Appendix SB

Bridge Design Manual - 2002 Slab Bridge Design

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Appendix SB - 6.0m Clear SPAN & 4.50m CLEAR BRIDGE WIDTH

R.C.Slab SUPERSTRUCTURE DESIGN BY LRFD METHOD
Project:
Name of River:
Span : 6.00 m , Slab Bridge
Consultant: Louis Berger Group in association with SABA Engineering plc
Designed by : Henok Aberra ( Str. Engineer)
Checked by : Lennart Rahm (Bridge Engineer)
Case: Statical calculation

Assumptions
- Main reinforcements are placed parellel to center line of roadway.
- The bottom of the slab is assumed level.
- Center to center of support is assumed perpendicular to supports, not neccesarily
parallel to centerline of roadway.
- The additional amount of concrete thickness for crossfall is not considered for
the flexural design, but the weight is included as dead load.

Dimensions

Clear span Lc= 6.00 m

No. of bays = 1
No. of piers= 0
Curb/Edge beam width (top) = 0.40 m
Curb/Edge beam width (bottom) = 0.40 m
Additional Curb/Edge beam depth = 0.00 m
Width of abutment = 0.40 m
Center to center of abutment perpendicular to Support S = L = 6.40 m
Total length of superstructure = 6.80 m
Clear width of superstructure = 4.50 m
Total width of superstructure = 5.30 m
No of lane = 1
Cross fall = 2 %
Railing depth = 0.30 m
Railing width = 0.25 m
Post depth = 0.25 m
Post width = 0.25 m
Post height = 0.60 m
Average post spacing = 1.50 m
Skewness angle = 0.00 Deg.

Loading type: Notional load, Design Tandem

Material Properties
Type of concrete: Grade 20
fc'= 20.00 Mpa
fc=0.4fc'= 8.28 Mpa
gc = 24.00 KN/m3
Type of steel :
For bar with size greater than f20, For bar with size less than or equal to f20,
Grade-60 Grade-40
fyk = 400.00 MPa fyk = 300.00 MPa
fs = 165.57 Mpa fs = 137.97 Mpa

Es = 199945.33 Mpa
Ec = 21525.28 Mpa

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Others
modular ratio n=Es/Ec= 9
fmoment = 0.90
fshear = 0.90
b= 0.85
odulus of rupture =fr =7.5sqrt(fc') = 2.83 MPa

z in Eq. 9.15 = 30246.92 KPa

For rebar f > 20 mm

rb = 0.85b1fc'/fy*(599.843/(599.843+fy)) = 0.0214

For rebar f <= 20 mm

rb = 0.85b1fc'/fy*(599.843/(599.843+fy)) = 0.0371

Load Factors

Dead load limit state factor = 1.25

Live load limit state factor = 1.75

Dead load service state factor = 1.00

Live load service state factor = 1.00

Fatique Live load factor = 0.75

I. Dead load moments:

Assume Dslab= 0.38 m

take Dslab= 0.38 m

Dead load:
2
W_slab=Dslab*24= 9.76 KN/m
Post & railing load = 0.98 "
Weight of wearing surface ws= 1.10 "
========
Total DL= 11.83 KN/m2

* Point of maximum live load moment = (s/2-.711)/s = 0.389

Dead load moments at different points

a x [m] VA [KN/m]Mo[KNm/m]
0.00 0.00 37.87 0.00
0.05 0.32 34.08 11.51
0.10 0.64 30.30 21.81
0.15 0.96 26.51 30.90
0.20 1.28 22.72 38.78
0.25 1.60 18.94 45.45
0.30 1.92 15.15 50.90
0.35 2.24 11.36 55.14
0.40 2.56 7.57 58.17
0.389 2.49 8.40 57.61
0.45 2.88 3.79 59.99
0.50 3.20 0.00 60.59

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II. Live load moments:

Distribution of live load laterally: (see section 12-8 Eq. 12.40)

The equivalent width of longitudinal strips per lane for both shear and moment with one lane, I.e., two lines

E1 = 250+0.42sqrt(L1W1) L1 = 6400.0 mm
= 2696.1 mm/lane load W1 = 5300.0 mm

The equivalent width of longitudinal strips per lane for both shear and moment with more than one lane

