Architect:

Kohn Pederson Fox LOTTE WORLD TOWER

Engineer:
Leslie E. Robertson (SOUTH KOREA)
Associates (LERA)
Y EAR O F C OMPLETION : 2016 PROJECT DURATION: 42 MOUNTH
Special points of inter-
Core Technologies for Super Tall Building Construction
est:

 Construction Technol- The response was casted with

apartments that are com-
ogy For The Mega Mat a single concrete placement in
mon in Korea). order to secure structural
Foundation
B) Construction Tech- integrity and construction peri-
 High Strength Con- nology For The Mega od.
crete Technology Mat Foundation This foundation uses steel re-
 Structural Design bar and couplers with a diame-
lotte world tower founda- ter of 51 mm and a Bar Chair
Concept & Safety tion uses mega mat founda- system is applied to accommo-
 Surveying Technology tion because this building is date working conditions under
In Super Tall Building a super structure consisting a thickness of 6.5 m. in addi-
of 750,000 tons of vertical tion there is also a high
 Special Heavy Equip- load to the ground. that strength of 50 MPa and ultra-
ment much vertical load is neces- low heat controlling the hydra-
sary because it can secure tion heat of concrete which is
 Dimension Of Col-
all structural stability to
umns And Core Walls self-developed.
maintain the safety and
On Each Floor
usefulness of structures C) High Strength Con-
A) General Information that resist lateral loads. the crete Technology
Lotte World Tower's design size of the mega met foun-
dation are: width and It's important to use high
forms are inspired by modern
length of 71.7 m, thickness strength concrete for sky-
aesthetic forms such as ceramics
of 6.5 m and total volume scrapers that require high-
and porcelain. the shape of the
of 31,203 m3. speed construction and lean
Lotte World tower is sleek and
structures. concrete mix de-
smaller, it illustrates the topog-
signs must be optimized and
Realiza- Lotte Con- raphy of the rocky mountains of
high quality control of con-
tion strution Seoul. The building is program-
crete engineering is very nec-
matically multifunctional and
Structure Office essary for construction man-
exceeds that in other buildings.
administra- Inside the Lotte World Tower agement.
tion there are retails, offices, seven-
versatility star luxury hotels, and officetel
Structure High (a combination of offices and
type Buildings
(skyscraper) High strength concrete used for high strength concrete, Poly-
the Lotte World Tower project mix F (patent ownership).
Construc- Straight is 50-80 MPa which is applied to previously the optimization of
tion mega-columns and core walls the proportion of concrete
method for vertical sections, mat pads, mixture design mixes from
and flat plates for horizontal raw material analysis through
Number 123 members according to the floor. laboratory tests and the RMC
of Floors 80 MPa of high quality concrete (ready-mixed concrete) BP
placed a total of 77,255 m3. Test. According to the results
concrete through many actual of the simulation applied to
Large 505.300 sqm
sized mock-up experiments with mixed concrete construction,
High 514,25 m analysis and measurement of 5,300 concrete trucks were
hydration heat to carry out qual- used for 30 hours and finally
ity control to meet the 3 hour succeeded in complet-
fire retardant capacity by using ing.concrete installation.
spalling resistance material for
Page 2 LOTTE WORLD TOWER

D) Structural Design Concept & Safety System

The Lotte World Tower
structural system consists of a
gravity resistance system and a
lateral force resistance system.
The Lotte World Tower gravi-
ty resistance system consists of
a core wall located in the mid-
dle to the 123th floor and 8
mega columns located around
the perimeter and a steel plate
floor structure. there are 108
poles with a length of 30 me-
ters and a diameter of 1 m
mounted on a layer of hard
soil as reinforcement.
There are also 72 71.7 m x 72 m
rafts with a thickness of 6.5 m and
a volume of 31,203 m³ installed as a
foundation. This large foundation
consists of 4,200 tons of steel rein-
forcement, including 5.1 cm in di-
ameter, and 80,000 tons of high-
strength concrete and is able to
handle a vertical load of 750,000
tons which produces towers.
The Lotte World tower struc-
ture system is made of earth-
quake-resistant structural sys-
tems and is resistant to lateral
loads. Earthquake resistant
structure consists of core
walls, 8 mega columns and
floor plates with steel bars. The
core wall is placed in the mid-
dle of the building up to the
123th floor, 8 mega columns
are placed around the building.
The core wall handles 60% of
the tower load, while the re-
maining 40% is handled by
mega columns.

