Jitter Separation in High Speed Digital Design

Gustaaf Sutorius
Jitter & Typical Digital Development Process

System Interconnect Active Signal Compliance

Design Design Analysis Test

• Accurate Design
Analysis
• Test & Analysis
Capability
• Measurement
Automation
 AGENDA
1. Jitter:
I. Definition and Description of Jitter
II. Understanding Jitter, its Components, and Separation
III. Jitter Measurement Methods and Tools
2. Actual jitter measurements

Page 3
 AGENDA
1. Jitter:
I. Definition and Description of Jitter
II. Understanding Jitter, its Components, and Separation
III. Jitter Measurement Methods and Tools
2. Actual jitter measurements

Page 4
Jitter Primer: Topics to be Covered

1. Definition and Description of Jitter

2. Understanding Jitter, its Components, and Separation
3. Jitter Measurement Methods and Tools

Page 5
 What is Jitter?
• ‘Jitter ‘ is another word for shaky, quiver,
tremulous… speaks of degree of instability of
location.
• In the Digital Design world, jitter has been defined
as:

The short term phase variation of the

significant instants of a digital signal from
their ideal positions in time.

Page 6
What is Jitter: Analyzing an Edge (Transition)

Ideal Location in Time (Reference)

Transition
Early Instant
Threshold
Late

∆tEarly
0 1
∆tLate
∆tEarly Pk + ∆tlate Pk
JPP=∆

Page 7
Units for expressing Jitter

1) Seconds: if ∆tEarly =60 ps and ∆tLate=40ps

JPP= 100 pseconds

2) UI: Referenced to the Data Rate, called Unit Interval (UI):

For 2.5 Gb/s Data Rate, the UI (Period) = 400 pseconds

JPP= 100 pseconds/400 pseconds per UI = 0.25 UI

3) Radians: π radians per UI:

where there are 2π

π= π/2 radians
JPP= .25 UI x 2π
Page 8
 Jitter: Creating the Eye… E1

Eye Crossing
Points

Single Left Edge Right Edge

Nominal
transition Sampling Point

E0

x=0 x = 1/2 T x=T

The EYE Diagram Unit Interval Oscilloscope Eye

Overlaid
transitions

Total Jitter, JPP Ideal Sampling Point

Probability Density
Function
Page 9
Why Care about Jitter?

• Bit Errors!
Transmitted
Waveform 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0

Received
Waveform 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0

Interpretted
Waveform 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0

Page 10
Jitter as Horizontal “Timing Noise”

• A low “Signal to Noise Ratio”

causes errors
• Voltage Noise → vertical
fluctuations across the
sampling point
• Undesirable Amplitude
Modulation

• Jitter describes the same

effect but horizontally –
timing noise
• Jitter → horizontal
fluctuations across the
sampling point
• Undesirable Phase
Modulation
Page 11
Jitter – What Causes It?
• Oscillator Topology
• PLL Design
Noise
• Crystal Performance
• Thermal Noise Mechanisms
• Shot Noise
• Dispersion
• Reference Spurious
• Radiated or Conducted Signals System
• Crosstalk Mechanisms
• Duty Cycle Distortion mechanisms
• Impedance mismatch
• Inter Symbol Interference mechanisms
Data Dependent
• Receiver Detector characteristics
• Clock/Data Recovery Design Mechanisms
• PRBS Mechanisms

Page 12
Jitter Primer: Topics to be Covered

1. Definition and Description of Jitter

2. Understanding Jitter, its Components, and Separation

3. Jitter Measurement Methods and Tools

Page 13
Representing Jitter
S(t): a general digital jitter signal and P(t): a pulse train

S(t)=P(Asin(2πfDt+ϕ(t)))
Where ϕ(t) is overall system jitter function with many sources.
ϕ(t)= ϕ B(t) +ϕ UB(t)
ϕΒ(t) is composed of functions ϕUΒ(t) is composed of functions that
that have Deterministic have Random (UnBounded) phase
(Bounded) phase deviations deviations because their max
because their max amplitudes amplitudes do change. The functions
don’t change are characterized by their statistics

Page 14
Lets Look at the Jitter Sources Again…
Oscillator Topology
PLL Design
Crystal Performance Noise
Thermal Noise
RANDOM / UNBOUNDED
Shot Noise
Dispersion
Reference Spurious
Radiated or Conducted Signals
System
Crosstalk
Duty Cycle Distortion mechanisms DETERMINISTIC
Impedance mismatch BOUNDED
Inter Symbol Interference mechanisms
Receiver Detector characteristics
Data
Clock/Data Recovery Design
PRBS Mechanisms

