Level 2: New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) S3 Question Bank 3B Chapter 10 Applications in Trigonometry

New Century Mathematics (Second Edition)
S3 Question Bank
3B Chapter 10 Applications in Trigonometry
Level 2
<code=10177178>
<bk=3B><ch=10><ex=10A><type=L2><mark=4><title=10177178><content>
Jason and Sandy ski down along the inclined paths AB and CD respectively. When Jason skis
350 m, he falls 150 m vertically. When Sandy skis a horizontal distance of 400 m, she falls
180 m vertically. Which inclined path is steeper, AB or CD? Explain your answer.
(4 marks)
Solution:
Let  be the inclination of AB.
150 m
sin  = 1M
350 m
 = 25.38, cor. to the nearest 0.01
Let  be the inclination of CD.
180 m
tan  = 1M
400 m
 = 24.23, cor. to the nearest 0.01
∵ 25.38 > 24.23
i.e. Inclination of AB > inclination of CD 1M
∴ The inclined path AB is steeper. 1A
<end>
<code=10177204>
David runs up along an inclined road with gradient 1 : 8. His running speed is 3 m/s.
(a) Find the inclination of the road.
(b) If David wants to rise 100 m vertically, how many minutes will he take?
(Give the answers correct to 3 significant figures.)
(5 marks)
Solution:
(a) Let  be the inclination of the road.
1
tan  = 1M
8
 = 7.13, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 7.125 0
∴ The inclination of the road is 7.13. 1A
(b) Suppose when David rises 100 m vertically, he runs up x m along the inclined road.
© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.29

100 m
sin 7.125 0 = 1M
xm
100
x=
sin 7.125 0
 100 
The required time taken =   3 s 1M
 sin 7.125 0 
= 268.7425… s
= 4.48 min, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 1A
<end>
<code=10177211>
C
138 m
A B
120 m D
In the figure, both straight footpaths AC and BC can reach the pavilion at C. It is given that the
2
gradient of AC is and ADB is a horizontal line.
3
(a) Find the vertical distance between A and C.
(b) Which footpath is less steep, AC or BC? Explain your answer.
(6 marks)
Solution:
CD
(a) Gradient of AC = 1M
AD
2 CD
=
3 120 m
CD = 80 m
∴ The vertical distance between A and C is 80 m. 1A
(b) In △BCD,
BD2 + CD2 = BC2 1M
BD = BC 2  CD 2
= 1382  80 2 m
= 12 644 m
CD
Gradient of BC =
BD
80 m
= 1M
12 644 m
= 0.711…
2
Gradient of AC =
3
2
∵ < 0.711…
3

i.e. Gradient of AC < gradient of BC 1M
∴ The footpath AC is less steep. 1A
Alternative
Let  be the inclination of BC.
CD
sin  = 1M
138 m
80 m
sin  =
138 m
 = 35.43, cor. to the nearest 0.01
Let  be the inclination of AC.
2
tan  = 1M
3
 = 33.69, cor. to the nearest 0.01
∵ 33.69 < 35.43
i.e. Inclination of AC < inclination of BC 1M
∴ The footpath AC is less steep. 1A
<end>
<code=10177221>
B C
B C
G H
A D
M N
The figure shows the cross-section of a stage in a concert. The inclination of the inclined plane AB
is 40 and the gradient of the inclined plane CD is 0.4. The distance between B and C is 12 m.
Now, BC is rebuilt to BC and the distance between B and C is 8 m. Assume that ABB and DCC
are straight lines. Find the vertical distance between BC and BC, correct to the nearest 0.01 m.
(5 marks)
Solution:
According to the question, BGB = CHC = 90 and GH = BC = 8 m. 1A
Let BG = x m. Then CH = x m.
In △BBG,
B' G
gradient of BB = 1M
BG
xm
tan 40 = 1M
BG
x
BG = m
tan 40
In △CCH,

C' H
gradient of CC =
HC
C' H
0.4 =
BC  BG  GH
x
0.4 = x 1M
12  8
tan 40
x
0.4 = x
4
tan 40
0.4 x
1. 6  =x
tan 40
1.6 tan 40  0.4x = x tan 40
x(tan 40 + 0.4) = 1.6 tan 40
1.6 tan 40
x=
tan 40  0.4
= 1.08, cor. to the nearest 0.01
∴ The vertical distance between BC and BC is 1.08 m. 1A
<end>
<code=10177250>
C
80 m
B 90 m
A
D
In the figure, a bus travels 90 m up along an uphill road AB with gradient 1 : 6, and then travels
80 m up along another uphill road BC with gradient 1 : 2. What is the vertical distance travelled by
the bus in the whole journey?
(Give the answer correct to 3 significant figures.)
(6 marks)
Solution:
C
80 m
 B 90 m
M
 A
D N
With the notations in the figure, construct BM  CD and BN  DA. 1M

