Electrical Machines Problem Set V2 PDF

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Transformers Problem Set

Ideal Transformer @ No load
1) Two transformers of the same type, using the same grade of Iron and
Conductor materials are designed to work at the same flux and current
densities; but the linear dimensions of one are two times those of the other in
all respects. The ratio KVA of the two transformers closely equals
a)16 b)8 c)4 d)2
2) A 400v/200v, 50Hz transformer operates at a flux density of 1.2T. When
energized from HV side for this transformer. For this transformer if the linear
dimensions of core are doubled while number of turns halved on both of its
HV and LV sides. If the transformer is now connected to 800V, 50Hz on its HV
side, the its flux density would be a)0.6T b)1.2T c)2.4T d)4T
3)
a) Find the operating flux and Energy Stored for given magnetic circuit with
No. of turns=100, length of core=2000Cm, Area of cross section of
core=25Cm2, Current injected=1A. Relative permeability=2500
b) Repeat above problem to calculate current to be injected for operating
flux of section a) if magnetic core has now 2 mm airgap and also
determine energy stored in airgap.
4) The low voltage winding of a 400/230V single phase 50Hz transformer is to
be connected to a 25Hz. The supply voltage should be a)230V
b)460V c)115V d)65V
5) A 4KVA, 230/115V, 400Hz single phase transformer originally designed for
use in aircraft is available in laboratory for obtaining 115V from 230V supply,
50Hz mains. If over loading of devise is not permitted then the net kva output
of the transformer in the laboratory cannot exceed__ a)32 b)16 c)4
d)0.5
6) A single-‐phase 10KVA, 50Hz transformer with 1kv primary winding draws
0.5A and 55W, at rated voltage and frequency on no load. The second
transformer has a core with all its linear dimensions √2 times the
corresponding dimensions of first transformer. The core material and
lamination thickness are same in both transformers. The primary winding of
both the transformers have same number of turns. If a rated voltage of 2kv at
50Hz is applied to the primary of second transformer then the noload current
and power respectively are a)0.7A, 77.8W b)0.7A, 155.6W
c)1A,110W d)1A, 220W
7) Estimate reduction of volume, expressed as a percentage of the original
volume of a) Core Iron b) Copper in a transformer when original steel plates
worked at a flux density of 0.8 Tesla are replaced by others of Silicon steel
worked at flux density of 1.2 Tesla assuming the total flux to remain same.
Assume square core.
8) A transformer with toroidal core of permeability μ is shown in the figure.
Assuming uniform flux density across the circular core cross section of radius
r<<R, and neglecting any leakage flux, the best estimate for the mean radius R
!"#! ! !!!
is a)__ b)__ c)__ d) !!

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Ideal Transformer @ Load
9) Consider a simple power system consisting of an ideal voltage source, an
ideal step up transformer, a transmission line, an ideal step down
transformer and a load. The voltage of source is 480 |0 V, the impedance of
transmission line is (3+j4) Ω, impedance of load is (30+j40) Ω. What turns
ratio would be required to reduce transmission line loss to 1% of total active
power produced by generator.
10)A three phase, three winding Delta/Delta/Star transformer
(1.1kV/6.6kV/400V) transformer is energized from AC mains at 1.1 kV side.
It supplies 900kVA load at 0.8pf lag from 6.6kV winding and 300kVA load at
0.6 pf lag from 400V winding. The rms line current in Amps drawn by the
1.1kV winding from mains is ____
11)A balanced star connected and purely resistive load is connected at the
secondary of a star/Delta transformer as shown in fig. The line to line voltage
rating of transformer is 110v/220v. Neglect the non-‐idealities of transformer,
the impedance Z of the equivalent star connected load referred to the
primary side of transformer is____

