ES-I-72

ENGINEERING SPECIFICATIONS - INSPECTION

SUBJECT: REVISION CODE:
WET MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION REV. F

NO.OF P AGES:
17
ORIGINAT ED B Y: AP P ROVED B Y:
ALAN VENABLE GARY W IMBISH
NOTICE: THE SPECIFICATIONS AND/OR STANDARDS CONTAINED HEREIN ARE THE PROPERTY OF HALLIBURTON. THESE SPECIFICATIONS ARE NOT
TO BE COPIED OR USED WITHOUT THE AUTHORIZATION OF HALLIBURTON AND ARE LOANED SUBJECT TO RETURN TO HALLIBURTON ON ITS
DEMAND.

Bryan Lancon, Level III

1. SCOPE:

1.1 This procedure establishes minimum requirements for wet magnetic

particle examination . Magnetic particle examination, as used in this
procedure, is for the detection of surface and near surface
discontinuities in ferromagnetic materials of cylindrical and
noncylindrical shapes, and welds applicable to Halliburton
specifications, drawings, purchase contracts, and/or applicable codes
or standards. Materials include low and intermediate alloy steels,
carbon steel, martensitic stainless steel, and similar ferro magnetic
materials.

►1.2 This procedure complies with ASTM E-709 and ASTM E-1444.

1.3 This procedure has been qualified by use of a part with known
discontinuities.

2. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS:

The latest revision of the following documents shall apply to the extent referenced within this
specification.

2.1 API SPECIFICATIONS 6A Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment.

2.2 API SPECIFICATION 14A Subsurface Safety Valve Equipment.

2.3 ASTM D-445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque
Liquids.

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 2.4 ASTM E-709 Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination.

►2.5 ASTM E-1444 Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Testing.

2.6 ASTM E-1316 Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations.

2.7 NDE REPORT LATEST EDITION REFERENCE D00312786.

2.8 Halliburton Quality Assurance Calibration Manual 9.156.

2.9 QI - 12-2 Grinding Material for NDE.

2.10 QI - 12-3 Magnetic Particle Systems Check.

2.11 QI - 12-4 Magnetic Particle Bath Strength Check.

2.12 QI - 12-5 System Check for Magnetic Particle/Overall System.

2.13 QI - 13-2 Ultraviolet Black Lights Check.

2.14 ASNT SNT-TC-1A (or ISO 9712) Non-Destructive Testing.

3. APPROVED PROCEDURES :

3.1 Hunting Oilfield Services QWI-1016, Revision I.

3.2 Tuboscope SOP No. 420-WH, Revision 0.

3.3 Bonded Inspection: MT3.0 Latest Revision.

3.4 Vandergriff Technology: VT -003 Latest Revision.

►3.5 Halliburton Duncan Specification NDE Manual 4.3 and 70.94154 Latest
Revision.

4. SURFACE PREPARATION:

4.1 Satisfactory results are usually obtained when the surfaces are in the
as-welded, as-rolled, as-cast, or as-forged conditions. However,
surface preparation by grinding or machining may be necessary in some
cases where surface irregularities would other wise mask the indication
or discontinuities.

4.1.1 Prior to magnetic particle examination, the surface to be

examined and any adjacent area within at least 1 in. (25 mm) of
the surface to be examined, shall be dry and free of any dirt,
grease, lint, scale, welding flux, spatter, paint, oil, or any other
extraneous matter that would interfere with the examination.

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 4.1.2 Small openings and holes which lead to areas from which it
would be difficult to remove magnetic substances shall be
plugged before the part is inspected.

4.1.3 Cleaning may be accomplished by detergents, organic solvents,

descaling solutions, paint removers, vapor degreasing, sand or
grit blasting, or any other method approved by the customer.

4.2 Examination Coverage. Examinations shall be conducted wit h

sufficient overlap to assure 100% coverage at the established test
sensitivity.

5. SEQUENCE OF OPERATION :

5.1 Magnetic particle examination shall be done by the continuous method.

It involves bathing the part with the inspection medium (bath) to
provide an abundant source of suspended particle, on the surface of the
part and terminating the bath application simulta neously with the
initiation of the magnetizing current. The sequence of "shots" shall be
determined by ascending order of current. That is, the "shot" requiring
the lowest amperage shall be first, when inspecting parts with different
outside diameters within a part.

Note: There should be no application of the bath while the magne tizing current is
flowing; otherwise indication may be was hed away.

