetankerwas hit by Iraqimissiles in
the Gulf. [1/8 AN]
315
Jan. 8: Two men, American Sung Borg Kuni and
Korean Jung-Sool Oh, were indicted in Washing-
ton on charges of trying to smuggle to Iran sophis-
ticated gyroscopes used in American-made fighter
planes and missiles. [1/9 WP]
Jan. 9: The Iranian Majlis voted to stiffen draft
laws, requiring all drafted soldiers to spend a year
on the Gulf war fronts or in Kurdistan, and upping
penalties for draft resisters. [1/10 AN]
Jan. 12: Iranian sailors stopped and searched an
American merchant ship for more than one hour in
international waters near the Persian Gulf. [1/13
NYT]
Jan. 13: The Reagan administration sent two Navy
warships to the Gulf of Oman, but conceded that
Iran might have had the right to carry out searches
tinder rules of naval warfare. [1/14 NYT]
Western Sahara
1985
Oct. 23: In a speech delivered to the UN on his
behalf by Prime Minister Mohammed Karim
Lamrani, King Hassan announced a unilateral
ceasefire to take effect immediately and asked the
UN to supervise a referendum in the Western
Sahara in January. [10/24 NYT]
A Polisario spokesman quoted by Madrid radio
rejected the king's proposals. [10/24 FBIS]
Oct. 27: Polisario reports claimed to have killed 15
Moroccan soldiers along the desert wall between
Oct. 9 and 22. [10/29 FBIS]
Nov. 21: Algiers radio reported that the Polisario
claimed to have killed and wounded 30 in opera-
tions between Nov. 2 and 16. [11/22 FBIS]
Nov. 30: The Polisario announced that its forces
had killed 20 Moroccan soldiers and wounded 33
others in operations between Nov. 12 and 25. [12/3
FBIS]
Dec. 3: Moroccan UN representative Moulay
Mehdi al-Alaoui said his country would no longer
participate in UN debates on the Western Sahara,
after the General Assembly called for direct talks
between Morocco and the Polisario. [12/4 AN]
Dec. 28: The French press agency reported that
Polisario guerrillas shot down a Moroccan plane
near Dakhla, and Algiers radio said the pilot was
killed. [12/20 FBIS]
Afghanistan
(See also, Pakistan)
1985
Oct. 16: According to the Christian Science Mon-
itor, Soviet forces in Afghanistan reportedly had
accidentally killed about 30 Afghan soldiers and
civilians with "unidentified fumes" near the city of
Maydan Shahr the week before. [10/16 CSM]
316
Oct. 19: Accordingto Pakistanisources, two So-
viet soldiers were exchanged with six Afghan
mujahidinin August 1985 in the first known pris-
oner exchangein the Afghanwar. [10/20AN]
Oct. 22: Heavy fighting reportedly broke out
around Kabul airport between rebel forces and
Soviet and governmenttroops. [10/23NYT]
Oct. 23: Afghanauthoritiesorderedall males of up
to 40 years of age to enlist for three years of
militaryservice. [10/25AN]
Oct. 24: The InternationalHumanitarianInquiry
Commissionsaid at least three Afghan provinces
were threatened with famine next year due to
droughtand the war: Ghazni, Wardakand Logar
provinces. [10/25AN]
Oct. 27: Kabul radio announcedthat the "savage
counterrevolution"hadrecentlylaunchedtwo mis-
siles on the mosqueat Herat,killing14and wound-
ing 78. [10/28FBIS]
Oct. 28: Karachi radio reported that mujahidin
attackedShindadAirportin HeratProvince,killing
70 governmentand Soviet soldiers. [10/28FBIS]
AfghanForeignMinisterShah MohammedDost
said Afghanistancould not reach agreementon the
withdrawalof Soviet troopsunless Pakistanenters
direct negotiations.[10/29NYT]
Oct. 29: Kabul radio said the Afghan Foreign
Ministryhad warnedthe Pakistanicharged'affairs
that Pakistan must end interferencein Afghani-
stan's internal affairs, following an incident in
which an employee at the Pakistaniconsulatewas
caughtexchangingdocuments. [10/30FBIS]
Nov. 2: Afghantroops ringedthe US Embassy in
Kabulin an effort to force the release of a Soviet
soldier who walked into the Embassy Oct. 31,
reportedly seeking help to return to the USSR.
[11/3NYT]
Nov. 4: The soldier, AlexanderSukhanov,left the
US Embassyvoluntarilyafterthe Soviet ambassa-
dor promisedhe would not be punished.[ /115WP]
Nov. 5: The French press agency reported that
Afghanguerrillashad blown up an 80-vehiclecon-
voy of gas tankers enroute to the USSR from
Kabul. [11/6 FBIS]
Nov. 8: Radio Kabul reportedthat 350 rebels had
been killed in Herat Province, and two French
journalistssaidgovernmentforces were gainingthe
upperhand in the northernregion. [11/12FBIS]
Nov. 9: The French press agency reportedthat 80
Soviet soldiers had been killed in a battle with
"'soldiersof other national origins" at an army
camp in Konduz Province, after soldiers from
Tadzhikistanmutinied.[11/12FBIS]
Nov. 11:At the UN, Pakistanrejecteda demandby
Afghanistanfor direct talks aimed at securing a
Soviet withdrawalfrom Afghanistan.[11/12WP]
Nov. 13: By a vote of 122 to 19, the UN General
Assemblyadopteda Pakistaniresolutioncallingfor
the immediatewithdrawalof Soviet troops from
Afghanistan.[11/14WP]
Nov. 15: The AfghangovernmentprotestedIran's
"aggressive attacks" on Afghan borderposts, in-
cluding one by Iranian helicopters on Nov. 9.
[11/18FBIS]
Nov. 22: Three senior members of Afghanistan's
ruling People's Democratic party were removed
from the Politburo: Maj. Gen. Abdul Qader,
Ghulam Dastgir Panjsheri and Ismail Danish.
[11/23AN]
Nov. 27: The ChristianScience Monitorreported
that the assassinationsof at least eight people in
Kabul grew out of factional fighting within the
Communistparty. [11/27CSM]
The French press agency reportedthat Soviet-
Afghantroops had ringedrebel positions in Herat
Province with 5,000 antipersonnel mines that
wound but do not kill. [11/27FBIS]
Nov. 30; Sayed MohammadNasim Mayhanparast
was appointeddeputy chairmanof the Council of
Ministers.[12/2FBIS]
Dec. 6: RadioKabulannouncedthatGhulamFaruq
Yaqubi had been named director of the Khad,
Afghanistan'ssecret police. [12/7AN]
Dec. 13:The State Departmentnotifiedthe UN that
the US was ready to act as a guarantorof a peace
settlement in Afghanistanthat would involve a
Soviet troop withdrawaland an end to US aid to
the rebels. [12/14NYT]
Dec. 17: Heavy fighting was reported from the
Panjsher Valley, where rebel sources said 200
Soviet and Afghan troops died in battles with
mujahidin.[12/18AN]
Dec. 19: In Geneva, Afghanistan and Pakistan
suspendedtheirlatest roundof peace talksto study
new UN proposalsfor a timetablefor Soviet with-
drawal.[12/20AN]
Dec. 26: The DRA Council of Ministersmade the
followingnew appointments:
Sayed AmanoddinAmin: Vice Chairmanof the
Councilof Ministers
Sarjan Khan Zazay: Tribal and Nationalities
Affairs
AbdolWahedSorabi:Social and CulturalAffairs
Abdol GhafurBaher:Islamic Affairs
Fazl Haq Khaleqiar:EconomicAffairs
[12/27FBIS]
Dec. 28: Robertand Jenny Williamson,an Austra-
lian couple kidnappedin Baluchistan,Pakistan,in
'May,were releasedto Britishauthoritiesin Kabul.
1-12/29AN]
Dec. 29: Afghanrebels killed about 100Soviet and
government troops in attacks in Kabul and
Jalalabad marking the sixth anniversary of the
Soviet invasionof Afghanistan.[12/30WP]
Dec. 31: The Afghan government presented an
informal timetable for the withdrawalof Soviet
troops as part of an overall accord, during UN-
sponsoredGenevatalksDec. 16to 19, accordingto
the State Department.[1/1 NYT]
1986
Jan. 3: ArabNews reportedthat resistancefighters
killed more than 72 governmentand Soviet troops
in rocket attacks on Kandaharon Dec. 26 and 27.