12)The following arrangement consist of an ideal transformer and an attenuator
which attenuates by a factor of 0.8 An AC voltage 𝑉!"! =100V is applied across
WX to get an open circuit voltage 𝑉!"! across YZ. Next, an ac voltage
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𝑉!"! =100V is applied across YZ to get an open circuit voltage 𝑉!"! across WX.
Then 𝑉!"! /𝑉!"! , 𝑉!"! /𝑉!"! are respectively. a)___ b)100/100 and 80/100
c)__ (d)___

13)Figure shows an ideal 3 winding transformer. Windings are wound on the
same core as shown. The turns ratio 𝑁! : 𝑁! : 𝑁! is 4:2:1 A resistor of 10 ohm is
connected across winding 2. A capacitor of reactance 2.5 ohm is connected
across winding 3. Winding 1 is connected across 400V AC supply. If the
supply voltage phasor 𝑉! =400 V the supply current phasor 𝐼! is given by
a)__ b)__ c)(10+j10)A d)__

14)Three single phase transformers are connected to form delta-‐star three phase
transformer of 110kv/11kv. The transformer supplies at 11kv a load of 8Mw
at 0.8pf lag to nearby plant. Neglect the transformer losses. The ratio of phase
currents from delta side to star side is ___ ans) 1:10 3
15)If the primary line voltage rating is 3.3kv star side of a 25kva, Y-‐D
transformer (The per phase turns ratio is 5:1), then the line current rating of
the secondary side (in Ampere is)____
16)The load shown in the figure absorbs 4kW at pf of 0.89 lag. Assuming the
transformer to be ideal the value of reactance X to improve the input power
factor to unity is ___

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Core Losses of Transformer
17)A transformer has hysteresis loss of 30W at 240V,60Hz supply. The
hysteresis loss at 200V, 50Hz supply is?
18)A transformer has Iron loss of 90W at 60Hz supply and 52W a 40Hz supply.
Both losses being measured at same peak flux density. The total iron losses in
the transformer at 50Hz supply will be ?
19)A 230V, 50Hz single phase transformer has eddy current loss of 30W. If this
transformer is excited with DC source of same magnitude eddy current losses
will be _______ a)30W b)25W c)0W d)None of
the above
20)A voltage of (200 wt-‐50 sin 3wt) is applied to a 250 turn transformer winding
having negligible resistance and leakage. Find the instantaneous, Max value
of flux and also find by what percentage will the eddy current loss in the iron
be reduced if the applied voltage is altered to 200 sin wt? Given w=100π
21)A 5kV, 25Hz single phase transformer has copper loss of 1.4%, hysteresis loss
of 0.6% and eddy current loss of 0.5% of full load output. If this transformer
is operated on 10kV, 50Hz supply system, what will be these losses if the
current in the windings remain same
22)A 50Hz transformer having equal hysteresis and eddy current losses at rated
excitation is operated at 45Hz at 90% of its rated voltage. Compared to rated
operating point, the core loss under this condition a)___ b)___ c)reduced
by 14.5% d)___
23)A single phase 400V, 50Hz transformer has an iron loss of 5000W at the rated
condition. When operated at 200V, 25Hz, the iron loss is 2000W. When
operated at 416V, 52Hz the value of hysteresis loss divided by the eddy
current loss is ____ (Ans: 1.44)
24)Am open circuit test is performed on 50Hz transformer, using variable
frequency source and keeping v/f ratio constant, to separate its eddy current
and hysteresis losses. The variation of core loss / frequency as function of
frequency is shown in fig. The hysteresis and eddy current loss of
transformer at 25 Hz respectively are___ (Ans: 250W and 62.5W)