Let  and  be the inclinations of AB and BC respectively.
In △ABN,
1
tan  = 1M
6

 = 9.462 3, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
BN
sin 9.462 3 = 1M
90 m
BN = 90 sin 9.462 3 m
In △BCM,
1
tan  = 1M
2
 = 26.565, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
CM
sin 26.565 =
80 m
CM = 80 sin 26.565 m
Vertical distance travelled by the bus in the whole journey
= BN + CM
= (90 sin 9.462 3 + 80 sin 26.565) m 1M
= 50.6 m, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 1A
<end>
<code=10177251>
C
100 m
B
100 m
A 128 m D horizontal ground

The figure shows two straight cables AB and BC. A, B, C and D lie on the same vertical plane.
Both the lengths of AB and BC are 100 m. The inclination of BC is 60. The horizontal distance
between A and C is 128 m.
(a) Find the gradient of the cable AB.
(b) Find the vertical distance between A and C.
(9 marks)

Solution:
(a)
C
100 m
B 60
F
100 m
A E D
128 m
With the notations in the figure, construct BE  AD and BF  CD. 1M
In △BCF,
BF
cos 60 = 1M
100 m
BF = 100 cos 60 m
= 50 m
AE = AD  ED
= AD  BF
= (128  50) m
= 78 m 1A
In △ABE,
AE2 + BE2 = AB2 1M
BE = AB 2  AE 2
= 100 2  78 2 m
= 3 916 m
BE
Gradient of the cable AB = 1M
AE
3 916 m
=
78 m
= 0.802, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 1A
(b) In △BCF,
CF
sin 60 = 1M
BC
CF = BC sin 60
= 100 sin 60 m
Vertical distance between A and C = CF + FD
= CF + BE
= (100 sin 60 + 3 916 ) m 1M
= 149 m, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 1A
<end>

<code=10177318>
500 m B
400 m
300 m
200 m
A
The figure shows a contour map of scale 1 : 50 000. AB represents a straight path. The length of
AB on the map is measured as 3 cm.
(a) Find the gradient of the path AB in the form of 1 : n.
(b) Find the actual length of the path AB, correct to the nearest m.
(8 marks)
Solution:
(a) Vertical distance between A and B
= (500  200) m 1M
= 300 m 1A
Horizontal distance between A and B
= 3  50 000 cm 1M
= 150 000 cm
= 1 500 m 1A
Gradient of the path AB
300 m
= 1 500 m 1M
1
=
5
∴ The gradient of the path AB is 1 : 5. 1A
(b) Let x m be the actual length of the path AB.

x2 = 3002 + 1 5002 1M
x = 3002  1 500 2
= 1 530, cor. to the nearest integer
∴ The actual length of the path AB is 1 530 m. 1A
<end>

<code=10177404>
1 200 m
1 000 m
800 m
600 m B
C
400 m
200 m
A
The figure shows a contour map of scale 1 : 60 000. AB and BC represent two straight hiking
trails. Paul walks along AB and then BC. It is given that the inclination of the path AB is 16.
(a) Find the actual length of the path AB.
(b) If the length of BC on the map is measured as 0.8 cm, find
(i) the gradient of the path BC,
(ii) the total distance Paul has walked.
(11 marks)
Solution:
(a) Let x m be the actual length of the path AB.
Vertical distance between A and B = (1 000  600) m 1M
= 400 m 1A
400 m
sin 16 = 1M
xm
400
x=
sin 16
= 1 450, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 1 451.2
∴ The actual length of the path AB is 1 450 m. 1A
(b) (i) Vertical distance between B and C = (1 000  800) m = 200 m 1A

Horizontal distance between B and C = 0.8  60 000 cm 1M
= 48 000 cm
= 480 m 1A
200 m
Gradient of the path BC = 1M
480 m
= 0.417, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 1A
(ii) Actual length of the path BC = 200 2  480 2 m 1M

