giorgi fareSiSvili

"qarTul-somxuri saeklesio ganxeTqileba"

Tbilisi,
2007 weli
 Sinaarsi

Sesavali.......................................................................................................................1

wminda nino da mociquli eliSa........................................................2

Teoria qarTuli eklesiis mier

saqarTvelos kuTxeTa "gaqarTvelebis" Sesaxeb.................8

somxuri eklesiis istoria,

monoTelitoba da xatmebrZoloba
a.kartaSevis mixedviT..................................................................................9

"ganyofa marTlmadideblobisagan
erovnuli motivebis gamo"_ a.kartaSevis mixedviT.......10

VI msoflio kreba............................................................................................13

somxuri eklesia monoTelitobis dros..................................13

somxuri eklesia VIII_X saukuneebSi...........................................13

somexTa pretenziebi.....................................................................................14

pretenziebi dRes.............................................................................................15

samarTlebrivi darRvevebi.....................................................................17

daskvna........................................................................................................................19

Annotation.........................................................................................21

gamoyenebuli literatura....................................................................22

1
 qarTul-somxuri saeklesio ganxeTqileba

Sesavali

ganxeTqileba somxur da qarTul eklesiebs Soris saukuneTa
siRrmidan iwyeba da yovelTvis did aqtualobas iZenda es sakiTxi.
erTiani religiuri platforma qarTulma da somxurma eklesiebma
pirvelad dvinis saeklesio krebaze (506 wels) aRiares. krebam, rogorc
cnobilia mxari dauWira bizantiis keisarTa diofizit-monifizitTa
Semrigeblur politikas. garkveuli drois Semdeg bizantiam mxari
dauWira qalkedonitobas, xolo iranma _ monofizitobas. am dros da
am viTarebaSi qarTvelebs da somxebs cxadia, unda gaerkviaT TavianTi
politikuri orientacia da religiuri mrwamsi.
uTanxmoeba oficialurad VI saukunidan daiwyo, roca somxurma
eklesiam iranis uzenaesoba aRiara da monifizitobas dauWira mxari,
xolo qarTlis samefoSi diofizitoba aRiares.
VI saukuneSi qarTlis eklesias saTaveSi Caudga warmoSobiT
qarTveli kaTalikosi kirion I. man daiwyo didi erovnul-religiuri
programis ganxorcieleba, rac Cvenda gasakvirad, miznad isaxavda
mTeli mosaxleobis gaqarTvelebas da aqedan gamomdinare, qarTuli
eklesiis poziciebis ganmtkicebas.
604-609 wlebSi qarTlis da somxeTis eklesiebis meTaurTa Soris
gacxovelebuli mimowera mimdinareobda religiur sakiTxebze, magram
SeTanxmebas ver miaRwies. somxurma eklesiam urTierToba gawyvita
qarTul eklesiasTan. VIII saukunis 20-ian wlebSi sabolood gaformda
2 ideologiuri banaki _ monofizitebis (somxebi) da qalkedonituri
(qarTli).
VII saukunis damdegs kavkasiaSi momxdari saeklesio
ganxeTqilebis Sesaxeb arsebul mravalricxovan wyaroebs Soris
yvelaze sando da obieqturi wyaroa `epistoleTa wigni~, igi
oficialuri dokumentebis krebulia, romelmac Cvenamde moaRwia
mTliani saxiT 1298 wliT daTariRebuli xelnaweriT, romlis teqsti
1901 wels daibeWda TbilisSi. es xelnaweri 3 nawilisagan Sedgeba,

2
romelTagan CvenTvis sainteresoa xelnaweris me-3 nawili. igi asaxavs
VII saukuneSi qarTvelTa da somexTa Soris momxdar saeklesio
ganxeTqilebas, Sedgeba 25 epistolesagan, romlebic daiwera 605-610
wlebSi. misi erT-erTi ZiriTadi avtori aris qarTlis episkoposi
kirion I.
ase daiwyo ganxeTqileba somxur da qarTul eklesiebs Soris,
romlis finali iyo somxuri eklesiis mier qarTul eklesiasTan
yovelgvari kavSiris gawyveta.
VIII saukunidan moyolebuli, mTeli saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi,
qarTuli eklesia da qristianuli religia somexTa mier yovelTvis
idevneboda. saocaria, magram WeSmaritebaa, rom dampyroblebis mier
dapyrobil saqarTveloSi qarTveli iZulebuli xdeboda uareyo
qristianoba da mihkedleboda da eRiarebina araqarTuli religia.
veravin ver ifiqrebs da bevrs zRaprad moeCveneba saukuneebis siRrmeSi
gamovlenil wyaroebSi daculi da Semonaxuli uamravi faqti, romelic
mware simarTles RaRadeben. dResac bevr rames iTxovs somxeTis
eklesia saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisagan, rac
samarTlebrivad swori namdvilad araa.
mivyveT faqtebs da ganvixiloT dokumenturad TiToeuli maTgani,
ris safuZvelzec somxeTis samociqulo eklesia gamoTqvams
pretenziebs. somxeTis eklesiis survili saqarTvelos eklesia
daqvemdebareboda somxeTs, jer kidev IV saukunidan (wm. ninos mosvla)
iwyeba. somxebi TavianT Sexedulebebs ayalibebdnen sxvadasxva faqtebze
da Tavisda sasikeTod xsnidnen ama Tu im movlenas.

wminda nino da mociquli eliSa


albaneTis avtokefaluri eklesia miiCnevda da gansakuTrebiT
usvamda xazs, rom albaneTis eklesia daaarsa mociqulma eliSam
pirvel an meore saukuneSi, eliSam kurTxeva uflis Zmis iakobisagan
miiRo1,2 amitomac albanuri eklesia samociquloa da misi kaTalikosi
(patriarqi) samociqulo taxtze ziso _ aseTi iyo albaneTis eklesiis
umTavresi ideologia misi avtokefaliis arsebobisas. albaneTis

1 movses kalankatuaci _ alvanTa qveynis istoria, 1985 w., gv. 121-123.

