FOUNDRY CONTROL TEST FOR MELTING HIGH ZINC BRONZES.

165

knocks the specimen out, and takes it to a nearby laboratory.

A laboratory workman with a hand-hacksaw then removes the
top half inch discard, trims off any fins attached to the specimen
on the belt surfacer, and finally weighs the specimen both in air
and in 'water (preferably distilled). By simple calculation, which
involves subtraction (weight in air minus weight in water) and
division (loss in weight as obtained above divided into the weight
of the specimen in air), the specific gravity of the metal is ob-
tained. Next, by referring to the graphs in Figures 3 and 4 the
quantity of zinc which should be added to the melt is found. T h e

8.3&

8.340

8.320

x
U
4

2 8.300
.s
0

"
.-I

d
:
n
8.280
u)

8.260

6.240

8.220 I I I 1 I I

OK 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

Pounds of Zinc P e r 100 Pounds of Manganese Bronze
To Be Added
Note: For h e n t s 300 l b . or l e s s , double the quantity Of Zinc.

FIGURE
3.-GRAPH SliO\\.ING T H E A M O U N T OF ZINC TO ADD TO MANGANESE
TO BRINGIT TO T H E DESIUFBRANGEOF CHEMICAL
BRONZE, COMFQSITION.
166 FOUNDRY CONTROL TEST FOR MELTING HIGH ZINC BRONZES.

8.t

8.5

A
v
-4

U
; 8.4
"
z:*
" 8.3
P
ul

8.2

8.1 I I I I I 1
1 2 3 4 5 6
P a d s Of Z b C P e r 100 P o u n d s Of Brass (NC & E c h o B e Added
not.: For heats 300 Ib. or Less, d o u b l e the q u a n t i t y of zinc.
F I G U R E GRAPH SHOWING T H E AMOUNT
OF Z I N C TO A D D TO COMMERCIAL
BRASSTO BRINGTHEMTO T H E DESIRED
AND NAVAL RANGE OF
CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION.

entire process of sampling, weighing, and calculating (when using

an adding machine for the dividing) requires less than 5 minutes.
I t is our belief t h a t the simplicity of the test, combined with its
merits of speed and unerring effectiveness of results, is unexcelled
by any other type of furnace or laboratory control test yet
devised for this application.
Tables I and I1 have been taken from the pages of the labora-
tory log. They show what data is taken with each specimen,
namely, the size of the heat, whether the metal charge is com-
posed entirely of scrap (gates and risers) or of new ingot. I t will
be noted t h a t small heats of manganese bronze, t h a t is, those
which are charged to 30 per cent or less of furnace capacity
(30 per cent X 1000 lb. = 300 lb.), require double the quantity of
zinc shown by the curves.
In conclusion, this control test is considered to be of economic
advantage to all brass foundries making navy type brasses under
 FOUNDRY CONTROL TEST FOR MELTING HIGH ZINC BRONZES. 167

Navy Department Specifications (Mn-c, N. D. Spec. 49B3; N-c,

N. D. Spec. 46B10; B-c, N. D. Spec. 46Bll) to avail themselves
of this simple, practical, and inexpensive control test t o insure
passing the physical property requirements of said specifications.
TABLE
I-RESULTS OF SPECIFIC
GRAVITY
CONTROL
TESTS
ON MANGANESEBRONZE.
Manganese Bronze, Navy Dept. Spec. 49B3.
Required Chemical Composition, Per Cent.
Copper Lead Aluminum Manganese Iron Tan Zinc
55-60 0.40 max. 0.50-1.50 1.50 max. 0.40-2.0 1.00 max. Rem.
Required Physical Properties, Minimum.
Tensile Strength Elongalion i n 2 i n .
65,000 psi 20.0 per cent
Heat Specific Told Zinc Charge Charge T.S. Elong.
No. Gravity' Added, Lb. Lb. Kin# Psi. 70
8 8.287 13 1000 S 7 1250 27.5
13 8.257 4 1000 N 7 1250 26.0
18 8.240 None 1000 N 69500 29.0
25 8.273 8 1000 S 69500 26.0
29 8.261 5 1000 N 7 1250 27.0
31 8.236 None 1000 N 72000 28.0
39 8.285 12 1000 S 65 750 39.0
58 8.241 None 400 S 67250 34.0
69 8.311 12 700 S 68250 32.0
91 8.295 4 250 S 72500 24.0
249 8.319 12 350 S 66000 35.5
265 8.319 13 600 S 69500 28.5
386 8.262 17 1000 S 75750 25.0
396 8.299 8 500 S 68500 34.5
456 8.329 9 200 S 71250 29.5
479 8.318 8 200 S 70250 32.0
11-RESULTS OF SPECIFIC
TABLE GRAVITY
CONTROL
TESTS
ON NAVALAND COMMERCIAL
BRASS.
Required Chemical Composition, Per Cent.
Naval Brass, N . D . Spec. 46BlO.
cu Sn Pb Fe A1 Zn
60-65 0.50-1.50 0.75-1.50 0.75 m a . 0.50 rnax. Rem.
1 Not final specific gravity, but that immtdlntely after melting.
2 N signifies new, ingot metal. S signifies scrap metal.
 *
168 FOUNDRY CONTROL TEST FOR MELTING HIGH ZINC BRONZES.

Commercial Brass, N . D. Spec. 46Bl1, GI. I.

65-70 1.50 max. 1.50-3.0 0.75 max. 0.30 max. Rem.
Required Physical Properties, Minimum .
T . S. Elong. i n 2 in.
Naval Brass.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,000 psi 15.0 per cent
Commercial Brass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . None None
Heat Specific Told Zn Charge Charge T. S. Elong.
No. Gravity Added, Lb. Lb. Kind Psi. %
86 8.512 10 150 s 43000 40.5
171 8.577 20 250 S 48000 40.5
277 8.414 21 550 S 55000 36.0
289 8.497 24 350 s 52750 28.0
381 8.342 21 700 N 45000 27.0