Questions

1. What is a transformer?
2. Mention some applications of transformers.
3. What are the types of transformers?
4. What is the construction of transformer?
5. State the principal operation of transformer.
6. Write down the transformation ratio of transformers.
7. When the transformer is said to be ideal?
8. Prove the induced voltage E1=4.44fN1Φmax. V
9. Is the transformer can work on DC? and why?
10. Why electric power is transmitted at high voltages?
11. How the impedance of the secondary be referred in the primary?
12. Draw the equivalent circuit of the transformer.
13. Draw the approximate equivalent circuit of the transformer.
14. Draw the vector diagram for the transformer for:
(a) inductive load (b) resistive load (c) capacitive load.
15. What are the tests to be conducted on the transformer?
16. Explain how to conduct the no load and short circuit tests of the transformer
and what you get from each test.
17. What is meant by voltage regulation in a transformer?
18. What is the autotransformer?
19. What are the connections of three phase transformers?
20. What are the instrument transformers?

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 Sheet No 1 (Transformers)

(1) A 20 kVA, 250/110 V, 50 Hz, ideal single-phase transformer. The primary

has 125 turns. Calculate:
(a) The secondary turns (b) The maximum flux in the core.
(c) The full load primary and secondary currents.
(2) An ideal single-phase transformer has 1000 turns on the primary and 500 turns
on the secondary. The primary winding is connected to a 220 V supply and the
secondary winding is connected to a 5 kVA load. Determine:
(a) Load voltage. (b) Load impedance.
(c) Primary and secondary currents
(d) Load impedance referred to the primary.
(3) 200/100 V, ideal single-phase transformer the secondary winding is connected
to a load of 5∟30. Determine:
(a) Load impedance referred to the primary.
(b) Primary and secondary currents and p.f.
(c) Primary and secondary powers
(d) Secondary terminal voltage
(4) A 440/110 V single-phase transformer takes a no-load current of 5A at 0.2 p.f.
lagging. If the secondary supplies a current of 120 A at 0.8 p.f. lagging, find
the primary current.
(4) A 100 kVA, 1100/230 V, 50 Hz transformer has an HV winding resistance of
0.1 Ω and leakage reactance of 0.4 Ω. The LV winding resistance is 0.006 Ω
and leakage reactance is 0.01 Ω. Find:
(a) The equivalent resistance and reactance referred to primary side.
(b) The equivalent resistance and reactance referred to secondary side
(5) A 100 kVA, 11000/2200 V, 60 Hz transformer has the following parameters.
RHV = 6.0 Ω RLV=0.28 Ω
LHV = 0.08 H LLV = 0.0032 H
Lm (HV) = 160 H RC (HV) = 125 kΩ
Obtain an equivalent circuit of the transformer:
(a) Referred to the high-voltage side.
(b) Referred to the low-voltage side.
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(6) 100 kVA, 1000/100 V transformer gave the following test results:
O.C.T: 100 V, 6.0 A, 400 W
S.C.T: 50 V, 100 A, 1800 W
(a) Determine the rated voltage and rated current for the high-voltage and
low-voltage sides.
(b) Derive an approximate equivalent circuit referred to the HV side.
(c) Determine the full load voltage regulation at (i) 0.6 PF lag, (ii) unity PF.
(d) Determine the efficiency when the transformer delivers full load at rated
voltage and (i) 0.8 PF lag, (ii) unity PF.
(e) Find the value of max efficiency.
(f) If the load terminals are accidentally short-circuited, determine the
currents in the high-voltage and low-voltage windings.
(g) Draw the phasor diagram for condition (c).
(7) A 20 kVA, 2000/200 V, single-phase transformer has the following
parameters:
HV winding: R1 = 3 Ω, X1 = 5.3 Ω
LV winding: R2 = 0.05 Ω, X2 = 0.05 Ω
(a) Find the voltage regulation at (i) 0.8 pf lag (ii) unity pf
(b) calculate the secondary voltage for case (a) when delivering full load current
with the primary voltage held fixed at 2 kV.
(8) 10 kVA, 2400/120 V, 60Hz single-phase transformer has the following
equivalent circuit parameters:
ZeqH = 5+ j25 Ω, RCH = 64 kΩ, XmH = 9.6 kΩ
If no load and short circuit tests are performed on this transformer, determine the
following:
No load test results: (VOC , IOC , and POC )
Short circuit test results: (VSC , ISC , and PSC )
(9) A 20 kVA, 2500/250 V, 50 Hz, single phase transformer has the following test
results:
O.C.T: 250 V, 1.5 A, 120 W
S.C.T: 104 V, 8 A, 380 W

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 (a) Compute the parameters of the equivalent circuit referred to the H.V
side?
(b) Calculate the primary voltage and current when delivering 12 kW at
250V and 0.8 p.f. lagging?
(c) Calculate the voltage regulation and efficiency for the operating
conditions of part (b)?
(10) A. A distribution transformer has a nameplate rating of 25kVA, 1100/220V.
The core losses are 360W and the full-load copper losses are 620W. Compute:
(a) The load kVA at which maximum efficiency occurs?
(b) The maximum efficiency occurs?
(c) The equivalent resistance referred to the primary side?
(11) A 4 kVA, 200/400 V, single-phase transformer draws 65 W when one side is
open circuited while the full voltage is applied to the other side. The following
results for S.C.T: 15 V, 10 A, 75 W.
Compute:
(a) The full load efficiency at 0.8 p.f. lagging.
(b) The VA at which maximum efficiency takes place.
(c) The maximum efficiency at 0.9 p.f. Lagging.
(12). A 12 kVA, 200/120V, single-phase transformer draws 180 W when one side
is open circuited while the full voltage is applied to the other side. If its half
load efficiency is 95% at unity PF, Compute:
(a) The full load copper losses.
(b) The load current at which maximum efficiency takes place.
(13) 12-kVA, 480/120V single phase transformer supplying a 0.8 lagging pf. load.
It has a full load efficiency of 98 % and its maximum efficiency occurs at
three-quarters of full-load.
Calculate:
(a) The full load copper losses and core losses?
(b) The efficiency at half-load?
(14) Single-phase, 12 kVA, 240/120V, transformer is connected as an
autotransformer to supply a load at 360V from a 240V supply.
Draw the connection diagram for this configuration showing the current

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 directions and their rated values in each part.
(15) Single-phase, 12 kVA, 240/120V, transformer is connected as an
autotransformer to supply a load at 240V from a 360V supply.
Draw the connection diagram for this configuration showing the current
directions and their rated values in each part.
(16) Draw the connection of three phase transformer for each of the following:
(a) Y-Y connection (b) Y-∆ connection