[1/3 AN]
Jan. 4: Afghanistanradio said governmentforces
had killedand captureda largenumberof rebels in
recent clashes and had confiscated large arms
caches. [1/5 NYT]
Jan. 7: Westerndiplomatssaid Afghanauthorities
had arrestedfour armygeneralsfor warningrebels
about Soviet troop movements. [1/8 NYT]
Jan. 11: PresidentBabrakKarmalrejectedthe US
offer to serve as guarantorof a peace settlement.
[1/12NYT]
Algeria
(See also, RegionalAffairs)
1985
Oct. 21: Five policemenwere killedin a clash with
Muslimfundamentalistsnear Algiers. [10/25WP]
Oct. 23: Algeriannewspapersannouncedthe arrest
on Oct. 21 of a groupof Muslimactivists suspected
of havingstolen weaponsfroma police academyin
Soumaa and of having killed a police officer in
August. [10/24LM]
Oct. 26: Le Monde reportedthat high school stu-
dents in Tizi-Ouzouhad held demonstrationsOct.
19 and 20 demandingthe release of imprisoned
membersof the Associationof the Sons of Martyrs
and the AlgerianLeague of HumanRights. [10/26
LM]
Algerian authorities forced a civilian Libyan
airlinerto land when it entered Algerianairspace,
accordingto the Moroccanpress agency.
Algerianauthoritiesannouncedthat Algeriaand
New Zealandwouldestablishdiplomaticrelations.
[10/29FBIS]
Oct. 29: Kabyle singer Aft Menguellet was sen-
tenced to three years in prisonand finedfor illegal
possession of weapons. [10/31LM]
Nov. 2: Algiers radio said two members of the
"gang"responsiblefor the Soumaatheft had been
killed by police and another wounded, near the
village of Birtouta.[11/4FBIS]
Nov. 3: Algerianpolice arrestedsociologistRashid
Bellil, the 18thmemberof the AlgerianLeaguefor
HumanRights to be arrestedsince July. At Tizi-
Ouzou, securityforces clashedwith demonstrators
demandingthe release of those arrested.[11/4 AN]I
Nov. 13:Fourteenpeople were sentencedto prison
termsof from one to two years for participatingin
a human rights demonstrationin Tizi-Ouzou on
Nov. 1. [11/14AN]
Dec. 16: FormerpresidentAhmad Ben Bella ancl
Kabyle activist Hocine Aft Ahmed issued a joint
317'
declaration in London calling for democracy in
Algeria. [12/17LM]
Dec. 18: In Algiers, Ben Bella was accused of
defraudingthe state of $6 millionduringhis tenure
of office from 1963-65.[12/19NYT]
Dec. 21: The trial of 40 followers of Ben Bella
chargedwith subversionopened in Medea. [12/23
AN]
Dec. 22: Algeria'srulingNationalLiberationFront
(FLN) met in an extraordinaryCongressto revise
the nationalcharter.[12/23AN]
Dec. 24: NationalistFarhatAbbasdiedin Algiersat
age 86. [12/26LM]
Dec. 25: The court in Medea found 21 of the
defendantsnot guilty and sentenced 19 others to
prisontermsrangingfromone to 20 yearsin prison.
[12/26FBIS]
Dec. 26: The FLN voted to adopta revised charter
that promotes the private sector and stresses the
importanceof smalland mediumbusinesses. [12/27
AN]
Dec. 27: In a resolutionadoptedby the convention,
the FLN also ruled out a multipartysystem and
denouncedoppositiongroups. [12/28NYT]
Cyprus
(See also, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Regional
Affairs)
1985
Nov. 1: Parliamentwas dissolvedand generalelec-
tions set for Dec. 8. [11/3TDN]
Nov. 8: A car bomb killed the director of Iraqi
airlines in Nicosia, Walid Ibrahim, and another
explosion damagedthe airline'soffice. [11/8FBIS]
Nov. 9: Nicosia radio said two groupshad claimed
responsibilityfor the bomb attack, one a "pro-
Syrian organization"and the other calling itself
"IraqiIslamic Revenge." [11/13FBIS]
Dec. 8: Greek Cypriots voted in parliamentary
elections. [12/8AN]
Dec. 9: PresidentSpyros Kyprianou'sDemocratic
partywon 27.3 per cent of the vote, the right-wing
DemocraticRally won 34 per cent, the Communist
Akel 27.1, and the Socialist Edek 11.3 per cent.
[12/10WP]
Dec. 12: The UN Security Council extended the
mandateof the UN peacekeepingforce in Cyprus
for six months. [12/13NYT]
Dec. 16: Dervia Eroglu, prime minister of the
self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern
Cyprus, said UN SecretaryGeneralJavier Perez
de Cuellar had become a supporterof the Greek
side. [12/17TDN]
Dec. 20: Cyprus' new Parliamentfailed for the
second time to elect a house leader. [12/21AN]
318
Dec. 23: Police released Yezid G. Sayigh, an
American detained in connection with an attempt
to smuggle weapons aboard an airliner, for lack of
evidence. [12/24 WP]
Dec. 31: The new Parliament elected socialist Vas-
sos Lyssarides house leader after a three-week
deadlock. [1/1 AN]
Egypt
(See also, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Regional
Affairs, Jordan, Oman, Sudan)
1985
Oct. 12: MEED reported that Egypt's police force
had accepted its first women officers. [10/12
MEED)
Oct. 18: Five US members of the Children of God
sect were detained in Cairo several days for at-
tempting to convert Muslims. [10/21 FBIS]
Oct. 23: Cairo's news agency (MENA) reported
that Mubarak had learned with "surprise and ex-
treme regret" that 'Arafat had met with Egyptian
opposition leaders in Kuwait. [10/23 FBIS]
Oct. 26: Mubarak met with Sudanese leader Gen.
'Abd al-Rahman Siwar al-Dhahab in Cairo, and the
two agreed to set up a joint committee to promote
friendly relations between Egypt and Sudan. [10/28
AN]
Oct. 28: The Supreme State Security Court ordered
the release of 'Umar 'Abd al-Rahman and 12 other
defendants charged with attempting to revive the
Al-Jihad organization. [10/30 FBIS]
Nov. 2: Pakistani President Zia ul-Haq arrived in
Cairo for an official visit. [11/3 AN]
Nov. 4: PLO Chairman Yasir 'Arafat arrived in
Cairo for an official visit. [11/5 FBIS]
Nov. 11: Egyptian Interior Minister Ahmad Rushdi
said authorities had arrested five Libyans in a plot
to kill Libyan exiles in Cairo. [11/12 AN]
Nov. 19: Staff Major General Muhammad 'Ala'
al-Din Barakat was appointed Air Force Chief of
Staff. [11/20 FBIS]
1986
Jan. 7: The State Department announced that
Ambassador Nicholas A. Veliotes was retiring
from the Foreign Service. [1/8 WP]
Jan. 12: At least 12 people died as five tenement
houses in Cairo collapsed. [1/13 AN]
Iran 1986
Jan. 9: The WashingtonPost reportedthat France
(See also, Regional Affairs, Afghanistan, was seeking to improve
relations with Iran ancl
Pakistan,Turkey) hopedtherebyto secure the release of four French
hostages in Lebanon. [1/9 WP]
1985
Oct. 17: President 'All Khaman'i officially ap-
pointedHusaynMusavias primeminister.Musavi
said his Cabinetwould have more membersfrom
"the revolutionaryorganizations."[10/17FBIS] Iraq
Oct. 24: ClandestineRadioIransaid a plot by men (See also, RegionalAffairs,Cyprus, Kuwait)
fromthe revolutionaryguardsandthe mobilization
crusadeto assassinatePresident'All Khaman'ihad 1985
been foiled. [10/25FBIS]
Oct. 20: TalksbetweenSyrianPrimeMinister'Abd
Oct. 28: GhulamRiza Aqazadahwas approvedas
al-Ra'uifal-Kasm and JordanianPrime Minister
oil minister,replacingMuhammadGharazi.[10/29
Zayd al-Rifa'iopened in Riyadh. [10/20AN]
AN]
Oct. 21: SaudiCrownPrince'Abdallahsaid Syrian
The Majlisapproved22 membersof the Cabinet and
Iraqiofficialshad agreedto hold a "high-level
but refused to confirmthe proposedeconomy and
meeting" the Iraqi-Syrianborders the
rninesministers.Two new candidateswere report- morningofregarding
Oct. 21.
e dly underconsideration.New ministerswere:
[10/22 FBIS]
Oct. 26: Jordan's King Husayn met "secretly"
GhulamRiza Aqazadah:Oil with PresidentSaddamHusaynin Baghdad.[10,27
MuhammadHusayn Jalali:Defense
JP]
Mas'id Zanjani-Raghani: Plan and Budget Nov.9: IRNA said Kurdish"freedomfighters"had
MuhammadSayyid Kiya: Roads and Transpor- killed
10 Iraqis duringtwo operationsin Erbil on
fltion
Nov. 3 and 4. [11/13FBIS]
MuhammadFarhadi:Cultureand HigherEduca- Dec. 16: SaddamHusayn met with
Soviet leader
tion Mikhail Gorbachev in Moscow during an unan-
MuhammadTaqi Banki:Energy nouncedstate visit. [12/17WP]
[10/29FBIS]
Nov. 3: IRNA reported that US "agents" were
responsible for a bomb explosion in Tehran that
woundedtwo pedestrians.[11/4 FBIS]
Nov. 7: A car bombin Tehraninjuredthreepeople.