= 520 m
Total distance Paul has walked = (1 451.2 + 520) m
= 1 970 m, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 1A
<end>

<code=10177420>
<bk=3B><ch=10><ex=10B><type=L2><mark=3><title=10177420><content>
C
A
D 110 m
72 m
M
35
M D B
A
In the figure, a balloon is tied to a fixed location M on the horizontal ground by a string. The
balloon is initially at A and then moves to C. A is 72 m vertically above B on the ground, while C
is 110 m vertically above D on the ground. MDB is a straight line. If the angle of elevation of A
from M is 35, find the angle of elevation of C from M, correct to 3 significant figures.
(Assume that the string is always stretched tight.)
(3 marks)
Solution:
In △AMB,
72 m
sin 35 = 1M
AM
72
AM = m
sin 35
In △CMD,
110 m
sin CMD = 1M
CM
110 m
sin CMD =
AM
sin 35
sin CMD = 110 
72
CMD = 61.2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The angle of elevation of C from M is 61.2. 1A
<end>

<code=10177423>
A
44 35
56 m
P B Q
In the figure, AB is a tower of height 56 m. P and Q are two soldiers standing due west and due
east of the tower respectively. The angles of depression of P and Q from A are 44 and 35
respectively. Find the distance between the two soldiers.
(5 marks)
Solution:
APB = 44 1M
In △ABP,
56 m
tan 44 = 1M
PB
56
PB = m
tan 44
AQB = 35
In △ABQ,
56 m
tan 35 = BQ 1M
56
BQ = m
tan 35
The required distance = PB + BQ 1M
 56 56 
=  m
 tan 44 tan 35 
<end>

<code=10177448>
A
4m
70
P 60 Q
In the figure, AB is an advertising board located on the top of a building BQ. The angles of
elevation of A and B from P are 70 and 60 respectively. ABQ is a vertical line and AB = 4 m.
Find the distance between P and Q.
(4 marks)
Solution:
In △APQ,
AQ
tan 70 = PQ 1M
4 m  BQ
tan 70 = PQ
BQ = PQ tan 70 – 4 m
In △BPQ,
BQ
tan 60 = PQ 1M
BQ = PQ tan 60
Then, we have
PQ tan 70 – 4 m = PQ tan 60 1M
PQ (tan 70 – tan 60) = 4 m
PQ = 3.94 m, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The distance between P and Q is 3.94 m. 1A
<end>

<code=10177497>
20
P
49
A
C
77 m
52 m
B D horizontal ground
In the figure, there are two hills AB and CD of heights 77 m and 52 m respectively. The angles of
depression of A and C from a plane P are 49 and 20 respectively. If the horizontal distance
between A and P is 60 m, find the horizontal distance between C and P.
(4 marks)
Solution:
With the notations in the figure, extend BA and DC to R and Q respectively such that PR⊥BR and
PQ⊥DQ. Then, PR = 60 m.
20 R Q
P
49
A
C
77 m
52 m
B D
In △ARP,
AR
tan 49 = 60 m 1M
AR = 60 tan 49 m
CQ = AR + AB – CD 1M
= (60 tan 49 + 77 – 52) m
= (60 tan 49 + 25) m
In △CQP,
CQ
tan 20 = PQ 1M
(60 tan 49  25) m
tan 20 = PQ
60 tan 49  25
PQ = m
tan 20
= 258 m, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The horizontal distance between C and P is 258 m. 1A
<end>
<code=10177505>
A
28
63
P Q B ground
In the figure, a car moves towards a tower AB at a constant speed of 60 km/h. It takes 10 seconds
to travel from position P to position Q. The angle of depression of P from A is 28 and the angle of
elevation of A from Q is 63. PQB is a horizontal line. Find the height of the tower.
(Give the answer correct to the nearest m.)
(5 marks)
Solution:
APB = 28 1M
In △APB,
AB
tan 28 = 1M
PB
AB
PB =
tan 28
In △AQB,
AB
tan 63 = QB 1M
AB
QB =
tan 63
PQ + QB = PB
AB AB
60 km/h  10 s  = 1M
tan 63 tan 28
60  1 000 AB
 10 m 
3 600 tan 63
AB
=
tan 28
 1 1  2
AB    = 166 m
 tan 28 tan 63  3
AB = 122 m, cor. to the nearest m
∴ The height of the tower is 122 m. 1A
<end>

