GENERAL PHYSICS 1 PRELIMS REVIEWER

A.Y. 2019-2020 (First Semester)

by 12STEM-14 Core Group
Tawatao, Villavicencio, Bungay, Vineles, Galang

VECTOR QUANTITIES ADDITION

→
OF VECTORS
• has magnitude and direction • R = resultant vector
→
• denoted by a letter and an arrow above it (i.e. A)
• Scale – ratio of drawing size to real size

Graphing a Vector

parallelogram method head-to-tail method

Mathematical Method
1. Sketch the graph
2. Get the components
3. Add the components →
4. Get the magnitude of the resultant vector R using
using Pythagorean theorem
5. Get the direction θ using trigonometric function
tan-1

Unit Vectors y
• vectors with magnitude 1
ĵ
→ vector
A î x
Â= → magnitude of vector k̂
|A|
z

Components
→
of a Vector
• Ax = Acosθ
→
• Ay = Asinθ →
• Component Form: A = Axî + Ayĵ
 GENERAL PHYSICS 1 PRELIMS REVIEWER
A.Y. 2019-2020 (First Semester)
by 12STEM-14 Core Group
Tawatao, Villavicencio, Bungay, Vineles, Galang

y
3D VECTORS
• 0˚ < θ < 360˚ ĵ
• 0˚ < Ф < 180˚ Ф
θ
î x
k̂

Polar Coordinate System z

→
• A = r, θ, Ф (where r is the magnitude)

Cartesian Coordinate System

→
• A = î, ĵ, k̂

Vector→Product
→ → →
/ Cross Product
• A × B = |A| |B| sinθ

→ →
MULTIPLICATION OF VECTORS A = Axî + Ayĵ + Azk̂ B = Bxî + Byĵ + Bzk̂
→ →
A × B = (AyBz – AzBy)î + (AzBx – AxBz)ĵ + (AxBy – AyBx)k̂
Scalar→Product
→ → →
/ Dot Product
• A • B = |A| |B| cosθ (where
→
θ is the angle
→
difference between A and B) Using Matrix
• cover what component you want to find
Examples: • subtract diagonal products
→
• A = 30 m, 30˚
→
• B = 20 m, 0˚
→
• C = 50 m, 135˚
→ →
A • B = (30 m) (20 m) cos30˚ = 519.62 m2
→ →
B • C = (20 m) (50 m) cos135˚ = -707.11 m2
→ →
A • C = (30 m) (50 m) cos105˚ = -388.23 m2

→ →
A = Axî + Ayĵ + Azk̂ B = Bxî + Byĵ + Bzk̂
→ →
A • B = AxBx + AyBy + AzBz

Examples:
→
• A = 2mî + 5mĵ + 3mk̂
→
• B = -5mî + 2mĵ + 5mk̂
→
• C = 3mî + 5mĵ - 2mk̂
 GENERAL PHYSICS 1 PRELIMS REVIEWER
A.Y. 2019-2020 (First Semester)
by 12STEM-14 Core Group
Tawatao, Villavicencio, Bungay, Vineles, Galang

MOTION
• change of position with respect to a reference
point

Displacement
• change of position regardless the different
directions travelled
• Δx = x1 – x0

Velocity – vector quantity of speed

x

rise x1 – x0 Δx
m= = = = Vave
x1 run t1 – t0 Δt
xo
t
to t1

Average Velocity
• slope from initial x and t to the final x and t
Instantaneous Velocity
• specific velocity at a given instance f(t) 𝑑
𝑑𝑡
(f(t))
Δx dx tn tn
Vx = Δtlim
→0 Δt
= ctn ctn
dt

Acceleration – rate of change of speed

Average Acceleration
Δx
aave =
Δt

Instantaneous Acceleration
Δv dv
ax = Δtlim
→0 Δt
=
dt

Constant Acceleration
• speeding up
• v→a→
• v←a←
• slowing down
• v→a←
• v←a→

Kinematics (Constant Acceleration) Formulas:

 GENERAL PHYSICS 1 PRELIMS REVIEWER
A.Y. 2019-2020 (First Semester)
by 12STEM-14 Core Group
Tawatao, Villavicencio, Bungay, Vineles, Galang