There are also Series

truss belts that distribute
the Diagrid structure to
the configuration of the
columns on the hotel
floor, as well as the col-
umns on the hotel floor
to the mega columns on
the office floor. Only two
levels of outriggers bind
around mega columns
with concrete cores
needed to control hori-
zontal and vertical move-
ments in buildings as a
Lotte World Tower Gravity Resistance System and result of wind loads. For
Construction. structural stability of sky-
scrapers a SHM
(Structural Health Moni-
Lateral load resistant structure system in toring) is installed, a sys-
this building consists of outrigger and belt tem for measuring and
frame mounted on the floor 39- 44 which analyzing structural re-
is a mechanical floor, 72-76 which is a pro- sponses caused by wind
tection, 104 - 107 which is a sky lobby and loads, earthquakes, etc.
hotel area facilities, on the 102nd floor this technology can main-
above which contains offices, museums and tain the super safe condi-
observation rooms. tion of the structure.

Tower Lateral Force Resistance System and Constructiaons

 Year Of Completion: 2016 Page 3

E) Surveying Technology In Super Tall Building

the more a building is taller the

more important the survey tech-
nology will be. technology in high
-rise building construction is nec-
essary to build vertically accu-
rately because if construction
verticality is wrong, the building
cannot stand vertically so the
building cannot withstand vertical
and lateral loads safely.Lotte
World Tower uses GNSS climate change and time so that construction can be carried out in a timely man-
(Global Navigation Satellite Sys- ner, increasing the level of precision and accuracy and strictly managing alignment
tems) by using more than 3 satel- by monitoring the real-time movement of buildings. According to the ACI specifi-
lites that rotate throughout the cation standard, guidelines for straightness are intensified 75 mm from 150 mm,
earth. This makes it possible to but the actual construction is managed 25 mm.
carry out measurements without
an external environment such as

 Special Heavy Equipment

To build skyscrapers, special
equipment such as tower
cranes, hoists and high-
pressure concrete pumps are
needed. The hoist is an im-
portant transportation tool for
workers and materials in build-
ing tall buildings because it is
tasked with lifting material.
elevator operation plan for
construction is also very im-
portant because we need to
count the number of hoists and
choose the location and type,
to minimize disturbances
between site conditions and
the order of construction.
F) Dimension Of Columns
And Core Walls On Each Floor
At the top of the building, the 2nd public tower is used to
lift material and workers, and a shuttle hoist is installed for
the upper part of the interior construction. At this point,
all towers and common winches are destroyed except for
the third winch. The hoist is also useful in installing and
operating high pressure pumping, piping and CPB
(Concrete Placing Boom) for pumping high-performance
concrete to heights of more than 500 m (which is sent to
the location using mixed concrete) .Diameter and thick-
ness of high pressure pumps must be determined after
considering the high pressure pumping load. Also, the type
and location of the CPB (Concrete Placing Boom) must be
chosen based on the radius of the concrete placement and
changes in building plans. Lotte World Tower installed and
operated 4 high pressure pumps which had a maximum
output of 777 horsepower, 7 high pressure pipes, and 3
CPB in accordance with the construction period.