[11/7 FBIS] Israel
Nov. 19: Three persons were executed at Evin (See also, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Regional
13risonfor "masterminding"the bombexplosionat Affairs,Lebanon,Sudan)
T]ehran'sFridayprayerservice earlierin the year.
[11/19 F1I3S] 1985
Nov. 23: Ayatallah Husayn 'Ali Muntaziri was Oct. 17: Israeliofficialsannouncedthat Israel and
selected by a special assembly as Khumayni's Polandhadagreedto reestablishlimiteddiplomatic
successor, accordingto IRNA. [11/24WP] relations,after a breakof 18 years. [10/18NYT]
NIov.25: Two Iranianmilitarypersonnel who hi- Oct. 23: Prime Minister Shimon Peres met with
jacked a small plane to Dubai surrenderedto Soviet Foreign MinisterEduardSheverdnadzein
authoritiesin the UAE. [11/26AN] New Yorkto discuss the possibilityof reestablish-
Nov. 26: [RNA reportedthatat least 8,300 "former ing diplomaticrelations.[10/24FBIS]
rnembers of counterrevolutionarygroups" in Oct. 24: Sixteen thousandteachers and principals
Kurdistan and Azerbaijan had been pardoned. went on strike. [10/24JP]
[12/2 FBIS] Nov. 3: Settlersfromthe GolanHeightsandJordan
lec. 7: A car bombexplodedin Tehran,killingtwo Valleyblockedroadsandbridges,demandingmore
governmentaid. [11/4JP]
persons and wounding18. [12/8WP] Nov. 6: Israel's chief rabbis said EthiopianJews
I)ec. 17: The Paris-based Iranian People's wishing to marrymust undergosymbolic conver-
Mujahidinorganizationsaid at least 165Mujahidin sion rites. [11/7JP]
politicalprisonershad been executed in Iranin the Nov. 12: Labor party ministerscalled for the dis-
past month. [12/18CSM] missal of Trade Minister Ariel Sharon for his
L)ec.22: Two South Yemenis chargedwith hijack- attackson Peres. ForeignMinisterand vice-Prime
ing a Saudi Arabianplane to Iran went on trial in MinisterYitzhakShamirsaid he wouldnot agreeto
T'ehran.112/23FBIS] Sharon'sdismissal. [11/13FBIS]

319
Nov. 13: Peres said he would fire Sharonif he did
not retractspecificcriticismshe had made. Sharon
apologizedin generalterms. [11/14JP]
The Knesset voted to prevent the tabling of
racist or anti-Zionistbills. [11/14FBIS]
The unemploymentrate reached7.7 per cent in
September.[11/14FBIS]
Nov. 16: In Washington,Defense MinisterYitzhak
Rabinsaid the US and Israelwere near agreement
on militaryassistancefor FY 1987,at a level of $1.8
billion plus 5 per cent for inflation.[11/16WP]
Nov. 17: An aide to Sephardi Chief Rabbi
Mordechai Eliahu said the Ethiopian Jews had
agreed long before immigrationto abide by any
demands of the chief rabbinateconcerningtheir
status. [11/17JP]
Nov. 21: In Washington, a Naval Investigative
Service employee, Jonathan J. Pollard, was ar-
rested on chargesof providingsecret documentsto
a foreigngovernmentafter he soughtrefugein the
Israeli Embassy. His wife, Anne L. Henderson-
Pollard, was also arrested and charged with the
unauthorizedpossession of classified documents.
[11/23WP]
Nov. 22: In Jerusalem,US Assistant Secretaryof
State RichardMurphybriefed Israeli officials on
the implicationsof the US-Soviet Geneva summit
for MiddleEast affairs.[11/23WP]
Israeliofficialsdeniedany knowledgeof Pollard.
[11/23WP]
Nov. 23: The Reaganadministrationformallypro-
tested Israel's involvement in the Pollard case.
Israeli officialsremainedreticent, saying only that
espionage against an ally was "completely con-
traryto Israelipolicy." [ 1/24 JP]
Nov. 24: In its firstofficialstatementon the Pollard
affair, the Israeli government expressed "shock
and constermation."[11/25WP]
Peres ordered an investigation into the case.
[11/25 FBIS]
Nov. 25: The JerusalemPost reportedthat Pollard
had provided Israel with informationabout Arab
militarycapabilities.[11/25JP]
Nov. 28: According to the Jerusalem Post, two
Israeli diplomatsimplicatedin the Pollardaffair,
Ilan Ravid and Yosef Yagur, had returnedsud-
denly to Israel earlierin the week. [11/28JP]
US officials charged that Israel was not fully
cooperatingin their investigation.[11/29JP]
Nov. 29: Pollard reportedly was working for a
secret Israeli counterterrorismbureau headed by
Rafael Eitan, an adviser to formerprime minister
MenachemBegin. Israelitelevision said Israelwas
prepared to return the documents obtained by
Pollard, but that it would not turn over the two
Israelidiplomatsfor questioningin the US. [11/29
NYT]
Nov. 30: PresidentReagansaid the US would not
hesitateto prosecutethe spies of any nation,letting
"the chips fall where they may." [12/1NYT]
320
Dec. 1: Peres apologizedto the US for espionage
"to the extent that it did take place." Secretaryof
State George Shultz welcomed the apology, and
US officials said Israel had agreed to allow FBI
investigatorsto come to Israel to interview those
Israelisconcerned. [12/2NYT].
Shamirinformedthe UN that Israel would no
longer cooperate with the InternationalCourt in
the Hague because it is hostile to Israel. [12/3
FBIS]
Dec. 5: Two former Likud aides were indicted in
connectionwith landfraudin the West Bank. [12/16
JP]
Dec. 11: A US team of investigators arrived in
Israelto questionthe threeIsraeliofficialsinvolved
in the Pollardaffair.[12/12NYT]
Dec. 12: US and Israeli officials imposed a news
blackouton the investigationof the Pollardcase.
[12/12JP]
US Assistant Secretary of Defense Richard
Armitagesaid the US had reducedits intelligence-
sharingwith Israelin the wake of the Pollardaffair,
but not in "vital areas." [12/13NYT]
Dec. 13: Israeli officialsdenied reports that Israel
had been involved in illegal schemes to export US
technologywithoutproperlicenses. [12/14NYT]
Dec. 15: Followingsurprisecustoms raidson three
US factoriesto investigatepossible illegaltechnol-
ogy transferto Israel, some Israeli officials sug-
gested pro-Arabelementsin the US were tryingto
"harass"Israel. [12/16WP]
Dec. 18: Peres flew to Genevafor an unannounced
meetingwith PresidentFelix Houphouet-Boignyof
the Ivory Coast, after which the two leaders an-
nounced plans to restore diplomatic relations.
[12/19NYT]
Dec. 21: RafaelEitanwas removedfromhis post as
head of the intelligence-gathering unit, which was
disbanded.[12/22NYT]
Dec. 23: Officials of BrighamYoung University
said they wouldcontinuebuildinga Mormonstudy
centerin Jerusalem,despite oppositionfromIsrae-
lis concerned about attempts to convert Jews.
[12/24WP]
1986
Jan. 6: Fewerimmigrants,a totalof 11,298,arrived
in Israel in 1985than in any other year since the
state's founding.
Jan. 15:LiberalpartyleadersArye Dulzin, Shlomo
Lahat,andYitzhahBerman,who opposedpartner-
ship with Herut in the Likud bloc, formed a new
party, the LiberalCenter. [1/16NYT]
Jordan
(See also, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Regional
Afairs, Iraq, Oman,Syria, Yemen)
1985
Oct. 17: Formerprimeministerand foreign minis-
ter 'Abd al-Mun'imal-Rifa'idied at the age of 70. Oct. 22: Oil Minister'Ali Al Khalifawithdrewhis
[10/18AN] resignationunder pressure from other ministers.
