Multiplex-Diagnosis MPX Signal Bean and Avc Lan

Multiplex Diagnosis
Quick Training Guide – QT611D
ENTER
Click the ENTER button to view the Quick Training Guide.
©Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc., August 14, 2014

Toyota Multiplex Diagnosis
Quick Training Guide QT611D
General Information Oscilloscope Patterns
Click the tabs at the top and side to view each section
General Information: Protocol Comparison
A “protocol” is the set of rules and standards for communication between components.
Protocol Comparison
BEAN AVC-LAN
CAN LIN AVC-LAN
Protocol (TOYOTA (TOYOTA SIL MOST
(ISO Standard) (Consortium) Plus
Original) Original)
HDD Audio, HDD Audio,
Body Body Non-CAN
Application Power Train Audio Realtime Realtime Traffic
Electrical Electrical Diagnostics
Traffic
Communication 500 kbps (HS)*
10 kbps 9.6 kbps 17.8 kbps 10 kbps 7.5 Mbps 50 Mbps
Speed 250 kbps (MS)
Multiplex Topology
Automotive Automotive Shielded Automotive Shielded Shielded
Communication
Vinyl (AV) Twisted-pair wire Vinyl (AV) Twisted-pair Vinyl (AV) Twisted-pair Twisted-pair
Wire
Single Wire Single Wire wire Single Wire wire wire
Single Wire
Differential Single Wire Differential Single Wire Differential Differential
Drive Type Voltage
Voltage Drive Voltage Drive Voltage Drive Voltage Drive Voltage Drive Voltage Drive
Drive
2.5v - 3.5v CANH Source 2v - 3v TX+ 0.2v – 0.6v
Voltage 10+ volts 6-7 volts
2.5v - 1.5v CANL Voltage 2v - 3v TX- TX+ to TX-
Ring/Daisy
Configuration Bus Star Star Bus Ring Ring
Chain
Sleep/Wake-up Available Available Available N.A. N.A. N/A Available
MPX1/2, MI+/-, MO+/-
Terminal Name CAN H, CAN L LIN TX+/- SIL TXI+/-, TXO+/-
MPX+/- WUO, WUI
BEAN: Body Electronics Area Network AVC-LAN: Audio Visual Communication - Local Area Network * Up to 1 Mbps
CAN: Controller Area Network SIL: Serial Interconnect Line
LIN: Local Interconnect Network MOST: Media-oriented System Transport
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Bus Topology Star Topology Ring Topology Daisy Chain Topology
General Information: Multiplex Topology
Protocol Comparison
Topology describes the pattern of physical connections between components on a network. This may also be called network architecture.
Bus Topology
Multiplex Topology
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General Information: Multiplex Topology
Protocol Comparison
Star Topology
Multiplex Topology
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Multiplex Topology
Protocol Comparison
Ring Topology
Multiplex Topology
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Multiplex Topology
Protocol Comparison
Daisy Chain Topology
Multiplex Topology
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Normal BEAN Signal Dual Trace - Normal BEAN Dual Trace - Open BEAN BEAN Short to Ground
BEAN (Body Electronics Area Network) Oscilloscope Patterns
BEAN
Normal BEAN Signal
BEAN uses a single wire voltage drive protocol. The BEAN communication signal varies from zero to a nominal 10 volts. The circuit is at rest
when at zero volts.
CAN
LIN
AVC-LAN
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BEAN
Dual Trace - Normal BEAN
When a BEAN network is operating normally, oscilloscope probes can be placed at any point on the network and the signal patterns will be
perfectly identical. That’s because the network is continuous and the signal at any point is the same.
CAN
LIN
AVC-LAN
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BEAN
Dual Trace - Open BEAN
An open circuit in a bus segment of a BEAN network separates the network into two parts. Similarly, two opens in the ring portion of the
network also separate the network into two parts. Now the network is no longer continuous.
Though separated into two different networks, the ECUs on each half continue to communicate with each other. The result is different BEAN
CAN
communication signals on the two halves.
LIN
AVC-LAN
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BEAN
BEAN Short to Ground
When any communication bus is shorted to ground, the ECUs are unable to raise the line voltage to send signals. The line voltage is flat-lined at 0V.
Locating a Short to Ground

If normal communication resumes when half the circuit is disconnected, the location of the short to ground is in the part of the network that was
CAN
disconnected. Continue isolating sections of the network until you find the exact location of the short to ground.
LIN
AVC-LAN
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Short CANH or Short CANH or CANL Open in CANH or Open in CANH and
Normal CAN Signal Short CANH to CANL CANL to B+ to Ground CANL (Main Bus) CANL (Main Bus)
CAN (Controller Area Network) Oscilloscope Patterns
BEAN
Normal CAN Signal
The characteristics of a normal CAN signal are:

• CANH and CANL idle at 2.5V.
• Data signals appear in periodic bursts.
CAN
• CANH signal ranges between 2.5V and 3.5V.
• CANL signal ranges between 2.5V and 1.5V.
• The CANH and CANL signals are mirror images of each other.
LIN
AVC-LAN
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BEAN
Short CANH to CANL
When CANH and CANL are shorted together, it is impossible to generate a differential voltage on the two lines. The matching high and low
voltage pulses sent by the ECUs cancel each other.
This condition is indicated by a flat line at 2.5 volts.
CAN
LIN
AVC-LAN
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BEAN
Short CANH or CANL to B+
Shorting CANH to B+ boosts the circuit’s idling voltage from 2.5V to battery voltage. Though the ECUs in the circuit are unable to raise CANH
voltage above B+, they are able to lower CANL enough to create a voltage differential and the appearance of communication.
When CANL is connected to B+, the circuit’s idling voltage becomes battery voltage. The ECUs cannot drag the CANL line voltage lower
CAN
because it is connected directly to B+, nor can they raise the CANH line voltage above B+. The voltage spikes on the line are not interpreted as
communication and none of the ECUs appear in the CAN bus check.
Measuring CANH and CANL with a DVOM would likely show both lines very close to B+.
LIN
AVC-LAN
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BEAN
Short CANH or CANL to Ground
Grounding the CANH side of the CAN bus brings the idling voltage of both lines to 0V. With CANH tied to ground, the ECUs cannot generate
a positive voltage on the line. On the CANL line, the ECUs can’t create a pulse lower than 0V. The spikes on the line are not interpreted as
communication and none of the ECUs appear in a CAN bus check.
CAN
Grounding the CANL side of the CAN bus brings the idling voltage of both lines to 0V. With CANL tied to ground, the ECUs cannot generate a
positive voltage on the line. On the CANH line, the ECUs can’t create a readable pulse above 0 volts. Measuring CANH and CANL with a DVOM
would likely show both lines very close to B+.
LIN
AVC-LAN
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BEAN
Open in CANH or CANL (Main Bus)
With an open in either CANH or CANL on the main bus, part of the circuit loses its connection with one of the terminating resistors. The purpose
of the resistors is to help keep signals from “bouncing” and generating noise. Though these waveforms show apparent communication, you can
tell the circuits have a problem because:
• Idling voltage is NOT 2.5V
CAN
• CANH voltage range is NOT 2.5V to 3V
• CANL voltage range is NOT 2.5V to 1.5V
LIN
AVC-LAN
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BEAN
Open in CANH and CANL (Main Bus)
With opens in both CANH and CANL on the main bus, the circuit is divided into two parts, each having only one terminating resistor. As in the
previous example, this introduces noise into the circuit.
CAN
LIN
AVC-LAN
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Normal LIN Signal LIN Short to Ground
LIN (Local Interconnect Network) Oscilloscope Patterns
BEAN
Normal LIN Signal
CAN
LIN
AVC-LAN
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Normal LIN Signal LIN Short to Ground
LIN (Local Interconnect Network) Oscilloscope Patterns
BEAN
LIN Short to Ground
Locating a Short to Ground

If normal communication resumes when half the circuit is disconnected, the location of the short to ground is in the part of the network that was
CAN
disconnected. Continue isolating sections of the network until you find the exact location of the short to ground.
LIN
AVC-LAN
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AVC-LAN (A/V Communication - Local Area Network) Oscilloscope Patterns

• AVC-LAN has high and low voltage signaling circuits that are referred to as TX+ and TX-.
• With power disconnected, there should be approximately 60 ohms between TX+ and TX- everywhere in the AVC-LAN circuit.
BEAN
• TX+ idles at approximately 2.7 volts and rises to approximately 3 volts when active.
• TX- Idles at approximately 2.7 volts and rises to approximately 2.8 volts when active.
• The AVC-LAN component with the lowest device ID is the master.
• Slave devices connect to the Master directly, or through another slave via a pass through circuit.
CAN
LIN
AVC-LAN is idling here. TX+ and
TX- are almost identical with the
voltage approximately 2.7 volts.
AVC-LAN
3.2 volts
to
2.2 volts
AVC-LAN is communicating here.

TX+ and TX- are both pulled high.
TX+ is approximately 2.95 volts.
TX- is approximately 2.75 volts.
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Multiplex Diagnosis

Quick Training Guide – QT611D

Click the ENTER button to view the Quick Training Guide.

©Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc., August 14, 2014

©Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc., August 14, 2014

Bus Topology Star Topology Ring Topology Daisy Chain Topology

General Information: Multiplex Topology

Bus Topology Star Topology Ring Topology Daisy Chain Topology

General Information: Multiplex Topology

Bus Topology Star Topology Ring Topology Daisy Chain Topology

Bus Topology Star Topology Ring Topology Daisy Chain Topology

Daisy Chain Topology

BEAN (Body Electronics Area Network) Oscilloscope Patterns

BEAN (Body Electronics Area Network) Oscilloscope Patterns

BEAN (Body Electronics Area Network) Oscilloscope Patterns

BEAN (Body Electronics Area Network) Oscilloscope Patterns

Locating a Short to Ground

CAN (Controller Area Network) Oscilloscope Patterns

The characteristics of a normal CAN signal are:

CAN (Controller Area Network) Oscilloscope Patterns

This condition is indicated by a flat line at 2.5 volts.

CAN (Controller Area Network) Oscilloscope Patterns

CAN (Controller Area Network) Oscilloscope Patterns

CAN (Controller Area Network) Oscilloscope Patterns

CAN (Controller Area Network) Oscilloscope Patterns

Normal LIN Signal LIN Short to Ground

LIN (Local Interconnect Network) Oscilloscope Patterns

Normal LIN Signal LIN Short to Ground

LIN (Local Interconnect Network) Oscilloscope Patterns

Locating a Short to Ground

AVC-LAN (A/V Communication - Local Area Network) Oscilloscope Patterns

AVC-LAN is communicating here.

©Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc., August 14, 2014

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