Lotte World Tower Floor 2-86 uses a slab-on-truss steel floor plate, while the 87-
101 floor uses a 225-300mm thickness flat plate system with panels falling around the
column. For the upper part of the building which contains offices, museums and ob-
servation rooms, a steel plate with a slab-on-truss deck is also used. While the floor
in the basement to the first floor is made of reinforced concrete. Despite the pointed
shape, but the design of the structure of this building is quite effective in minimizing
wind loads.
 LOTTE WORLD TOWER
Rebar : Rebar, also known as reinforcement
steel and reinforcing steel, is a steel bar
or mesh of steelwires used in reinforced
concrete and masonry structures to
strengthen and hold the concretein ten-
sion. To improve the quality of the bond
with the concrete, the surface of rebar is
often patterned.
Mat foundation : Mat foundation is also
known as the raft foundation. It is a con-
tinuous thick concreteslab on the soil
that extends the entire footprint of the
building and increases the soil bearing
capacity power. This foundation supports
the entire building loads and safely trans-
fer it to the ground.
Reverse Circulation Drill : Reverse Cir-
culation Drill Method is considered to be
the most suitable and economical con-
struction method for the pile construc-
tion. The advantage of this method in-
cludes the maintenance of required pile
verticality, short construction time and
lower budget, etc.
Beam: structural element that primarily
DICTIONARY resists loads applied laterally to the
beam's axis. Its mode of deflection is
primarily by bending. The loads applied
to the beam result in reaction forces at
the beam's support points. The total
effect of all the forces acting on the
beam is to produce shear forces and
bending moments within the beam, that
in turn induce internal stresses, strains
and deflections of the beam. Beams are
characterized by their manner of sup-
port, profile (shape of cross-section),
equilibrium conditions, length, and their
material.
Outriggers : rigid horizontal struc- tures
designed to improve building overturning
stiffness and strength by connecting the
building core or spine to distant col-
umns. Outriggers have been used in tall,
narrow buildings for nearly half a centu-
ry, but the design principle has been used
for millennia.
Belt truss : Belt truss connects outer pe-
rimeter column of a building and offer a
wider perimeter to resist lateral deflec-
tion of building. In order to mobilize the
additional axial stiffness of several col-
umns and provide for torsional stiffness,
a belt truss can be used at the outrigger
levels.
Tiltmeter : a sensitive inclinometer de-
signed to measure very small changes
from the vertical level, either on the
ground or in structures. Tiltmeters are
used extensively for monitoring volca-
noes, the response of dams to filling, the
small movements of potential landslides,
the orientation and volume of hydraulic frac-
tures, and the response of structures to vari-
ous influences such as loading and foundation
settlement.
Accelerometer : a device that measures proper
acceleration.Proper acceleration, being the
acceleration (or rate of change of velocity) of a
body in its own instantaneous rest frame,is not
the same as coordinate acceleration, being the
acceleration in a fixed coordinate system
Positive Displacement flow meters : the only
flow measuring technology to directly measure
the volume of fluid that passes though the flow
meter. It achieves this by trapping pockets of
fluid between rotating components housed
within a high precision chamber. This can be
compared to repeatedly filling a beaker with
fluid and pouring the contents downstream
while counting the number of times the beaker
is filled.
Tower crane : type of machine, generally
equipped with a hoist rope, wire ropes or
chains, and sheaves, that can be used both to
lift and lower materials and to move them
horizontally. It is mainly used for lifting heavy
things and transporting them to other places.
The device uses one or more simple machines
to create mechanical advantage and thus move
loads beyond the normal capability of a human.
Hoist : device used for lifting or lowering a load
by means of a drum or lift-wheel around which
rope or chain wraps. It may be manually oper-
ated, electrically or pneumatically driven and
may use chain, fiber or wire rope as its lifting
medium.
Diagrid : is a design for building large buildings
with steel that create triangular structures with
diagonal support beams. This is a triangulation
beam system, straight or curved, and horizon-
tal rings that together form a structural system
for skyscrapers.
Porcelain : is a ceramic material made by heating.
Elevator : is a vertical transportation that is used
to transport people or goods