Oct. 21: The Reagan administrationnotifiedCon- [10/22FBIS]
gress of its plans to provideJordanwith up to $2 Nov. 23: A Kuwaitiwas sentenced to five years in
billionin advancedplanesand air defense systems. prisonfor subversion.Three Iraqiswere acquitted
[10/22NYT] of the same charges. [11/24AN]
Oct. 24: PresidentHusniMubarakof Egyptarrived Dec. 30: Three Lebanese and a Syrian allegedly
in Ammanfor an officialvisit. [10/24FBIS] plottingto blow up powerand desalinizationplants
Oct. 28: PLO leader Yasir 'Arafatarrivedin Am- were arrested.[12/31AN]
man for talks with King Husayn. [10/28FBIS]
Nov. 4: King Husayn and Queen Nur flew to 1986
Europe for official visits to Luxembourg and Jan. 7: Al-Siyydsareportedthat Kuwaithad set up
France. [11/5 FBIS] an elite militaryforce to counter hijackings.[1/8
Nov. 12: Lebanon's Voice of Hope radio said AN]
Jordanhad extradited"several hundredsof Mus-
lim brothers" to Syria over the past two days.
[11/13FBIS]
Nov. 13: "Informedsources" said an unexpected
visit by 'Arafat to Amman signalled his concern
over the Syrian-Jordanianrapprochement.[11/14
FBIS]
Lebanon
Nov. 17: TurkishPresidentKenan Evren met with (See also, Arab-Israeli conflict, Regional
King Husayn at Aqaba. [11/18FBIS] Affairs,Syria)
Nov. 22. Al-Fajrreportedthat Jordanhad banned
political speeches by religiousleaders in the West 1985
Bank. [11/27FBIS] Oct. 17: Netherlandsofficialssaid all Dutch troops
Nov. 23: KingHusaynleft SaudiArabiafollowinga would be withdrawnfrom UNIFIL when the cur-
brief visit. [11/27FBIS] rent mandateexpiredon Oct. 18. [10/18AN]
Nov. 24: Two Jordanians,Husayn al-Bitarand his The UN Security Council voted to extend the
son Muhammad,were assassinatedin Ammanby UNIFIL mandatefor another six months. [10/18
members of the PLO dissident group headed by FBIS].
$abri al-Banna(AbuiNidal), reportedlybecause of The Lebanese National Resistance Force
a financialdispute. [11/29FBIS] claimed responsibilityfor an attack on Voice of
Nov. 25: Four West Bankers were elected to the Hope broadcastingstation. Jerusalemradio said
JordanianParliament, replacing deceased mem- the studios were completely destroyed. [10/18
bers. The new members were: Tahsin Faris of FBIS]
Nablus, Wahid Ja'bari of Hebron, Faruiq Oct. 18: Ten people were killed in two explosions
Hamdallahof Tulkarm,andNicolas 'Aql of Ramal- in West Beirut. [10/21FBIS]
lah. [11/26AN] PresidentAminal-Jumayyilarrivedin Damascus
Nov. 27: The DemocraticFrontfor the Liberation for talks with Syrian President Hafiz al-Asad.
of Palestine accused Jordanof launchinga large- [10/19AN]
scale arrest campaignagainst "democraticforces Oct. 22: Christianmilitialeader Elie Hubayqamet
in general" and the DFLP in particular.[11/27 in Damascus with Vice President 'Abd al-Halim
FBIS] Khaddamand Asad in an effort to complete an
Dec. 30: The Cabinetapproveda draftbill increas-agreementwith Muslimgroupsfor endingthe civil
ing membershipin the House of Deputies to 130 war.
and loweringthe voting age to 19. [12/31AN] Two people were killed as Christiansand Mus-
lims foughtacross the Green Line.
Husayn al-Husayni was re-elected speaker of
parliament.[10/23NYT]
Oct. 24: Voice of Lebanon announced the Pha-
langes organ Al-'Amal had been banned for two
Kuwait weeks by the PhalangesNationalSecurityDepart-
ment for "publishing questionable reports and
(See also, RegionalAffairs,Lebanon) writinginflammatoryarticles." [10/24FBIS]
Oct. 25: Beirut radio reported heavy fighting in
1985 West Beirutin the al-Hamra'area. [10/25FBIS]
Oct. 21: Minister of Labor and Social Affairs Oct. 28: Voice of Lebanon reported that Syrian
Khalid al-Jumay'uinsaid 15,000persons "of vari- forces had stormedTripoli'sold marketarea Oci.
ous nationalities" had been deported following 27 and seized large quantitiesof arms and ammu-
recent bombings.[10/22FBIS] nition. [10/28FBIS]

32i1
 Druze militiamenclashed with Lebanese Army
troops in Sfiq al-Gharb.[10/29NYT]
PresidentJumayyilandformerpresidentCamille
Sham'finsaid they supportedthe peace agreement,
and the Arab Ba'th party announced it would
withdrawits fightersfrom Beirut's Green Line to
show supportfor the plan. [10/29AN]
Israeli radio said the SLA had killed five "ter-
rorists"nearthe Israelisecuritystrip.[10/29FBIS]
Oct. 29: The Lebanese Forces Executive Commit-
tee announcedit would end the ban on Al-'Amal,
but that a new editor-in-chiefhad been appointed:
Saj'anal-Qazzi. [10/30FBIS]
Oct. 30: ThreeSoviet diplomatskidnappeda month
before were released in Beirut by the Islamic
LiberationOrganization.[10/31NYT]
"Reliable sources" in Jerusalemsaid the KGB
had secured the release of the hostagesby castrat-
ing a relativeof a Hizballahleaderand sendinghim
the organs, shooting the relative in the head, and
warningthat other relatives would face the same
fate if the diplomatswere not released. [1/6 JP]
Nov. 3: Three men were killed when a South
Lebanon Army (SLA) patrol fired at the booby-
trappeddonkey they were leading into the Chris-
tian town of 'Aishiya, setting off the explosives.
[11/4JP]
Nov. 4: The NationalResistanceFrontclaimedthat
a three-personsuicide squad, includinga 17-year-
old girl, had detonateda bombin the south, killing
40 Israelis and SLA soldiers. Israeli reports said
only the bombershad died. [11/5 WP]
Nov. 5: Voice of Lebanon reported "violent
clashes" between the PopularNasirite Movement
and Palestiniangunmenin Sidon. [11/6FBIS]
Nov. 6: Israeli radio said the governmentof Nor-
way was planning to withdraw its forces from
UNIFIL because they had been harassedby local
militias. Israeli Defense Minister Rabin said the
Norwegianshadcaused "conflicts"andthathe did
not mind their withdrawal.[11/16FBIS].
Christianand Muslimmilitiamenclashed across
Beirut'sGreenLine as Shi'l, Druze, and Maronite
leaders struggled to agree on the details of the
peace plan. [11/7JP]
Nov. 8: Four of the kidnappedAmericanssent an
open letterto PresidentReaganurgingnegotiations
with their Shi'i captors. [11/9NYT]
Nov. 19: Khaddam said negotiations on the
Damascusaccord had been stymiedby new Chris-
tian demands, [I1/12 FBIS]
Shi'i leader Nabih Birri said the accord was
"final" and blamed the US for new Phalangist
conditions. [11/13FBIS]
Nov. 11: The Soviet Union officiallythankedIran
for helping secure the release of the hostages.
[I 1/12WP]
Nov. 12:At least two soldiersanda civilianwoman
died, and Phalangistleader Elie Karama,Deputy
Edward Hunayn, and Fu'ad al-Bustani, were in-
jured in a suicide bombattackon the Dayr 'Awkar
322
monastary,where Christianleaders were meeting
to discuss their opposition to the Damascus ac-
cord. The Guardsof the Arab Christiansclaimed
responsibilityand accused the Christianleadersof
collaboration with Israel. The Free Christian
Youth organization also claimed responsibility.
