Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Divison of Cebu Province
District of Minglanilla II
Manduang Integrated School

SCIENCE 7

POINTERS
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Scientific Ways of Acquiring Knowledge and Solving Problems
BASIC STEPS OF SCIENTIFIC METHOD
1. MAKE OBSERVATIONS
- There are tons of everyday activities that would make cool science experiments using the scientific
method. A student noticed that ice melted fast in water.
2. COME UP WITH A QUESTION
- The students’ observations should lead to some sort of questions. Does ice melt faster in different
liquids? Curiosity on what happens to the ice in liquids is a simple science experiment perfect for using the
scientific method.
3. DEVELOP A HYPOTHESIS OR PREDICTION
- You have made your observations and you have your questions. Now you need to make a prediction
about what you think will happen next. A hypothesis is not simply a guess!
- A hypothesis is an educated guess or tentative answer to a problem. The student thinks that ice will
melt faster in juice than it will in water. Maybe he just wants to get a drink of juice out of it.
Example: 1. What happens to the growth of mongo seeds if table salt was added to the soil?
2. Tomato seeds may grow faster in colder temperature.
Hypothesis: 1. If the amount of salt added to the soil increases, then the growth of mongo seeds decreases.
2. If tomato seeds were planted in colder temperature, then the seeds will grow at a faster rate.
Variables
Identifying and controlling variables involve the process of deciding which variables or factors will
influence the outcome of an experiment, situation or event and deliberately control all recognized variables in a
systematic manner.
Variables in an experiment may be independent or dependent. The variable that is being manipulated or
controlled is called independent variable. The dependent variable changes because of a test. It is the effect
that arises from the changes in the independent variable.

4. CONDUCT AN EXPERIMENT OR TEST THE HYPOTHESIS

- We made a prediction that ice will melt faster in juice than in water, and now we must test our
hypothesis. We set up an experiment with a glass of juice, a glass of water and an ice cube for each.
- For the best experiments, only one thing should change! Here, we are changing the type of liquid we
use but keeping the ice cube, the temperature, and measurements of the liquid the same. If too many factors
change at once, you cannot accurately state what the results are.
- The liquids should be roughly the same temperature (as close as possible) and measured to the same
amount, so we left them out to come to room temperature. This could also be tested right out of the fridge!
Set up a stopwatch or set a time limit to observe the changes!
 5. RECORD AND ANALYZE THE RESULTS
- Make sure to record what is happening as well as the results. Note changes at specific time intervals
or after one set time interval. When each ice cube is completely melted, add drawings if you wish at the end
results. Was your prediction accurate? If it is not accurate, state the reason/s.
6. DRAW CONCLUSIONS
- This is the opportunity to talk about your hypothesis, your experiment, your results, and your
conclusion which is the final answer to your problem or experiment!

Quarter 1 – Module 2: Elements Are Like Spices, When Mixed Together, They Become Better

Elements and Compounds are all around us. Elements are made up of atom or atoms of the same kind.
They are the simplest type of matter and cannot be broken down into components. Each element is made
entirely from one type of atom. Each element is unique, and no two elements have the same set of properties.
Some are in the same state, but they have different properties. Some elements are metals like iron, gold, and
silver. Others are nonmetals like Nitrogen, Oxygen and Hydrogen. There are elements that are metalloids like
Boron, Silicon and Germanium.
Compounds are combination of two or more elements like water which is a combination of Hydrogen and
Oxygen; salt which is made up of sodium and chlorine; and rusts formed when an iron reacts with oxygen.
Compounds can be broken down into its components through a chemical process and formed when two elements
are combined. It has unique properties that are different from the properties of the elements that make them
up.

Quarter 1- Module 3 Two Worlds Apart: Pure Substances vs Mixtures

Pure Substances are one of the classes of matter. Substances are homogeneous or with uniform
composition and appearance are the same all throughout. The temperature of a substance is fixed and sharp.
During melting, a substance melts completely/smoothly within a short time.

In pure substances, the components are chemically combined. The component parts are difficult to
separate except for water. During the process called electrolysis or by-passing electric current the
components Hydrogen (H) and Oxygen (O) of water are separated.

Substances and mixtures are classes of matter. Mixtures are heterogeneous or without uniform
composition and appearance are not the same all throughout. The temperature of a mixture is different at
different times. During melting, a mixture has portions that seem to be not melting.

There are a lot of ways to separate mixtures. Physical manipulation separates using a spoon or any
scooping material or by picking. The use of magnet can be done to separate the metallic materials from
nonmetallic materials. Filtration is the separation of an insoluble solid from a liquid mixture using filter paper.
In decantation, the large particles of insoluble solid are separated from the liquid mixture. Evaporation
separates the soluble solid from the liquid component of the solution by evaporating the liquid substance.