2

3
eklesias es damoukideblobis dacvaSi exmareboda, magram aseTi
mtkiceba mxolod VII saukunis bolomde gagrZelda.
daaxloebiT 699 wels albaneTis qalkedoniti kaTalikosis
dasasjelad albaneTSi arabTa jariT Cavida somxeTis kaTalikosi. is
sikvdiliT sjis albaneTis kaTalikoss qalkedonituri mrwamsiis gamo.
arabTa jariT daSinebuli albaneTis saeklesio kreba somxeTis
eklesias aRuTqvams samudamo morCilebas. amiT dasrulda albaneTis
eklesiis isedac meryevi avtokefalia. albaneTis eklesia somxeTis
eklesiis nawilad iqca.
avtokefaliis dakargvas Tan mohyva albaneTis eklesiaSi
saukuneTa manZilze arsebuli ideologiis _ mociqul eliSas Sesaxeb _
gadmocemis Secvlac. albaneTis ganmanaTlebel mociqul eliSas
Sesaxeb gadmocemis axal saxes TviT somxeTis kaTalikosi ayalibebs.
somxeTis kaTalikosis versia aseTia: marTalia, albaneTis
eklesia daafuZna mociqulma eliSam, magram eliSa iyo Tadeoz
mociqulis mowafe. es aris sruliad axali formula. Tadeoz
mociquli somxuri eklesiis damaarseblad iyo aRiarebuli.
imis gamo, rom mociquli Tadeozi somxeTis eklesiis
damaarsebeli iyo, xolo albaneTis eklesiis damfuZnebeli mociqulis
eliSa, Tadeozis mowafe, amitomac albaneTis eklesia iseve unda
damorCileboda somxur eklesias, rogorc Tadeozs emorCileboda misi
mowafe eliSa.
movses kalankatuaci am ambis aRweris Semdeg aRarafers ambobs
eliSa mociqulisa da iakob mociqulis ierusalimuri kavSiris Sesaxeb.
VII saukunidan dadginda, rom eliSa, upirveles yovlisa, mowafea
Tadeozisa. ierusalimi somxeTiT Seicvala.
msgavsi ambavi ganmeorda wmida ninos mimarTac. faqtia, rom
wminda ninos moixsenieben IV-VI saukunisa (qarTuli da ucxouri) da IX-
X saukuneTa qarTuli wyaroebi. VI-VII saukuneebSi qarTuli wyaroebi
TiTqmis eridebian an mcired ixsenieben wminda ninos.
berZen–laTini istorikosebi, TiTqmis Tanamedroveni wminda
ninosi, sul 50-100 wlis daSorebulni misgan, dawvrilebiT aRweren
wminda ninos moRvaweobas, magram arasdros axseneben mas wminda
grigolTan, somxeTis ganmanaTlebelTan, kavSirSi, aseve IV-V saukunis
wminda ninos qarTuli cxovreba ninos ar uwodebs wminda grigolis

4
mowafes. wminda nino iyo qarTlis damoukidebeli ganmanaTlebeli,
mosuli ierusalimidan. aseTi iyo sazogado azri IV da V saukunis I
naxevrisa.
V saukunidanve somxur eklesiaSi mkvidrdeba Tvalsazrisi, rom
wminda nino wminda grigolis mowafe iyo da man grigolis davalebiT
gaanaTla qarTli.
am ideam Tavisi praqtikuli ganxorcieleba hpova VI saukunis
Semdeg. VI saukuneSi, sparsTagan qarTlis dapyrobam da aq somxuri
eklesiis gavlenis zrdam saSualeba misca somxur eklesias, Tavis
sasargeblod gamoeyenebina am ori wmindanis kavSiris Teoria iseve,
rogorc mociqul eliSasa da mociqul Tadeozis kavSiri.
Tu somxuri eklesiis ganmanaTlebeli, wminda grigoli, iyo
maswavlebeli da xelmZRvaneli qarTuli eklesiis ganmanaTlebel
wminda ninosi, somxur eklesias garkveuli zedamxedvelobis uflebac
eqneboda qarTul eklesiaze.
am TeoriiT qarTuli eklesia somxurs eqvemdebareboda, am
mizezis gamo VI-VII saukuneebSi qarTvelebi (qalkedonitebi)
eridebodnen wminda ninos xsenebas. Tu aucilebeli iyo, isev wminda
grigols axsenebdnen, radganac wminda nino qarTul-somxuri
eklesiebis damakavSirebeli gamodioda ise, rogorc eliSa _ somxur-
albanuri eklesiebisa VII saukunis bolos.
mas Semdeg, rac qarTulma eklesiam VIII saukunis dasawyisSi, 726
wels mowveuli somxuri eklesiis krebis Semdeg sabolood, srulebiT
da absoluturad gawyvita kavSiri somxur eklesiasTan, wminda ninom
qarTul eklesiaSi daiWira Tavisi kuTvnili adgili.
v. gurgeniZe simon janaSiaze dayrdnobiT werda, rom VI-VII
saukuneebSi sparselTa nebiT qarTul werilobiT wyaroebSi moispo
anda srulebiT gadakeTda istoriuli faqtebi. am dros sruliad
SesaZlebeli iyo wminda ninos Sesaxeb arsebuli istoriuli faqtebis
damaxinjeba.
`saqarTveloSi sparseTis ideologiuri politika miznad isaxavda
`somxeTis religiaze~ _ monofizitobaze dayrdnobiT, qarTvel xalxSi
moespo Zveli marTlmadidebluri (diofizituri) sarwmunoeba da iq