[11/13WP]
Hubayqasaid the attack was designed to sabo-
tage the Syrian-sponsoredagreement.[11/13FBIS]
Sham'undefendedsectarianismand said he and
other Christianleaders were determinedto retain
Christianrights. [11/13FBIS]
Nov. 13: Christiansin East Beirutstaged a general
striketo protest the bomb attack. [11/14AN]
AnglicanChurchrepresentativeTerryWaite ar-
rivedin Beirutto beginsecrettalksaimedat freeing
the Americanhostages. [11/14WP]
Nov. 14:Khaddammet witha Phalangesdelegation
to discuss their proposed amendments to the
Damascusaccord. [11/15FBIS]
Nov. 17: Waitereturnedto London, saying "posi-
tive steps" had been taken for the release of the
hostages. [11/18WP]
Nov. 18:PrimeMinisterRashidal-KaramiandBirri
urgedall partiesto sign the accord without delay.
[11/19FBIS]
One of the Frenchhostagesheld in Lebanonwas
reportedto be very ill. [11/19CSM]
Nov. 19: Waite returnedto Beirut, saying he be-
lieved therewas still hopefor the hostages'release.
[11/19 WP]
Sources from the Lebanese Forces rejected the
Birri-Karami"ultimatum"and said they wouldnot
sign any agreementunderpressure. [ 1/20 FBIS]
Nov. 20: Fightingbrokeout in Beirutbetween PSP
militiamenand soldiers of the Lebanese Army's
Sixth Brigade.[11/21FBIS]
Nov. 21: At least 20 militiamendied and 100others
were woundedin fightingbetween Druzeand Shi'a
in Beirut. [11/22AN]
Nov. 21: The WashingtonPost reportedthat inci-
dents of fightingwere increasingbetween Shi'i and
SLA militiamenin the south. [11/21WP]
Nov. 22: Beirut radio reported that the National
Resistance Front had destroyed the SLA's televi-
sion station in the Marfinal-Ra's area, killing 30
and wounding150. [11/25FBIS]
More than a dozen buildingswere set afire in
Beirutas fightingcontinued.SyrianArmy observ-
ers beganjoint patrolswith militiasin an effort to
enforce a ceasefire. [11/23 AN]
Nov. 23: Gun battles between Shi'i and Druze
fightersresumedin Beirut, bringingthe death toll
to at least 55, and the numberof woundedto 255.
[11/24WP]
Nov. 24: PSP leader Walid Junblatand Birri said
they had formed a joint force to clear warring
gunmenfrom the streets of Beirut. [11/25FBIS]
Nov. 25: PSP and Amal sources said the groups
were determined to purge "radical and fanatic
elements"fromtheirranks,and Beirutradiosaid a
numberof officialsfrom the two organizationshad groups could not agree on the length of a transi-
been arrestedin connectionwith the recentfighting tional periodtowardpower-sharing.[12/24AN]
in Beirut. [11/26FBIS] The Organizationof the Oppressedof the Earth
Nov. 26: Beirutradio said the Arab Socialist Ba'th said the group had killed a kidnappedLebanese
partyhad carriedout a suicide attackagainstSLA Jew in retaliation for SLA shelling of Muslim
forces at the Rimat-Jazzincrossing, killing50 sol- villages in the south. [12/24WP]
diers. [11/27FBIS] Dec. 25: The body of Chaim Cohen Halala was
Nov. 27: A 100-manSyrian militaryunit entered identifiedby his parents. He had been shot three
Beirutto help enforce a truce. [11/28NYT] times. [12/26WP]
In a speech to Amal membersin West Beirut, Dec. 28: In Damascus,Birri,Junblatand Hubayqa
Junblat took responsibilityfor the "recent mis- finallysigned the Syrian-sponsoredaccord ending
taken action" and said some "ignorantculprits" Lebanon'scivil war, but oppositionby otherChris-
had withdrawnto the mountains.[11/29FBIS] tian leaders continuedto threatenits chances for
Three Palestinianwomen and a Tunisian man success. [12/29WP]
were executed by firing squad in the 'Ayn al- Dec. 29: Hubayqa'sdeputy, SamirJa'Ja', said he
Hilwah refugee camp near Sidon for complicityin opposed the partof the accord which providedfor
the murdersof four Fath commandosin Septem- Syrian assistance in rebuildingLebanon's army,
ber. [11/28AN] because Lebanoncould do it without Syrianhelp.
Dec. 5: Kuwaitiauthoritiesrefusedan entryvisa to Sham'uinalso said he opposed the accord. [12/30
Waite. [12/6 AN] WP]
Dec. 6: Druze and Shi'i militia leaders agreed to Dec. 30: Jumayyilsaid he was "hopeful" the ac-
surrendercontrol of Beirut to Lebanese authori- cord would bringpeace to Lebanon. [12/31FBIS]
ties. [12/7WP] Dec. 31: One man was killed in an unsuccessftil
Dec. 7: Gunmenheld two FinnishUNIFIL soldiers assassinationattempt apparentlyaimed at As'ad
hostage for eight hours in Beirut in an effort to al-Shaftari,chief negotiatorof the accord for the
secure the release of two accused bank robbers. Lebanese Forces. [12/31FBIS]
[12/8WP] Just after the attack on Shaftari,an ambushon
Dec. 9: Doctors at the AmericanUniversity Hos- the motorcadeof Jumayyiltouchedoff heavy fight-
pitalin Beirutcalled a generalstriketo protestthe ing between Christianfactions in Beirut, in which
kidnappingof two doctors two days before. [12/10 at least threepersonsdied. Jumayyilwas not in his
FBIS] car, but his supporterssaid the attackwas aimedat
Dec. 11: An 850-mansquad of soldiers and police him. [1/1 WP]
beganimplementinga new securityschemein West Hundreds of relatives of missing Lebanese
Beirut that providedfor a joint PSP-Amalpolice blocked crossing points on the Green Line, de-
force to patrolthe capital. [12/12AN] mandinginformationabout them. [1/1 AN]
Dec. 12: Muslimareasof Lebanonwere broughtto The Organizationof the Oppressedsaid it had
a standstill by a strike against gasoline price in- killedthe second of four Jews it had kidnapped,in
creases. [12/13CSM] retaliationfor Israeliand SLA actions. [1/1 NYT]
Dec. 13: Five people died in clashes across Beirut's
Green Line [12/14AN]
Dec. 16: The BritishEmbassyin Beirutsaid it was 1986
seeking help from Lebanese militias to find Jan. 1: Police said they had found the body of a
ChristopherWenner,a television cameramanwho manbelieved to be kidnappedLebaneseJew Isaac
disappearedNov. 29. [12/17WP] Tarrab.[1/2 NYT]
Dec. 18: Christian,Shi'i, and Druze leaders met The Lebanese Forces militia accused Jumayyil
with Syrianofficialsin Damascusin an attemptto of attemptingto kill theirleader, Elie Hubayqa,in
break the stalemate over the Syrian-sponsored the attackon Shaftari.[1/2 NYT]
peace plan. [12/19AN] There were four rocket attacks in 24 hours on
Dec. 20: Waitereturnedto Beirutfor furthernego- SLA positionsinside the Israelisecurityzone. [1/2
tiations. [12/21AN] AN]
Dec. 21: Lebanese authoritiesarrestedthree Leb- Jumayyilflew to Damascusto confer with Asad
anese menthey saidwere Israeliagentsresponsible about the peace pact. [1/3 NYT]
for plantingbombsthat killed 121people, including Jan. 4: Four Frenchmenkidnappedin Beirut lasst
the one on March11 outsidethe homeof Hizballah year were reportedlyin Syrianhands. [1/5 WP]
leader Shaykh Muhammad Husayn Fadlallah. Representativesof the three militiaspartyto the
[12/22 WP] Damascus accord-Amal, the PSP and the Pha-
Dec. 22: Heavy fighting between Christian and langes-met with Khaddamin Damascusas imple-
Muslim militias broke out again in Beirut. [12/23 mentationof the plan was delayed due to militia
AN] disputes. [1/5 AN]
Dec. 23: Birrnsaid only one controversialpoint Supportersof Hubayqadestroyedall new issues
remained in the accord, and sources said the of Al-Massframagazinecontainingarticles critical

32.3
of the accord, highlighting the rift between
Hubayqaand Ja'ja'. In Damascus,Asad met with
Sulayman Franjiya, one of the Christianleaders
who opposed the pact. [1/5 WP]
Jan. 5: Franjiyasaid he now fully supportedthe
accord. [1/6 WP]
Jumayyil met with Sham'un, parliamentary
SpeakerHusaynal-Ilusayni,and MaroniteChurch
administratorIbrahimHili to discuss the accord.