Page 15
Example Random and Deterministic Jitter

σ JPPDJ
Random Jitter (RJ): Deterministic Jitter (DJ): The spacing
Defined by RMS value, σ, between the mean values of the
of the Gaussian “earliest” and “latest” traces, JPPDJ
distribution

Page 16
 Expressing Total Jitter
• Usually represented as root-mean-square, Jrms, and peak-to-peak,
JPP
• Most useful to characterize jitter as a combination of JrmsRJ and JPPDJ
at a given Bit Error Ratio (BER)

Random Jitter (RJ) – results from the accumulation of random

processes.
• Assumed to Follow a Gaussian Distribution
RJ contribution to Jrms is JrmsRJ = σ
• Since a Gaussian function is unbounded,
RJ contribution to JPP can be large JPPRJ → ∞
Deterministic Jitter (DJ) – results from systematic effects
• E.g., duty-cycle-distortion (DCD), intersymbol interference
(ISI), periodic jitter (PJ), PRBS effects, and crosstalk
• DJ is bounded, JPPDJ is finite.
Page 17
Random jitter: JPPRJ is related to Bit Error Ratio
Unit Interval

Sampling Point
Measure BER(x) = β(x)
x Gaussian
Jitter Only!
(No DJ)

σL σR
Overlap indicates BER

µ Sampling Point µ
×σ
JPPRJ = n×
Page 18
 Random Jitter JPPRJ : What factor to use ?

×σ
JPPRJ = n×

JPPRJ

Random jitter is UNBOUNDED, if we wait long enough we would have “hits” anywhere in the Eyediagram.
We could use any Berr but 10-12 is quite common to use and 10-12 equals to 14.1 sigma.
So if we measure sigma is 10 picoseconds, then we would say the random jitter is 141 Psec.

Page 19
Expressing Total Jitter: RJ & DJ combined
• Since JPPRJ is unbounded, it can be defined by the BER that
would result if there were only RJ. This is where the tails of the
right and left distributions overlap (at the Sampling point):
For a BER = 10-12 → JPPRJ = 14× ×σ
Then JPPRJ ≡ n××σ so that JPPRJ =nxJrmsRJ
• The Total Jitter (TJ), JTJ, for a given BER is then:

J TJ = n × J rms
RJ
+ J PP
DJ

= 14 × σ + J PP
DJ

This assumes that the Gaussian RJ PDF ‘appends’ to the DJ PDF

This is called the Dual Dirac Assumption

Page 20
 The Dual Dirac Assumption

Total Jitter
The ‘DJ’ The ‘RJ’

JPPDJ
7σ

∗ σ
=
No Jitter values
between deltas
µL µR µL µR
 x2   (x − µ L )2   (x − µ R )2 
[δ ( x − µ L ) + δ ( x − µ R )] ∗ exp − 2 
= exp −  + exp − 
 2σ  σ 2σ 2 
2
 2  

Page 21
 Jitter Probability: BER

J pk − pk = J deterministic n ×σ random
=

Page 22
 Random and Deterministic Jitter
• Waveform Observation
• Pattern
• Note Characteristics σ = JrmsRJ
JPPDJ

2 Distinct 2 Distinct
Falling Edges Rising Edges

Threshold

JPP Jrms
Lots of Zeros

Page 23
Random and Deterministic Jitter
• Lets Look at Deterministic Component…
σ = JrmsRJ
DJ
J
J PPDJ
PP

JLPPDJ JRPPDJ

JLPPDJ + JRPPDJ = JPPDJ

JPP
The Peak-to-Peak Deterministic value is the DeltaJrms
between
Worst case mean trajectories around a crossing point.