5.2 Direction of Magnetization. Regardless of the magnetization method

used to produce the magnetic flux, each area of interest shall be
separately examined at least twice so the lines of flux (or magnetic
fields) are approximately perpendicula r to the lines of flux in the other.
This is to ensure the most effective detec tion of discontinuities.

Note: In order to meet this requirement, two or more methods of magnetization may
be required, e.g. the examination of a shaft might require circula r magnetization by
the direct contact tech nique for detection of discontinuities parallel to the axis of
the shaft, and longitudinal magnetization by the coil technique for detection of
discontinuities perpendicular to the axis of the shaft.

5.3 Magnetization. Use of prods are not permitted. Any other suitable and
appropriate means for establishing the necessary magnetic flux may be
employed.

5.4 Areas to be Examined. All accessible surfaces of the part shall be

inspected unless otherwise noted in the product or part speci fication,
contract, or order.

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 5.5 Time of Examination. When the time of examination is not specif ically
stated in the governing Code or job specifications, the magnetic
particle acceptance examination shall be performed on any p art in the
finished surface condition, and final heat -treated condition.

6. EQUIPMENT:

6.1 The magnetizing equipment shall be capable of inducing into the

examined material or weld a magnetic field of sufficient intensity to
reveal surface and near -surface discontinuities. Information on the
equipment used shall be provided on the NDE report.

6.2 Control Test. The following tests are conducted for ensuring the
accuracy of magnetic particle magnetizing equipment (horizontal,
stationary units). The tes ts are conducted according to Quality
Assurance Calibration Manual 9.156.

6.2.1 Ammeter accuracy check.

6.2.2 Timer control check.

6.2.3 Magnetic field quick break check.

6.2.4 Equipment current output check.

6.2.5 Internal short circuit check.

6.3 Black Light Intensity Control Test. To assure that the ultra violet lights
used in the NDE operations are in proper working order, i.e., emitting
minimum required intensity, black lights shall be checked at least once
every shift change (per QI-13-2). The black light intensity at the
examination surface (15 inches from the face of the light lens filter)
shall not be less than 1000 µW / cm². Results shall be recorded.

6.3.1 Fluorescent magnetic particle inspection shall be performed in a

darkened area wit h a maximum ambient white light not to exceed
two foot-candles.

7. MAINTENANCE AND CALIBRATION OF EQUIPMENT :

7.1 Magnetizing equipment with an ammeter shall be calibrated at least

once a year, or whenever the equipment has been subjected to major
electric repair, periodic overhaul, or damage. If equipment has not
been in use for a year or more, calibration shall be done prior to first
use.

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8. EXAMINATION MEDIUMS :

8.1 Wet Particles.

8.1.1 The material shall be finely divided, ferromagnetic particles of

high permeability and low retentivity capable of readily
producing particle indications. Unless otherwise negotiated
with the customer, Magnaglo 14A powder shall be used.

8.1.2 Color. Fluorescent wet method particles shall glow a bright

yellow-green when viewed under black light. Light emitted in
the green-yellow range is the most favorable range for easy
seeing with the eye.

8.1.3 Liquid Vehicle. The liquid used as a vehicle for carrying the
magnetic particles for the wet process is Magnaflux Carr ier II.

8.1.3.1 The carrier allows for good particle mobility and

suspendibility, and it has a flash point over 200°F
and it is odorless.

8.1.3.2 Magnaflux Carrier II meets the requirements of

ASTM E-709.

NOTE ON BATH HANDLING FACILITIES : Since the wet method makes use of a
liquid inspection medium, the apparatus must provide facilities for containing the
liquid, maintaining it in suspension, and applying it to the surface of the part. The
tank or container must be such that it will not be attacked or corroded by the liquid.
Since the inspection medium is a suspension and not a solution, it must be
constantly agitated by a carefully designed agitating system in order to keep the
particles distributed throughout the bath so that a uniform amount will be applied to
all surfaces to be inspected. The facilities for applying the inspection material to
the parts surfaces must also be such that they will not wash away or remove
lightly-held indications from the surface of the parts.

►8.1.3.3 Any suitable carriers that meet ASTM E -709 or

ASTM E-1444 requirements are acceptable.

8.1.4 To assure that the fluorescent particles in the bath are at proper
levels and to assure that contaminations are not above acceptable
levels, bath shall be checked at the beginn ing of each shift
according to Quality Instruction Department Manual QI 12 -4.

8.1.5 Magnetic particle examination using a wet particle exam ination

medium shall not be done if the temperature of the wet particle
suspension and the surface of the mate rial or weld exceeds 135°F
(57°C).

