EE232: Electrical machines IGEE (ex-INELEC) Spring semester: 2023/2024

Chapter N°3: Transformers

Recitation N°3:
Problem N°1
A single-phase transformer has 500 turns in the primary winding. When it is connected
to a 1 ϕ, 120 V, 60 Hz power supply, the no-load current is 1.6 A and the no-load power
is 80 W. Neglect the winding resistance and leakage reactance of the winding. Calculate
(a) The core loss current, Ic.
(b) The magnetizing current, Im.
(c) The maximum value of the flux Φmax in the core.
(d) The magnetizing reactance Xm, core loss resistance Rc.
Problem N°2
The parameters of the equivalent circuit of a 150-kVA, 2400-V/240-V transformer, are
R1 = 0.2 Ω, R2 = 2 mΩ, X1 = 0.45 Ω, X2 = 4.5 mΩ, Rc, = 10 kΩ, and Xm, = 1.55 kΩ.
Considering that the transformer is operating with rated load of 0.8 lagging power factor,
Determine:
• Voltage regulation.
• Total losses.
• Efficiency of the transformer.

Problem N°3
The results of open-circuit and short-circuit tests on a 25-kVA, 440V/220V, 60-Hz
transformer are as follows:
- Open-circuit test:
Input voltage 220 V; input current 9.6 A; input power 710 W.
- Short-circuit test:
Input voltage, 42 V; input current, 57 A; input power, 1030 W.
- Obtain the parameters of the equivalent circuit referred to the primary side.
Assume that R1 = a2R2 and X1 = a2X2.
Problem N°4
A single-phase step-up transformer, 100 kVA, 1000/100 V gave the following test results:
- Open-circuit test (HV side open)
100 V, 6 A, 400 W
- Short-circuit test (LV side shorted):
50 V, 100 A, 1800 W
(a) Determine the rated voltage and rated current for the high-voltage and low-voltage
sides.
(b) Drive an approximate equivalent circuit referred to the HV side.
(c) Determine the voltage regulation at full load, 0.6 PF leading.
(d) Draw the phasor diagram for condition (c).

Dr. A AMMAR 1
EE232: Electrical machines IGEE (ex-INELEC) Spring semester: 2023/2024

Problem N°5
Consider a 15 kVA, 7500/480 V, 60 Hz distribution transformer. Assume that the
open-circuit and short-circuit tests were performed on the primary side of the transformer
and that the following data were obtained:

Determine the impedance of the approximate equivalent circuit referred to the

primary side, and draw the corresponding simplified equivalent circuit.

Problem N°6
A 75kVA, 2400V /240V, 60 Hz distribution transformer has equivalent resistance
and reactance of 0.009318 Ω and 0.058462 Ω, respectively, which are both referred to its
secondary side. Determine the full-load voltage regulation:
(a) At 0.85 lagging power factor.
(b) At unity power factor.
(c) At 0.85 leading power factor.
Problem N°7
A single-phase step-down transformer, 250 kVA, 11 kV/2.2 kV, 60 Hz has the following
parameters.
RHV = 1.3 Ω XHV = 4.5 Ω
RLV = 0.05 Ω XLV = 0.16
RC(LV) = 2.4 kΩ Xm(LV) = 0.8 kΩ
(a) Draw the approximate equivalent circuit referred to the HV side and show the
parameter values.
(b) Determine the no-load current in (HV side).
(c) If the low-voltage winding terminals are shorted, determine:
-The supply voltage required to pass rated current through the shorted winding.
-The losses in the transformer.
(d) The HV winding of the transformer is connected to the 11 kV supply and a load, ZL
= 15∠ ‒ 90 Ω is connected to the low-voltage winding.
Determine:
- Load voltage.
- Voltage regulation.

Dr. A AMMAR 2
EE232: Electrical machines IGEE (ex-INELEC) Spring semester: 2023/2024

Problem N°8
Consider a 75 kVA, 7200/240 V, 60Hz transformer. Assume that the open-circuit and
short-circuit tests were performed on the transformer and that the following data were
obtained:
Measurement Open-circuit test Short-circuit test
Voltage 7200 V 250 V
Current 0.55 A 10.4167 A
Power 399 W 755 W
1. Draw the equivalent circuit of transformer referred to the primary.
2. Using the given measurements, determine: the equivalent impedance, resistance, and
reactance of the transformer.
3. Calculate the values of the individual primary and secondary resistances (R1 and R2)
4. Assume that the transformer operated at full load with a 0.90 lagging power factor.
Calculate:
• The efficiency of the transformer
• The voltage regulation of the transformer
5. Draw the phasor diagram of the transformer.
❖ Three-phase transformer:
Problem N°9
Three 1φ, 10 kVA, 460=120 V, 60 Hz transformers are connected to form a 3φ, 460/208
V transformer. The equivalent impedance of each transformer referred to the high-
voltage side is 1+ j2 Ω.
The transformer delivers 20 kW at 0.8 power factor (leading).
• Draw a schematic diagram showing the transformer connection.
• Determine the transformer winding current.
• Determine the primary voltage.
• Determine the voltage regulation.
Problem N°10
Three 1φ, 100 kVA, 2300=460 V, 60 Hz transformers are connected to form a 3φ,
2300/460 V transformer. The equivalent impedance of each transformer referred to its
low-voltage side is 0.045 + j0.16 Ω. The transformer is connected to a 3φ source through
3φ feeders (lines), the impedance of each one being 0.5+ j1.5 Ω. The transformer delivers
full load at 460 V and 0.85 power factor lagging.
• Draw a schematic diagram showing the transformer connection.
• Determine the single-phase equivalent circuit.
• Determine the sending end voltage of the 3φ source.
• Determine the transformer winding currents.

Dr. A AMMAR 3
EE232: Electrical machines IGEE (ex-INELEC) Spring semester: 2023/2024

❖ Autotransformer:
Problem N°11
A1φ, 10 kVA, 460=120 V, 60 Hz transformer has an efficiency of 96% when it delivers 9
kW at 0.9 power factor.
This transformer is reconnected as an autotransformer to supply load to a 460 V circuit
from a 580 V source.
• Show the autotransformer connection.
• Determine the maximum kVA the autotransformer can supply to the 460 V circuit.
• Determine the efficiency of the autotransformer for full load at 0.9 power factor.
Problem N°12
Reconnect the windings of a 1φ, 3 kVA, 240/120 V, 60 Hz transformer so that it can
supply a load at 330 V from a 110 V supply.
• Show the connection.
• Determine the maximum kVA the reconnected transformer can deliver.

Dr. A AMMAR 4