Page 24
Random and Deterministic Jitter
• Now lets Look at the Random Component…
σ = JrmsRJ
JPPDJ

σRJ σRJ

σRJ is a measure of the process that makes these traces wide

JPP Jrms

Page 25
Random and Deterministic Jitter
• Now lets Summarize Jitter for the Circuit Measured…

σσ=J
= JrmsRJRJ
rms
DJ
J
J PPDJ
PP

JPPT

JPPT = n x σRJ + JPPDJ

JPP Jrms

Page 26
Total jitter: Histogram View
Total Jitter is composed of
random and determistic
components

Random Jitter (RJ) unbounded
• Due to thermal noise, shot noise, etc.
• Follows Gaussian distribution
• Requires statistical analysis to be
quantified
• RJpp = 14.1 x Jrms for 10-12 BER

Deterministic Jitter (DJ)

bounded and composed of: DJ
• Duty-Cycle-Distortion (DCD)
• Inter Symbol Interference (ISI)
• Periodic Jitter (PJ)
RJ

Page 27
 Correlated TJ Uncorr

Decomposing Jitter: The “jitter tree” DJ RJ

DDJ PJ
ISI DCD

Signal jitter can be composed of several types from several mechanisms

Data-Correlated Data-Uncorrelated
Total
ϕB(t) Jitter (TJ)

Deterministic Random
Jitter (DJ) Jitter (RJ)

Data Dependent Jitter

(DDJ)

Inter-symbol Duty Cycle Periodic

Interference (ISI) Distortion (DCD) Jitter PJ

Page 28
 Correlated TJ Uncorr

Example: Duty Cycle Distortion (DCD) DJ RJ

DDJ PJ
Transmitter Threshold Offset Problem DCD
ISI

1 1
Actual Threshold

Ideal Threshold

0 0

Clock

+ error - error + error - error

TIE Trend Waveform

Note: One technique to test for DCD is to stimulate your system/components with a repeating 1-0-1-0… data pattern.
Page 29
This technique will eliminat inter-symbol interference (ISI) jitter and make viewing the DCD within the spectrum display much easier .
 Correlated TJ Uncorr

Example: Duty Cycle Distortion (DCD) DJ RJ

DDJ
Transmitter Edge Transition Speed Asymmetry PJ
ISI DCD

1 1
Threshold

0
Clock

- error + error - error + error

TIE Trend Waveform

Page 30
 Correlated TJ Uncorr

Example: Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) DJ RJ

Transmission Line Bandwidth Limitation Problem DDJ PJ
A C ISI DCD
B

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Threshold
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

“A” = 0 preceded by string of 1’s = + error

TIE Trend Waveform

“C” = 1 preceded by string of 0’s = + error

“B” = 1 preceded by 0 = - error

Page 31
 Correlated TJ Uncorr

Example: Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) DJ RJ

Transmission Line Reflection / Improper Termination DDJ PJ

ISI DCD

Data Signal

TIE Trend Waveform

Each arrow shows which bit of data caused a reflection distortion

on a later data bit.
Page 32
 Correlated TJ Uncorr

Example: Periodic Jitter (PJ) DJ RJ

System Cross-talk Problem (capacitive coupling) DDJ PJ

ISI DCD

Corrupter

Threshold

TIE Trend

Page 33
 Where Does Jitter Come From? Correlated TJ Uncorr

DJ RJ

DDJ PJ
ISI DCD

Transmitter Receiver
Media

•Lossy interconnect (ISI)

•Impedance mismatches (ISI)
•Crosstalk (PJ)

•Thermal Noise (RJ) •Termination Errors (ISI)

•DutyCycle Distortion (DCD) •Thermal Noise (RJ)
•Power Supply Noise (RJ, PJ) •DutyCycle Distortion (DCD)
•On chip coupling (PJ) •Power Supply Noise (RJ, PJ)
•On chip coupling (PJ)

Page 34
Jitter examples for different Jitter Distributions
Different types of jitter ϕ(t) in S(t)=P(Asin(2πfDt+ϕ(t)))

ϕ(t ) = mess
ϕ(t ) = square wave

ϕ(t ) = A Appl sin (2 π fJ t) .

ϕ(t ) = DDJ Only

ϕ(t ) = pulse

Page 35
Jitter Examples Continued

A DCD B ISI

C RJ (gaussian)l D Sinusoidal E ISI and DCD

Page 36
Jitter Primer: Topics to be Covered

1. Definition and Description of Jitter

2. Understanding Jitter, its Components, and Separation

3. Jitter Measurement Methods and Tools

Page 37
Which Eye Has Worse Jitter?

A B
You can’t know unless you measure the Total
Jitter or measure the jitter components!