25)A 50Hz, 220/400V, 50kva single phase transformer operates on 220V, 40Hz
supply with secondary winding open then, a)the eddy current loss and
hysteresis loss of transformer decreases b) the eddy current loss and
hysteresis loss of transformer increases c) the hysteresis loss of
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transformer increases while eddy current loss remain same d) the hysteresis
loss of transformer remain the same while eddy current loss decreases
26)Two transformers X and Y with identical ratings and dimensions have 0.8mm
and 1.2mm thick laminations respectively .If 𝑅! and 𝑋! are the magnetizing
branch parameters in the equivalent circuit, then
(a) 𝑅! values in both are likely to be equal, but 𝑋! of X is likely to
higher than 𝑅! of Y.
(b) 𝑋! values in both are likely to be equal,but 𝑅! of X is likely to
higher than 𝑅! of Y
(c) 𝑋! values in both are likely to be equal,but 𝑅! of X is likely to
be lower than 𝑅! of Y
(d) 𝑅! values in both are likely to be equal, but 𝑋! of X is likely to
be lower than 𝑋! of Y.
27)A transformer designed for operation on 60 Hz supply is worked on 50 Hz
supply system without changing its voltage and current ratings. When
compared with full load efficiency at 60 Hz, the transformer efficiency on full
load at 50Hz will
(a) increase marginally
(b) increase by a factor of 1.2
(c) remain unaltered
(d) decrease marginally
28)If a saw-‐cut is made in the iron core of a single phase transformer as shown
in the given figure, with secondary terminals open, it will result in

(a) no voltage across secondary terminals due to discontinuity.
(b) Excessively large current drawn by primary
(c) No appreciable change in the operation of the transformer.
(d) No transformer action and the primary current will be greatly
reduced
29)A 220/110V,50Hz single phase transformer having a negligible winding
resistance operates from a variable voltage, variable frequency supply such
that 𝑉! /𝑓(𝑉! = primary applied voltage, f= source frequency)is constant. This
will bring in, in the given range of frequencies
(a) variation in both eddy current loss and hysteresis loss
(b) variation only in the eddy current loss, hysteresis loss
remaining constant.
(c) Variation only in hysteresis loss, eddy current loss remaining
constant.
(d) No change either in the eddy current loss or the hysteresis loss
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30)The given fig represents a transformer with two windings 1 & 2 on the core
as shown. By applying voltage across 𝑉! across winding 1 and 𝑉! is induced
across winding 2. In an idealized condition 𝑉! would lag 𝑉! by (Ans: 180 Deg)

31)The fig given below shows a two winding core type transformer. The
instantaneous directions of primary current I1 ,the mutual flux Φm and the
primary leakage flux Φ1 are as indicated in the figure. The
corresponding directions, at the same instant, of the secondary
current I2, and secondary leakage flux Φ2 would be

32)Two windings of a transformer are indicated by terminals AB and CD as
shown in figure. When a voltage of 100V applied across AB with BD short
circuited, a voltage of 200V appears across AC. The turns ratio from CD to AB
is____
33) A 1000VA, 230/115V, transformer has been tested to determine its equivalent circuit. The
results are given as O.C: 115V,0.11A,3.9W and S.C.:17.1V,8.7A,38.1W. Find equivalent
circuit of this transformer referred to LV side.
34) A 50Hz, single phase transformer draws short circuit current of 30A at 0.25pf when
connected to 16V,50Hz source. What will be the power factor if it is energized from
16V,75Hz source.
35)It is desired to measure parameters of 230V/115 V,2kVA, single phase
transformer. The following watt meters are available in the laboratory:
W1: 250V, 10 A, low power factor
W2: 250 V , 5A ,low power factor
W3: 150V, 10 A ,High power factor
W4: 150 V , 5A ,High power factor
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The wattmeter’s used in open circuit test and short circuit test of the
transformer will be (Ans: W2 and W3)

36) The percentage impedance of a 100 kVA, 11 kV/400 V, delta /wye, 50 Hz
transformer is 4.5%. For the circulation of half the full load current during short
circuit test, with low voltage terminals shorted, the applied voltage on the
voltage side will be (Ans: 247.5 V)

37) A 3-‐Phase transformer has rating of 20 MVA, 220 kV (Star)/33 kV (Delta)
with leakage reactance 12%. The transformer reactance (in ohms) referred to
each phase of the L.V. delta connected side is (Ans: 19.6)

38) The resistance and reactance of a 100 kVA, 11000/400 V, delta/star
distribution transformer are 0.02 and 0.07 pu respectively. The phase impedance
of the transformer referred to the primary is (Ans: (72.6 + j254.1)Ω)

39) The core flux of a practical transformer with a resistive load
a) Is strictly constant with load changes
b) Increases linearly with load
c) Increases as the square root of the load
d) Decreases with increased load (Ans: d)

40)

41) A 20 kVA 2000/200V single-‐phase transformer has (0.02 + j0.06) pu
impedance. To maintain load side voltage at 200V at full load 0.8pf lag, the
voltage required to be applied on primary side of transformer is -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐.

