Maharashtra State Board

8th Standard Science

Unit 1

Living World and

Classification of
Microbes

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 Need for Classification

No of species on the earth

2011 Data (in your textbook) - 87 Million

New Research Shows

1 trillion
1,000,000,000,000

No of humans on the earth

7,800,000,000

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 How do we classify?

8th Standard

Division A Division B Division C Division D

Marathi Semi-English Hindi Optional Sanskrit Optional

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 We classify based on similarities and differences!

For example
Plants

Cryptogams Phanerogams

This process of classifying living organisms into groups and subgroups, based on
similarities and differences is called as Biological Classification.
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 Why do we study?

Transfer through
DNA
documentation

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References and Sources

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canis

Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin; Wade, Claire M.;

Mikkelsen, Tarjei S.; Karlsson, Elinor K.; Jaffe, David B.; Kamal, Michael; et
al. (2005)

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 Classification of Living Organisms

Carl Linnaeus Robert Whittaker

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 Whittaker Classification

Criteria for Classification

1. Complexity of Cell Structure

Nucleus and Mitochondria!

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 Whittaker Classification Criteria
2. Complexity of Organisms

Unicellular : Single Celled Multi-cellular : More than one cells

How does the complexity increase?

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 Whittaker Classification Criteria
3. Mode of Nutrition

Plants Fungi Animals

Autotrophic -Saprophytes Ingestive

Can prepare own food - Feed on dead organisms Heterotrophs
absorbing nutrients

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 Whittaker Classification Criteria
4. Life Style

Plants Fungi Animals

Decomposers
Producers Consumers
Natural Cleaners

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 Whittaker Classification Criteria
5. Phylogenetic Relationship

Principle idea
Plants or animals of different species descended from common ancestors

Earlier surface similarites were taken into account!

Today, phylogenetic Relatopnship does not take into account physical similarites
and differences!
It talks about DNA-genetic information now a days!

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Whittaker Classification Criteria
5. Phylogenetic Relationship

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Summary!

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