<code=10177524>
Q
20 P
A 10
90 m 130 m
B R
In the figure, a helicopter travels horizontally from P to Q at a constant speed towards a building
AB. The angles of depression of A from P and Q are 10 and 20 respectively. The height of the
building is 90 m and the helicopter is 130 m above the ground. A, B, P, Q and R lie on the same
vertical plane. If the helicopter takes 10 seconds to travel from P to Q, find its speed in m/s.
(4 marks)
Solution:
With the notations in the figure, extend PQ to C such that PC⊥BC.
C Q
P
20
A 10
90 m 130 m
B R
AC = PR – AB = (130 – 90) m = 40 m
In △AQC,
40 m
tan 20 = QC 1M
40
QC = m
tan 20
In △APC,
40 m
tan 10 = 1M
PC
40
PC = m
tan 10
PQ
Speed of the helicopter = 10 s 1M
PC  QC
= 10 s
 40 40 
=    10 m/s
 tan 10 tan 20 
= 11.7 m/s, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 1A
<end>

<code=10177558>
A
X 61 28 P
Y 13 m Q
In the figure, PQ and XY are two walls on the horizontal ground and they have the same height of
1.6 m. The angles of elevation of a lamp A from P and X are 28 and 61 respectively. A, P, Q, X
and Y lie on the same vertical plane. If Q and Y are 13 m apart, find the height of the lamp above
the horizontal ground.
(5 marks)
Solution:
With the notations in the figure, join XP and construct AB⊥XP.
Then, XP = YQ = 13 m.
A
X 61 28 P
B
Y 13 m Q
In △ABX,
AB
tan 61 = 1M
XB
AB
XB =
tan 61
In △APB,
AB
tan 28 = 1M
BP
AB
BP =
tan 28
XB + BP = XP
AB AB
 = 13 m 1M
tan 61 tan 28
 1 1 
AB    = 13 m
 tan 61 tan 28 
AB = 5.338 7 m, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
The required height = AB + 1.6 m 1M
= (5.338 7 + 1.6) m
= 6.94 m, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 1A
<end>

<code=10177585>
A
B
20 m
30 45
P 10 m Q C
In the figure, AB is a flagpole standing on the building BC and ABC is a straight line. The height of
the building BC is 20 m. The angle of elevation of A from Q is 45, while the angle of elevation of
B from P is 30. P and Q are 10 m apart, and PQC is a horizontal line. Find the height of the
flagpole.
(5 marks)
Solution:
In △BCP,
20 m
tan 30 = 1M
PC
20
PC = m
tan 30
QC = PC – PQ 1M
 20 
=  10  m
 tan 30 
In △ACQ,
AC
tan 45 = QC 1M
AC = QC tan 45
 20 
=  10  tan 45 m
 tan 30 
AB = AC – BC 1M
 20  
=   10  tan 45  20 m
 tan 30  
= 4.64 m, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The height of the flagpole is 4.64 m. 1A
<end>

<code=10177589>
Q
80
500 m
P 55
O A
horizontal ground
In the figure, a helicopter at Q moves downwards vertically to O at a constant speed. The angle of
depression of A from Q is 80. When the helicopter has moved 500 m from Q to P, the angle of
depression of A from the helicopter becomes 55. If the helicopter takes 100 seconds to move from
Q to P, will it take more than 30 seconds to reach the horizontal ground from P? Explain your
answer.
(7 marks)
Solution:
OAQ = 80 1M
In △OAQ,
OQ
tan 80 = 1M
OA
OP  500 m
OA =
tan 80
OAP = 55
In △OAP,
OP
tan 55 = 1M
OA
OP
OA =
tan 55
Then, we have
OP OP  500 m
= 1M
tan 55 tan 80
OP OP 500 m
= 
tan 55 tan 80 tan 80
 1 1 
OP   
 tan 55 tan 80 
500
= m
tan 80
OP = 168.29 m, cor. to the nearest 0.01 m
Time taken to reach the ground from P
168.29
s
= 500 1M
100
= 33.658 s
> 30 s 1M

∴ The helicopter will take more than 30 seconds to reach the horizontal ground from P. 1A
<end>
<code=10177619>
A 50 m C
42
hm
70
X B Y D
120 m
In the figure, AB and CD are two towers with the same height h m. Their tops A and C are joined
by a straight wire of length 50 m. XBYD is a horizontal line and XY = 120 m. The angle of
depression of X from A is 42 and the angle of elevation of C from Y is 70.
(a) By considering △CDY, express XD in terms of h.
(b) Hence, find the value of h, correct to 3 significant figures.
(7 marks)
Solution:
(a) In △CDY,
hm
tan 70 = 1M
YD
h
YD = m
tan 70
∴ XD = XY + YD 1M
 h 
= 120  tan 70  m 1A
(b) AXB = 42 1M

