Complex Engineering Activity Report

By
Syed Shakaib Ahmed 2018-EL-003
Muhammad Tayyab Khan 2018-EL-025
Saif Hasan Ansari 2018-EL-033
Muhammad Jahanzeb Ahmed 2018-EL-006

Department of Electrical Engineering

Sir Syed University of Engineering & Technology Karachi
Pakistan
Batch 2018

Submitted to: Ms.Hafsa Wahid

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction
1.1 Importance of power System Analyses.
1.2 Power Quality.
1.3 Power Quality Issues.
1.4 Problem statement
1.5 Aims and Objectives
2. DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.1 Case no
4. OBSERVATIONS
4.1 Errors
4.2 Solution
5. Conclusion

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1. INTRODUCTION
According to the Washington Accord, skills to solve complex problems in engineering are
important in the curriculum of engineering education. To fulfill the accreditation exercise,
engineering educators must be able to design complex engineering problems to assess the learning
of this important skill.
Complex Engineering Activity Broadly Defined Problems (Technologist) Well defined Problems
(Technician) Can be solved using limited theoretical knowledge, but normally requires extensive
practical knowledge. Requires knowledge of principles and applied procedures or methodologies.

1.1 Importance of power System Analyses:

Power system analyses are an essential part of electrical power system design.
Calculations and simulations are performed to verify that the electrical system, including
the system components, are correctly specified to perform as intended, withstand expected
stress and be protected against failures.
1.2 Power Quality:
The term power quality is used to describe the nonstationary disturbances, which cause the
major malfunctioning of the electrical equipments.
1.3 Power Quality Issues:
Some Power Quality issues are as follows:
1. Harmonics, interharmonics
2. Voltage fluctuations
3. Voltage dips and interruptions
4. Voltage unbalance
5. Power frequency variations
6. Signaling voltages
7. Induced low-frequency voltages

1.4 Problem statement

One line programe which we faced is that what will be the cross-section area of
conductor of transmission line.

1.5Aims and Objectives

Objectives which we achieved by solving this problem
1. We can now design a power system on ETAP
2. We can fix the issues which arise in the system when one of the power transformers
is out of service.
3. We can increase the quality of a power system.

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2 DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
This power system is mustered four main steps from generation to utilization of an
electrical power.
Step 01:
Power Generation is based on 2 generators Gen1 and Gen3 connected in Parallel with a
swing Bus. Rating of Gen1 is (42.5 MW, 11 KV, 0.85 PF, 50 MVA, 95% Efficiency, 4
Poles and swing operation mode) while the rating of Gen3 is (37.4 MW, 11 KV, 0.85 PF,
44 MVA, 95% Efficiency, 4 Poles and swing operation mode).
Step 02:
Two step-up power transformers T1 and T3 of rating (11KV Δ /132KV Y, 185MVA). After
transformer two primary transmission Lines are connected through bus , two step-down
transformers T6 and T10 are placed of rating (132KV Δ /11KV Y, 100MVA) and (132KV
Δ /11KV Y, 100MVA) respectively.
Step 03:
Primary distribution system is comprised of two 11KV buses making two substations by
using step-down transformers T7 and T8 (11KV Δ /440V Y, 18MVA), (11KV Δ /440V Δ,
18MVA) respectively.
Step 04:
Electric power is consumed through 4 lumped loads lump1 (5.6MVA), lump2 (3.4MVA),
lump3 (2.3MVA), lump4 (6.7MVA).

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Component Voltage rating Power rating Other settings

swing operation mode, solidly

Generator 1 11KV 50MVA
grounded

swing operation mode, solidly

Generator 3 11KV 44MVA
grounded

Bus 19 11KV - ANSI

11KV Δ Δ / Y Grounded with Liquid

Transformer 1 185MVA
/132KV Y filled type

11KV Δ /132KV Δ / Y Grounded with Liquid

Transformer 3 185MVA
Y filled type

Bus 2 132KV - ANSI

Bus 4 132KV - ANSI

Line 1 132KV - 20ft with horizontal configuration

Line 2 132kv - 20ft with horizontal configuration

Bus 21 132KV - ANSI

Bus 17 132KV - ANSI

132KV Δ Δ / Y Grounded with Liquid

Transformer 6 100MVA
/11KV Y filled type

132KV Δ Δ / Y Grounded with Liquid

Transformer 10 100MVA
/11KV Y filled type

Bus 23 11KV - ANSI

Bus 24 11KV - ANSI

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 Line 3 11kv - 20ft with horizontal configuration

Line 5 11kv - 20ft with horizontal configuration

Bus 10 11KV - ANSI

Bus 18 11KV - ANSI

11KV Δ /440V Δ / Y Grounded with Liquid filled

Transformer 7 18MVA
Y type

11KV Δ /440V Δ / Y Grounded with Liquid filled

Transformer 8 18MVA
Y type

Bus 25 440V - ANSI

Bus 26 440V - ANSI

Line 6 440V - 10ft with horizontal configuration

Line 7 440V - 10ft with horizontal configuration

Bus 7 440V - ANSI

Bus 14 440V - ANSI

80% motor and 20% Static with

Lump 01 440V 5.6MVA
conventional type

80% motor and 20% Static with

Lump 02 440V 3.4MVA
conventional type

80% motor and 20% Static with

Lump 03 440V 2.3MVA
conventional type

80% motor and 20% Static with

Lump 04 440V 6.7MVA
conventional type

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3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.4 Case no. 1
Determine the optimum solutions to fix the issues which arise in the system when one of
the power transformers is out of service and its load is also served by the in-service
power transformer.

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4 OBSERVATIONS
4.4Errors
When we make one of the power transformer out of service,we observe that busses on which
our loads connected are become under voltage.The voltage of these busses decreases more then
10% from their nominal voltage.
That’s why both of the busses bus7 and bus 14 are under voltage with % operating 90.6 and
90.6 respectively.
The most important error is when one of the power transformers is out of service the continuity
of the whole system disturbed.

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4.2 Solution
In order to solve the issue of one of the power transformers is out of service (because of this
some error occur in the system which we was discussed above) we use an interconnected switch
which can bypass the out of service transformer, the distribution system and load is served by
the Power Transformer which is still in service in this way we can cater the issue of one
transformer out of service. But interconnected switch alone is not solving the entire problem
we must connect var compensators in parallel with load in order to reduce the losses and to
maintain maximum power quality.
As you can see in above that Bus 14 and 7 are under voltage. So we use var compensator
of rating 5Mvar and 4Mvar to solve this issue and after using var compensator (see diagram
below) the under voltage issues are resolved.

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Page 10 of 11
5 CONCLUSION
Our solution is optimum (economical) because we use less cross sectional area of wire in
transmission line. As we know that in transmission line there is high voltage (depending upon the
type of transmission voltage may be vary) and low current and cross section area is only depend
upon current. So we can use less cross section area wire in high voltage transmission line (but
you must calculate cross section area). So as cross section area of transmission line reduced the
cost of overall system will also reduce.
We set the cross section area with the safety factor of 2 for example if maximum current through
the conductor will be 100Ampere we can select the cross section area of conductor which can
handle 200 Ampere current.
We can reduce the cost of system and make it more economical if we further reduced the cross
sectional area of conductor but by doing this safety of whole system will be compromised.

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