[1/6 AN]
Jan. 8: Sunni leaders makingup the IslamicGath-
ering endorsed the accord, but Maronite clergy
said they fearedits impacton Christians.[1/9 WP]
Jan. 9: Druze and LebaneseArmysoldiersloyal to
Jumayyil fought in the mountains overlooking
Beirut. [1/10 NYT]
A three-way power struggle among Christian
militiamenloyal to Ja'Ja', Hubayqa,and Jumayyil
was reportedto be endangeringthe success of the
accord. [1/10AN]
Jan. 12: Jumayyil,scheduledto meet with Asad in
Damascus the following day, reportedlysaid the
accord contained"aberrations."[1/13AN]
Jan. 13: Heavy fightingraged in Beirut between
rival Christianforces. [1/14 NYT]
Jan. 15: Hubayqa supporters were defeated in
clashes with backers of Ja'ja' and Jumayyil, in
what could be a "fatal blow" to the accord. [1/16
NYT]
Libya
(See also, RegionalAffairs,Algeria,Egypt)
1985
Nov. 3: The WashingtonPost reportedthat Presi-
dent Reaganhad authorizedthe CIA to carryout a
covert operationaimed at "undermining"the re-
gime of Mu'ammaral-Qadhdhafi.[11/3WP]
Nov. 10: Qadhdhefisaid that if the US plan to
destabilize Libya were confirmed,he would take
action "into AmericaandundermineAmericafrom
inside." [11/12FBIS]
Nov. 24: A close aide to Qadhdhifi,HlassanIshkal,
was killed in Tripoli during fighting within the
Libyan leadership, accordingto the Egypt-based
National Front for the Salvationof Libya. [11/26
FBIS]
Nov. 30: Polish leader WojciechJaruzelskiarrived
in Libya for an officialvisit. [12/2FBIS]
Dec. 31: Al-Ahramsaid about2000 Soviet advisers
hadarrivedin Libyain the past few days to operate
Soviet SA5 antiaircraftmissiles. [1/1 WP]
1986
Jan. 7: US officialssaid Soviet-madeSA5 antiair- 1985
craft missiles would be operationalin the next Oct. 19: PresidentZia ul-Haqbeganan officialvisit
weeks. [1/8 WP] to the US. [10/20AN]
324
Jan. 15:Qadhdhafisaid Libyawouldtrain,armand
protect "suicide and terrorist missions" to help
liberatePalestine. [1/16NYT]
Morocco
(See also, Regionalaffairs)
1985
Oct. 16: Le Monde reported that the trial of 28
Muslimfundamentalistsaccusedof subversionhad
begun Oct. 14 in Marrakesh.[10/16LM]
Oct. 22: UAE PresidentShaykhZaydibn SultanAl
Nuhayyanmet with King Hassanduringan official
visit. [10/23FBIS]
Oct. 24: The Marrakeshcourtof appealssentenced
20 fundamentalists,16 in absentia, to life impris-
onment. [10/28FBIS]
Nov. 11: Moroccoformallyceased membershipin
the OAU, accordingto a statementfrom the orga-
nization's general secretariat in Addis Ababa.
[11/13WP]
Nov. 16: Ministerof the InteriorDriss Basri was
appointed minister of information, replacing
AbdellatifFilali, who also holds the posts of min-
ister of foreignaffairsandcooperation.[1/18 FBIS]
Nov. 24: King Hassan said Moroccowould buy 24
Mirage-2000jets from France. [11/27FBIS]
Nov. 27: KingHassanarrivedin Parisfor an official
visit. [11/28NYT]
Nov. 30: The Euro-ArabParliamentaryConference
opened in Rabat. [12/3FBIS]
Oman
(See also, RegionalAffairs)
1985
Nov. 18: PakistaniPresidentZia ul-Haq met with
King H.usaynof Jordanin Muscat, Oman, during
celebrationsmarkingthe 15th anniversaryof the
accession of SultanQabuisbin Sa'id. Also present
were Egyptian President Husni Mubarak,Suda-
nese leader 'Abd al-RahmanSiwaral-Dhahab,and
TurkishpresidentKenan Evren. [11/18FBIS]
Pakistan
(See also, Afghanistan,Egypt, Oman, Qatar,
SaudiArabia,UAE)
 Karachiradio reportedthat 12 people were in-
jured in a bomb explosion undera parkedoil tank
truckin Peshawar.[10/21FBIS]
Oct. 23: At the UN, Zia met with Indian Prime
Minister Rajiv Gandhi and they agreed to begin
talks on improvingbordersecurity. [10/24NYT]
Oct. 24: Four oppositionleaders, GhulamMustafa
Jatoi, KhwajaKhairuddin,FatehyabAll Khan,and
Mushtaq Mirza, were arrested, and others were
bannedfrom Karachito preventthem fromattend-
ing an antigovernmentmeeting. [10/25WP]
Oct. 28: Zia met President Franqois Mitterrand
duringa brief stop in Paris. [10/28FBIS]
Oct. 31: The Senate unanimouslypassed a bill
legitimizingZia's eight years of martiallaw. [11/1
WP]
Nov. 4: Benazir Bhutto was released from house
arrestand flew into exile in Europe. [11/4FBIS]
Nov. 16: TurkishPresidentKenanEvrenleft Paki-
stan at the end of a three-day state visit. [11/18
FBIS]
Nov. 18: Fifty people were arrested in Karachi
during a transit strike called to protest police
charges against a truck driver who crushed a
policemanto death. [11/19FBIS]
Nov. 19:GeneralRahimuddinKhanwas appointed
actingchief martiallaw administrator.[11/20FBIS]
Nov. 30: Seven membersof a family were found
murderedin Karachi,reportedlyby the so-called
"hammer group" held responsible for about 50
similarmurdersthis year. A crowd of more than
100 violently protestedthe murders.[12/1AN]
Dec. 4: The WashingtonPost reportedthat Paki-
stani troops had moved with tanksinto the Khyber
TribalAgency in a crackdownon rebellioustribes
receivingarms from Kabul. [12/4WP]
Dec. 6: Official Afghan sources denounced the
Pakistanimove againstthe tribes and laudedtheir
resistance. [12/6 FBIS]
Dec. 17: After meeting in new Delhi, Zia and
Gandhipledgednot to attackone another'snuclear
installationsand to try to resolve other tensions.
[12/18NYT]
Parliamentpassed a bill revivingbannedpolitical
parties, paving the way for the lifting of martial
law. [12/18AN]
Authorities detained 13 dissidents from the
bannedPakistanPeople's party. [12/19AN]
Dec. 19: At least three people died in Karachiin
riots caused by the harassment of an
Urdu-speaking girl by a Pushtun shopkeeper.
[12/20AN]
Dec. 22: All public meetings were banned in
Lahore. and 31 dissidents planninga rally were
arrested.[12/24AN]
Dec. 25: Riot police used tear gas to disperse
antigovernmentdemonstratorsin Lahore. At least
200 were arrested. Protests were also held in
Karachi and Rawalpindi to demand an end to
martiallaw. [12/26WP]
Dec. 26: Authoritiesordered the release of more
than 260 politicalprisonersarrestedsince Dec. 22
in PunjabProvince. [12/7NYT]
Dec. 29: Zia named civilian governors for
Pakistan'sfour provinces:
Lt. Gen. JahandadKhan:Sind
MakhdoomSajjadHussein Qureshi:Punjab
Abdul GhafoorHoti: NorthwestFrontier
Rtd. Gen. Musa Khan:Baluchistan[12/30AN]
Dec. 29: MohammedHalim was sworn in as new
chiefjustice. [12/31FBIS]
Dec. 30: Zia announcedthe end of martiallaw in a
speech to a joint session of Parliament. [12/30
FBIS]
Dec. 31: In London, Benazir Buhtto called the
lifting of martiallaw "a cunning act of political
camouflage."[1/1 WP]
1986
Jan. 13: IranianPresident'Ali Kham&n'ibegan an
officialvisit to Pakistan.[1/13AN]
Qatar
(See also, RegionalAffairs)
1985
Nov. 6: PakistaniPresidentZia ul-Haq arrivedin
Qatarfor an officialvisit. [ 1/7 FBIS]
Nov. 15: ShaykhKhallfaibn Hamadal-ThanicoIn-
cluded a state visit to GreatBritain.[11/16 AN]
Nov. 21: The amir met with French President
FranqoisMitterrandduringa state visit to France.
[11/22AN]
SaudiArabia
(See also, RegionalAffairs,Iraq, Jordan)
1985
Nov. 24: Zia arrivedfor a brief officialvisit. [ 1/24
AN]
Dec. 30: 'All al-Mashat, director general of
Arabsat, was fired for "financial,administrative,
and technicalmalpractices."[12/31AN]
1986
Jan. 11: Prince $ultan ibn Salman, the first Arab
astronaut, was nominated director general of
Arabsat.[1/12AN]
32.5
South Yemen
(See also, Iran, Yemen)
1985
Oct. 16: Yemeni authoritiesannouncedthat Presi-
dent 'All Nasir Muhammadhad been reelectedfor
a five-yearterm as secretarygeneral of the ruling
Yemeni Socialist party. [10/17AN]
Oct. 17:The YemeniPolitburowas expandedfrom
13 to 16 to include critics of the president'spoli-
cies, including former president 'Abd al-Fattah
Ism&'il.[10/18AN]
Nov. 10: Three people were condemnedto death
and eight to prison terms of from five to 15 years
for espionage. [11/12FBIS]
1986
Jan. 13: Aden radio reportedthat security forces
had foiled a coup attemptagainst'All Nd$irled by
formerpresidentIsm&'iland formervice president
'All Ahmad Na$ir Antar. Both men were said to
advocate a more hard-line,pro-Soviet Marxism.
[1/14NYT]
Jan. 14: Heavy street battles continuedin Aden as
government forces fought rebels. The Yemeni
Army reportedly had split along factional lines.
Communicationlines were cut, and information
was sketchy. [1/15NYT]
Jan. 15: Moscow radio denounced the coup at-
tempt as the work of "counterrevolutionaries."
Aden radio said governmenttroops were in con-
trol, but other sources said bitter fightingcontin-
ued. [1/16 NYT]
Sudan
(See also, Egypt, Oman, UAE)
1985
Oct. 16: Crowdsof people, chantinganti-American
slogans, ralliedin Khartoumto greet PLO Chair-
man Yasir 'Arafat.A plannedmarchin supportof
the Palestiniancause was banned by authorities.
[10/16AN]
Sudanese People's LiberationArmy (SPLA) ra-
dio said rebels shot down a government fighter
planeleadingan offensiveon rebelforces nearBor.
Sudan's news agency (SUNA) said the plane had
"explodeddue to a technicalfailure."[10/17FBIS]
Oct. 19: SPLA leader John Garangannounceda
ceasefire until Nov. 3 and set forth conditionsfor
dialogue,includingthe abolitionof the Transitional
Military Council (TMC) and the abrogation of
Islamic law. [10/21FBIS]
Oct. 22: SudaneseofficialssaidGarang'sforces had
violated their own ceasefirefour times since Oct.
326
19. SPLA sources accused the government of
violating it. [10/23 FBIS]
Oct. 23: Prime Minister al-Jazili Daf'allah said
Garang's ceasefire was an "obstacle" to a peaceful
settlement of the conflict. [10/24 FBIS]
Oct. 24: Daf'allah began an official visit to the UK.
[11/1 FBIS]
Oct. 25: Rebels killed 14 Sudanese soldiers in an
attack on a Nile steamer between Kosti and
Malakal. [10/29 FBIS]
Oct. 26: Former vice president 'Umar al-Tayyib
and four other former state security officers
pleaded not guilty before a state tribunal to charges
of helping smuggle Ethiopian Jews (Falashas) to
Israel. [10/27 NYT]
Oct. 27: Dafallah arrived in West Germany for an
official visit. [11/1 FBIS]
Oct. 28: President Husni Mubarak offered Egyptian
mediation in Sudan's civil war. [10/29 AN]
Oct. 30: Nine members of the Sudanese National
party were arrested in connection with the Septem-
ber coup attempt. [10/30 FBIS]
Oct. 31: SPLA radio announced the formation of an
armed force seeking an independent state in Darfur
and said the SPLA would cooperate with the new
organization. [11/1 FBIS]
Nov. 17: Sudanese gas station attendants returned
to work after a one-day strike. [11/18 AN]
Nov. 21: Police teargassed Nuba tribesmen demon-
strating in Khartoum for the release of Philip
Abbas Ghabbush and others jailed in connection
with the September coup attempt. [11/22 AN]
Nov. 22: The TMC signed into law an election bill
paving the way for the first multiparty elections
since before Ja'far al-Numayri's 1969 coup. [11/23
AN]
Nov. 23: TMC Chairman 'Abd al-Rahman Siwar
al-Dhahab began a three-day visit to Zaire. [11/25
FBIS]
Nov. 24: Over 200 detainees held in connection
with the coup attempt abandoned the hunger strike
they had begun the week before. [11/25 AN]
Nov. 28: Sudanese officials announced the expul-
sion of three refugee resettlement agencies in con-
nection with the transport of Ethiopian Jews to
Israel: The Intergovernmental Committee on Mi-
gration, the Joint Voluntary Agency, and the Inter-
national Catholic Migration Commission. [11/29
AN]
Dec. 3: Sudanese officials announced tough new
measures against illegal strikes following a series of
walkouts by government employees. [12/4 AN]
Dec. 5: 'Abdallah Zakariya, head of the pro-Libyan
Sudanese Revolutionary Committee, reappeared
several weeks after his wife had reported him
kidnapped, saying he had not been abducted but
was being protected against a plot. [12/6 FBIS]
Sudanese troops killed 400 rebels in a clash in
Blue Nile Province, according to Al-Sahafa. (12/9
NYT]
Dec. 7: Baha al-DinMuhammadIdris, a close aide
of deposed presidentNumayri,was foundguiltyof
corruptionand other chargesand sentenced to 10
years in prison. [12/8AN]
Dec. 18: Finance Minister Awad 'Abd al-Majid
resignedwhen the governmentrefusedto endorsea
draftaccordhe had negotiatedwith the IMF. [12/19
CSM]
Dec. 20: Sudanesetroopsbrokea rebel siege of the
town of Na.ir, killingandwoundinga largenumber
of SPLA soldiers. Six governmenttroops report-
edly died. [12/21AN]
Dec. 22: Four membersof the IslamicJihadorga-
nizationwere arrestedin Khartoumfor distributing
leaflets callingfor the "liquidation"of some polit-
ical leaders. [12/23FBIS]
Dec. 23: Former Cabinet member 'Uthman al-
Jasim was arrestedfor setting up a politicalparty
similar to Numayri's Sudanese Socialist Union.
[12/24AN]
Siwar al-Dhahabtestified in the Falasha trial.
[12/26FBIS]
Dec. 29: The TMCannouncedgeneralelectionsfor
April 1. [12/30NYT]
Dec. 30: Attorney General 'Umar 'Abd al-'Ati
announced amendments in the penal code that
would "nullify many violations and defects"
caused by the introductionof Islamic law, but
would still adhere to principlesof Shari'a. [12/31
FBIS]
1986
Jan. 2: Sid AhmadTayfir 'Uthmanwas appointed
financeminister.[1/3 AN]
Jan. 9: Ghabbfishwas released from prison with
five of his associates. [1/10AN]
Jan. 14:SUNA said SPLA rebelshadmassacred83
civilians in the town of Yirol in December. [1/15
NYT]
Syria
(See also, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Regional
Affairs,Cyprus,Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon)
1985
Nov. 10: On the eve of a meeting in Damascus
between top-level officialsfrom Jordanand Syria,
Jordan'sKing Husaynsaid the two countrieswere
"at the beginningof a new era of cooperation."
[11/11 WP]
Husayn also admitted that opponents of the
Syrianregimewere based in Jordan,but said they
could not undermineSyrian-Jordanianrelations.