XB = XD  BD 1M
 h  
= 120    50 m
 tan 70  
 h 
=  70  m
 tan 70 
In △ABX,
hm
tan 42 = 1M
XB
h
tan 42 = 70  h
tan 70
h tan 42
70 tan 42 + tan 70 =h

 tan 42 
h
1  tan 70 
 = 70 tan 42
 
h = 93.8, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 1A
<end>
<code=10177628>
C
60
30
20 m
A
30
P
30
45
30
B D
In the figure, AB represents a tree and CD represents a building. Two CCTV cameras are located at
P and C of the building. CPD is a straight line and CP = 20 m. The angle of elevation of A from
the camera at P is 30, while the angle of depression of B from the camera at P is 45. The angle of
depression of A from the camera at C is 60. Let BD = x m.
(a) Express CP in terms of x.
(b) Hence, find the height of the tree.
(8 marks)
Solution:
With the notations in the figure, construct AR⊥CR and PQ⊥AB.
Then, CR = PQ = BD = x m.
R C
60
30
20 m
Q 30
P
30
45
30
B D
(a) In △CAR,
AR
tan 60 = x m 1M
AR = x tan 60 m
In △APQ,

AQ
tan 30 = x m 1M
AQ = x tan 30 m
CP = AR + AQ 1M
= (x tan 60 + x tan 30) m 1A
(b) From (a), we have

CP = (x tan 60 + x tan 30) m
20 = x(tan 60 + tan 30)
20
x= 1A
tan 60  tan 30
In △BPQ,
BQ
tan 45 = x m 1M
BQ = x tan 45 m
=xm
∴ AB = AQ + BQ 1M
= (x tan 30 + x) m
= x(tan 30 + 1) m
20(tan 30  1)
= m
tan 60  tan 30
∴ The height of the tree is 13.7 m. 1A
<end>
<code=10177637>
<bk=3B><ch=10><ex=10C><type=L2><mark=8><title=10177637><content>
N
N
A
78
B
35
41
8 km
In the figure, the compass bearings of A and C from B are N78W and S41W respectively. The
compass bearing of C from A is S35E. If the distance between B and C is 8 km, find the distance
between A and C.
(8 marks)
Solution:

With the notations in the figure, construct BD⊥AC.
N
N
A
 78
B
35
N
41
  8 km
D
C
 = 41 1M
 = 35
∠ACB =  +  1M
= 41 + 35
= 76
In △BCD,
BD
sin 76 = 8 km 1M
BD = 8 sin 76 km
CD
cos 76 = 8 km 1M
CD = 8 cos 76 km
 = 78 – 35 1M
= 43
In △ABD,
BD
tan 43 = 1M
AD
8 sin 76 km
tan 43 =
AD
8 sin 76
AD = km
tan 43
AC = AD + CD 1M
 8 sin 76 
=  8 cos 76  km
 tan 43  
= 10.3 km, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 1A
<end>

<code=10177645>
N N
124 6 km
A B
47
In the figure, the bearings of houses P and Q from house A are 124 and S47E respectively. Both
houses P and Q are due south of house B. If house A is 6 km due west of house B, find the distance
between houses P and Q.
(6 marks)
Solution:
BAP = 124 – 90 1M
= 34
In △BAP,
BP
tan 34 = 6 km 1M
BP = 6 tan 34 km
BAQ = 90 – 47 1M
= 43
In △BAQ,
BQ
tan 43 = 6 km 1M
BQ = 6 tan 43 km
PQ = BQ – BP 1M
= (6 tan 43 – 6 tan 34) km
= 1.55 km, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The distance between houses P and Q is 1.55 km. 1A
<end>

<code=10177660>
N
50 m
A
B O 39
73 C
In the figure, trees A and B are due west of the house at O, while tree C is due south of the house.
The compass bearings of trees A and B from tree C are N73W and N39W respectively. If trees A
and B are 50 m apart, find the distance between tree C and the house.
(4 marks)
Solution:
In △OBC,
OB
tan 39 = 1M
OC
OB = OC tan 39
In △OAC,
OA
tan 73 = 1M
OC
OB  AB
tan 73 =
OC
OC tan 39  50 m
tan 73 = 1M
OC
OC tan 73 = OC tan 39 + 50 m
OC (tan 73 – tan 39) = 50 m
OC = 20.3 m, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The distance between tree C and the house is 20.3 m. 1A
<end>

