FINAL EXAMINATION

NAME: MARJORIE D PILON COURSE: PHD

PROFESSOR: MAGDALENA LAZARO
1. What are the qualities of an effective leader?
 Great leaders find the balance between foresight, performance, and character. They have
vision, courage, integrity, humility and focus along with the ability to plan strategically
and catalyze cooperation amongst their team. For me there are 5 qualities that will make
a leader effective. FIRST, A leader must be VISIONARY. Great leaders have a
vision… They can see into the future.They have a clear, exciting idea of where they are
going and what they are trying to accomplish and are excellent at strategic planning.This
quality separates them from managers. Having a clear vision turns the individual into a
special type of person. This quality of vision changes a “transactional manager” into a
“transformational leader.” SECOND, an effective leader is COURAGEOUS. One of the
more important qualities of a good leader is courage. Having the quality of courage
means that you are willing to take risks in the achievement of your goals with no
assurance of success. Because there is no certainty in life , every commitment you make
and every action you take entails a risk of some kind.THIRD, an effective leader has
INTEGRITY/TRANSPARENT. In every strategic planning session that I have
conducted for school programs, projects and activities, the first value that stakeholders,
learners and parents is looking is integrity. They all agree on the importance of complete
honesty in everything they do, both internally and externally. The core of integrity is
truthfulness. Integrity requires that you always tell the truth, to all people, in every
situation. Truthfulness is the foundation quality of the trust that is necessary for the
success in school. FOURTH is an effective leader is HUMBLE AND A GOOD ROLE
MODEL. Humility doesn’t mean that you’re weak or unsure of yourself. It means that
you have the self-confidence and self-awareness to recognize the value of others without
feeling threatened. This is one of the rarer attributes – or traits – of good leaders because
it requires containment of one’s ego. It means that you are willing to admit you could be
wrong, that you recognize you may not have all the answers. And it means that you give
credit where credit is due – – which many people struggle to do. AND LASTLY, a good
leader keeps a POSITIVE ATTITUDE. Top people maintain a positive attitude and are
long-term thinkers. Average thinkers think only about the present, and about immediate
gratification.
But great leaders think about where they want to be in five and ten years, and what they
have to do each hour of each day to make their desired futures a reality. Great leaders
inspire other people, their friends, customer, associates and even their children because
they are inspired themselves.

2. Discuss briefly the dissertation proposal.

Introduction. Most academic papers usually start with this section. You can use it to demonstrate
the background of the topic to your readers, provide a thesis statement, and your study’s
objectives. You should also outline questions that you are going to answer in your dissertation
research proposal.
 Review of the Literature. In this section, you should provide a basic review of the literature and
other data sources that you are going to use when writing your paper. Students often put the
research description, framework, and review of research into the review of the literature section.

Methodology. The structure of this section can be different, except for its beginning and end.
You can start it with the introduction, research design and questions, describe the setting and
participants of the study, provide information on data collection and analysis, and finish it with
the conclusion. There can also be such sections as a research hypothesis, as well as setting and
sample.

Data Analysis or Research findings. This section helps you to show what information you
already have and are going to use for your paper. Make sure you organize your findings list in
accordance with the research objectives given in previous sections.

Conclusion. The conclusion can include a summary of your thesis proposal. It should also
contain conclusions based on your research and be organized like the introduction. This section
can contain a discussion of your work and provide suggestions for future research.

References. This contains all the list of learning materials /resource material that includes the
title of books, article, researche with the authors and year published.

Appendices. This section includes all the attachment or relevant information utilized in the
research such as research tool, letters and other important matters.

3. Explain the following characteristics of a sound business plan.

a. Objective -A business plan is the compass that guides your business through its journey to
growth and success. The most important components of business plans are business goals
and objectives. Without these, business plan is simply empty. Well-chosen goals and
objectives keep a new business on track.

b. Clear, logical, simple- A goods plan must be simple and comprehensive. When the plan is
simple, all employees of the organisation can know its significance and it can be easily put
into operation, which leads to achieve objective. When creating your business plan, you need
to be specific. Many times, you’ll have to think about what your business will look like in
several years. It’s crucial that you make all your information as precise as you can. This
 includes setting deadlines for your goals. Procrastination is human, and you’re much more
likely to take actions if you’ve set a strict date for yourself and others to see.

c. Controllable – IN a good business plan, situations and other variables should be easily
identified, well-planned so that in times of crisis, issues and concerns can be easily addressed
because of the controlled data being identified before the implementation.

d. Flexible- Planning should be flexible enough to incorporate any changes in the resources, if
necessary. Additionally, it should be responsive to changed conditions so that if future events
do not follow the anticipation, the same plan can be modified and adopted to the altered
situation.

e. Stable - This is very important because business plans are always wrong. They’re done by
humans, who are guessing the future, and humans guess wrong. So business plans must
clearly show assumptions up front because changed assumptions ought to lead to revised
plans. You identify assumptions and keep them visible during the following planning process
to make a plan be stable.

4. Enumerate the different models of human behavior and discuss.

These are the models of human behavior:
a. BIOLOGICAL MODEL - According to this approach, there is a direct correlation between
brain activity and cognition,biochemical imbalances can affect behaviour, brain physiology
can affect behaviour, behaviour can be inherited (as it is determined by genetic information).
b. PSYCHOANALYTIC MODEL -Psychoanalysis is concerned with the unconscious basis
for behaviours, phobias, desires and anxieties. This theory explains human behavior in terms
of the interaction of various components of personality. Psychoanalytic theory is the theory of
personality organization and the dynamics of personality development that guides
psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology. Psychopathology is the study
of abnormal cognitions, behaviour and experiences which differs according to social norms
and rests upon a number of constructs that are deemed to be the social norm at any particular
era.
c. THE BEHAVIORIST MODEL-Behaviorism is a theory of human psychology that suggests
that all behaviors are acquired through the process of conditioning. According to this
 approach to psychology, it is our interactions with our environments that shape what we
learn, who we are, and how we act.
d. COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL MODEL-is concerned with helping people get rid of
negative thinking, feelings, and behaviors. According to this model, external events influence
an individual’s emotions. But the emotions of people are many times influenced by personal
beliefs. The emotions and behavior of people are not affected by the result of the
accumulation of events. They are influenced by how events are evaluated and processed by
an individual.
e. HUMANISTIC MODEL- Humanistic psychologists look at human behavior not only
through the eyes of the observer, but through the eyes of the person doing the behaving- “Self
Actualization”. The humanistic approach in psychology developed as a rebellion against what
some psychologists saw as the limitations of the behaviorist and psycho-dynamic psychology