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macxovreblebi TandaTanobiT gadaeyvana TavianT mxareze~3. aseTi
mdgomareoba iyo VI saukuneSi.
VII saukunis dasawyisSi ki `sparselebma ise, rogorc 506 wels q.
dvinSi Catarebul saeklesio krebaze, kvlav ufro mkacrad daakanones
Tavis gamgeblobaSi Semaval yvela xalxisaTvis erTiani ideologia _
somxuri (monofizituri) religia. maTi mtkicebiT es erTiani religia
yvelgan ganavrco sparselebis naTesavma ganmanaTlebelma grigorim. am
aucilebeli idologis miRebis mizniT, yvelgan, maT Soris qarTlSic,
`ganwmendil iqna~ da axali masalebiT Seivso qarTvelTa, albanelTa
da somexTa saistorio mwerloba. swored amitom, rogorc
samarTlianad miuTiTebda s. janaSia, werilobiT wyaroebSi
Seubraleblad mospes an Zireulad gadaakeTes sxvadasxva istoriuli
faqtebi, maTTvis misaRebi enebidan – somxuridan da asurulidan
xelaxla aTargmnines berZnulidan gadmoTargmnili wignebi, `Seudares”,
`Seaswores”, zogi ram ki axlad daawerines. yvelaze samwuxarod s.
janaSias miaCnia is faqti, rom am `gasufTavebis” dros, faqtobrivad,
`ganadgurda” Zveli qarTuli saistorio mwerloba da `qarTlis
moqcevis”, `juanSeris” da sxva matianeebSi am mwerlobidan
SemorCenilia mxolod damaxinjebuli fragmentebi”4. ai, saidan iRebs
saTaves iranofiluri da somxofiluri tendenciebi rogorc qarTul,
ise somxur istoriul wyaroebSi. `...rom daepirispirebina
erTmaneTisaTvis somxeTi da saqarTvelo, sparseTi droebiT
dapyrobil, Tu romael-bizantielTagan xelSekrulebiT `miRebul”
saqarTvelos teritoriebs calke administraciul qarTul erTeulebad
ki ar acxadebda, aramed miawerda mas mis mier dapyrobil somxeTs,
romlebic TavianT mxriv Tvlidnen, rogorc somxur teritoriebs da
yvelafers akeTebdnen aq mcxovrebi qarTvelebis asimilaciisaTvis...“5
am dros mimdinareobda gugarqis, mesxeTisa da hereTis
qarTvelebis asimilacia. qarTuli da berZnuli enebi idevneboda
RvTismsaxurebidan, eklesiebidan da inergeboda somxurenovneba.
swored aseT dros SeiZleboda qarTuli ena miCneuliyo `mdabal da
dawunebul enad”.

3 e. gurgeniZe, kirion I, `saRvTismetyvelo krebuli~, 1984, # 2, gv. 114.

4 s. janaSia _ feodaluri revolucia saqarTveloSi, 1935 w., gv. 107-112.
5 iqve, gv. 114-115.

6
 swored am devnis gamo Cven, faqtobrivad, ara gvaqvs VII saukuneSi
Seqmnili arc erTi qarTuli nawarmoebi (zogierTi gamonaklisis,
polemikuri Txzulebis garda). maSin, roca VIII saukunidan Cndeba
qarTuli Txzulebebi.
726 wels manaskertis krebaze somxurma eklesiam, sabolood da
gadaWriT, erTaderT swor sarwmunoebad aRiara monofizitoba da
uaryo rogorc monoTelitoba, ise qalkedonitoba, dagmo kavSiri
bizantiur eklesiasTan (da herakle keisris Semdeg arsebuli `unia~).
qarTulma eklesiam, rogorc qalkedonitizmis erTgulma damcvelma,
amis Semdeg yovelgvari kavSiri gawyvita somxurTan.
VII6 saukunidan, eklesiuri viTarebis Secvlis Semdeg ganedviT
weren: `adide Sen qriste, qarTli... ninois ganaxlebuli~, `netarman nino
moaqcivna qarTvelni~, wmindao nino `iqmen Sen qarTlis mqadagebelad~,
`nino mowafeo Crdiloisa soflisao, Sen xar moZRuar qarTlisa~. nino
aris `moZRuari msgavs mociqulTa... sanatreli mociquli~, wers ninos II
himnografi (IX-X); `ninom qarTvelni warudginna qristesa~; `movediT
...hoi mkidrno qarTlisano yovelTasa vaqebdeT RmerTs~, rameTu ninois
mier kerpTa sacdurisagan gvixsna~. `ninos III himnografi~ saqarTvelosa
CrdiloeTs uwodebs mociquli barTlomes nawils, sadac Rirs iqmna
`moqcevad warmarTTa~ _ `mi-rai-xued Rirso nino sazRvrad qarTlisa...
mociqulebr hqadage~.
VIII saukunis Semdeg wminda ninom daiWira Tavisi Rirseuli
adgili, ise rogorc asurelma mamebma.
rac Seexeba asurel mamebs, isini monofizitebi rom yofiliyvnen,
VIII saukunis Semdeg, roca qarTul eklesiaSi nadgurdeboda
yvelaferi, rac ki monofizitobis saxelTan iyo dakavSirebuli,
asurel mamebsac aravin moixseniebda da maT saxelsac srulebiT
aRxocavdnen literaturidan, magram piriqiT, swored VIII saukunis
Semdeg maTi saxeli xSirad ixsenieba.
saqarTveloSi asureli mamebis SemosvlisTanave qarTulma
eklesiam, arseni safarelis Tanaxmad, dvinis 551 wlis krebis Semdeg
polemika daiwyo somxur eklesiasTan, rasac maleve, 570-580-ian wlebSi,
mohyva qarTlis antimonofizituri ajanyeba. am ajanyebas didi
warmateba hqonda _ qveyana qalkedonitobisaken gadaixara. savaraudoa,

6 episkoposi anania jafariZe, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t 2