<code=10177904>
N
40
N
410 km
12
T
Refer to the figure. At 2 a.m., a typhoon at T is 410 km away from city O and the compass bearing
of T from O is S40E. The typhoon moves in the direction N12W at a constant speed of 30 km/h.
When will the typhoon be closest to city O?
(Give the answer correct to the nearest hour.)
(4 marks)
Solution:
With the notations in the figure, construct OP⊥TP.
N
P
O
40
N
410 km
12
T
OTP = 40 – 12 1M

= 28
In △OTP,
TP
cos 28 = 410 km 1M
TP = 410 cos 28 km
Time required for the typhoon to reach P
TP
= 30 km/h 1M
410 cos 28
= h
30
= 12 h, cor. to the nearest hour
∴ The typhoon will be closest to city O at 2 p.m. 1A
<end>

<code=10177920>
A robot starts a journey. Initially, it is at O. It travels 80 m due south, then 90 m due west, and
finally 20 m due north-east to reach the destination P.
(a) Sketch a diagram to represent the path travelled by the robot in the journey.
(b) Find the true bearing of O from P.
(Give the answer correct to the nearest degree.)
(10 marks)
Solution:
(a)
3A
N
80 m
N P
20 m 45
90 m
(b) With the notations in the figure, join OP and construct PC⊥OA and PD⊥AB.
Then, PC = DA and PD = CA.
N
80 m
N P
C
20 m 45
B D A
90 m
In △PBD,
BD
cos 45 = 20 m 1M
BD = 20 cos 45 m
PD
sin 45 = 20 m 1M
PD = 20 sin 45 m
∴ PC = DA
= BA – BD

= (90 – 20 cos 45) m 1A
OC = OA – CA
= OA – PD
= (80 – 20 sin 45) m 1A
In △OPC,
PC
tan POC = 1M
OC
90  20 cos 45
tan POC =
80  20 sin 45
POC = 49, cor. to the nearest degree
∴ The true bearing of O from P is 049. 1M+1A
<end>
<code=10177974>
180 m
5
Refer to the figure. Kenneth walks 120 m up along an inclined road AB with inclination 5°, and
then 180 m up along an inclined road BC with inclination 10°. Finally, he walks 200 m up along an
inclined road CD with inclination 12°. AEGI is a horizontal line. Find the horizontal distance
Kenneth has walked, correct to the nearest m.
(6 marks)
Solution:
In △ABE,
AE
cos 5 = 1M
120 m
AE = 120 cos 5 m 1A
In △BCF,
BF
cos 10 =
180 m
BF = 180 cos 10 m 1A
In △CDH,
CH
cos 12 =
200 m
CH = 200 cos 12 m 1A
Horizontal distance Kenneth has walked
= AE + BF + CH
= (120 cos 5 + 180 cos 10 + 200 cos 12) m 1M
= 492 m, cor. to the nearest m 1A

<end>
<code=10178040>
500 m
500 m
8
In a hiking trail of a country park, for every 500 m, there is a distance post to help hikers in
identifying their positions. Stephen walks up along a hiking trail and passes through 3 distance
posts A, B and C as shown in the figure. It is known that the inclination of AB is 8°. The vertical
distance between A and C is 200 m. ADF is a horizontal line.
(a) Find the gradient of BC in the form of 1 : n, where n is correct to the nearest integer.
(b) Find the horizontal distance Stephen has walked, correct to 3 significant figures.
(9 marks)
Solution:
(a) In △ABD,
BD
sin 8 = 1M
500 m
BD = 500 sin 8 m
CE = CF – EF
= CF – BD
= (200 – 500 sin 8) m 1A
= 130.41 m, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
In △BCE,
BC2 = BE2 + CE2 1M
BE = BC 2  CE 2
= 500 2  130.412 m
= 482.69 m, cor. to 5 sig. fig. 1A
1
Let 1 : n  i.e.
 be the gradient of BC.
n
130.41 m
Gradient of BC = 1M
482.69 m
1 130.41
=
n 482.69
482.69
n=
130.41
= 4, cor. to the nearest integer
∴ The gradient of BC is 1 : 4. 1A
(b) In △ABD,
AD
cos 8 = 1M
500 m
AD = 500 cos 8 m