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 8.1.5.1A thermometer should be used to monitor the bath/part
temperature, if necessary.

9. EVALUATION OF SYSTEM PERFORMANCE/SENSITIVITY :

9.1 The overall performance/sensitivity of the magnetic particle exam -

ination system (that is, the combination of the magnetic particle
materials, the magnetic particle equipment, the processing tech niques,
the sequence of operation, and levels of magnetizing fields) shall be
monitored as the following:

9.2 Test Ring Specimen.

9.2.1 Magnetic particle systems check in accordance with QI 12 -3.

9.2.2 Production test parts with discontinuities in accordance with

QI 12-5.

10. QUALITY CONTROL TEST :

To assure consistent performance of the wet magnetic particle suspension, the
following tests are conducted:

10.1 Bath Viscosity. The viscosity of the suspension shall be checked

biweekly and whenever an adjustment is made to the bath in accord ance
with ASTM - Method D445 (QI 12-6).

10.2 Bath Strength/Contamination: A check for bath st rength/contamination

shall be performed at the beginning of each shift in accordance with QI
12-4.

10.3 Fluorescent Brightness. To assure that the brightness of the fluorescent

magnetic particle powder is maintained at the estab lished level, the
fluorescent brightness check shall be performed in accordance with QI
12-5.

11. PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS :

11.1 Personnel performing magnetic particle examination to this pro cedure

shall be qualified in accordance with the requirements of Halliburton
Qualification and Certification Procedure 23.A.127 in accordance with
SNT-TC-1A. SNT-TC-1A Level II minimum shall evaluate and
interpret the results.

11.2 Complete qualification records for personnel are maintained on file by

the Level III Examiner.

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 11.3 Contractors who perform Magnetic Particle Testing shall be approved
by audit. Contractors shall have working procedures meeting ASTM
E-709 and Section 13 of this specification. These contractors shall
then be considered meeting the requirements of ES -I-72.

12. MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTH :

12.1 To produce interpretable indications, the magnetic field in the part

must have sufficient strength and proper orientation.

12.2 Establishing field strengths. Sufficient magnetic field strength can be

established by:

12.2.1 Known discontinuities. Experiments with similar/identical

parts having known discontinuities.

12.2.2 "PIE" field indicator. When using the pie gauge, a suitable
flux or field strength is indicated when a clearly defined
line of magnetic particles form s across the copper face of
the indicator when the magnetic particles are applied
simultaneously with magnetizing force. When a clearly
defined line of particles is not formed or it is not formed in
the desired direction. The magnetizing technique shall be
changed or adjusted.

12.2.3 Hall-effect probe-tangential field strengths. When using a

hall-effect probe gaussmeter, tangential field strength
measured on the part, shall be in the range of 30 to 60
gauss peak valves. Field strength in this range sha ll be
present in all areas to be inspected on the part.

12.2.4 Using empirical formulas. Formulas for establishing

magnetic field strength in this section shall be used in
conjunction with the Pie gauge to assure an adequate field
strength.

12.3 Longitudinal Magnetization.

12.3.1 Coil Technique (Encircling).

Magnetization is accomplished by passing cur rent through

a multiturn coil looped around the material, or section of
the material to be examined. This produces a magnetic
field parallel to the ax is of the coil, thus locat ing
discontinuities at right angles to the axis of the coil; see
Figure 2.

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 12.3.2 Magnetic field strength. Direct or rectified current shall
be used to magnetize parts examined by this technique.
The required field strength shall be calculated based on the
length (L) and the diameter (D) of the part in accordance
with (a), (b), or as estab lished in (c) and (d). Long parts
shall be examined in sections not to exceed 18 in. and 18
in. shall be used for the part (L) in calcula ting the required
field strength. For noncylindrical parts, (D) shall be the
maximum cross-sectional diagonal.

a. Parts with L/D ratios equal to or greater than 4 - The

magnetizing ampere-turns shall be within ±10% of
the ampere-turns value determined as follows:

Ampere-Turns = 35,000
(L/D +2)

For example, a part 10 in. long x 2 in. in diameter has a

L/D ratio of 5, therefore:

35,000 = 5000 Ampere - Turns

(5 + 2)

b. Parts with L/D ratio less than 4 but not less than 2.
The magnetizing ampere-turns shall be within ±10%
of the ampere-turns value determined as follows:

Ampere - Turns = 45,000

L/D

c. If the area to be magnetized extends beyond six

inches on either side of the coils, field adequacy
shall be demonstrated using 12.2.2/12.2.3.

d. For large parts due to size and shape, the

magnetizing current shall be 1200 ampere -turns to
4500 ampere-turns. The field adequacy shall be
demonstrated using 1 2.2.2/12.2.3.