E2 = 2100+0.12sqrt(L1W1)<=W/NL L1 = 6400.0 mm
= 2798.9 mm/lane load W1 = 5300.0 mm

E= 2.70 m

Impact factor I = 1+IM/100Where IM = 33 % (for Servicibility limit state design)

= 1.33

a) HS20-44

wheel load W= 72.500 KN

Live load/m = LL/m = W/E = 26.89 KN/m
Total LL/m+I = 2P = 71.53 KN/m ( For two line of wheel or lane loading)

b) Design Tandem/Military Loading

wheel load W= 55.000 KN

Live load/m = LL/m = W/E = 20.40 KN/m
Total LL/m+I = 2P = 54.26 KN/m ( For two line of wheel or lane loading)

c) Lane load

load = 9.30 KN/m

load per meter width= 3.45 KN/m

3.0 m
9.3 KNm

6.40

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Case -1 Moment and shear at rear wheel position ( truck moving to the right )

a) HS20-44 Loading
4.267 4.267

p P
x =a*s P/4

o
A B
X1

X2
X3

s= 6.40

a x x1 x2 x3 VA VA [KN] Mo Mo [KNm]
0.00 0.00 0.00 2.13 6.40 1.333 95.37 0.000 0.00
0.05 0.32 0.00 1.81 6.08 1.233 88.22 0.395 28.23
0.10 0.64 0.00 1.49 5.76 1.133 81.06 0.725 51.88
0.15 0.96 0.00 1.17 5.44 1.033 73.91 0.992 70.95
0.20 1.28 0.00 0.85 5.12 0.933 66.76 1.195 85.45
0.25 1.60 0.00 0.53 4.80 0.833 59.60 1.333 95.37
0.30 1.92 0.00 0.21 4.48 0.733 52.45 1.408 100.71
0.35 2.24 0.00 0.00 4.16 0.650 46.49 1.456 104.15
0.40 2.56 0.00 0.00 3.84 0.600 42.92 1.536 109.87
0.45 2.88 0.00 0.00 3.52 0.550 39.34 1.584 113.30
0.50 3.20 0.00 0.00 3.20 0.500 35.76 1.600 114.45

Case -2 Moment and shear at middle wheel position ( truck moving to the left )

4.267 4.267

p/4 P p

x =a*s
X1

X2
X3

s= 6.40

a x x1 x2 x3 VA VA [KN] Mo Mo [KNm]
0.30 1.92 0.21 4.48 0.00 0.733 52.45 1.408 100.71
0.35 2.24 0.00 4.16 0.00 0.650 46.49 1.456 104.15
0.40 2.56 0.00 3.84 0.00 0.600 42.92 1.536 109.87
0.389* 2.49 0.00 3.91 0.00 0.611 43.70 1.521 108.81
0.45 2.88 0.00 3.52 0.00 0.550 39.34 1.584 113.30
0.50 3.20 0.00 3.20 0.00 0.500 35.76 1.600 114.45
* --- Indicates point of maximum live load moment for spans which can fully contain the truck length.

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b) Design Tandem/Military Loading

1.219

p p
x =a*s

X1
X2

s= 6.40

a x x1 x2 VA VA [KN] Mo Mo [KNm]
0.00 0.00 5.18 6.40 1.810 98.19 0.000 0.00
0.05 0.32 4.86 6.08 1.710 92.76 0.547 29.68
0.10 0.64 4.54 5.76 1.610 87.34 1.030 55.90
0.15 0.96 4.22 5.44 1.510 81.91 1.449 78.63
0.20 1.28 3.90 5.12 1.410 76.48 1.804 97.90
0.25 1.60 3.58 4.80 1.310 71.06 2.095 113.69
0.30 1.92 3.26 4.48 1.210 65.63 2.322 126.01
0.35 2.24 2.94 4.16 1.110 60.21 2.485 134.86
0.40 2.56 2.62 3.84 1.010 54.78 2.584 140.23
0.389 2.49 2.69 3.91 1.031 55.97 2.568 139.35
0.45 2.88 2.30 3.52 0.910 49.35 2.619 142.13
0.50 3.20 1.98 3.20 0.810 43.93 2.590 140.56

c) Lane load

Lane load moments at different points

a x [m] VA [KN/m]Mo[KNm/m]
0.00 0.00 11.04 0.00
0.05 0.32 9.93 3.36
0.10 0.64 8.83 6.36
0.15 0.96 7.73 9.01
0.20 1.28 6.62 11.30
0.25 1.60 5.52 13.25
0.30 1.92 4.42 14.84
0.35 2.24 3.31 16.07
0.40 2.56 2.21 16.95
0.389 2.49 2.45 16.79
0.45 2.88 1.10 17.48
0.50 3.20 0.00 17.66