42) A transformer has 400/200V rating and it has a pf of 0.8 lag on secondary
side when it is loaded. About 40V is required to circulate rated current on short
circuit, at pf of 0.2. The voltage regulation of transformer at full load 0.8 pf lag is -‐
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
43) A 10kVA, 400V/200V, singe phase transformer with a percentage resistance
of 3% and percentage reactance of 6% is supplying a current of 50A to a resistive
load. The value of the load voltage is (Ans: 194 V)

44) A 3-‐phase delta/star transformer is supplied 6000 V on delta connected side.
The terminal voltage on the secondary side when supplying full load at 0.8
lagging power factor is 415 V. The equivalent resistance and reactance drops for
the transformer are 1% and 5% respectively. The turns ratio of the transformer
is (Ans: 24)

45) A single-‐phase transformer has no-‐load loss of 64W, as obtained from an
open-‐circuit test. When a short circuit test is performed on it with 90% of the
rated currents flowing in its both LV and HV windings, the measured loss is 81W.
The transformer has maximum efficiency when operated at
a) 50.0% of the rated current
b) 64.0% of the rated current
c) 80.0% of the rated current
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d) 88.8% of the rated current (Ans: C)
46) A single phase transformer has a maximum efficiency of 90% at full load and
upf. Efficiency at half load, at the same power factor is
a) 86.7%
b) 88.26%
c) 88.9%
d) 87.8%
47) 20 kVA single phase transformer has efficiency of 98% at full load and also at
half full load. The power factor is unity in both the cases. The efficiency of
transformer at ¾th full load at upf is ____
a) 98.1% b) 98% c) 97.8% d) 97.5% (Ans: a)

Data for Questions (48 and 49)
A 300kVA transformer has 95% efficiency at full load 0.8 pf lagging and 96%
efficiency at half load, unity pf.
48) The iron loss (Pi) and copper loss (Pc) in kW, under full load operation are
a) Pc = 4.12, Pi = 8.51
b) Pc = 6.59, Pi = 9.21
c) Pc = 8.51, Pi = 4.12
d) Pc = 12.72, Pi = 3.07 (Ans: C)
49) What is the maximum efficiency (in %) at unity pf load?
a) 95.1 b) 96.2 c) 96.4 d) 98.1 (Ans: b)

50) The percentage resistance and percentage reactance of a 10kVA, 400V/200V,
3-‐Phase transformer are 2% and 10% respectively. If the constant losses in the
machine are1%, the maximum possible percentage efficiency of the transformer
is
a) 98.32 b) 97.25 c) 96.85 d) 96.12 (Ans: b)

51) A 500 kVA, 3-‐phase transformer has iron losses of 300 W and full load
copper losses of 600 W. The percentage load at which the transformer is
expected to have maximum efficiency is
a) 50.0% b) 70.7% c) 141.4% d) 200.0% (Ans: b)

52) The efficiency of a 100kVA transformer is 0.98 at full as well as at half load.
For this transformer at full load the copper loss
a) is less than core loss
b) is equal to core loss
c) is more than core loss
d) none of the above (Ans: c)

53) A 10 kVA, 250 V/2500 V, 1-‐phase, two winding transformer has 95%
efficiency at full load, upf. Calculate efficiency if this two winding transformer is
used as auto transformer for different configuration.