[11/12FBIS]
Nov. 12: PLO leader Yasir 'Arafatsaid he hoped
the Syrian-Jordanian
talks would "serve the Pales-
tiniancause and Arab solidarity."[11/13FBIS]
Nov. 13: Syrian and Jordanianofficials ruled ouit
separateor directnegotiationswith Israel and said
peace could only be achieved throughjoint Arab
actions and a UN-sponsoredinternationalconfer-
ence. [11/14AN]
Dec. 29: KingHusaynflew to Damascusfor his first
visit to Syria in ten years. [12/30WP]
The JerusalemPost reportedthat Israeliauthor-
ities were "unhappy"over the visit. [12/27JP]
1986
Jan. 11: Syrian and Western diplomats in
Damascussaid remarksby the Reaganadministra-
tion that the US mightimpose sanctions on Syria
could damagedelicatenegotiationsover the fate of
Westernhostagesin Lebanon,in which Syriahada
key role. [1/12NYT]
Tunisia
(See also, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Regional
Affairs)
1985
Oct. 23: Prime Minister MohammadMzali an-
nouncednew Cabinetappointments:
Zine Labidine Ben Ali: Delegate to the prime
ministerin charge of national security
MohammedKraiem:Transport
NoureddineHached:Labor
Hedi Bouricha:Youthand Sports
Ridha Hamza: Social Protection (a new minis-
try)
MohammedEnnaceurwas also appointedchair-
man of the Economic and Social Council. [10/25
FBIS]
Oct. 29: Officialsof the GeneralUnion of Tunisian
Workers (UGTT) said activists from the ruling
Socilaist Destourian party had occupied and
smashedits regionaloffices in Kasserineand other
towns, injuringa numberof unionists. [10/30AN]
Oct. 30: Authoritiesclosed the UGTTheadquarters
in Sfax afterdiscovering"quantitiesof weapons,"
accordingto officialTunis radio. [11/1 FBIS]
Nov. 3: Le Monde reported that in recent days
Tunisianauthoritieshad in effect dismantledthe
structuresof the UGTT, arrestingnumerousmemn-
bers and closing offices aroundthe country. The
syndicatecalled a strikeNov. 1 in Gafsa, and held
demonstrationsin Tunis the same day, to protest
governmentactions. [11/3 LM]
UGTT leaders said the government had ap-
provedthe reopeningof the union's headquarters.
[11/6FBIS]
Nov. 5: A general strike called by the UGTT to
protestthe government'sdecision to set up provi-
sional UGTT committeeshostile to the leadership
327
of Habib Achour, was reportedly widely sup- Nov. 12: President Kenan Evren left Turkey for
ported. [11/7 FBIS] official visits to the UAE, Pakistan, and Jordan.
Nov. 9: Tunis radio reportedthat UGTT officials [11/11 TDN]
had met with Minister of Labor Noureddine Nov. 23: Rahsan Ecevit, wife of former prime
Hached and that "most of the trade unionists minister Bulent Ecevit, was elected leader of the
detainedin the past few days for variousreasons" new Democratic Left party [11/25 AN]
had been released. [11/12FBIS] Dec. 4: Sulayman Demirel said if the US Congress
Nov. 23: In Tunis, oppositionpartiesincludingthe passed a pro-Armenian resolution it would cause
Islamic Tendency movement and the Communist "irreparable damage" to Turco-US relations. [12/5
party held a joint press conferenceto supportthe TDN]
UGTT, and asked the governmentto lift the house Dec. 9: A Turkish officer and three Kurdish rebels
arrestof Achour. [11/23LM] died in a clash in Tuncell Province. [12/8 AN]
Dec. 5: The UGTTissued a communiquereporting Dec. 9: Five West European nations that had
that Achour had been "deposed" and replaced accused Turkey of human rights abuses agreed to
with Sadok Allouche. [12/5FBIS] drop the case after Turkey agreed to speed up its
Dec. 5: President Habib Bourguibaapproved a return to democracy. [12/10 NYT]
draftlaw to widenthe base of politicalparties.[12/9Dec. 11: Ozal said Turkey was already a full
FBIS] democracy. [12/12 TDN]
Dec. 19: At least 26 judges resigned to protest a bill
1986 pending before Parliament that would restrict their
Jan. 1: Achour was sentenced to a year in prison right to work as lawyers after leaving the bench.
for "housebreaking."[1/2 LM] [12/20 AN]
Jan. 4: Three faculties at the Universityof Tunis, A Turkish appeals court hearing the case against
Law, Science, and Engineering,were closed by 17 prominent members of the Turkish Peace Asso-
strikes. [1/5 AN] ciation jailed since 1982 on political charges issued
TwentyUGTTmembersbegana hungerstrikein a delay in the case, citing lack of information.
Tunis to protestthe continuedsuspensionof some [12/23 NYT]
400 workersfor union activities. [1/7 LM] Dec. 22: True Path party Chairman Husamettin
Jan. 6: Achourbegana hungerstriketo protesthis Cindoruk called Ozal "a political no-man" and
prisonconditions. [1/7 AN] charged him with lying to the nation. [12/23 TDN]
Jan. 7: Bourguibarelievedhis son, HabibJr., of his Dec. 23: Six officials of the Turkish Union of
post as special presidentialadviser. [1/9 LM] Physicians went on trial for advocating an end to
Jan. 10: Five studentswere injuredand40 arrested capital punishment. [12/24 TDN]
in a week of universityunrest. [1/11AN] Dec. 25: A military court in Istanbul acquitted ten
persons and sentenced one on charges of helping
Mehmet Ali Agca murder Abdi Ipekqi, editor of the
daily Milliyet, in 1979. [12/26 WP]
Turkey Dec. 31: Turkish officials protested to Iraq over the
interception the day before of a plane carrying a
(See also, Jordan,Oman,Pakistan) delegation to Iran. [1/1 AN]

1985
Oct. 16: Minister of Finance Ahmet Kurtcebe
Alptemogin said Turkey's defense budget would
increase51.8 per cent for FY 1986to TL 1.3 billion.
Prime MinisterTurgutOzal flew to the US to
attendceremoniesmarkingthe UN's 40th anniver-
sary. [10/17TDN]
Oct. 18: Turkish officials announcedthey would
prosecute55 membersof the undergroundKurdish
Worker'sparty. [10/19AN]
Oct. 25: Nine Turkish soldiers were killed by
Kurdish separatists in Hekkari Province. [10/29
LM]
Oct. 30: US and Turkish officials began talks in
Ankara on exchanging more US aid and export
opportunitiesfor allowingUS militarybases in the
country. [10/30TDN]
Nov. 2: ArabNews said the Populistpartyplanned
to mergewith the Social Democracyparty,to form
the Social DemocraticPopulistparty. [11/3AN]
1986
Jan. 2: A border patrol shot to death four Iranians
trying to cross illegally into Turkey. [1/3 NYT]
The Iraqi news agency denied that Iraq had
intercepted the flight. [1/3 AN]
Jan. 3: Ozal flew to Iran for an official visit. [1/3
TDN]
United Arab Emirates
(See also, Regional Affairs, Iran, Morocco)
1985
Nov. 15: Abu Dhabi radio announced the UAE and
the USSR would establish diplomatic relations.
[ 11/15FBIS]

328
Nov. 7: PakistaniPresidentZia ul-Haq arrivedin Hasan MuhammadMakki:Deputyprime minis-
Abu Dhabi for a brief officialvisit. [11/8FBIS] ter
Dec. 2: Sudanese leader 'Abd al-RahmanSiwar 'Abdallah 'Ali al-Mahanni: Oil and Mineral
al-Dhahabarrivedin Abu Dhabifor an officialvisit.
Wealth
[12/3AN] 'AbdallahHusayn Barakat:Interior
Husayn 'Abdallah al-'Amri: Agriculture and
1986 Fisheries
Jan. 4: The UAE and Benin announcedthe estab- MuhsinMuhammadal-'Alufi:Social and Labor
lishmentof diplomaticrelations. [1/5 AN] Affairs
Muhammad'Abdallahal-Ja'ifi:Education [12/5
FBIS]
Yemen Nov. 21: Jordan'sKing Ijusayn arrivedin Sana'a
(See also, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Regional for an officialvisit. [11/22FBIS]
Affairs) Dec. 24: PDRY Chairman'Ali Nasir Mubammad
arrivedin Sana'afor an officialvisit. [12/26FBIS]
1985 Dec. 25: The Foreign Ministry announced that
Nov. 14: The Cabinet was reshuffled, and the Nepal and the YAR would establish diplomatic
followingministerswere appointed: relations.[12/26FBIS]

William B. Quandt
"Bill Quandt has written a splendid book .... He
U
tells the intriguling story of Cam) David and the
Micidle East peace negotiations with the skill of a
master storyteller andi the insight of canoutstacln-
ing scholar." -Cyrus Vance
"The most aUthoritative] alCCOLInt oft a macijor
historic event, writte n with scruLpulous s holair-
ship by a key behind-the-scenes participant."
-Zbigniew Brzezinski
... an excellent piece of work " Hermann
Frederick Eilts, U.S. Ambassador to Egypt, 1973-79
. .. an admirable model of contemporary
historical writing. .-Samuel W. Lewis, U.S.
Ambassador to Israel, 1977-85 1775 Massachusetts Avenue, N W.
Washington, D C. 20036
March 1986/426 pp./$12.95 paper/$32.95 cloth (202) 797-6258

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