ACTIVITY DESIGNING A HIGHWAY

Survey the nearest highway in your location and observe or take down important
measurements notes it like : Take a photo while doing this activity . Differentiate the
barangay road and the national road using this table.

Measurements Values Remarks/Observation

Lengths 4.40 meters The national road has a 6.10
Width 3.05 meters meters width for a two-way
Thickness 0.023 meters traffic . The measurements
were similar for the
provincial and municipal
road but much longer than
the barangay road which has
only an ideal width of 4.5
meters. National road
connects one province to
another province while
Barangay road connects the
barangays from the town.
Required Speed in that 60 km/h The minimum speed limit for
location the National road is 60 km/h
while for the Barangay road
is 20 km/h.

What is the step-by-step procedure in the construction of a road?

1. Clearing and Excavation .The area on which the road is going to be built on must be
cleared of all vegetation, which requires the removal of trees, shrubs and bushes.
Excavation vehicles will also dig up and remove rocks and stones from the future
road's pathway. To prevent the cleared land from erosion, control devices, including
fences, ditches and basins are installed.
2. Mounting .The road takes shape as diggers, excavation plant machinery and bulldozers
mount dirt and soil over the area where the future pathway will run. The surface is
then leveled and smoothed by graders. Culverts and drains, consisting of large
concrete pipes, are laid to prevent the road from flooding by leading away
groundwater, sewage or stormwater.
3. Fine Grading.Fine grading requires construction workers to prepare the surface by
leveling it according to plans provided by structural engineers. Fine grading requires
manual labour and digging as well as grading plant machinery, also called graders. To
make the grading last, it is stabilized with limestone or concrete.
4. Aggregate Base .After another grading of the surface, the aggregate base course is
laid. Aggregate base is made of crushed stone or gravel, and it is placed evenly on the
 road surface. If the road is in a town or city, a curb for the pavement and the gutter
will be constructed straight after the gravel is placed on the surface. The road is then
fine graded again.
5. Asphalt Paving.Once the gravel has been distributed evenly, the asphalt can be
poured. Asphalt is a mixture of a petroleum byproduct, an aggregate base material
and a sticky, gluelike substance called bitumen. Depending on the expected traffic on
the road, up to four layers of asphalt can be placed on top of each other. The asphalt
usually is produced and mixed in large plants after the engineer's specifications. The
hot asphalt is filled into trucks that transport the material to the construction site
where it will be poured immediately. Before the last layer of asphalt is poured, the
sidewalks and gutters have to be finished. The construction work is concluded by
placing the appropriate road signs at the places specified by planners and the
application of road markings.

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