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54) A 400V/200V transformer has full load voltage regulation of Xpu at 0.8pf lag.
If this transformer is used as an auto transformer with voltage ratings of
400V/600V or 200V/600V, then its voltage regulation would be
a) x/3, x/3 b)2x/3, x/3 c)2x/3,2x/3 d)x/3,2x/3 (Ans: b)

55) Derive an expression for the approximate relative weights of the Cu in an
auto transformer and a two winding transformer, the primary voltage being V1
and the secondary voltage V2. Compare the weights of Cu when the
transformation ratio is 3. Ignore magnetizing current. (Ans: 2/3)

56) A single-‐phase, 50 kVA, 1000 V/ 100 V two winding transformer is
connected as an autotransformer as shown in the figure.

The kVA rating of the autotransformer is ____________ (Ans: 550)

57) A 200/400 V, 50 Hz, two-‐winding transformer is rated at 20 kVA. Its
windings are connected as an auto-‐transformer of rating 200/600 V. A resistive
load of 12Ω is connected to the high voltage (600 V) side of the auto-‐transformer.
The value of equivalent load resistance (in ohms) as seen from low voltage side
is (Ans: 1.33)
58) A single phase 2kva 100/200V transformer is reconnected as an auto
transformer such that its kVA rating is max. The new rating, in kVA is ____ (Ans:
6)

59) A single phase 22kva 2200/220V 50Hz, distribution transformer is to be
connected as an auto transformer to get an output voltage of 2420V. Its max kVA
rating as an auto transformer is ____ (Ans: 242)

60) A 50kva 3300/230V single phase transformer is connected as an auto
transformer as shown in fig. The nominal rating of the auto transformer will be
___ (Ans: 767.4)

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Statement for Linked answer questions (61 & 62)

The figure above shows coils 1 and 2 with dot markings as shown, having 4000
and 6000 turns respectively. Both the coils have a rated current of 25A. Coil 1 is
excited with single phase, 400V, 50Hz supply.

61) The coils are to be connected to obtain a single phase 400/1000V auto
transformer to drive a load of 10kva. Which of the options given should be
exercised to realize the required auto transformer?
a) Connect A and D; Common B
b) Connect B and D; Common C
c) Connect A and C; Common B
d) Connect A and C; Common D (Ans: a)
62) In the auto transformer obtained in above question the current in each coil is
___ (Ans: Coil-‐1 is 15A and Coil 2 is 10A)

Synchronous Machines

• Two magnetic poles revolve around a stationary armature carrying two
coil (C1 – 𝐶!! , C2 -‐ 𝐶!! ) as shown in the figure. Consider the instant when the
poles are in a position as shown. Identify the correct statement regarding
the polarity of the induced emf at this instant in coil sides C1 and C2.
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a) ʘ in C1, no emf in C2
b) ⊗ in C1, no emf in C2
c) ʘ in C2, no emf in C1
d) ⊗ in C2, no emf in C1 (Ans: a)
2) When Stator and Rotor windings of a 2-‐Pole rotating electrical machine are
excited, each would produce a sinusoidal mmf distribution in the airgap with
peak values Fs and Fr respectively. The rotor mmf lags stator mmf by a space
angle at any instant as shown in figure. Thus, half of stator and rotor surfaces
will form one pole with the other half forming the second pole. Further, the
direction of torque acting on the rotor can be clockwise or counter-‐clockwise.

The following table gives four sets of statements as regards poles and torque.
Select the correct set corresponding to the mmf axis as shown in figure.

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Stator Stator Rotor Rotor Torque
surface surface surface abc surface cda Surface
ABC forms CDA forms forms forms
(a) North Pole South Pole
Clockwise North Pole South Pole
(b) South Pole North Pole
Counter North Pole South Pole
Clockwise
(c) North Pole South Pole South Pole North Pole Counter
Clockwise
(d) South Pole North Pole South Pole North Pole Clockwise

3) Find the highest speeds and the corresponding number of poles for two direct
coupled alternators required to give frequencies of a) 15 & 42 b) 42 & 50 Hz.

