Caribbean Maritime University

BEng in Industrial System

Electrical Machine 2

Assignment 1

Date: April 1, 2020

Class and Stream ______________________________________

Date: ______________________________________
Name & I.D.#: ______________________ ___________________
______________________ __________________
______________________ __________________
NB: All groups are allowed to have a maximum of at three (3) members. This assignment is due
Saturday at 1 AM, please make all attempt to do so before the lime. Late submissions will be
penalized. Please make all efforts to ensure that this assignment is done in a legibly, easy to
understand and orderly manner.
Section A
Do all questions.

1. A single-phase 50 Hz transformer has 80 turns on the primary winding and 400 turns on the
secondary winding. The net cross-sectional area of the core is 200 cm2. If the primary winding is
connected to a 230 V, 50 Hz supply, determine:
(a) the e.m.f. induced in the secondary winding;
(b) the maximum value of the flux density in the core.
2. A 50 kVA single-phase transformer has a turns ratio of 300/20. The primary winding is
connected to a 2200 V, 50 Hz supply. Calculate:
(a) the secondary voltage on no load;
(b) the approximate values of the primary and secondary currents on full load;
(c) the maximum value of the flux.
3. A 200 kVA, 3300 V/230 V, 50 Hz, single-phase transformer has 80 turns on the secondary
winding. Assuming an ideal transformer, calculate:
(a) the primary and secondary currents on full load;
(b) the maximum value of the flux;
(c) the number of primary turn.
4. The primary of a certain transformer takes 1 A at a power factor of 0.4 when connected across
a 230 V, 50 Hz supply and the secondary is on open circuit. The number of turns on the primary
is twice that on the secondary. A load taking 50 A at a lagging power factor of 0.8 is now
connected across the secondary. Sketch, and explain briefly, the phasor diagram for this
condition, neglecting voltage drops in the transformer. What is now the value of the primary
current?
5. The no-load current of a transformer is 5.0 A at 0.3 power factor when supplied at 230 V, 50
Hz. The number of turns on the primary winding is 200. Calculate:
(a) the maximum value of the flux in the core;
(b) the core loss;
(c) the magnetizing current.
6. A 50 kV A, 6360 V/230 V transformer is tested on open and short-circuit to obtain its
efficiency, the results of the test being as follows. Open circuit: primary voltage, 6360 V;
primary current, 1 A; power input, 2 kW. Short-circuit: voltage across primary winding, 180 V;
current in secondary winding, 175 A; power input, 2 kW. Find the efficiency of the transformer
when supplying full load at a power factor of 0.8 lagging and draw a phasor diagram (neglecting
impedance drops) for this condition.
7. A 230 V/400 V single-phase transformer absorbs 35 W when its primary winding is connected
to a 230 V, 50 Hz supply, the secondary being on open circuit. When the primary is short-
circuited and a 10 V, 50 Hz supply is connected to the secondary winding, the power absorbed is
48 W when the current has the full-load value of 15 A. Estimate the efficiency of the transformer
at half load, 0.8 power factor lagging.
8. A 1 kVA transformer has a core loss of 15 W and a full-load I2R loss of 20 W. Calculate the
full-load efficiency, assuming the power factor to be 0.9. An ammeter is scaled to read 5 A, but it
is to be used with a current transformer to read 15 A. Draw a diagram of connections for this,
giving terminal markings and currents.
9 A transformer working at unity power factor has an efficiency of 90 per cent at both one-half
load and at the full load of 500 W. Determine the efficiency at 75 per cent of full load.
10. A single-phase transformer is rated at 10 kVA, 230 V/100 V. When the secondary terminals
are open-circuited and the primary winding is supplied at normal voltage (230 V), the current
input is 2.6 A at a power factor of 0.3. When the secondary terminals are short-circuited, a
voltage of 18 V applied to the primary causes the full-load current (100 A) to flow in the
secondary, the power input to the primary being 240 W. Calculate:
(a) the efficiency of the transformer at full load, unity power factor;
(b) the load at which maximum efficiency occurs;
(c) the value of the maximum efficiency
11. A 400 kVA transformer has a core loss of 2 kW and the maximum efficiency at 0.8 power
factor occurs when the load is 240 kW. Calculate:
(a) the maximum efficiency at unity power factor;
(b) the efficiency on full load at 0.71 power factor.
12. A 40 kVA transformer has a core loss of 450 W and a full-load I2R loss of 850 W. If the
power factor of the load is 0.8, calculate: (a) the full-load efficiency; (b) the maximum
efficiency; (c) the load at which maximum efficiency occurs.
13. The primary of a transformer has twice as many turns as the secondary. The primary voltage
is 220V and a 5 Ω load is connected across the secondary. Calculate the power delivered across
by the transformer, as well as the primary and secondary current.
14. A 66.7 MVA transformer has an efficiency of 99.3% when it delivers full power to a load
having a power factor of 100%.
(a) calculate the losses in the transformer under these conditions.
(b) calculate the losses and efficiency when the transformer delivers 66.7 MVA ta a load having
a power factor of 80%.
15. During a short circuit-test on a 10MVA, 66 kV/7.2 kV transformer the following results were
obtained:
Eg = 2640 V
Isc = 72 A
Psc = 9.85 kW
Calculate the following:
(a) The total resistance and the total leakage reactance referred to the 66 kV primary side.
(b) The nominal impedance of the transformer referred to the primary side.
(c) The nominal impedance of the transformer.

Section B
Students are required to provide drawing and detailed explanations for the processes.

Students are required to draw the two circuits for the open circuit test and the short-circuit test. In
the case of the open-circuit show how we can verify the exciting current. In the case of the short
circuit test show how to determine the equivalent resistance, the equivalent resistance and the
internal impedance.
Show how both test can be used to determine the efficiency of the transformer.