Experiment No.

11

Objective: To design a Common Base and common collector BJT Amplifier

Apparatus:
DC power supply, Oscilloscope, Function Generator, Multimeter, Breadboard, NPN transistor, Resistor

Circuit Diagram:

Cin Cout

R R R
rs V V
E C L
EE C
C

AC

vs

Theory:

A common base amplifier provides good voltage gain to small signal applied as input; but can’t amplify current. The
performance is largely dependent on internal resistance of ac source as input AC voltage divides between source resistance
and small re.

Emitter resistance RE is calculated using input loop equation:

𝑉EE = 𝐼E𝑅E + 𝑉BE

Collector resistance RC is calculated using output loop equation:

𝑉CC − 𝐼C𝑅C − 𝑉CE − 𝐼E𝑅E = 0

Resistance of emitter region is calculated using:

26𝑚
𝑟e = 𝑉
𝐼E
Rc
Stage voltage gain is calculated by taking into account unloaded voltage gain i.e. and the loading effect on both input
re ||RE
and output sides:
[𝐴vc = ( 𝑅𝑟c||𝑅 L) 𝑟e ||𝑅E
||𝑅 ]
e E 𝑟e ||𝑅E + 𝑟𝑠

Similarly, Stage current gain is calculated by taking into account unloaded current gain i.e. 𝛼 and loading effect on both
input and output sides:
𝐴ic = 𝛼 ( 𝑅E ) ( 𝑅C )
𝑟 +𝑅 𝑅C + 𝑅L
e E

Procedure:
Design values of resistors using following given data:
VCC=VEE= 15V, VCE=VCC/2, IC= 10mA, β=100, rs=50Ω, RL=1kΩ

Connect your designed circuit on breadboard

Apply AC input and vary its magnitude from 500mV to 3V with a uniform step size
v
Measure output voltage using oscilloscope, your measured stage voltage gain is
L

vc

Compare measured and calculated stage voltage gain and calculate percentage error

Observations:

Vs VL Avs Ais
Calculated Measured %age Error Calculated Measured %age Error
500mV 4 8.57 4/0.5 9.375% 0.44 1.42/3.21 0
1V 7.85 8.57 7.85/1 11.4649% 0.44 2.81/6.32 0
1.5V 10.25 8.57 10.25/1.5 28.67% 0.44 3.86/8.73 0
2V 11.60 8.57 11.60/2 66.667% 0.44 4.47/10.1 0
2.5V 12 8.57 12/2.5 82.291% 0.44 4.82/11.2 0
3V 12.5 8.57 12.5/3 113.78% 0.44 2.99/12.1 0

Circuit Diagram:

Theory:

Common Collector amplifier can amplify current substantially but the output voltage remain the same as input and hence
called voltage follower. The amplifier is usually used as a final stage of a multistage amplifier setup and in IC operational
amplifier.

Emitter resistance RE can be calculated using:

𝑉E = 𝐼E𝑅E

As voltage of Base is 0.7V greater than voltage of Emitter for an NPN transistor (BEJ is forward biased):
 𝑉B = 𝑉E + 0.7
Resistor R2 is calculated as rule of thumb:
𝛽𝑅E
𝑅2 <
10

Resistor R1 is calculated using voltage divider theorem at inut:

𝑅2
𝑉B = (
𝑅1 )𝑉
+ 𝑅2 CC
Small resistance of Emitter region is calculated as
26𝑚
𝑟e = 𝑉
𝐼E
RE
Stage voltage gain is calculated by taking into account unloaded voltage gain i.e. and the loading effect on both
R1||R2||RE
input and output sides:
𝑅 ||𝑅 ) 𝑅1 ||𝑅2 ||𝛽(𝑟e + 𝑅E ||𝑅L ) 𝑅E||𝑅L
𝐴vc = ( [||𝑅E ||𝑅L ||𝑅 ] ( )
𝑅
E L 1
2 𝑅1 ||𝑅2 ||𝛽(𝑟e + 𝑅E ||𝑅L ) + 𝑟𝑠 𝑅E||𝑅L + 𝑟e

Similarly, Stage current gain is calculated by taking into account unloaded current gain i.e. 𝛽 + 1 and loading effect on both
input and output sides:

𝐴ic = 𝛽 ( 𝑅1||𝑅2 𝑅E
𝛽(𝑟
+ 𝑅 ||𝑅 ) + 𝑅 ||𝑅) (𝑅 + 𝑅 )
e E L 1 2 E L

Procedure:
Design values of resistors using the following given data:
VCC=+ 15V, IC= 10mA, β=100, VE=0.1VCC, rs=50Ω, RL=1kΩ

Connect your designed circuit on breadboard

Apply AC input and vary its magnitude from 500mV to 3V with a uniform step size
v L
Measure output voltage using oscilloscope, your measured stage voltage gain is
vc

Compare measured and calculated stage voltage gain and calculate percentage error

Observations:

Vs VL Avs Ais
Calculated Measured %age Error Calculated Measured %age Error
500mV 500m 1.03 1 3% 0.17/0.03
1V 1 1.03 1 3% 0.34/0.06
1.5V 1.5 1.03 1 3% 0.51/0.10
2V 2 1.03 1 3% 0.68/0.14
2.5V 2.49 1.03 0.996 2.99% 0.86/0.17
3V 3 1.03 1 3% 1.02/0.21
 Conclusion/ Comments:

Circuit A:

Circuit B: