Jay Adrian M. Lozano Oct.

15, 2020

G-12 Bezos

PRE-TEST

As part of your initial activity, you will be challenged to test your knowledge on the topic. To
assess what you already know about the topic. Have fun and good luck.

Directions: Read and understand each statement and write the letter of the correct answer
on your answer sheet. (½ lengthwise)

1. What is a defect in an argument other than its having false premises?

A. equivocation B. Fallacies

C. appeal to pity D. Appeal to ignorance

2. What is a specific kind of appeal to emotion in which someone tries to win support for an
argument or idea by exploiting his or her opponent’s feelings of guilt?

A. Composition B. Equivocation

C. Appeal to pity D. Appeal to ignorance

3. What states that whatever has not been proved false must be true, and vice versa?

A. Composition B. Equivocation

C. Appeal to pity D. Appeal to ignorance

4. What fallacy infers that something is true of the whole from the fact that is true of some part
of the whole?

A. Composition B. Equivocation

C. Appeal to pity D. Appeal to ignorance

5. What fallacy is a logical chain of reasoning of a term or a word several times, but giving the
particular word a different meaning each time?

A. Composition B. Equivocation
C. Appeal to pity D. Appeal to ignorance

6. What kind of fallacy that reason’s logically that something true of a thing must also be true of
all or some of its parts?

A. Division B. Against to force

C. Against the person D. Appeal to the people

7. In what way is critical thinking a tool for reasoning?

A. Critical thinking deductive arguments.

B. Critical thinking is inductive arguments.

C. Critical thinking reverse of the fallacy is division.

D. Critical thinking is distinguishing facts and opinions or personal feelings

8. It is a specific kind of appeal to emotion in which someone tries to win support for an
argument or idea by exploiting his/her opponents feeling of pity and guilt. What kind of appeal
is this?

A. Appeal to force B. Appeal to pity

C. Appeal to ignorance D. Appeal to the People

9. What type of basic reasoning that draws conclusion from usually one broad judgment or
definition and one more specific assertion?

A. Reduction B. Suspension

C. Deductive reasoning D. Inductive reasoning

10. What do you call that phenomenologist “brackets” which questions truth or reality and
simply describes the contents of consciousness?

A. Reduction B. Suspension

C. Deductive reasoning D. Inductive reasoning

11. What do you call the defect in an argument other than its having a false premise?

A. Fallacy B. Suspension

C. Deductive reasoning D. Inductive reasoning

12. What ideas justify the Fact or Truth?

A. Ideas based on direct evidence, actual experience, or observation.

B. Ideas referring “the way how one applies his mind to collect information.

C. Phenomenologist “brackets” all questions of truth or reality and simply describes the
contents of consciousness suspension

D. Basic reasoning that draws conclusion from usually one broad judgment or definition and
one more specific assertion

13. What do you think is the meaning of Intelligence in philosophy?

A. It is based on direct evidence, actual experience, or observation.

B. It’s referring “the way how one applies his mind to collect information.

C. It is phenomenologist “brackets” all questions of truth or reality and simply describes the
contents of consciousness Suspension

D. It is basic reasoning that draws conclusion from usually one broad judgment or definition and
one more specific assertion

14. Why do you think that Truth is perceived through 5 senses, namely, seeing, hearing, tasting,
smelling & touching & using 6th sense intelligence?

A. Perceived as a statement of belief or feeling.

B. Perceived his truth suggests to understand, analyze & interpret, to acquire knowledge.

C. Perceived as truth is only the "reality" of circumstances, applicable only for that moment.

D. His discretion in applying the knowledge for meaningful expression & maximum positive
advantage at the right place, time & circumstances to the right people or thing.

15. What details would you use to support the view of Knowledge?

A. It is based on direct evidence, actual experience, or observation

B. It is perceive through 5 senses, namely, seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling & touching & using
6th sense intelligence

C. It is a collection of information, which can contain good & bad, sensitive & sensible,
emotional, purposeful and wasteful information.
D. It is a type of basic reasoning that draws conclusion from usually one broad judgment or
definition and one more specific assertion

ACTIVITY 1
What can you say about the picture below? Write your reflection in your notebook.

Life is like a battlefield and us humans are the troops. But every war is not easy, we
experienced lost but we must move forward and make our own strategy. In this picture I
understand that thinking or deciding my future is way more important than looking back to
my past. I know that my past had a big contribution of what I am today, it’s alright to think
about my past but it is more important to think about my future. I’ve also learned that
making strategy about my future can make me achieve my dreams faster rather than just
looking backward in my past.

ACTIVITY 2
Conduct an interview and ask this question:

How do you define freedom?

You can choose to interview your fellow member of your family, your parents and siblings older
than you. Document the interview by taking pictures or video of the entire proceeding. Cite
Philosophical insights regarding the interview
 First Interview

Second Interview

According to my family, Freedom means that you are on your own, without worrying
that somebody or someone may hinder you, It is also means you can express your own
opinion as long as it will not harm anybody. Freedom can also define as privilege to
expressing your thoughts and point of view.
ANALYSIS ACTIVITY
In a one whole sheet of paper, choose and explain your answer.

1. Philippine National Viand: Adobo vs. Sinigang.

For me the national viand of Filipino is adobo because it is most common to eat and most of
Filipino knows to cook adobo than sinigang. A lot of Filipino use different flavor and version in
making adobo than sinigang. Also every Filipino restaurant has adobo in their menu, it is not
surprising if they don’t have sinigang but it’s in different level if they don’t have adobo.

2. Presidential Office: Davao or Malacañang?

For me is Malacañang, because it is already known by Filipino if it comes to presidential

office. Malacañang is already part of history in the Philippines as the presidential office of
Presidents. Also Malacañang palace is historical.

EXERCISE 1
Choose a word from the box below.

1. Write down other related words or ideas that you simply can think about in respect to the
word that you simply chose.

Opinion

2. Write your answer in an exceedingly one whole sheet of paper

Opinion- It is often defined as a view, judgement or appraisal formed in the mind about a
particular matter, it is been an open principle that every individual is entitled to their own
opinion. In short every opinion must be respected based on every individual’s point of view,
though not all opinions are accepted in solving and analyzing problems, but every ones opinion
has a right to be express no matter what as long as it will not doing harm to any one.

APPLICATION.
Activity I: Write your explanation in a whole sheet of paper.

There was a robbery in which a lot of goods were stolen. The robber(s) left the truck. It is
known that: (1) nobody else could have been involved other than Rico, Ben and Glen. (2) Glen
never commits a crime without Rico’s participation.(3) Ben does not know how to drive. So, is
Rico innocent or guilty?
 Criteria:

Soundness 10 pts

Validity 5 pts

Strength 10 pts

Total 25 pts

It is said that the suspect involved in the robbery of the store are Rico, Ben, Glen. Ben
ndoesn’t know how to drive so if he is involved he must have a other driver. Glen knows how
to drive but she won’t commit robbery without Rico’s participation. So in this case we already
know that Rico is already involved in robbery whether he only commit robbery or he and glen
does or even they are all involved but we cannot change the fact that Rico is involved in this
robbery so Rico is guilty.

Activity II: Check ME

Below are signal words and phrases being used in the sentence fragments that often precede a
statement of fact or opinion: Mark a check in your choice.

Words and phrases Fact Opinions

The annual report confirms √
He claimed that… √
It is the officer’s view that… √
Scientists have recently discovered… √
The investigation demonstrated… √

POST-TEST
Directions: Read and understand each statement and write the letter of the correct answer on
your answer sheet. (½ lengthwise)

1. What type of basic reasoning is based on the observations in order to make generalization?

A. Reduction B. Suspension

C. Deductive reasoning D. Inductive reasoning

2. What type of basic reasoning that draws conclusion from usually one broad judgment or
definition and one more specific assertion?

A. Reduction B. Suspension

C. Deductive reasoning D. Inductive reasoning

3. What do you call that phenomenologist “brackets” which questions truth or reality and
simply describes the contents of consciousness?

A. Reduction B. Suspension

C. Deductive reasoning D. Inductive reasoning

4. What is a defect in an argument other than its having false premises?

A. Fallacy B. Suspension

C. Deductive reasoning D. Inductive reasoning

5. What type of fallacy in which the proposition to be proven is assumed implicitly in the
premise?

A. False Cause B. Hasty Generalization

C. Begging the question D. Appeal to the People

6. What fallacy is also referred to as coincidental correlation, or correlation not causation?

A. False Cause B. Hasty Generalization

C. Begging the question D. Appeal to the People

7. What fallacy is commonly based on a broad conclusion upon the statistics of a survey of a
small group that fails to sufficiently represent the whole population?

A. False Cause B. Hasty Generalization

C. Begging the question D. Appeal to the People

8. What fallacy is an argument that appeals or exploits people's vanities, desire for esteem and
anchoring on popularity?

A. False Cause B. Hasty Generalization

C. Begging the question D. Appeal to the People

9. What kind of argument where force, coercion or the threat of force is given as a justification
for a conclusion?

A. Composition B. Force coercion

C. Appeal to force D. Appeal to the People

10. What kind of fallacy that attempts to link the validity of a premise to characteristics or
beliefs of the person advocating the premise?

A. Composition B. Force coercion

C. Against the person D. Appeal to the People

11. What fallacy states that whatever has been proved false must be true, and vice versa?

A. Appeal to force B. Appeal to ignorance

C. Appeal to pity D. Appeal to the People

12. What details would you use to support the view of Knowledge?

A. It is based on direct evidence, actual experience, or observation

B. It is perceive through 5 senses, namely, seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling & touching & using
6th sense intelligence

C. It is a collection of information, which can contain good & bad, sensitive & sensible,
emotional, purposeful and wasteful information.

D. It is a type of basic reasoning that draws conclusion from usually one broad judgment or
definition and one more specific assertion.

13. What do you think is the meaning of Intelligence in philosophy?

A. It is based on direct evidence, actual experience, or observation.

B. It’s referring “the way how one applies his mind to collect information.

C. It is phenomenologist “brackets” all questions of truth or reality and simply describes the
contents of consciousness Suspension.

D. It is basic reasoning that draws conclusion from usually one broad judgment or definition and
one more specific assertion.
14. What ideas justify the Fact or Truth?

A. Ideas based on direct evidence, actual experience, or observation.

B. Ideas referring “the way how one applies his mind to collect information.

C. Phenomenologist “brackets” all questions of truth or reality and simply describes the
contents of consciousness Suspension

D. basic reasoning that draws conclusion from usually one broad judgment or definition and
one more specific assertion

15. Why do you think that Truth is perceived through 5 senses, namely, seeing, hearing, tasting,
smelling & touching & using 6th sense intelligence?

A. Perceived as a statement of belief or feeling.

B. Perceived his truth suggests to understand, analyze & interpret, to acquire knowledge.

C. Perceived as truth is only the "Reality" of circumstances, applicable only for that moment.

D. His discretion in applying the knowledge for meaningful expression & maximum positive
advantage at the right place, time & circumstances to the right people or thing.