7
rom ajanyebis sulis Camdgmelni asureli mamebi iyvnen. monofizitobis
momxre sparseT-arabTa batonobisas da agreTve bizantiasTan somxuri
eklesiis `uniis~ dros somxur eklesias gavlena da zemoqmedeba hqonda
qarTulze da amitom VI-VII saukuneebSi asureli mamebis Rvawli
warmoCenili ar iyo, xolo VIII saukunis Semdeg qarTuli eklesiis
gaTavisuflebam asureli mamebi ixsna yovelgvari zegavlenisagan.
VIII saukuneSi qarTuli eklesia `umecari~ iyo imiT, rom srulad
ar icoda aTormetTa mamaTa Rvawli, VI-VII saukuneebSi qarTul
eklesiaze monofizitebisa da monoTelitebis batonobis dros, cxadia,
isini Seecdebodnen mieCqmalaT qalkedonizmisaTvis mebrZol asurel
mamaTa Rvawli, aekrZalaT maTi xseneba. amitomac VIII-IX saukuneebis
avtorebi saeklesio pirebs acnoben asurel mamaTa Rvawls da
mouwodeben: `nu umecar xarT~, `SeiswaveTo~. marTlac, VI-VII
saukuneebSi qalkedonituri aRmsareblobisa da qarTuli eklesiis
TavisTavadobisaTvis brZolis gamo asureli mamebis damsaxureba
miCqmaluli iqneboda.
unda iTqvas, rom CvenSi ratomRac Seurcxyofad miiReba qarTul
eklesiaze monofizitTa zegavlenis Sesaxeb saubaric ki. amitomac
aseTTaTvis cnobili unda iqnas, rom saukuneTa manZilze, maT Soris V,
VI da VII saukuneSic ki, monofizitoba bizantiis imperiasa da mis
dedaqalaq konstantinopolSi TiTqmis iseve iyo miRebuli, rogorc
qalkedonitoba. bizantiaSi am saukuneebSi monofizitTa da
qalkedonitTa Soris daucxromeli brZola da dapirispireba iyo.
aRsaniSnavia, rom am brZolaSi arc monofizitebi damarcxebulan da
arc qalkedonitebs gaumarjviaT. amitomac imperiis damSvidebis mizniT,
bizantiis imperatorebi iZulebulni gaxdnen V saukunis bolos
wasuliyvnen kompromisze da gamoecaT `henitikoni~, romelic
erTmaneTTan aTanxmebda monifizitebsa da qalkedonitebs. ase rom,
aRiarebdnen orive sarwmunoebriv mimarTulebas. TviT imperatori
iustiniane erT periodSi monofizitobisken ixreboda da mas uWerda
mxars. monofizitTa siZlieris gamo VII saukunis dasawyisisaTvis
imperatorma heraklem monofizitTa da diofizitTa Tanaarsebobis
Teoriac ki moifiqra. Camoyalibda `monoTelitoba~, romelmac saukunis
bolomde iarseba. mxolod 681 wlis msoflio krebis Semdeg bizantiis
imperiaSi sabolood damarcxdnen monofizitebi da monoTelitebi,

8
gaimarjva qalkedonitobam. amas gadmogvcems cnobili istorikosi
kartaSevi Tavis wignSi `msoflio krebebi~. marTalia, bizantiaSi
Tanaarsebobdnen monofizitebi da qalkedonitebi da xandaxan
eklesiisa da saxelmwifos marTvis sadaveebi xelT epyraT, magram
mainc, cxadia, bizantia erTguli iyo, zogadi TvalsazrisiT,
qalkedonis krebis anu diofizitobisa.
aRniSnulis gamo, CvenSi arsebuli mtkiceba, rom arasodes, maT
Soris arc VI da arc VII saukuneebSi, Cvens eklesiaze gavlena ar
hqonia monofizitobasa da monoTelitobas, rom saqarTveloSi ar
cxovrobdnen qarTveli monofizitebi da monoTelitebi, seriozulad
ar unda CaiTvalos. CvenSi, ise rogorc bizantiaSi, Tanaarsebobdnen
monofizitebi da qalkedonitebi, magram maT sxvadasxva mrwamsi
hqondaT. amis gamo isini mudam ebrZodnen erTmaneTs. mxolod VIII
saukunis Semdeg saqarTveloSi damarcxdnen monofizitebi da
monoTelitebi, rasac xeli iman Seuwyo, rom msgavsi ambavi ufro adre,
meeqvse (681 wlis) msoflio krebis Semdeg daiwyo bizantiaSi. am krebis
sapasuxod 726 wels somxeTSi mowveulma krebam dagmo qalkedonitoba
da miiRo monofizitoba. qarTulma eklesiam isargebla amiT da
sabolood miemxro qalkedonitobas. VIII saukunis Semdeg qarTul
eklesiaSi daiwyo qalkedonitobis zeimi da monofizitobis damarcxeba.
VIII saukunis Semdeg Tavisi Rirseuli adgili daiWires wminda
ninom da wina saukuneebSi moRvawe qarTvelma qalkedonitma wmindanebma.

Teoria `qarTuli eklesiis mier saqarTvelos

kuTxeTa `gaqarTvelebis~ Sesaxeb

VIII-X saukuneebi qarTuli eklesiis istoriaSi mniSvnelovani
yofila imiT, rom am dros Turme mimdinareobda qalkedonuri
sarwmunoebis mqone somxebis gaqarTveleba. gaqarTvelebula somexTa
didi raodenoba, imdenad didi, rom amas uzarmazari danaklisi miucia
somexi xalxisaTvis da am procesis Sedegad somxeTs daukargavs
erovnuli teritoriebis nawili. saqarTvelo ki gamdidrebula miwebiT,
romelzedac mosaxle gaqarTvelebuli somxebi saqarTvelos

9
kulturul cxovrebaSi brwyinavdnen TavianTi umaRlesi xarisxis
mwarmoeblurobis Sedegad (n. mari).
qarTuli eklesia uSualo kavSirSi aRmoCenila somxeTis am
tragediasTan, radganac gaqarTvelebulan qalkedoniti somxebi,
qarTuli eklesia ki sazogadod am mimarTulebisaa. ufro metic,
qarTuli eklesia Turme iWreboda somxeTis miwa-wyalze da somexi
samRvdeloebis namoRvaw da namuSakev adgilebze qarTul eklesia-
monastrebs awesebda (i. abulaZe).
mainc somxeTis romel teritoriebzea saubari, sad iyo im
somxebis miwa-wyali, romlebic kargavdnen erovnebas da
qarTveldebodnen?
zogierTi mecnieris azriT, mesxeTi (tao, klarjeTi) da saerTod,
saqarTvelos samxreTi nawili istoriuli somxeTia, romelic
saqarTvelos SemouerTda aq mosaxle `somxebis gaqarTvelebis~
Sedegad, garda amisa, qvemo qarTlic somxeTis nawili yofila,
romelic aseve `gaqarTvelebula~.
ufro metic, maTi azriT, X saukunemde `araqarTuli~ qveynebi
yofilan hereTi da dasavleT saqarTveloc. mesxeTis msgavsad X
saukuneSi hereTi gaqalkedonebula, xolo amave droisaTvis dasavleT
saqarTveloSi qarTulenovani wirva-locvis SemoRebis Sedegad es
mxarec gaqarTvelebula.

somxuri eklesiis istoria, monoTelitoba da

xatmebrZoloba masTan kavSirSi a. kartaSevis mixedviT

a. kartaSevis wignSi `msoflio krebebi~ (parizi, 1963, rus. enaze)
gadmocemulia mizezebi, romlis gamoc somxuri eklesia Camoscilda
msoflio sayovelTao (kaTolike) eklesias.
am avtoris azriT, somxuri eklesia msoflio eklesias ganSorda
ara sarwmunoebrivi, aramed erovnuli motivis gamo: rom berZenTa
imperiaSi mcxovrebi patara erebi, imisaTvis rom aecilebinaT did erSi
asimilacia, iRebdnen ara centrSi aRiarebul, aramed gansxvavebul
sarwmunoebas.