Page 38
Jitter Measurement Solutions from Agilent
• Infiniium Scopes (up to 32 GHz):
• EZJit Software
• EZJit Plus Software
• DCA-J (86100 Series Infiniium 20-80 GHz Scopes)
• Jitter SW package
• Infiniimax Probes to 13 GHz
• N1930 Physical Layer Test System
• Vector Network Analyzer or Time Domain Reflectometer
• N4900 Series BERTs
• Bathtub curve Extrapolation and RJ/DJ Estimation
• E443x Signal Sources
• E4438C-SP1 Jitter Injection Software

Page 39
Tools to Measure/Analyze Jitter
Transmitter Media Receiver
Pattern Generator X X
X X X
Bit Error Ratio Tester
X
Vector Network analyzer
Time domain Reflectometer X

Real time oscilloscope X X

Equivalent time oscilloscope X X

Phase Noise Analyzer X

Time Interval Analyzer X X

Page 40
Jitter Tolerance Testing (w/Pattern Generators)

Pros
Low Noise (RJ) available
Standard Patterns and User Definable Patterns
Flexible for wide variety of technologies.
RJ, PJ, and DCD can be created.
Cons
Cost Range: Modestly to Highly Expensive
Intersymbol Interference is not available.
Complex sequencing not available.

Page 41
 Tolerance Testing (using a Pattern Generator)
Square Sinusoidal

Sinusoidal,
RJ and ISI*

* Created with cable length

Page 42
Jitter Analysis (BERTs)

Pros
Measures Total Jitter Directly
Can Provide good estimate of total Jitter quickly with BERTScan method
System Tool: Usable for Media analysis, receiver stress analysis
J-Bert N4903B available for jitter stress test
Cons
Expensive
Time of Measurement of Total Jitter is Long
Need an external clock provided

Page 43
Jitter Analysis: BERT BathTub Curve
Scan the sampling point across the eye

Scan the sampling point, x, across the

eye

Measure BER(x) = β(x)

x
0.5

-3
Measure the Bit Error
10
β(x) Gaussian
Tails
ratio as a function of
sampling point delay,
BER

10-6

10-9
Eye Opening at β(x) ⇒ TJβ
BER=10-12
10-12

0 0.5TB TB
Page 44
Jitter Analysis: N1951A PLTS with Vector Network Analyzers
(VNAs) or Time Domain Reflectometers (TDRs)

VNAs
Expensive
50 GHz BW available yields high
resolution
Highest Accuracy
Full Differential Analysis
analysis to show EMI, mode
conversion locations
Software Modeling and Analysis
Available
S-Parameters for modeling or to
estimate ISI contribution of path
TDRs
InExpensive
Limited by rise time of Pulse
source (35ps)
Accuracy may be sufficient in
many environments. Using
Normalization to increases
accuracy
Only magnitude TDT and TDR
Software Modeling and Analysis
Available

Page 45
N1951A VNA Measurement of XAUI Backplane

Differential Eye Diagram (from Agilent N1951A: VNA System)

Xaui Backplane differences because of transmission line length
15 inches 30 inches

Note increased striation Note degree of

because of BW limit of path eye closure

Page 46
Jitter Analysis (Real Time Oscilloscopes)
Pros
•Captures contiguous time record
•No external clock required
•Software clock recovery methods yield precise clock reconstruction
•System Tool: Usable for Debug
•Flexibility for many technologies and usually a growth path provided
•Many views provided for insight: histograms, eyes, fft, trend, data, etc
•Oscilloscope Bandwidths are going higher
Cons
•Expensive
•Limited to current BW of scope

Page 47
Agilent Infiniium Series
Oscilloscopes

 High Bandwidth Models up to 32 GHz & 80 GSa/s per channel

 Deepest memory in the market up to 2 Gpoint per channel
 MegaZoom usable deep memory
 Mixed Signal Oscilloscope (MSO) models available
 Windows-Based Easy to Use GUI
 Drag-and-Drop easurements
 Zoom box
 Wide variety of analysis options

Page 48
How Do Real Time Scopes Measure Jitter on Data: Ezjit Display

NRZ
Serial
Data

Recovered
Clock

Jitter
Trend

Jitter Units in Time

Spectrum
Units in Freq.
Jitter
Histogram

Page 49
Agilent E2681A EZJIT Jitter Measurement Application for Infiniium Oscilloscopes

Signal

Histogram

Trend

Spectrum

Page 50
Sampling Techniques

• Real Time (Single-Shot)

• Sequential Sampling (Repetitive)

Page 51
Sampling
Real Time (Single Shot) Technique
• Used with either Repetitive or Single-Shot Signals
• All Samples Are Taken From a Single Trigger
• Samples from Previous Triggers are Erased
• Sample Rate May Limit Scope’s Overall Bandwidth
• Best Resolution Depends Directly on Sample Rate

