Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
GROUP 1
Definition
LES is a systemic autoimmune disease
characterized by the presence of
autoantibodies against autoantigens,
formation of immune complexes, and
dysregulation of the immune system,
causing damage to several organs of the
body. The LES can attack one or more
organ systems.
Diagnosis
conduct questions and answers,
physical examination and supporting
examinations that will be done to
confirm lupus are lab tests (blood
tests, urine tests, biopsy),
ANTINUCLEAR ANTIBODY and scans, such
as X-rays.
Treatment
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs), anti-malarial drugs,
corticosteroids, immunosuppressant
drugs, biological agents, such as
belimumab and rituximab. And the
important things is healthy lifestyle.
Pathophysiology
The pathogenesis of SLE consists of three
phases, namely the initiation phase, the
propagation phase and the flares phase. Lupus
initiation begins with events that initiate cell
death by apoptosis in a proimmune context.
This incident is caused by various agents
which are actually quite common exposures in
humans, but can initiate disease because of
the susceptibility of SLE patients. The
prophagase phase is characterized by
autoantibody activity in causing tissue injury.
Autoantibodies in lupus can cause tissue
injury by
Prevent
Avoiding exposure to direct sunlight, Managing stress in a positive way, Trying to reduce the
risk of infection, a healthy lifestyle, Carrying out routine control to the doctor.
Etiology
The cause of lupus is not certain. A
combination of genetic and environmental
and hormones, infectious diseases and
drugsfactors is often associated with the
development of lupus.
Symptoms
Joint pain and stiffness, rashes on the skin
that often occur on the cheeks and nose,
fatigue, skin is more sensitive to sunlight,
weight loss, fever without cause, pale in the
fingers or toes, thrush, shortness of breath,
dry mouth and eyes, chest pain, headache,
confusion, memory loss.
Type
• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which is lupus
that occurs in the skin, joints, kidneys (lupus
nephritis), lungs, heart, and nervous system
• Cutaneous lupus erythematosus, which is lupus
that only occurs on the skin
• Drug induced lupus, which is lupus that occurs due
to the use of drugs, such as terbinafine,
phenytoin, procainamide, hydroxyzine
• Neonatal lupus, which is a rare type of lupus that
only occurs in newborns
Complication
kidney failure, seizures, vasculitis, pleurisy,
pericarditis, prone to infectious diseases, and
avascular necrosis or death of bone tissue
1.Formation and generation of immune complexes
2.Binding to extracellular molecules in target
organs and activating inflammatory effector
functions at these sites, and
3.Directly inducing cell death by ligating surface
molecules. or penetration into living cells.
The peak phase reflects immunological memory,
appearing in response to fighting the immune
system with the first antigen appearing.
Apoptosis occurs not only during cell formation
and homeostasis but also in various diseases,
including SLE. So, various stimuli can provoke
the peak of the disease.