10
 imperiis patara erebma _ koptebma, asirielebma, somxebma da
sxvebma miiRes monofizitoba da sxva sarwmunoebrivi mimarTulebebi
gaberZnebisa da `garomaelebis~ Tavidan asacileblad. Cans, amasTan
erTad sxva mizezebic arsebobda.
qveTavi `ganyofa marTlmadideblobisagan erovnuli motivis
gamo~, ganixilavs, patara erebis eklesiebTan erTad, somxuri eklesiis
ganyofas msoflio eklesiisagan.
qalkedonis krebis droisaTvis (451 w.), roca mezobelma imperiebma
gansakuTrebiT moindomes somexTa asimilacia, somexi xalxi TiTqmis
aTaswlovani istoriuli warsulis mqone eri iyo, erovnuli
mobilizeba misTvis Zneli ar iyo. amitomac mezobeli saxelmwifoebis
mxridan mravali cdis miuxedavad, maT ver SeZles somxebis verc
gasparseleba da verc `garomaeleba~ anu gaberZneba, rac imiT
moxerxda, rom somxebma ar miiRes sparselTa sarwmunoeba _
cecxlTayvanismcemloba, xolo qristianobaSi is mimdinareoba miiRes,
romelic gansxvavdeboda konstantinopolis sarwmunoebisagan. ra Tqma
unda, sarwmunoebis arCevaze laparaki Znelia, magram kartaSevisa da
sxvaTa dakvirvebis Tanaxmad, bizantiis imperiaSi mcxovreb patara
erebs swored is sarwmunoebrivi mimarTuleba miaCndaT swor, WeSmarit
da erTaderT marTal sarwmunoebad, romelic gansxvavebuli iyo
konstantinopolSi aRiarebulisagan.

“ganyofa marTlmadideblobisagan erovnuli

motivebis gamo” _ a. kartaSevis mixedviT

kamaTma qalkedonis krebaze moamzada saeklesio ganyofa
somxebisa. Aam SemTxvevaSi saqme exeboda im teritoriebs, romelnic
bizantiis imperiaSi Sediodnen (bizantiasa da sparseTs somxeTis
miwa_wyali gayofili hqondaT). Bbizantiis imperatorTa mxridan ufro
yuradRebian politikas ucxo eris mimarT SeeZlo Seenelebina es
ganyofa.
somxeTs uxdeboda politikurad or orientaciaze TamaSi_
bizantiurze da sparsulze. Msomxebi momentis Sesabamisad an erT an
meore Zlier mezobels unda mimxrobodnen.

11
 somxuri eklesia izrdeboda da Zlierdeboda. Aam eklesias 397
wlidan 448 wlamde marTavda grigoris STamomavali sahaki, (igive
isaaki) reformatori somxuri eklesiisa da mTargmneli wminda
werilisa somxur enaze. Aam dros berZnebi flobdnen somxeTis erT
naxevars, sparselebi ki meore naxevars. isaaki berZnebs ise uyurebda,
rogorc erovnul mtrebs, mas ar undoda kurTxeuliyo kesaria
kabadokiaSi, da roca mcire azia kanonikurad daeqvemdebara
konstantinopolis patriarqs, (e.i. 451 wels), somxebma
konstantinopolsac zurgi Seaqcies ise, rogorc kesaria - kabadokias.
400 wels wminda ioane oqropirma somxeTSi gagzavna
konstantinopolis krebis dadgenileba qristeSobisa da RvTis
gancxadebis cal_calke dResaswaulis Sesaxeb _ romauli wesis
Tanaxmad. isaakma arc ki upasuxa. somxeTis eklesia darCa Zvel Cvevaze
dRemde. sparselebi mtrulad eqceodnen berZnul kulturas somxeTSi
da anadgurebdnen somxebisTvis gaxsnil berZnul skolebs. Aam dros
somxebs wirva_locva da RvTismsaxureba hqondaT ara somxur, aramed
berZnul enaze, somxuri anbanis ararsebobis gamo.
sparsuli orientaciis dros somxebma gadawyvites
gaTavisuflebuliyvnen berZnuli gavlenisagan saeklesio sferoSi.
amaSi mdgomareobda paTosi didi nacionaluri reformisa somxur
eklesiaSi isaak didis dros _ somxuri anbanis gamogoneba da wminda
werilis Targmna, aqamde ki inerciiT sruldeboda berZnulad.
kesaria-kabadokiis mitropolitebi somxebs mwvaleblebad
miiCnevdnen eklesiuri damoukideblobisaTvis.
III msoflio krebaze, sCans somxebs ar gaugzavnes miwveva da
efesoSi somxuri eklesiidan aravin iyo. 435 wels somxurma eklesiam
dagmo nestorianoba da amiT berZnebTan erTad wavidnen win. amis
Sedegad somxurma eklesiam aRiara da miiRo samive msoflio kreba (I, II,
III). am droisaTvis somxeTi mTlianad sparsTa qveS iyo.
491 wels somxeTis krebam qalaq vaRarSapatSi miiRo henotikoni
zenonisa da Tanabrad dagmo nestoric da evtixic. uaryo agreTve
qalkedonis kreba, romelmac TiTqosda daamtkica `ori saxe~. 491 wlis
vaRarSapatis dadgenileba ase JRers: `Cven, somxebi da berZnebi,
qarTvelebi da albanelebi, romlebic vaRiarebT erT WeSmarit
sarwmunoebas, gadmocemuls wminda mamebis mier sam msoflio krebaze,

12
uarvyofT iseT RvTissagmob sityvas (ese igi, rom qristeSi ori
gansxvavebuli saxea), erTsulovnad gadavcemT yovelives msgavss
anaTemas~.
`kreba gaxda istoriuli ganmyofi berZnul marTlmadideblobasa
da somxur grigorianobas Soris. droebiT ganSorda berZnul
marTlmadideblobas qarTuli eklesia. vaRarSapatis krebaze
monawileoba miiRo mezobelma kaTalikosebma saqarTvelosa da
albaneTisa~ wers kartaSevi. magram am krebis dokumenti xazgasmiT
aRniSnavs, rom im dros qarTvelebsa da berZnebs erTiani sarwmunoeba
hqondaT, sxva xalxebsac aseve. `527 wlis dvinis axalma krebam kidev
ufro gaaRrmava gansxvaveba-ganyofa berZnul marTlmadideblobasa da
somxur grigorianul aRmsareblobas Soris. krebam moiTxova
eRiarebinaT qristes erTi buneba(!). imisaTvis, rom es erTbunebianoba
ufro kargad warmoeCinaT daadgines erT dRes edResaswaulaT Soba da
RvTisgancxadeba 6 ianvars. dadginda, rom evqaristiis (ziarebis)
saidumlo SeesrulebinaT aufuebeli puriT da mxolod wyalgaureveli
RviniT. aqve `samwmindaos~ galobas Tan daurTes monofizituri sityva
damateba: `romelic CvenTvis jvars ecvi~. am dros aekrZalaT somxebs
ierusalimSi gamgzavreba da berZnebTan urTierToba~.
im mizezis gamo, rom konstantinepolis imperiam srulad aRadgina
qalkedonitoba, somxebma sparsTa gavleniT Tavis sarwmunoebad
antikonstantinopoluri sarwmunoeba _ monofizitoba miiRes 527 wels.
TiTqosda `qalkedonis krebis paralelurad (451 wels) dvinis
krebam (igulisxmeba 527 weli) somex kaTalikosebs mianiWa patriarqis
tituli, radganac qalkedonis krebaze patriarqebi uwodes romael,
konstantinopolel, aleqsandriel, antioqiel da ierusalimel
mRvdelmTavrebs~7.

VI msoflio kreba

VI msoflio krebam dagmo monoTelitoba (681 weli). `monoTelitoba-
monoenergizmi, VII saukuneSi aRmosavleTis qristianul eklesiaSi

7 a. kartaSevi, 1963 w. parizi, gv. 568-572.

13
gabatonebuli moZRvrebaa. monoTelitobis mixedviT qristeSi ori
bunebaa mocemuli, magram misi neba da qmedeba erTia _ RmerTkacuri. am
dogmaturi formulis mizani iyo diofizitebisa da monofizitebis
gaerTianeba orive mimdinareobisaTvis garkveuli daTmobiT da
bizantiis imperiisaTvis aRmosavleTis monofizituri provinciebis
Semomtkiceba. 638 wels gamoqveynda sarwmunoebis gardamocema
`romliTac aikrZala kamaTi qristes qmedebaTa Sesaxeb~. xolo ZalaSi
darCa dogmati qristes erTi nebis Sesaxeb. savaraudoa, rom VII
saukuneSi kavkasiis eklesiebis oficaluri mrwamsi monoTelituri iyo.
681 wels monoTelitoba VI msoflio saeklesio krebam mwvaleblobad
gamoacxada, dawyevla da yvela monoTelituri Txzuleba dawva~8.

somxuri eklesia monoTelitobis dros


663 wels somxeTi moeqca arabTa Zalauflebis qveS da daiwyo
Tavisi gancalkevebuli saeklesio cxovreba. maT yuradReba ar miaqcies
trulis krebis im kanonebs, romelic sagangebod somxuri Cveulebebis
sawinaaRmdegod iyo mimarTuli. maSin Saedgines sagangebo aqti,
romelSic uaryofdnen marTlmadideblobas da aRiarebdnen
monofizitobas (707 weli). yvelam xeli moawera da somxuri
monofizituri eklesia aRdga9.

somxuri eklesia VIII-X saukuneebSi


707 wels xalifas gulis mosagebad somxurma eklesiam kavSiri
gawyvita berZnul eklesiasTan da gaagrZela Tavisi erovnul-
monofizituri cxovreba. kaTalikosma ioane oZunelma moiwvia kreba
siriel iakobitebTan erTad manaskertSi da anaTemas gadasca
eretikosebi (e.i. marTlmadideblebi), aikrZala berZnuli Cvevebis
darCenili saeklesio naSTebi. aikrZala afuebuli puri(!), aikrZala
didmarxvis dReebSi Tevzis, Rvinisa da zeTis gamoyeneba. male somxuri
eklesia mivida Tavis xatmebrZoleobamde. xatebi im dros somxebs ar
hqondaT, magram Tayvans scemdnen jvrebsa da nawilebs.

8 qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia, gv. 98. 1984 w. t.7.

9 a. kartaSevi, 1963 w. parizi, gv. 670-674.

14
 zemoT moyvanilidan naTlad Cans, rom V-X saukuneebSi somxuri
eklesia iyo mZlavri organizacia, romelic Tavis gavlenis sferoSi
moicavda istoriuli somxeTis gareT myof teritoriebsac (albaneTs
VII-X saukuneebSi da qvemo qarTls IX-X saukuneebSi). TviT somxur
eklesias angariSs uwevdnen bizantiis imperiaSi. sparseTis SahebisaTvis
somxuri eklesia srulebiT misaRebi iyo da aseve arabebic
aZlierebdnen somxur eklesias. amitomac amgvar situaciaSi gacilebiT
ufro SesaZlebeli iyo qarTvelebs mieRoT imperiebis mier
pativcemuli somxuri sarwmunoeba da gadaqceuliyvnen somxuri
eklesiis samwysod, vidre is, rom somxebs mieRoT qalkedonitoba da
amis gamo isini "gaqarTvelebuliyvnen". miT umetes rom TviT somxur
eklesiaSi qalkedonituri frTa Zlieri iyo IX-X saukuneebSic ki.