The required horizontal distance
= AD + BE
= (500 cos 8 + 482.69) m 1M
<end>
<code=10178064>
800 m
750 m
600 m
650 m
550 m
The figure shows a part of a contour map of scale 1 : 8 000. PQ represents a straight path. The
length of PQ on the map is measured as 1.6 cm.
(a) Find the gradient of PQ.
(b) Find the actual length of PQ, correct to 3 significant figures.
(c) R is a point on the map. If the length of the straight path QR on the map is measured as
2.5 cm, which path is steeper, PQ or QR? Explain your answer.
(13 marks)
Solution:
(a) Vertical distance between P and Q = (800  600) m 1M
= 200 m 1A
Horizontal distance between P and Q = 1.6  8 000 cm 1M
= 12 800 cm
= 128 m 1A
200 m
Gradient of PQ = 1M
128 m
25
= 1A
16
(b) Actual length of PQ = 1282  200 2 m 1M

(c) Vertical distance between Q and R = (800  550) m

= 250 m 1A
Horizontal distance between Q and R = 2.5  8 000 cm
= 20 000 cm

= 200 m 1A
250 m
Gradient of QR =
200 m
5
= 1A
4
25 5
∵ >
16 4
i.e. Gradient of PQ > gradient of QR 1M
∴ Path PQ is steeper. 1A
<end>
<code=10178069>
28
In the figure, a bird stands on the top T of a tree TR. The angle of elevation of T from a
birdwatcher P is 28°. The distance between T and P is 140 m.
(a) Find the height of the tree.
(b) Another birdwatcher Q is 60 m away from the tree. Find the angle of elevation of T from Q.
(4 marks)
Solution:
(a) In △PRT,
TR
sin 28 = 140 m 1M
TR = 140 sin 28 m
∴ The height of the tree is 65.7 m. 1A
(b) In △QRT,
TR
tan TQR = 60 m 1M
140 sin 28
tan TQR = 60
TQR = 47.6, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The angle of elevation of T from Q is 47.6. 1A
<end>

<code=10178093>
56
870 m
In the figure, the angles of depression of the top T of a clock tower from two aeroplanes A and B
are 66° and 56° respectively. The horizontal distances of aeroplane A and aeroplane B from the
clock tower are 870 m and 2 700 m respectively. Aeroplane A is 2 000 m above the ground. A, B,
C, D and T lie on the same vertical plane.
(a) Find the height of the clock tower.
(b) Find the height of aeroplane B above the ground.
(c) Find the angle of elevation of aeroplane B from aeroplane A.
(10 marks)
Solution:
With the notations in the figure, join AB, and construct AP⊥BD, TQ⊥BD and TS⊥AC.
Then, ST = CR = 870 m and TQ = RD = 2 700 m.
56
870 m
(a)  = 66
In △AST,
AS
tan 66 = 870 m 1M
AS = 870 tan 66 m
TR = AC – AS 1M
= (2 000 – 870 tan 66) m
= 45.9 m, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 45.948
∴ The height of the clock tower is 45.9 m. 1A

(b)  = 56
In △BTQ,
BQ
tan 56 = 2 700 m 1M
BQ = 2 700 tan 56 m
The required height = BD
= BQ + QD 1M
= (2 700 tan 56 + 45.948) m
= 4 050 m, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 4 048.9 1A
(c) BP = BD – PD 1M
= (4 048.9 – 2 000) m
= 2 048.9 m, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
AP = CR + RD 1M
= (870 + 2 700) m
= 3 570 m
In △ABP,
BP
tan  = 1M
AP
2 048.9 m
tan  =
3 570 m
 = 29.9, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The angle of elevation of aeroplane B from aeroplane A is 29.9°. 1A
<end>
<code=10178108>
Refer to the figure.
48
Find
(a) the true bearing of X from Y,
(b) the compass bearing of Y from Z.
(6 marks)

Solution:
(a) With the notations in the figure,
48
 = 48 1M
 = 360 –  1M
= 360 – 48
= 312
∴ The true bearing of X from Y is 312°. 1A
(b) With the notations in the figure,
48

 = 90 –  1M
= 90 – 48
= 42
 =  = 42 1M
∴ The compass bearing of Y from Z is S42°W. 1A
<end>

<code=10178149>
65
In the figure, AB = AC. Find the true bearing of A from C.