FREE FALL
• constant acceleration at vertical axis, y
• affected only by gravity
• negligible air resistance
• acceleration due to gravity, g = -9.8 m/s2
• utilizes kinematics formula but uses y instead of x

y
3D MOTION
r = used to denote 3D position ĵ →
→ r
ro = roxî + royĵ + rozk̂ î x
→ k̂
r1 = r1xî + r1yĵ + r1zk̂
→
Δr = r1 - ro z

→ →
Δr dr Δv dv
Vaver = Vr = aaver = ar =
Δt dt Δt dt
 GENERAL PHYSICS 1 PRELIMS REVIEWER
A.Y. 2019-2020 (First Semester)
by 12STEM-14 Core Group
Tawatao, Villavicencio, Bungay, Vineles, Galang

PROJECTILE MOTION CIRCULAR MOTION

• affected only by gravity
• negligible air resistance Uniform Circular Motion
• trajectory/path : parabola • constant speed
• path: circle
• Velocity is tangent to the path.
• Radial Acceleration is perpendicular to velocity
and is always toward the center
• Period is the time it takes an object to move a
complete circular motion

v2
arad =
r

d 2𝜋r
v= =
t t

4𝜋2r
arad =
t2

Non-uniform Circular Motion

• varying speed
• path: circle
• Tangential Acceleration justifies the change of
speed

Δv
atan =
Δt
 GENERAL PHYSICS 1 PRELIMS REVIEWER
A.Y. 2019-2020 (First Semester)
by 12STEM-14 Core Group
Tawatao, Villavicencio, Bungay, Vineles, Galang

FORCE COMMON FORCES

• push or pull
• a vector quantity (has magnitude and direction) Applied Force (Fa)
• unit: Newton (N) = kg m/s2 • force exerted by a person

Weight (W)
Newton’s Laws of Motion • force due to the pull of gravity
• product of an object’s mass and the acceleration due
to gravity on Earth (W = mg)
Law of Inertia
• An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in Normal Force (n)
motion with a constant velocity will remain in motion, • force perpendicular to the surface where an object is
unless a net external force acts upon it. placed
• it cancels out g

Law of Acceleration Friction (f)

• The acceleration of an object as produced by a net • force opposite to the direction of motion, and
force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the parallel to the surface
net force, in the same direction as the net force, and • depends on the material of the surfaces in contact
and inversely proportional to the mass of the • µ = coefficient of friction
object. • Static Fraction – object moves starting from rest
• ΣF = ma • Kinetic Fraction – object is already moving
• fs = µsn
• fk = µkn
Law of Interaction
• For every reaction, there is an equal and opposite
Tension (T)
reaction.
• force due to a string (or the likes) attached to an
object
A • direction is always toward the string
B FA = - FB

FREE-BODY DIAGRAM
• illustration of all forces acting on an object
• the object being observed is represented by a dot
FUNDAMENTAL FORCES

Gravity ex. a still table

mm G = constant n
Fg = G r1 2 2 r = distance between two objects
W

Electromagnetic Force
• force that acts between two objects as well, but is
stronger than gravitational force ex. a falling pen

Strong Nuclear Force W

• force that binds neutrons and protons in the nucleus
of an atom

ex. pushing a coffee on

Weak Nuclear Force top of a table
• force responsible for radioactive decay n
f Fa

W
 GENERAL PHYSICS 1 PRELIMS REVIEWER
A.Y. 2019-2020 (First Semester)
by 12STEM-14 Core Group
Tawatao, Villavicencio, Bungay, Vineles, Galang

ΣF = ma
summation of all forces how the object moves
based on free-body diagram m = constant
vi - vo
ΣF = F1 + F2 + F3 + ... a at varying speeds: a= t
v2
a at changing directions: a = r

a at constant velocity: a = 0

SOLVING FOR THE CRITICAL ANGLE

• The critical angle is the angle required for an object to slide down an inclined plane.

SAMPLE PROBLEMS
 GENERAL PHYSICS 1 PRELIMS REVIEWER
A.Y. 2019-2020 (First Semester)
by 12STEM-14 Core Group
Tawatao, Villavicencio, Bungay, Vineles, Galang
 GENERAL PHYSICS 1 PRELIMS REVIEWER
A.Y. 2019-2020 (First Semester)
by 12STEM-14 Core Group
Tawatao, Villavicencio, Bungay, Vineles, Galang

- END OF COVERAGE -
GOOD LUCK STEMASINOS!