somexTa pretenziebi

"sazogadod somxuri eklesiis didi pretenziebi
mecnierebisaTvis kargadaa cnobili. marTalia somxuri eklesiis
mesveurTa miswrafebebs, ierarqiulad somxurisadmi daeqvemdebarebinaT
qarTuli eklesiac, praqtikulad TiTqmis araviTari Sedegi ar
mohyolia, magram Sexla-Semoxla saukuneebis manZilze grZeldeboda da
dResac grZeldeba. drodadro qarTul_somxuri eklesiebis
urTierToba metismetad mwvavdeboda. qarTlis mimarT somxuri
eklesiis pretenziebis '"dasasabuTeblad" somxur garemoSi araerTi
legenda warmoiqmna....
somxuri eklesiebis didi petenziebi adridanve dasturdeba mas
Semdeg, rac VII s-is damdegs qarTul-somxur eklesiebs Soris
ganxeTqileba moxda, qarTuli eklesia TandaTan mWidrod daukavSirda
bizantias, berZnul eklesias, xolo somxuri eklesia kvlavindeburad
da kidev ufro mkveTrad dapirispirebuli aRmoCnda bizantiis
eklesiasTan.
Sida da qvemo qarTlisaTvis brZolisas qarTvel xelisufalTa da
somex mefeebs Soris cxadia qarTuli eklesia qarTvel xelisufalTa
mxares iyo, radgan somexi mefeebis gabatonebas qarTlSi Sedegad
mohyveboda qarTuli eklesiis an ganadgureba an somxurisadmi

15
daqvemdebareba. qvemo qarTlSi somex mefeTa gabatonebis Semdeg
adgilobrivi mkvidri qarTveli mosaxleoba somxuri eklesiis mrevlad
iqca."10

samarTlebrivi darRvevebi

cxadia qarTuli eklesia, rogorc mTliani erTeuli, yovelTvis
damoukidebeli da avtokefaluri iyo somxuri eklesiisagan. qarTlis
eklesia erTguli darCa "didi sjuliskanonisa", am nomokanonisa
romelic dRemde ucvlelia da Secvlas an gadakeTebas saeklesio
samarTlis mixedviT arasdros ar saWiroebs. igi dRemde ar Secvlila
da sanam marTlmadidebloba iarsebebs arc Seicvleba. es aris is
dogmebi da wesebi, romlebic wminda mamebma daadgines 85 saeklesio
kanonis saxiT pirvel msoflio saeklesio krebaze qalaq nikeaSi 325
wels da am krebis dadgenilebiTve misi Secvla aranairad ar SeiZleba.
xolo Tu vinme gabedavs da Secvlis igi eklesiisgan unda SeCvenebul
iqnes. qarTulma eklesiam gansxvavebiT somxurisagan saeklesio
samarTlis kanonebi ar daarRvia, darCa misi erTguli dRemde da
ucdomelaTve agrZelebs mis dacvas. ai ras weren wminda mamebi
saukuneebis win somxuri eklesiis Sesaxeb. rogor daarRvies maT is
saeklesio kanonebi, romlis darRvevac rogorc AaRvniSne, arasdros
SeiZleba. amonaridebi saeklesio samarTlis Zeglebidan:

konstantinopolis samefo gumbaTian palataSi Cveni keTilmsaxuri da

qristes moyvare mefis iustinianes zeobaSi Sekrebili wminda mamebis
krebis kanonebi:

kanoni 32. "Cven yuramde moaRwia im ambavma, rom somexTa soflebSi

sauflo trapezze msxverplad Seswiraven mxolod Rvinos wyliT
ganuzavebels, ioane oqropiri aswavlida Rvinis ganzavebas wyliT
usisxlo msxverplSewirvis dros riTac jvarcmuli macxovris
gverdidan gadmosuli sisxlisa da wylis mdinareTa Sezavebas
warmoaCenda. amieridan romeli episkoposi an mRvdelic ar Seasrulebs
mocemul wess ganikveTos, rogorc saidumlos arasworad
aRmsrulebeli!"

10 al.abdalaZe,amierkavkasiis politikur erTeulTa urTierToba,1988w. gv. 11. iqve, gv. 75

16
kanoni 81. - gavigeT isic, rom zogan samwmindaos galobas umateben:
"romelic jvars ecvi CvenTvis, Segviwyale Cven" Cven davamtkiceT Cveni
wminda mamebis imTaviTve dakanonebuli da SevaCvenebT maT romlebic
zemoTxsenebul sityvebs daumateben.

didi sjuliskanoni: kanoni 49 - Tu vinme episkoposma an mRvdelma

naTel sces ara uflis ganwesebis Sesabamisad mamisa da Zisa da
suliwmindis mimarT, aramed an sami dausabamos an sami Zis an sami
nugeSinismcemlis mimarT - ganikveTos!

nikita monazonis gansaqiqebeli somexTa wvalebis mimarT _ ase

mTavrdeba _ "da vityvi erTsa arsebasa romeli ars bunebai, ara vityvi
erTsa guamsa raiTa ara sabelianoz viqmne, aramed samTa gvamTa da
samTa pirTa erTisa RmrTeebisa da erTisa arsebisa da bunebisaTa
vadideb, da netar ars romeli amas sarwmunoebasa zeda damtkicebul
ars da ucvalebelad aRiarebs.

swored aqedan gamomdinare SeiZleba CavTvaloT, rom is

ganxeTqileba, romelic moxda am or uZveles eklesias Soris,
gamowveuli somexi mxarisagan unda iyos xsenebuli sxvadasxva mizezis
gamo. am saeklesio kanonebis darRvevis gamo mouxda somxur eklesias
daetovebina erTiani religiuri platforma.

pretenziebi dRes

somxuri eklesia yovelTvis gamoxatavda ararsebuli somxuri
saxelmwifoebriobis ideas. somxuri saxelmwifoebriobis ideas somxuri
saxelmwifos magier yovelTvis eklesia ayenebda. maT pretenzia
hqondaT TurqeTisa da saqarTvelos teritoriaze, Tumca 1915 wlis
genocidis Semdeg maT TurqeTze xeli aiRes da pretenziebi marto
saqarTvelosRa wamouyenes, miuxedavad imisa, rom maT amis
samarTlebrivi aranairi ufleba ar aqvT. somxebi axerxebdnen
qarTvelTa asimilacias qarTvelTa gasomxebiT. rodesac qarTuli
eklesia idevneboda somxeTis eklesiis centri Tbilisi iyo 2 somxuri
akademiiTa da seminariiT.
1950-1990 ian wlebSi daiwyo faruli migraciuli procesebi
kaTalikos vazgenis mier, somxebis saqarTvelos SavizRvispireTSi
CasaxlebiT. misi gardacvalebis Semdgomac kaTalikos gareginis
drosac anu dResac ar wydeba imis mtkiceba rom TiTqos qarTul
eklesias mitacebuli aqvs 650 somxuri eklesia rac udidesi absurdia,
aseve somxeTis eklesia moiTxovs iseTive konstituciuri SeTanxmebis