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Summary of maximum live load shear and moments at different points

VA [KN] Mo VA [KN] Mo [KNm]

x (HS20-44) [KNm] (Tandem) (Tandem) VA Mo
a
[m] + (HS20-44) + + [KN/m] [KNm/m]
Lane + Lane Lane
0.00 0.00 106.41 0.00 109.23 0.00 109.23 0.00
0.05 0.32 98.15 31.58 102.70 33.04 102.70 33.04
0.10 0.64 89.89 58.24 96.17 62.25 96.17 62.25
0.15 0.96 81.64 79.96 89.64 87.64 89.64 87.64
0.20 1.28 73.38 96.75 83.11 109.20 83.11 109.20
0.25 1.60 65.12 108.61 76.58 126.94 76.58 126.94
0.30 1.92 56.87 115.54 70.05 140.85 70.05 140.85
0.35 2.24 49.81 120.22 63.52 150.93 63.52 150.93
0.40 2.56 45.12 126.82 56.99 157.19 56.99 157.19
0.389 2.49 46.15 125.60 58.41 156.15 58.41 156.15
0.45 2.88 40.44 130.79 50.46 159.62 50.46 159.62
0.50 3.20 35.76 132.11 43.93 158.22 43.93 158.22

Summary of total dead and live load moments at Service load

Ms =MDL+MLL and Vs =VDL+VLL

a x Vs [KN/m]Ms[KNm/m]
0.00 0.00 147.10 0.00
0.05 0.32 136.78 44.55
0.10 0.64 126.46 84.07
0.15 0.96 116.15 118.54
0.20 1.28 105.83 147.98
0.25 1.60 95.51 172.38
0.30 1.92 85.20 191.75
0.35 2.24 74.88 206.07
0.40 2.56 64.56 215.36
0.389 2.49 66.82 213.76
0.45 2.88 54.24 219.61
0.50 3.20 43.93 218.82

Summary of factored dead and live load moments

Mu =1.25MDL+1.75MLL and Vu =1.25VDL+1.75VLL

a x Vu [KN/m]Mu[KNm/m]
0.00 0.00 238.49 0.00
0.05 0.32 222.33 72.21
0.10 0.64 206.16 136.21
0.15 0.96 190.00 192.00
0.20 1.28 173.84 239.58
0.25 1.60 157.68 278.95
0.30 1.92 141.52 310.11
0.35 2.24 125.36 333.06
0.40 2.56 109.19 347.79
0.389 2.490 112.73 345.27
0.45 2.88 93.03 354.32
0.50 3.20 76.87 352.64

DESIGN TANDEM + LANE LOADING HAS GOVERNED !!

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Design for flexure

a) Main reinforcement parallel to traffic

The cracking moment given by Eq.12.39 as follows:

3 4
Ig =bh /12 = 4.6E+09 mm
Mcr =frIg/yt = 68.11 KNm/m yt= 190.00 mm
fr = 2.830 MPa
and the maximum factored live load plus dead load moment is;
Mu = 354.32 KNm/m
Reinforcement
Therefore, a moment satisfying the provisions of section 3.3 and Art 7.2 Minimum combination is taken for design

Mu = 354.32 KNm/m

Dprov. = 380 mm
As = Mu/ffy(d-a/2) beff = 1000 mm
= 3211.25 mm2 fy = 400.00 MPa
fc' = 20.00 MPa
a = Asfy/(.85fc'b) f= 0.90
= 73.02 mm fbar = 24 mm
cover = 25 mm
dprov = 343 mm

use f 24 c/c 140 mm

As prov. = 3231.35 mm2 Smax = 450 mm

r max. = 0.75rb = 0.0160
r prov. = As/bd = 0.0094 OK !!

Checking Distribution of Flexural Reinforcements

To control flexural cracking of the concrete, tension reinforcement shall be well distributed within the maximum
flexural zones. To prevent this kind of cracking, the calculated stress in the reinforcement at service load ,fs, in
MPa shall not exceed the value computed by ,

1/3
fs = Z/(dcA) <=0.6fy ----------- Eq(9.14)

Where :Z = crack width parameter in N/mm

For modernate climate, Z= 30000 N/mm
dc = depth of concrete measured from extreme tension fiber to center of
bar ; for calculation purpose, the thickness of clear cover used to
compute dc shall not be taken greater than 50mm.
= 37.0 mm
A = area of concrete having the same centroid as the principal tension
renforcement and bounded by the surfaces of the cross-section
and a straigth line parallel to the neutral axis, divided by the
number of bar.
= 10425 mm
Therefore,
fs = 240.0 Mpa

From the above calculation ---- jd = 314.4 mm

The stress at service stress is calculated as follows:

The moment at service load is
Ms = 219.61 kNm/m
The reinforcement required to control the width of crack is given as follows:

2
use f 24 c/c 140 mm ===> As prov. = 3231.35 mm /m

fs =M/(Asjd) = 216.2 Mpa OK !

r max. = 0.75rb = 0.0160

r prov. = As/bd = 0.0094

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b) Distribution steel for main reinforcment parallel to traffic

To take into account for load distribution normal to traffic use distribution steel,

Percentage =100/sqrt(s 21.82 % dia of dist. bar = 16 mm

As dist = 705.18 mm2/m
Provide f 16 c/c 280 mm

Check for Shear

Vmax = 238.49 KN/m
wable shear stress is given by : vc = 2sqrt(fc')
= 0.76 Mpa

Therefore the reqd. depth for shear is given by;

dreqd =Vmax/vc*b = 315.58 mm
Dreqd =dreqd + f/2 cover = 352.58 mm OK !

Design of edge beam

The amount of additional reinforcement required at the edge beam is given by,

According to Art. 7.4 Slabs/Edge Support Dprov. = 380.00 mm

live load moment = 154.28 KNm beff = 1348 mm
Total moment Mu = 269.99 KNm fy = 400.00 MPa
fc' = 20.00 MPa
As = Mu/ffy(d-a/2) f= 0.90
= 2527.87 mm2 fbar = 24 mm
cover = 50 mm
a = Asfy/(.85fc'b) dprov = 318.00 mm
= 42.64 mm

use 6 f 24

Extension length required at bar cutoff

Extension length reqd beyond the point at which it is no longer required is given by ;

ext reqd = max( 15*dia of bar,deff,1/20 of clear span length )

= 360.00 mm

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Bar cutoff
a= -40.090 b= 238.490 c= 0.000

Length of standard hook = 0.476 m

cover to hooked bar at end = 0.05 m Bar s [m] s1 [m]
Total superstructure length = 6.80 m Number 38 12
Length 6.40 5.38

Moment & Shear force Diagram

400.00

350.00 y = -40.09x2 + 238.49x + 1E-12

300.00
Mu[KNm/m]
Mu [KNm],Vu [KN]

250.00

200.00
Polynomial
150.00 (Mu[KNm/m])

100.00

50.00

0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50
x [m]

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6.0m SLAB BRIDGE and 4.5m Clear RDWY Width

REINFORCING BAR SCHEDULE

TOTAL TOTAL
SIZE LENGTH
BAR NUMBER LENGTH WEIGHT SHAPE
[mm] [m]
[m] [Kg]
S 24 38 6.40 243.06 863
S1 24 12 5.38 64.56 229
S2 16 24 5.25 126.00 199
S3 12 14 6.70 93.80 83
S4 12 17 5.81 98.77 88

ESTIMATED QUANTITIES
ITEM No DESCRIPTION UNIT QUANTITY
3
406(1) GRADE 20 CONCRETE m 14.7 ( Level bottom surface )
407(1) REINFORCEMENT STEEL Kg 1375
- R.C. BRIDGE RAILING m 13.60

BAR TYPE & SPACING

For bar S Provide f 24 c/c 0.14 m
For bar S1 Provide f 24 c/c 0.14 m
For bar S2 Provide f 16 c/c 0.28 m
For bar S3 Provide f 12 c/c 0.40 m
For bar S4 Provide f 12 c/c 0.40 m

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