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 12.3.3 Magnetizing Current. The c urrent required to obtain the
necessary magnetizing field strength shall be determined
by dividing the ampere-turns obtained in steps (a) or (b)
above by the number of turns in the coil as follows:

Ampere = Ampere - Turns

Turns

For example, if a 5 -turn coil is used and the ampere -turns

required are 5000, use:

5000 = 1000 Amperes (10%)

5

Note: The numbers 35,000 and 45,000 are empirically derived constants (K).

12.4 Circular Magnetization.

12.4.1 Contact Technique.

a. With this technique the material or weld is

magnetized as a whole by passing direct or rectified
current directly through the material or weld itself,
creating a circular magnetic field around the material
or weld, and thus locating discontinuities at right
angles to the axis of magnetic field. (See Fig. 4)

b. Magnetizing Current. Direct or rectified

magnetizing current shall be used. The required
current is given in Table I.

TABLE I

DIAMETER/CROSS- MAGNETIZING
SECTIONAL CURRENT AMP/IN.(2)
(DIAGONAL)
Up to 5.0" (127 mm) 700-900 AMPS/in.
5.0" to 10.0" (127 mm to 500-700 AMPS/in.
254 mm)
10.0" to 15.0" (254 mm 300-500 AMPS/in.
to 381 mm) (1)
Greater Than 15.0" 100-330 AMPS/in.
(381 mm) (1)

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 FOOTNOTES TO TABLE I:

1. If the current levels required cannot be obtained, the maximum current

obtainable shall be used and the field adequacy shall be demonstrated
by using 12.2.2/12.2.3.

2. For parts with geometric shapes other than round, the greatest
cross-sectional diagonal in a plane at right angles to the current flow
shall determine the inches to be used in the above calculations.

c. Care shall be taken to provide sufficient contact area to pass the

required amperage without overheating or burning the material or
weld.

d. The direct technique will not produce a circular field on the

inside diameter of tubular parts. The indirect technique is the
preferred technique to examine this type of material.

12.5 Central Conductor Technique.

12.5.1 With centrally located central conductor, t he magnetizing

current shall be per 12.4.1.

12.5.2 When using offset conductor, the conductor passing

through the inside of the part is placed against an inside
wall of the part. The current shall be 300 to 800 A/in. (12
to 32 A per mm of part diameter). The diameter of the part
shall be taken as the largest distance between any two
points on the outside circumference of the part. Generally
currents of 500 A/in. or lower will be sufficient; but
currents of up to 800 A/in. may be needed for inclusions or
to examine low permeability alloys, such as precipitation -
hardening steels. For examinations used to locate
inclusions in precipitation -hardening steels even higher
currents up to 1000 A/in. (40 A per mm) may be used.

12.5.3 The distance along the part circumference (interior or

exterior) which is effectively magnetized shall be taken as
four times the diameter of the central conductor. The
entire circumference shall be inspected by rotating the part
on the conductor, allowing a 10% magnetic field overl ap.

12.5.4 For parts with geometric shapes other than round, the
greatest cross-sectional diagonal in a plane at right angles
to the current flow shall determine the inches/mm to be
used in 12.5.2.

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 12.6 Yokes.

12.6.1 Alternating current electromagneti c yokes provide

effective means of part magnetization, Figure 3, for
detection of surface discontinuities. Half -wave rectified
direct current electromagnetic yokes, provide an effective
means for near-surface discontinuities as well.

12.6.1.1 Yokes create longitudinal magnetic field

between the poles, Figure 3.

12.6.1.2 The magnetizing force of the yoke shall be

determined by determining its lifting power.
Alternating current electromagnetic yokes
should have a lifting force of at least 10 lb.
(4.5 kg), and d-c yokes 50 lb. (22.7 kg) at the
maximum pole spacing. Ref.: ASTM E-709
Clause 20.3.6 and Table 3.

12.6.1.3 Halliburton does not recognize the use of

yokes for internal surfaces. The yokes are
acceptable for use on plate and bar stock only.

13. INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS :

13.1 Interpretation of results and acceptance criteria as stated in this

document shall be used unless otherwise stated on the customer
purchase order or Engineering documents.

13.2 Whenever localized surface irregularities due to machining marks or

other surface conditions produce indications which are judged to be
non-relevant or there are broad areas of particle accumulation which
may mask relevant indications, these areas shall be cleaned and re -
examined.