17
dadebas saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da maT Soris, rogoric es
arsebobs qarTul marTlmadideblur eklesiasTan, esec ra Tqma unda
SeuZlebelia, radgan maTi saeklesio centri eCmiaZinSi mdebareobs,
qarTuli ki saqarTveloSi.
aramarto dogmaturi, aramed saxelmwifo da samarTlebrivi
TvalsazrisiTac, isini amofarebulni arian demokratiisa da
tolerantobis niRabs aramarto CvenTan, aramed TavianT qveyanaSic.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia yovelTvis Tavis Rirseul
sityvas ambobda msoflio qristianuli samyaros winaSe da sxebisagan
gansxvavebiT politikuri situaciidan gamomdinare arasdros icvlida
religiur mrwamss. qarTuli eklesia da misi Rirseuli winamZRvari
dResac aseve uryevad da erTgulebiT ganagrZnoben im saeklesio
samarTlis wesebis dacvas, romlebic wminda mamebma 15 saukunis winaT
dagvitoves saxelmZRvanelod.

daskvna

somxurma eklesiam daarRvia yvela is kanoni rac
qristianobis mTavar maxasiaTeblad iTvleboda da moindoma
TviTmyofadis, sruliad gansxvavebulisa da maTi azriT swori
mimdinareobis Seqmna. maTi pretenziebi ZiriTadad safuZvels
moklebuli da araeTikuria (mag. rodesac 2005 wels moskovSi gaimarTa
msoflio religiaTa sabWos samiti, sadac sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqic monawileobda, somxebma damswre sazogadoebas
da msoflio eklesiaTa meTaurebs warudgines absurduli filmi imis
Sesaxeb, TiTqosda rogor devnis amJamindeli eklesia da misi meTauri
somxebs da sxva religiebs, rac rasakvirvelia aranair simarTles ar
Seesabameba.)
2007 wlis ivlisSi, piradad me mqonda Sexvedra erevanSi somxeTis
eklesiis istorikosTan, profesor joni kirakosianTan,A sadac mTeli
Sexvedris ganmavlobaSi, romelic 1:30 gagrZelda, saubari iyo somxeTis
eklesiaze da mis dRevandel mdgomareobaze. Cems SekiTxvaze, Tu ra

18
azris iyo qarTul-somxur konfliqtTan dakaviSirebiT, man mipasuxa,
rom saqarTvelos yavs uZlieresi patriarqi, romlis winaaRmdeg wasvla
Zalian rTulia. igi adanaSaulebs somexTa eCmiaZinis partiarq garegin
II pirovnul sisusteSi. miaCnia, rom gareginma unda gamoiCinos Zliereba
da qarTul eklesias mosTxovos maTi azriT somxuri eklesia_
monastrebis aRiareba maT iurisdiqciaSi. rogorc somxurma mxarem
aRniSna, es taZrebi ar WirdebaT RvTismsaxurebisTvis, maT undaT
mxolod moxdes imis aRiareba, rom esa Tu is taZari aris istoriulad
somxuri eklesiis sakuTreba.
mravali faqti gvarwmunebs imaSi, rom somxeTis eklesiis moTxovnebi
arasamarTlebrivia. es aris mxolod maTi ambicia miiTvison mezobeli
qveynis eklesiis qoneba da saxeli. imedia Seiqmneba erToblivi komisia
kompetenturi pirebis SemadgenlobiT orive mxridan, romelic
gamoikvlevs am sadavo sakiTxebs da erTxel da samudamod Sewydeba
provokaciuli qmedebebis ganxorcieleba saqarTvelos eklesiis
misamarTiT somxuri mxridan.

19
"Schism between Georgian and Armenian Churches and its
legal aspects"
(Annotation)

Giorgi Pareshishvili

Schism between Georgian and Armenian Churches attracts interests of experts especially in
its legislative aspects.
The issues connected with dogmatics of faith has always been legally acknowledged and
recognized at the ecumenical council assemblies and represented in corresponding documents.
However, political process generally always had its impact on church canons. For instance,
Georgian Church unconditionally accepted dogmatic issues adopted by the ecumenical council
assembly in Chalcedony, but the Georgian church was forced to compromise in 506. The
Penoticon adopted by the Dvin Church Council in 506 reflects the effects of the conflict between
Iran and Byzantine Empire in Caucasus.
Disputes between Georgian and Armenian churches in the VII century is of paramount
importance from the political and legal point of view as well.

20
 gamoyenebuli literatura:

1. episkoposi anania jafariZe, - "saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria"

t.II

2. movses kalankatuaci _ "alvanTa qveynis istoria" 1985w.

3. a.abdalaZe, - "amierkavkasiis politikur erTeulTa urTierToba IX-XI

saukuneebSi" 1988w.

4. "qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia", t.8. 1984w.

5. "qarTlis cxovreba", t. I, 1955 w.

6. bondo arvelaZe, "somxuri Tu qarTuli eklesiebi saqarTveloSi?!" Tb.1996w.

7. mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe, "qarTl-kaxeTi qarTvelTa gasomxeba" 1999

w. saq. sap. manglis_walkis eparqia

8. episkoposi aleqsandre, "marTlmadidebluri katexizmo" saq.sap.

gamomcemloba, 2004 w.

9. "msoflio saeklesio krebebi, dogmaturi RmrTismetyveleba" ssg. 2004 w.

10. "didiEsjuliskanoni" 2004 w.

11. А.КАРТАШЕВ, "Вселенские Соборъi". Париж, 1963 г.

gamoyenebuli veb.saitebis misamarTebi:

www.patriarchat.ge
www.orthodoxy.iatp.ge
www.religion.com.ge
www.armenianhistory.info
www.armenica.org.
www.gorn.ucoz.ru
www.armenia.ge

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