(5 marks)
Solution:
With the notations in the figure,
65
 = 65 1A
∠ABC =  – 40 1M
= 65 – 40
= 25
In △ABC,
∵ AB = AC
∴ ∠ACB =∠ABC 1M
= 25
 + ∠ACB = 40 1M
 + 25 = 40
 = 15
∴ The true bearing of A from C is 015°. 1A
<end>

<code=10178265>
8 km 28
In the figure, Kenny and Winnie walk from O in the directions N62°W and S28°W respectively.
Kenny walks 12 km to P while Winnie walks 8 km to Q. Find the true bearing of P from Q.
(5 marks)
Solution:
8 km
28
 = 28
62 + ∠POQ + 28 = 180 1M
∠POQ = 90
∴ △POQ is a right-angled triangle. 1A
In △POQ,
PO
tan PQO = QO 1M
12 km
tan (28 + ) = 8 km
 = 28.310, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
 = 360 –  1M
= 360 – 28.310
= 332, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The true bearing of P from Q is 332°. 1A
<end>

<code=10178290>
280
In the figure, AB is a cycle track. The bearings of pavilion X from A and B are 200° and 280°
respectively. The shortest distance of pavilion X from the cycle track is 60 m. If the compass
bearing of B from A is S26°E, find the length of the cycle track AB, correct to 3 significant figures.
(7 marks)
Solution:
280
 = 200 – 180 1M
= 20
In △AXY,
∠BAX =  + 26 1M
= 20 + 26
= 46
60 m
tan BAX = 1M
AY
60
AY = m
tan 46
 = 26
 = 360 – 280 –  1M
= 360 – 280 – 26
= 54
In △BXY,
60 m
tan  = 1M
BY
60
BY = m
tan 54
AB = AY + BY 1M
 60 60 
=  m
 tan 46 tan54 
= 102 m, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The length of the cycle track AB is 102 m. 1A
<end>
<code=10178291>
58
32
The figure shows the positions of three cities P, Q and R. R is at a position N58°E of P and R is at
N32°W of Q. It is known that PR = 40 km, and it takes 1.5 h to drive from Q to R at a speed of
60 km/h.
(a) Find the true bearing of Q from P.
(b) Find the distance between P and Q.
(c) If it takes 40 minutes to drive from Q to P, find the speed required in km/h.
(11 marks)
Solution:
(a) With the notations in the figure,
58
32
 = 58 1M
 = 32
∠PRQ =  +  1M
= 58 + 32
= 90
∴ △PRQ is a right-angled triangle. 1A
QR = 60  1.5 km 1M
= 90 km
In △PQR,

QR
tan QPR = 1M
PR
90 km
tan QPR =
40 km
∠QPR = 66.038, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
 = 58 +∠QPR 1M
= 58 + 66.038
= 124, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The true bearing of Q from P is 124°. 1A
(b) In △PQR,
PQ2 = PR2 + QR2 1M
PQ = 402  902 km
= 98.5 km, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 98.489 1A
98.489
(c) The required speed =  60 km/h 1M
40
= 148 km/h, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 1A
<end>

Level 2: New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) S3 Question Bank 3B Chapter 10 Applications in Trigonometry

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Level 2: New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) S3 Question Bank 3B Chapter 10 Applications in Trigonometry

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New Century Mathematics (Second Edition)

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.29

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.30

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.31

With the notations in the figure, construct BM  CD and BN  DA. 1M

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.32

A 128 m D horizontal ground

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.33

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.34

(b) Let x m be the actual length of the path AB.

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.35

(b) (i) Vertical distance between B and C = (1 000  800) m = 200 m 1A

(ii) Actual length of the path BC = 200 2  480 2 m 1M

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.36

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.37

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.38

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.39

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.41

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.42

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.43

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.44

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.45

(b) AXB = 42 1M

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.46

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.47

(b) From (a), we have

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.48

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.49

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.50

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.51

OTP = 40 – 12 1M

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.52

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.53

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.54

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.55

(b) Actual length of PQ = 1282  200 2 m 1M

(c) Vertical distance between Q and R = (800  550) m

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.56

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.57

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.58

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.59

(b) With the notations in the figure,

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.60

In the figure, AB = AC. Find the true bearing of A from C.

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.61

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.62

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.64

© OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2017 3B Chapter 10 Level 2 P.65

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