Each
Trigger
Identical
Page 52
Sampling
Sequential Sampling Technique
• Used ONLY with Repetitive Signals
• One Sample is taken for each Trigger
• Multiple Trigger Events Build Up Waveform
• Used in High Speed Applications with BW >10GHz
• No Pre-Trigger Information

1st Trigger
2nd Trigger
3rd Trigger

Page 53
Jitter Analysis (Equivalent Time Sampling Oscilloscopes)

Pros
InExpensive
Bandwidth is Highest Available
Noise floor is good
TDR options for media analysis
Flexibility for increasing rates
Industry leading jitter separation algorithm (DCA-J)
Cons
External Clock or Clock related trigger is required or
Hardware Clock Recovery Module

Page 54
Jitter Analysis (Equivalent Time Oscilloscopes)
A

Page 55
 J TJ = n × J rms
RJ
+ J PP
DJ

Which Eye Has Worse Jitter? = 14 × σ + J PP

DJ

A B

Page 56
Jitter Measurements on an equivalent Time
Sampling Oscilloscope, 86100C DCA-J

Completely new technique for jitter analysis

Pattern Lock + Eyeline
internally generated pattern trigger + individual trajectories /
averaged eyes
 Jitter Mode – jitter analysis at any data rate!
“Swiss army knife”
• Wide bandwidth scope
• eye-diagram analysis
• Time Domain Reflectometer
• Jitter analyzer
Page 57
DCA-J Measurement Architecture
• Eliminate historical weaknesses
• New triggering hardware enables efficient sampling
• Built in pattern trigger – Pattern Lock

• Determines pattern length and counts clock pulses

• Enables precise sampling position within the eye so every
sample is used for jitter analysis
• Minimizes errors from timebase delay
Page 58
 Correlated TJ Uncorr

Separate Correlated and Uncorrelated Jitter DJ RJ

DDJ PJ
ISI DCD

Uncorrelated:
• Counter hardware focuses samples on edges
• Pattern lock – focus on specific edges
• Analyze jitter uncorrelated to the pattern:
random jitter and periodic jitter (RJ ∗ PJ)

Correlated:
• Pattern lock – average every
edge
• Analyze jitter correlated to the
pattern:
data dependent jitter (DDJ)

Page 59
 Correlated TJ Uncorr

Data Dependent Jitter (DDJ) DJ RJ

DDJ PJ
Average out the uncorrelated jitter using Pattern ISI DCD
Lock
• Isolates data-correlated contributions only

Measure mean position of every edge in pattern

• Ideal edge position defined mean of means

Obtain DDJ vs. Bit record of edge positions

• DDJ for a given edge is the difference
between its average position and the ideal
• Peak-to-peak DDJ is difference between
earliest edge and latest edge

Build histograms for

• All edges
• Rising edges
• Falling edges

Page 60
 Correlated TJ Uncorr
Duty Cycle Distortion (DCD) &
DJ RJ

Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) DDJ PJ

ISI DCD
• Isolate rising edge data from falling edge data
• Difference of average locations is JDCD
µFalling - µRising|
• |µ
• Maximum of the peak-to-peak values is JISI
• Max (P-to-PFalling , P-to-PRising)

µF µR
DCD

P-PF

P-PR
DDJ
Page 61
 Correlated TJ Uncorr

Data-Uncorrelated Jitter DDJ

DJ RJ

PJ
Focus on only one edge at a time ISI DCD
• Isolates uncorrelated contributions

Counter hardware provides

precise periodic sampling
Build a time sampled record Late

• Periodic samples of uncorrelated jitter

Jitter
Time

Early

Build a histogram of uncorrelated jitter

• RJ, PJ Histogram

Page 62
 Correlated TJ Uncorr

Random Jitter (RJ) DDJ

DJ RJ

PJ
ISI DCD
Late
Jitter

Time

Early
FFT time sampled record
• Aliased jitter frequency spectrum
• Shows RJ & PJ – PJ appears as spikes

PJ spikes NOT Remove PJ spikes from spectrum

used to derive • Interpolate across gaps left behind
PJ value • Resultant spectrum is made up of RJ

Integrate ‘noise’ power in resultant spectrum…

• This is the random jitter (RJ)

Page 63
 Correlated TJ Uncorr

Periodic Jitter (PJ) DJ RJ

DDJ PJ
ISI DCD

Take RJ info from FFT and construct a Dual

Dirac-delta model with appropriate slopes

Match Dual Dirac-delta model to RJ, PJ

histogram so that peak-peak widths match for
99.8% of volume

Separation (offset) of two Gaussians

corresponding to the match is the
periodic jitter (PJ).