13.3 Linear Indication. Any indication in which the length is equal to or

greater than three times its width.

Rounded Indication. Any indication which is circular or ellipti cal with

its length less than three times its width.

13.4 Only those indications with major dimensi ons greater than 1/16 in. (1.6
mm) shall be considered relevant. Inherent indications not associated
with surface rupture (i.e. magnetic permeability variations,
non-metallic stringers) are considered non -relevant.

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 13.5 All indications shall be conf irmed for relevancy by liquid penetrant
testing, as a minimum.

For indications not open to the surface , the Level II or III examiner
shall, based on their e valuation, determine if the indication is relevant
or non-relevant.

Where grinding is applicable, removal of relevant indications shall be

in accordance with QI-12-2.

If the alternate method of evaluation confirms the indication(s) to be

relevant, Technology shall review the evaluation and if the part still
meets Design Acceptance Criteria , the indication may then be accepted .

13.6 Acceptance Criteria. Unless there are other Halliburton specifications

or customer requirements specified, all indications shall be evaluated
according to API Specifications 6A , as applicable to the item and PSL,
14A, 14L and 11D1.

13.6.1 Any relevant indication 3/16 in. (4.8 mm) or greater is

unacceptable. No relevant linear indications are allowed for
weldments (the weld and adjacent area within 1/2 in., or 12.7
mm of both sides of the weld).

13.6.2 No more than 10 relevant indications in any 6 sq. in. (3871 sq.
mm) area.

13.6.3 Four or more relevant indications in a line separated by 1/16 in

(1.6 mm) or less edge to edge are unacceptable.

13.6.4 No relevant indications in pressure contact sealing surfaces.

13.6.5 No rounded indications greater than 1/8 inch for welds whose
depth is 5/8 inch or less; or 3/16 inch for welds whose depth is
greater than 5/8 inch.

14. DEMAGNETIZATION:

14.1 Demagnetization shall be performed in the following manner:

NOTE: In all cases, the field strength used to demagnetize must be equal to, or
greater than, the field which was used to magnetize the part. The usual techniques
of demagnetizing are as follows:

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 14.1.1 Withdrawing from alternating current coil. The method
most widely used is to withdraw the part from the field of
a high intensity alternating current field. A field strength
of 5000 ampere-turns to 10,000 ampere-turns is
recommended. Care should be exercised that the part is
entirely removed from the influence o f the coil before the
demagnetizing force is discontinued, otherwise the
demagnetizer may have the reverse effect of magnetizing
the part.

14.1.2 Reversing Direct Current. The part to be demagnetized is

subjected to consecutive steps of reversed and redu ced
direct current magnetization to a desired level.

14.1.3 After demagnetization, a magnetic field meter shall not

detect fields with an absolute value (total indicator reading
±) greater than 3 gauss anywhere on the part.

15. POST INSPECTION CLEANING :

15.1 When specified, items shall be cleaned after inspection to remove the
magnetic particle material. A black -light can be used to assure
complete removal. Large items may be hand cleaned by a light
scrubbing with Magnaflux SKC -S or an equivalent and t hen wiped dry.
When appropriate, a light coat of oil can be used for rust protection.

16. DOCUMENTATION:

16.1 For material or finished parts supplied when the requirements of

ES-I-72 are mandated, the supplier shall provide documentation which
verifies the information required in Clause 16.2 .

16.2 An examination report reference D00312786 or equivalent shall be

prepared and supplied to Halliburton f or all parts and material
examined and shall contain the following information.

16.2.1 Item number.

16.2.2 Order number.

16.2.3 Area to be examined.

16.2.4 Type of magnetic particle material (dry or wet, visible or

fluorescent).

16.2.5 Magnetic particle equipment.

16.2.6 Part surface preparation requirements.

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 16.2.7 Magnetizing process (continuous, true continuous,
residual).

16.2.8 Magnetizing current (AC, HW, FW, direct).

16.2.9 Means of establishing part magnetization (central

conductor, yoke, cable wrap, etc.).

16.2.10 Direction of magnetic field (circular or longitudinal).

16.2.11 Magnetic field strength (Ampere turns, number and

duration of application of magnetizing current).

16.2.12 Application of Examination Media.

16.2.13 Interpretation and evaluation of indications.

16.2.14 Demagnetizing Technique, if required.

16.2.15 Post examination cleaning, if required.

16.2.16 Engineering specification.

16.2.17 Signature of personnel.

16.2.18 Level of certification of the ins pector.

16.2.19 Sketches, location of the indications.

16.2.20 Date of examination.

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