4) A 50 Hz synchronous clock is correct at 7AM. From 7AM to 1PM the average
frequency is 49.95 Hz from 1PM to 6PM is 49.90Hz. What must be the average
frequency for the remainder of the 24 Hrs in order that the clock be correct again
at 7AM?. By how much is the clock incorrect at 6PM?

5) A three-‐phase 10 pole star connected alternator runs at 600rpm. It has 120
slots with 8 conductors per slot and the conductors of each phase are connected
in series. Determine the phase and line emfs if the flux per pole is 56mWb. What
harmonics due to slots might occur in the phase and line voltages?

6) Determine the root mean square value of the individual harmonic components
and of the total induced emf per phase and line of a 50Hz, 3phase alternator from
the following data: No of poles = 10, slots per pole per phase = 2, conductors per
slot (2layers) =4, coil span =1500, flux per pole, fundemental= 0.12Wb, The
analysis of the air gap flux density shows a 20% third harmonic. All the coils are
connected in series.

7) The armature of a single phase alternator is completely wound with T single
turn coils distributed uniformly. The induced voltage in each turn is 2Volts(rms).
The emf of the whole winding is
a) 2 T Volt b) 1.11 T Volt c) 1.414 T Volt d) 1.273 T Volt (Ans: d)

8) A 20 pole alternator is having 180 identical stator slots with 6 conductors in
each slot. All the coils of a phase are in series. If the coils are connected to realize
single-‐phase winding, the generated voltge is V1. If the coils are reconnected to
realize three-‐phase star connected winding, the generated phase voltage is V2.
Assuming full pitch, single-‐layer winding, the ratio V1/V2 is
! !
a) ! b) ! c) 3 d)2 (Ans: d)

9) It is desirable to eliminate 5th harmonic voltage from the phase voltage of an
alternator. The coils should be short-‐pitched by an electrical angle of

a) 300 b) 360 c) 720 d) 180 (Ans: b)

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10) The distribution factor for a 36 slot stator with 3-‐phase, 8-‐pole winding,
having 1200 phase spread, is ___________

Data for Questions(39,41)
A 4 pole, 50Hz, synchronous generator has 48 slots in which a double layer
winding is used. Each coil has 10 turns and is short pitched by an angle to 360
electrical. The fundamental flux per pole is 0.025 Wb.

11) The line-‐to-‐line induced emf (in volts), for a three phase star connection is
approximately
a) 808 b) 888 c) 1400 d) 1538 (Ans: c)

12) The fifth harmonic component of phase emf (in volts), for a three phase star
connection is
a) 0 b) 269 c) 281 d) 808 (Ans: a)

13) A three phase alternator is wound with a 60 degree phase-‐spread armature
windings and develops 300 kVA. If the armature is reconnected utilizing all the
coils for single-‐phase operation with a phase spread of 180 degrees, the new
rating for the machine is
a) 100 kVA b) 200 kVA c) 250 kVA d) 300 kVA (Ans: b)

14) A 3-‐ , 4 pole, 60 slot alternator, if
a) Coil span = one to 12 then pitch factor is
b) The winding is short pitched by five slots then the pitch factor is
!!!!
c) If coil span = !" of pole pitch then coil span factor is

15) A 4-‐pole, 3-‐phase, double layer winding is housed in a 36-‐slot stator for an ac
machine with 600 phase spread. Coil span is 7 short pitched. Number of slots in
which top and bottom layers belong to different phases is
a) 24 b) 18 c) 12 d) 0 (Ans: a)

16) The flux per pole in a synchronous motor with the field circuit ON and the
stator disconneted from the supply is found to be 25 mWb. When the stator is
connected to the rated supply with the field excitaion unchanged, the flux per
pole in the machine is found to be 20 mWb while the motor is running on no-‐
load. Assuming no-‐load losses to be zero, the no-‐load current drawn by the
motor from the supply
a) lags the supply voltage
b) leads the supply voltage
c) is in phase with the supply voltage
d) Is zero (Ans: b)

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