Page 64
 Correlated TJ Uncorr

Deterministic Jitter (DJ) and DDJ

DJ RJ

PJ

Total Jitter (TJ) RJ, PJ

ISI DCD

DDJ
• DDJ histogram (Data-Correlated)
and RJ, PJ histogram (Data-
Uncorrelated) are measured
directly
• Convolution of these histograms
produces a histogram *
representing the PDF of all of the Aggregate
jitter present – Total Jitter Jitter
histogram

Page 65
 Correlated Uncorr
Deterministic Jitter (DJ) and TJ

DJ RJ
Total Jitter (TJ) DDJ PJ
ISI DCD

DJ Take RJ info from FFT and construct a Dual

Dirac-delta model with appropriate slopes

Match Dual Dirac-delta model to TJ histogram so that

peak-peak widths match for 99.8% of volume
• Same technique as used to get PJ from RJ, PJ PDF

DJ
Separation (offset) of two Gaussians
corresponding to the match is the
deterministic jitter (DJ)

Extrapolate down the resultant Dual Dirac-

delta model to the effective BER of interest
(typically 10-12) peak-to-peak deviation is TJ

Page 66
Seeing the Complete Jitter Picture

Page 67
New: N5400A EZJIT Plus Jitter Separation
= DCA-J algorithm on a real-time oscilloscope

Page 68
N5400A EZJIT+ simplifies jitter compliance

Page 69
EZJIT and EZJIT Plus Measurements
• E2681A EZJIT Jitter Analysis • N5400A EZJIT Plus Additions*
• Single-Source • RJ/DJ Separation Components
• Period • Random jitter (RJ)
• Frequency • Deterministic jitter (DJ)
• Positive/Negative pulse width • Data-dependent jitter
• Duty cycle • Inter-symbol interference (ISI)
• Rise/Fall time • Duty cycle distortion (DCD)
• Dual-source • Periodic jitter
• Setup/Hold time • Total jitter at user-selectable bit error rate
• Phase • Display Views
• Clock • RJ/PJ histogram
• Time-interval error (TIE)
• TJ histogram
• Cycle-to-cycle jitter
• DDJ histogram
• N-cycle jitter
• Cycle-cycle positive/negative pulse width • Composite histogram (TJ, DDJ, RJ/PJ)
• Cycle-cycle duty cycle • Jitter spectrum (zoomable)
• Data • DDJ vs. bit (for repeating patterns)
• Time-interval error (TIE) • Bathtub curve (eye-opening vs. BER)
• Data rate
• N5400A and E2681A common display views
• Unit Interval
• Measurement trend
• Histogram
• Jitter spectrum *N5400A includes all features of E2681A
as well as the following

Page 70
Summary
• Jitter is a complex phenomena and understanding and measuring it can be as
well.
• Having a Total Jitter to achieve a desired Bit Error Ratio is the main goal for any
digital interface.
• Jitter Separation is an Enterprise Jitter methodology to deliver an estimate of
Total Jitter quickly.
• There are many methods to separate jitter in our next paper we will see they can
give different results. The results for TJ are often 15-25% in error—almost
always an overestimate of TJ.
• There are many tools that can be used in the testing for jitter. Which ones you
select are dependent on your tasks, future projects, size, and your comfort level.
www.agilent.com/find/jitter Jitter meas. solutions
www.agilent.com/find/jitter_info Jitter app. info.
www.agilent.com/find/si Signal Integrity Solutions

Page 71
Results Agilent Jitter Accuracy Study (Jitterfest 3)

TJ Estimate vs Actual TJ
300
BERT

225
Fast TJ Estimate (ps)

TRUE
DCA-J
DSO81304A/N5400A EZJIT Plus

150

75

0
0 50 100 150 200 250
Actual TJ (ps)

Page 72
 AGENDA
1. Jitter:
I. Definition and Description of Jitter
II. Understanding Jitter, its Components, and Separation
III. Jitter Measurement Methods and Tools

2. Actual jitter measurements

Page 73
 Actual Jitter Measurements
• 86100D as jitter analyzer
• 81134A as pattern generaror
• Demo 1: measure ISI jitter with bnc cable as “ISI injector”
• Demo 2 : measure uncorrelated Pj and Resolve Pj frequencies
with MXG as uncorrelated Pj source

Page 74
 •Questions?

Page 75